Unassociated Document
 


FORM 6-K
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
Report of Foreign Issuer
 
Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the month of March, 2009
 
Commission File Number: 001-02413
 
Canadian National Railway Company
(Translation of registrant’s name into English)
 
935 de la Gauchetiere Street West
Montreal, Quebec
Canada H3B 2M9

(Address of principal executive offices)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F:
Form 20-F           Form 40-F    X  

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1):
Yes           No    X  

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7):
Yes           No    X  

Indicate by check mark whether by furnishing the information contained in this Form, the Registrant is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:
Yes           No    X  

If “Yes” is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection with Rule 12g3-2(b): N/A


 
 
Canadian National Railway Company

Table of Contents
 
Items
 
Item 1
Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders
 
Item 2
Management Proxy Circular
 
Item 3
Proxy Form
 
Item 4
Annual Report
 

 
SIGNATURES
 
          Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
    Canadian National Railway Company  
           
Date: March 23, 2009  By: /s/ Sean Finn  
      Name:
Sean Finn
 
      Title:
Executive Vice-President
Corporate Services and Chief Legal Officer 
 
 

 
 
Item 1

 
 
 
NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
 
 
Our annual meeting of holders of common shares will be held at
 
THE FAIRMONT PALLISER
133 9TH AVENUE SW
CALGARY, ALBERTA (CANADA)
 
on Tuesday, April 21, 2009, at 9:00 a.m. (Mountain time) for:

1.
receiving the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2008 and the auditors reports thereon;
   
2.
electing the directors;
   
3.
appointing the auditors; and
   
4.
transacting such other business as may properly be brought before the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.
 
The directors have fixed March 9, 2009, as the record date for the determination of the holders of common shares entitled to receive notice of the Meeting.
 
 
By order of the board of directors
 

 
(Signed) Sean Finn
EXECUTIVE VICE-PRESIDENT,
CORPORATE SERVICES AND CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER

March 3, 2009
Montréal, Québec
 
 

 
 
Item 2
 






 
NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING
OF SHAREHOLDERS
 

April 21, 2009
 

AND
 
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR







 
 
March 3, 2009


Dear Shareholder:

On behalf of the Board of Directors and Management of Canadian National Railway Company (the “Company”), we cordially invite you to attend the annual meeting of shareholders that will be held this year at The Fairmont Palliser, Crystal Ballroom, Lobby Level, 133 9th Avenue SW, Calgary, Alberta (Canada), on Tuesday, April 21, 2009, at 9:00 a.m. (Mountain time).

This Information Circular describes the business to be conducted at the meeting and provides information on executive compensation and CN’s governance practices. In addition to these items, we will discuss, at the meeting, highlights of our 2008 performance and our plans for the future. You will have the opportunity to meet your directors and the senior officers of the Company.

Your participation in the affairs of the Company is important to us. If you are unable to attend in person, we encourage you to complete and return the enclosed proxy form or voting instruction form in the envelope provided for this purpose so that your views can be represented. Also, it is possible for you to vote over the Internet by following the instructions on the enclosed forms. Even if you plan to attend the meeting, you may find it convenient to express your views in advance by completing and returning the proxy form or voting instruction form or by voting over the Internet.

If your shares are not registered in your name but are held in the name of a nominee, you may wish to consult the information on pages 5 and 6 of the Information Circular with respect to how to vote your shares.

A live webcast of the meeting will be available on the Company’s website at www.cn.ca.

We look forward to seeing you at the meeting.

Sincerely,
 
   
(Signed) E. Hunter Harrison
(Signed) David G.A. McLean
President and Chief Executive Officer
Chairman of the Board
 



 
 
NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
 
 
Our annual meeting of holders of common shares will be held at
 
THE FAIRMONT PALLISER
133 9TH AVENUE SW
CALGARY, ALBERTA (CANADA)
 
on Tuesday, April 21, 2009, at 9:00 a.m. (Mountain time) for:

1.
receiving the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2008 and the auditors reports thereon;
   
2.
electing the directors;
   
3.
appointing the auditors; and
   
4.
transacting such other business as may properly be brought before the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.
 
The directors have fixed March 9, 2009, as the record date for the determination of the holders of common shares entitled to receive notice of the Meeting.
 
 
By order of the board of directors
 

(Signed) Sean Finn
EXECUTIVE VICE-PRESIDENT,
CORPORATE SERVICES AND CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER

March 3, 2009
Montréal, Québec

CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
 2

 
INFORMATION CIRCULAR
 
This management information circular (the “Information Circular”) is provided in connection with the solicitation of proxies by management of Canadian National Railway Company for use at the annual meeting of its shareholders or at any adjournment or postponement thereof (the “Meeting). In this document you and your refer to the shareholders of, and CN, the Company or we, “us , our refer to, Canadian National Railway Company.The Meeting will be held at The Fairmont Palliser, Crystal Ballroom, Lobby Level, 133 9th Avenue SW, Calgary, Alberta (Canada), on Tuesday, April 21, 2009, at 9:00 a.m. (Mountain time) for the purposes set forth in the foregoing Notice of Meeting. The information contained herein is given as at March 3, 2009, except as indicated otherwise.

IMPORTANT  If you are not able to attend the Meeting, please exercise your right to vote by signing the enclosed form of proxy or voting instruction form and, in the case of registered shareholders and holders of Employee Shares (as such term is defined in this Information Circular) by returning it to Computershare Trust Company of Canada in the enclosed envelope, or by voting over the Internet no later than 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on April 20, 2009, or, if the Meeting is adjourned or postponed, by no later than 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the business day prior to the day fixed for the adjourned or postponed meeting. If you are a non-registered shareholder, reference is made to the section entitled How do I vote if I am a non-registered shareholder? on page 5 of this Information Circular.
 
What’s Inside
 
4
Questions and Answers  Voting and Proxies
   
7
Business of the Meeting
7
Financial Statements
7
Election of Directors
7
Appointment of Auditors
   
8
Nominees for Election to the Board
8
Description of Nominees
12
Board of Directors Compensation
16
Board and Committee Attendance
17
Additional Disclosure Relating to Directors
   
18
Statement of Corporate Governance Practices
18
General
18
Code of Business Conduct
19
Independence of Directors
19
Independent Chairman of the Board
19
Position Descriptions
20
Election of Directors
20
Committees of the Board
21
Board and Committee Meetings
22
Board Performance Assessment
22
Director Selection
24
Director Orientation and Continuing Education
24
Audit Committee Disclosure
   
29
Statement of Executive Compensation
29
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
31
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
40
Summary Compensation Table
41
Incentive Plan Awards
45
Employment Contracts/ Arrangements
46
Pension Plan Benefits
50
Termination and Change of Control Benefits
52
Currency Exchange Information
   
53
Other Information
53
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
53
Indebtedness of Directors and Executive Officers
53
Interest of Informed Persons and Others in Material Transactions
53
Directors’ and Officers’ Insurance
53
Shareholder Proposals
53
Availability of Documents
53
Approval
   
54
SCHEDULE "A"  Mandate of the Board

CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
 3

 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Voting and Proxies

The following questions and answers provide guidance on how to vote your shares.
 
Who can vote?
 
Shareholders who are registered as at the close of business on March 9, 2009 (the record date), will be entitled to vote at the Meeting or at any adjournment or postponement thereof, either in person or by proxy.
 
As of the close of business on February 27, 2009, the Company had outstanding 468,280,344 common shares without par value. Subject to the voting restrictions described below, each common share carries the right to one vote.
 
What will I be voting on?
 
Shareholders will be voting (i) to elect directors of the Company, and (ii) to appoint KPMG LLP as auditors of the Company. Our board of directors and our management are recommending that shareholders vote FOR items (i) and (ii).
 
How will these matters be decided at the Meeting?
 
A simple majority of the votes cast, in person or by proxy, will constitute approval of these matters.
 
Who is soliciting my proxy?
 
Management of the Company is soliciting your proxy. The solicitation is being made primarily by mail, but our directors, officers or employees may also solicit proxies at a nominal cost to the Company. The Company has retained the services of Kingsdale Shareholder Services Inc. for the solicitation of proxies in Canada and the United States, at an aggregate cost estimated to be CAD$30,000 plus additional costs relating to out-of-pocket expenses.
 
Who can I call with questions?
 
If you have questions about the information contained in this Information Circular or require assistance in completing your form of proxy, please call Kingsdale Shareholder Services Inc., the Company’s proxy solicitation agent, toll-free at 1-866-851-3217.
 
How can I contact the transfer agent?
 
You can contact the transfer agent either by mail at Computershare Trust Company of Canada, 100 University Ave, 9th Floor, North Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2Y1, by telephone at 1-800-564-6253, by fax at 1-888-453-0330 or by email at service@computershare.com.
 
How do I vote?
 
If you are eligible to vote and your common shares are registered in your name, you can vote your common shares in person at the Meeting or by proxy, as explained below. If your common shares are held in the name of a nominee, please see the instructions below under How do I vote if I am a non-registered shareholder?.
 
What are the voting restrictions?
 
Our articles of incorporation, as amended, provide that no person, together with his or her associates, shall hold, beneficially own or control, directly or indirectly, voting shares to which are attached more than 15% in the aggregate of the votes attached to all our voting shares that may ordinarily be cast to elect directors of the Company. In addition, where the total number of voting shares held, beneficially owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by any one person together with his or her associates exceeds such 15% maximum, no person shall, in person or by proxy, exercise the voting rights attached to the voting shares held, beneficially owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such person or his or her associates.
 
How do I vote if I am a registered shareholder?
 
1.
VOTING BY PROXY
  You are a registered shareholder if your name appears on your share certificate. If this is the case, you may appoint someone else to vote for you as your proxy holder by using the enclosed form of proxy. The persons currently named as proxies in such form of proxy are the Board chair and the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company.
  However, you have the right to appoint any other person or company (who need not be a shareholder) to attend and act on your behalf at the Meeting. That right may be exercised by writing the name of such person or company in the blank space provided in the form of proxy or by completing another proper form of proxy. Make sure that the person you appoint is aware that he or she is appointed and attends the Meeting.
     
 
How can I send my form of proxy?
   
You can either return a duly completed and executed form of proxy to the transfer agent and registrar for the Company’s common shares, Computershare Trust Company of Canada, in the envelope provided, or you can vote over the Internet by following the instructions on the form of proxy.

CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
 4

 
 
What is the deadline for receiving the form of proxy?
 
 
The deadline for receiving duly completed forms of proxy or a vote over the Internet is 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on April 20, 2009, or if the Meeting is adjourned or postponed, by no later than 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the business day prior to the day fixed for the adjourned or postponed meeting.
     
 
How will my common shares be voted if I give my proxy?
   
Your common shares will be voted or withheld from voting in accordance with your instructions indicated on the proxy. If no instructions are indicated, your common shares represented by proxies in favour of the Board chair or the President and Chief Executive Officer will be voted FOR the election of management’s nominees as directors and FOR the appointment of KPMG LLP as auditors and at the discretion of the proxy holder in respect of amendments to any of the foregoing matters or on such other business as may properly be brought before the Meeting. Should any nominee named herein for election as a director become unable to accept nomination for election, it is intended that the person acting under proxy in favour of management will vote for the election in his or her stead for such other person as management of the Company may recommend. Management has no reason to believe that any of the nominees for election as directors will be unable to serve if elected to office and management is not aware of any amendment or other business likely to be brought before the Meeting.
     
 
If I change my mind, how can I revoke my proxy?
   
You may revoke your proxy at any time by an instrument in writing (which includes another form of proxy with a later date) executed by you, or by your attorney (duly authorized in writing), and (i) deposited with the Corporate Secretary of the Company at the registered office of the Company (935 de La Gauchetière Street West, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3B 2M9) at any time up to and including 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the last business day preceding the day of the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, or (ii) filed with the chair of the Meeting on the day of the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, or in any other manner permitted by law or in the case of a vote over the Internet, by way of a subsequent Internet vote.
     
2. VOTING IN PERSON
  If you wish to vote in person, you may present yourself to a representative of Computershare Trust Company of Canada at the registration table. Your vote will be taken and counted at the Meeting. If you wish to vote in person at the Meeting, do not complete or return the form of proxy. 
 
How do I vote if I am a non-registered shareholder?

If your common shares are not registered in your name and are held in the name of a nominee such as a trustee, financial institution or securities broker, you are a non-registered shareholder. If your common shares are listed in an account statement provided to you by your broker, those common shares will, in all likelihood, not be registered in your name. Such common shares will more likely be registered under the name of your broker or an agent of that broker. Without specific instructions, Canadian brokers and their agents or nominees are prohibited from voting shares for the broker’s client. If you are a non-registered shareholder, there are two ways, listed below, that you can vote your common shares:

1.
GIVING YOUR VOTING INSTRUCTIONS
 
Applicable securities laws require your nominee to seek voting instructions from you in advance of the Meeting. Accordingly, you will receive or have already received from your nominee a request for voting instructions for the number of common shares you hold. Every nominee has its own mailing procedures and provides its own signature and return instructions, which should be carefully followed by non-registered shareholders to ensure that their common shares are voted at the Meeting.
   
2.
VOTING IN PERSON
 
However, if you wish to vote in person at the Meeting, insert your own name in the space provided on the request for voting instructions provided by your nominee to appoint yourself as proxy holder and follow the signature and return instructions of your nominee. Non-registered shareholders who appoint themselves as proxy holders should present themselves at the Meeting to a representative of Computershare Trust Company of Canada. Do not otherwise complete the request for voting instructions sent to you as you will be voting at the Meeting.

CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
 5

 
How do I vote if I am an employee shareholder?

Common shares purchased by employees of the Company under its Canadian and U.S. Employee Share Investment Plans and its Union and Management Savings Plans for U.S. Operations (the Plans), are known as Employee Shares. Employee Shares remain registered in the name of the Plans’ custodian (the custodian), unless the employees have withdrawn their common shares from the Plans in accordance with their provisions.

Voting rights attached to the Employee Shares that are registered in the name of the custodian can be exercised by employees, or their attorneys authorized in writing, by indicating on the enclosed voting instruction form the necessary directions to the custodian or any other person or company (who need not be a shareholder) as to how they wish their Employee Shares to be voted at the Meeting. Beneficial owners of Employee Shares may also give such voting instructions by telephone or over the Internet. The Employee Shares will be voted pursuant to the directions of the beneficial owner. If no choice is specified for an item, the Employee Shares will be voted in accordance with management’s recommendations mentioned above and at the discretion of the custodian or such other person indicated, in respect of amendments to the items mentioned on the enclosed voting instruction form or on such other business as may properly be brought before the Meeting. Only Employee Shares in respect of which a voting instruction form has been signed and returned (or in respect of which the employee has given voting instructions by telephone or over the Internet) will be voted.

A holder of Employee Shares may revoke his or her directions, as indicated on a voting instruction form, at any time by an instrument in writing executed by the holder of Employee Shares, or by the holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing, provided such written instrument indicating the holder’s intention to revoke is (i) deposited with the Corporate Secretary of CN at the registered office of CN at any time up to and including 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the last business day preceding the day of the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, or (ii) filed with the chair of the Meeting on the day of the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, or in any other manner permitted by law, or in the case of directions given by telephone or over the Internet, by way of subsequent telephone or Internet directions.

The voting instruction form must be used only with respect to Employee Shares. In the event that an employee holds common shares outside the Plans, he or she must also complete the enclosed form of proxy with respect to such additional common shares. No form of proxy is to be completed with respect to Employee Shares.

CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
 6

 
BUSINESS OF THE MEETING

Financial Statements
Our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2008, together with the auditors’ reports thereon, are included in the 2008 Annual Report of the Company, available on our website at www.cn.ca, on SEDAR at www.sedar.com, on EDGAR at www.sec.gov and in print, free of charge, to any shareholder who requests copies by contacting our Corporate Secretary.

Election of Directors
Our articles of incorporation, as amended, provide that our board of directors shall consist of a minimum of seven and a maximum of 21 directors (hereinafter the Board or Board of Directors). Pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors, 11 persons are to be elected as directors for the current year, each to hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders or until such person’s successor is elected or appointed.

The term of office of each of the present directors expires at the close of the Meeting. The persons named in the section entitled Nominees for Election to the Board  Description of Nominees will be presented for election at the Meeting as management’s nominees. Unless authority is withheld, the persons designated in the accompanying form of proxy or voting instruction form intend to vote FOR the election of these nominees. The persons nominated are, in the opinion of the Board of Directors and management, well qualified to act as directors of the Company for the ensuing year. The Board of Directors and management do not contemplate that any of these nominees will be unable to serve as a director, but should that occur for any reason before the Meeting, the persons designated in the accompanying form of proxy or voting instruction form reserve the right to vote for another nominee at their discretion unless the shareholder who has given such proxy or voting instruction form has directed that the common shares be withheld from voting on the election of any of the directors.

Appointment of Auditors
The Board of Directors and the Audit Committee recommend that KPMG LLP be appointed to serve as our auditors until the next annual meeting of shareholders. Unless authority is withheld, the persons designated in the accompanying form of proxy or voting instruction form intend to vote FOR the appointment of KPMG LLP as auditors of the Company to hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders.

 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
 7

 
NOMINEES FOR
ELECTION TO THE BOARD

 
Description of Nominees
 
The following tables set out information as of February 27, 2009, unless otherwise indicated, regarding the nominees for election as directors. Among the directors elected last year, Mr. J.V. Raymond Cyr retired from the Board on January 4, 2009 and Messrs. James K. Gray and Robert H. Lee will retire from the Board on the date of the Meeting and will not be nominated for reelection, as they will have reached the retirement age adopted by the Company. Please see the section entitled “Statement of Corporate Governance Practices Director Selection Retirement from the Board for a description of such policy. All nominees are current directors of the Company.
 
 
MICHAEL R. ARMELLINO, CFA
Age: 69(1) 
Fort Lee, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Director Since: May 7, 1996
Independent
 
Mr. Armellino, a chartered financial analyst, is a Retired Partner, The Goldman Sachs Group, LP. From 1991 to 1994, Mr. Armellino was chair and Chief Executive Officer of Goldman Sachs Asset Management. Prior to 1991, he had held various positions at Goldman, Sachs & Co., including senior transportation analyst and Partner in Charge of Research.
MEMBER OF
ATTENDANCE
SECURITIES AND OPTIONS HELD
Board
  80%
COMMON SHARES OWNED
OPTIONS HELD(4)
 
Strategic Planning Committee (Chair)
100%
OR CONTROLLED(3)
   
   
Audit Committee
100%
 
 
   
Finance Committee
100%
February 2009
106,650
February 2009
Nil
Investment Committee of CNs Pension Trust Funds(2)
100%
February 2008
102,150
February 2008
Nil
 
 
 
A. CHARLES BAILLIE, O.C., LL.D.
Age: 69(1)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Director Since: April 15, 2003
Independent
 
Mr. Baillie retired as chair of The Toronto-Dominion Bank in April 2003, and as Chief Executive Officer of the bank in December 2002.
Mr. Baillie is chair of the board of directors of Alberta Investment Management Corporation (AIMCo) and is also a director of George Weston Limited and Telus Corporation.
MEMBER OF
ATTENDANCE
SECURITIES AND OPTIONS HELD
Board
100%
COMMON SHARES OWNED
OPTIONS HELD(4)
 
Finance Committee (Chair)
100%
OR CONTROLLED(3)
     
Audit Committee
  83%
       
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
100%
February 2009
133,776(5)
February 2009
N/A
Strategic Planning Committee
100%
February 2008
127,344(6)
February 2008
N/A
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
 8

 
 
HUGH J. BOLTON, FCA
Age: 70(1)
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Director Since: April 15, 2003
Independent
 
Mr. Bolton is the chair of the board of directors of EPCOR Utilities Inc. (energy and energy-related services provider), and the chairman of the board of directors of Matrikon Inc. (supplier of industrial IT solutions). Mr. Bolton is also a director of Teck Cominco Limited, The Toronto-Dominion Bank and WestJet Airlines Ltd. From 1992 to 1998, Mr. Bolton was chair and Chief Executive Partner of Coopers & Lybrand Canada (now PricewaterhouseCoopers).
MEMBER OF
ATTENDANCE
SECURITIES AND OPTIONS HELD
Board
100%
COMMON SHARES OWNED
OPTIONS HELD(4)
 
Audit Committee
100%
OR CONTROLLED(3)
     
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
100%
       
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
100%
February 2009
37,346(5)
February 2009
N/A
Strategic Planning Committee
100%
February 2008
32,270(6)
February 2008
N/A
 
 
 
AMBASSADOR GORDON D. GIFFIN
Age: 59(1)
Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.
Director Since: May 1, 2001
Independent
 
Mr. Giffin is Senior Partner, McKenna Long & Aldridge (law firm) and he was United States Ambassador to Canada from August 1997 to April 2001. Mr. Giffin is also a director of Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, Canadian Natural Resources Limited, TransAlta Corporation and Ontario Energy Savings Corp.
MEMBER OF
ATTENDANCE
SECURITIES AND OPTIONS HELD
Board
100%
COMMON SHARES OWNED
OPTIONS HELD(4)
 
Environment, Safety and Security Committee
100%
OR CONTROLLED(3)
     
Finance Committee
100%
       
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
100%
February 2009
37,412(5)
February 2009
27,000
Strategic Planning Committee
100%
February 2008
32,656(6)
February 2008
27,000
 
 
 
E. HUNTER HARRISON
Age: 64(1)
Wellington, Florida, U.S.A.
Director Since: December 7, 1999
Not Independent
 
Mr. Harrison has been President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company since January 1, 2003. He has served as Executive Vice-President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company from March 1998 to December 2002. Prior to joining CN, Mr. Harrison had been a director and President and Chief Executive Officer of the Illinois Central Corporation and the Illinois Central Railroad Company from 1993 to 1998.
MEMBER OF
ATTENDANCE
SECURITIES AND OPTIONS HELD
Board
100%
COMMON SHARES OWNED
OPTIONS HELD(4)
 
Strategic Planning Committee
100%
OR CONTROLLED(3)
     
 
 
       
 
 
February 2009
313,329
February 2009
3,595,000
  
February 2008
308,993
February 2008
3,505,000
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
 9

 
 
EDITH E. HOLIDAY
Age: 57(1)
Washington, District of Columbia,
U.S.A.
Director Since: June 1, 2001
Independent
 
Mrs. Holiday is a Corporate Director and Trustee and a former General Counsel, United States Treasury Department and Secretary of the Cabinet, The White House. Mrs. Holiday is a director of H.J. Heinz Company, Hess Corporation, RTI International Metals, Inc. and White Mountains Insurance Group, Ltd. She is also a director or trustee in various investment companies of the Franklin Templeton Group of Mutual Funds.
MEMBER OF
ATTENDANCE
SECURITIES AND OPTIONS HELD
Board
100%
COMMON SHARES OWNED
OPTIONS HELD(4)
 
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
100%
OR CONTROLLED(3)
     
Environment, Safety and Security Committee
100%
       
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
100%
February 2009
35,717(5)
February 2009
27,000
Investment Committee of CNs Pension Trust Funds(2)
100%
February 2008
31,200(6)
February 2008
27,000
Strategic Planning Committee
100%
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
V. MAUREEN KEMPSTON DARKES,
O.C., D. COMM., LL.D.
Age: 60(1)
Miramar, Florida, U.S.A.
Director Since: March 29, 1995
Not Independent
 
Mrs. Kempston Darkes is Group Vice-President and President Latin America, Africa and Middle East, General Motors Corporation. From 1994 to 2001, she was President and General Manager of General Motors of Canada Limited and Vice-President of General Motors Corporation. Mrs. Kempston Darkes is also a director of Brookfield Asset Management Inc.
MEMBER OF
ATTENDANCE
SECURITIES AND OPTIONS HELD
Board
100%
COMMON SHARES OWNED
OPTIONS HELD(4)
 
Environment, Safety and Security Committee (Chair)
100%
OR CONTROLLED(3)
     
Finance Committee
100%
       
Investment Committee of CNs Pension Trust Funds(2)
100%
February 2009
64,577(5)
February 2009
40,000
Strategic Planning Committee
100%
February 2008
59,631(6)
February 2008
40,000
 
 
 
THE HON. DENIS LOSIER, P.C., LL.D.
Age: 56(1)
Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
Director Since: October 25, 1994
Independent
 
Mr. Losier is President and Chief Executive Officer, Assumption Life (life insurance company). Between 1989 and 1994, Mr. Losier held various cabinet level positions with the government of the Province of New Brunswick. He is also a director of NAV CANADA and Plazacorp Retail Properties Ltd. and has recently been named as a member of the Security Intelligence Review Committee (Canadian Government) and as such, became a member of the Privy Council.
MEMBER OF
ATTENDANCE
SECURITIES AND OPTIONS HELD
Board
100%
COMMON SHARES OWNED
OPTIONS HELD(4)
 
Audit Committee (Chair)
100%
OR CONTROLLED(3)
     
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
100%
       
Investment Committee of CNs Pension Trust Funds(2)
100%
February 2009
87,441(5)
February 2009
39,000
Strategic Planning Committee
100%
February 2008
81,378(6)
February 2008
51,000
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
 10

 
 
THE HON. EDWARD C. LUMLEY,
P.C., LL.D.
Age: 69(1)
South Lancaster, Ontario, Canada
Director Since: July 4, 1996
Independent
 
Mr. Lumley is Vice-Chairman, BMO Capital Markets (investment bank). From 1986 to 1991, he served as chair of Noranda Manufacturing Group Inc. Mr. Lumley was a Member of Parliament from 1974 to 1984, during which time he held various cabinet portfolios in the Government of Canada. Mr. Lumley is also a director of BCE, Bell Canada and Dollar-Thrifty Automotive Group, Inc.
MEMBER OF
ATTENDANCE
SECURITIES AND OPTIONS HELD
Board
100%
COMMON SHARES OWNED
OPTIONS HELD(4)
 
Investment Committee of CNs Pension Trust Funds (Chair)(2)
100%
OR CONTROLLED(3)
     
Environment, Safety and Security Committee
100%
       
Finance Committee
100%
February 2009
87,431(5)
February 2009
      Nil
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
100%
February 2008
80,985(6)
February 2008
51,000
Strategic Planning Committee
100%
    
      
   
 
 
 
DAVID G.A. McLEAN, O.B.C., LL.D.
Age: 70(1)
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Director Since: August 31, 1994
Independent
 
Mr. McLean is board chair of the Company and chair and Chief Executive Officer, The McLean Group (real estate investment, film and television facilities, communications and aircraft charters).
MEMBER OF
ATTENDANCE
SECURITIES AND OPTIONS HELD
Board (Chair)
100%
COMMON SHARES OWNED
OPTIONS HELD(4)
 
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee (Chair)
100%
OR CONTROLLED(3)
     
Environment, Safety and Security Committee
100%
       
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
100%
February 2009
177,989(5)
February 2009
Nil
Investment Committee of CNs Pension Trust Funds(2)
100%
February 2008
164,885(6)
February 2008
Nil
Strategic Planning Committee
100%
  
 
   
  
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
 11

 
 
 
ROBERT PACE
Age: 54(1)
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Director Since: October 25, 1994
Independent
 
Mr. Pace is President and Chief Executive Officer, The Pace Group (private holding company). Mr. Pace is also a director of High Liner Foods Incorporated and Hydro One and board chair of Overland Realty Limited.
MEMBER OF
ATTENDANCE
SECURITIES AND OPTIONS HELD
Board (Chair)
100%
COMMON SHARES OWNED
OPTIONS HELD(4)
 
Human Resources and Compensation Committee (Chair)
100%
OR CONTROLLED(3)
     
Audit Committee
100%
       
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
100%
February 2009
94,975(5)
February 2009
51,000
Investment Committee of CNs Pension Trust Funds(2)
100%
February 2008
88,500(6)
February 2008
51,000
Strategic Planning Committee
100%
  
 
 
 
 
(1)  
The age of the directors is provided as at the date of the Meeting (i.e., on April 21, 2009).
(2)  
The Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds is a mixed committee composed of both members of the Board of Directors as well as officers of the Company.
(3)  
The information regarding common shares beneficially owned, controlled or directed has been furnished by the respective nominees individually and includes Directors Restricted Share Units granted as compensation to directors, but does not include common shares under options.
(4)  
The information regarding options comprises the options granted under the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan. Mr. Baillie and Mr. Bolton were not members of the Board when options were granted. No options were granted to non-executive directors since 2002. On March 8, 2005, the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan was amended to provide that option grants under such plan could no longer be made to non-executive directors.
(5)  
Includes Directors Restricted Share Units in the following amounts: A. Charles Baillie: 39,176; Hugh J. Bolton: 34,846; Ambassador Gordon D. Giffin: 14,637; Edith E. Holiday: 4,517; V. Maureen Kempston Darkes: 23,577; The Hon. Denis Losier: 33,569; The Hon. Edward C. Lumley: 34,631; David G.A. McLean: 70,079; and Robert Pace: 36,101. Pursuant to the terms of the Directors Restricted Share Units, directors or their estates can only access their Directors Restricted Share Units upon retirement, resignation or death.
(6)  
Includes Directors Restricted Share Units in the following amounts: A. Charles Baillie: 32,744; Hugh J. Bolton: 29,770; Ambassador Gordon D. Giffin: 13,481; Edith E. Holiday: 2,250; Maureen Kempston Darkes: 23,131; The Hon. Denis Losier: 28,518; The Hon. Edward C. Lumley: 28,185; David G.A. McLean: 56,975; and Robert Pace: 29,626. Pursuant to the terms of the Directors Restricted Share Units, directors or their estates can only access their Directors Restricted Share Units upon retirement, resignation or death.
 
 
Board of Directors Compensation
 
The directors of the Company play a central role in enhancing shareholder value. As indicated under “Nominees for Election to the Board Board of Directors Compensation Share Ownership” on page 14, the directors have a substantial investment in the Company. In addition, approximately 75% of the total annual remuneration of the non-executive directors for 2008 was in the form of common shares or Directors Restricted Share Units (DRSUs). Subject to the Minimum Shareholding Requirement as defined on page 14 of the Information Circular, directors may elect to receive all or part of their director, committee member, Board chair and committee chair cash retainers either in cash, common shares of the Company purchased on the open market or DRSUs. They may also elect to receive their common share retainers in DRSUs. Each DRSU entitles the beneficiary thereof to receive upon resignation, retirement or death, one common share of the Company purchased on the open market, plus additional DRSUs reflecting dividend equivalents.

The directors compensation program is designed to attract and retain the most qualified people to serve on CNs Board and committees and takes into account the risks and responsibilities of being an effective director. To reflect the Company’s extensive operations in the United States, four of the non-executive director nominees are from the United States and the compensation of the non-executive directors of the Company tends to be comparable to that of large U.S.-based companies.

In consideration for serving on the Board of Directors in 2008, it was determined that each director be compensated as indicated in the table below:
 
TYPE OF FEE
AMOUNT AND NUMBER    
OF SHARES    
Board Chair Retainer(1)
US$120,000(2) and 12,000 Shares(2)
Director Retainer(3)
US$15,000(2) and 4,500 Shares(2)
Committee Chair Retainer(4)
US$15,000(2)
Committee Member Retainer
US$3,500(2)
Board Meeting Attendance Fee
US$1,500   
Committee Meeting Attendance Fee
US$1,500   
Travel Attendance Fee
US$1,500   
 
(1)  
The Board chair receives no additional Director Retainer nor Committee Chair or Committee Member Retainer.
(2)  
The directors may choose to receive all or part of their cash retainer in common shares or DRSUs and their common share retainer can also be received in DRSUs. The common shares are purchased on the open market.
(3)  
Mr. Harrison does not receive any compensation to serve as director because he is an officer of the Company.
(4)
The committee chairs (other than the Board chair) also receive, as members of a committee, a retainer of US$3,500.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
 12

 
 
The table below reflects in detail the compensation earned by non-employee directors in the 12-month period ended December 31, 2008.
 
   
FEES EARNED (IN CASH)(1)
       
NAME OF
DIRECTOR
DIRECTOR AND
BOARD CHAIR
CASH RETAINER
(CAD$)
COMMITTEE
CHAIR CASH
RETAINER
(CAD$)
COMMITTEE
MEMBER CASH
RETAINER
(CAD$)
BOARD AND
COMMITTEE
ATTENDANCE
AND TRAVEL
FEES(2)
(CAD$)
SHARE-BASED
AWARDS (1,3,4)
(CAD$)
ALL OTHER     
COMPENSATION     
(CAD$)     
TOTAL
(CAD$)
PERCENTAGE OF
TOTAL FEES
RECEIVED
IN COMMON
SHARES AND/OR
DRSUs(7)
Michael R.Armellino
15,990
15,990
14,924
51,168
217,890
3,198(5)   
319,160
68%
A. Charles Baillie
-
-
14,924
54,366
248,073
-      
317,363
78%
Hugh J. Bolton
15,990
-
14,924
57,564
217,890
1,599(5)   
307,967
71%
J.V. Raymond Cyr
15,990
15,990
14,924
46,371
217,890
4,797(5)   
315,962
69%
Ambassador Gordon D. Giffin
15,990
-
14,924
54,366
217,890
4,797(5)   
307,967
71%
James K. Gray
-
-
-
60,762
250,588
3,198(5)   
314,548
80%
Edith E. Holiday
15,990
-
18,655
62,361
217,890
3,198(5)   
318,094
68%
V. Maureen Kempston Darkes
15,990
-
14,924
49,569
217,890
4,797(5)   
303,170
72%
Robert H. Lee
15,990
-
14,924
54,366
217,890
1,599(5)   
304,769
71%
The Hon. Denis Losier
15,990
15,990
14,924
57,564
217,890
1,599(5)   
323,957
67%
The Hon. Edward C. Lumley
-
-
-
62,361
265,680
3,198(5)   
331,239
80%
David G.A. McLean
63,960
-
-
63,960
641,406
12,731(5,6)
782,057
82%
Robert Pace
-
-
-
67,158
265,680
-
332,838
80%
TOTAL
191,880
47,970
138,047
741,936
3,414,547
44,711
4,579,091
75%
 
(1)  
All directors earned compensation in U.S. currency. Compensation received in cash was converted to Canadian dollars using the average rate of exchange of the Bank of Canada for 2008 (1.066), and compensation received in common shares or DRSUs was converted to Canadian dollars using the closing rate of exchange of the Bank of Canada (1.0061) on the first day opened for trading following the date on which the Board of Directors approved Directors Compensation (January 24, 2008).
(2)  
Includes travel fees which amounted to a total of CAD$140,712, in aggregate, for all directors.
(3)  
Includes 4,500 common shares or DRSUs received by each non-executive director as part of the Director Retainer (and 12,000 common shares or DRSUs received by the Board Chair as part of the Board Chair Retainer). The value of such grant was calculated as at January 24, 2008 using the average closing price on such date on the New York and Toronto stock exchanges (CAD$48.42).
(4)  
In addition to the common shares or DRSUs received by the directors and the Board chair as described in note (3) above, the directors and the Board chair may choose to receive all or part of their cash retainers in common shares or DRSUs. The following directors made such election: A. Charles Baillie, James K. Gray, The Hon. Edward C. Lumley, David G.A. McLean and Robert Pace. The value of such election is reflected in this column and was calculated as at January 24, 2008 using the average closing price on such date on the New York and Toronto stock exchanges (CAD$48.42).
(5)  
Such values represent committee attendance fees received in cash for attendance to meetings of board committees of which they were not members. In addition, Mr. McLean received US$6,000 for his participation in meetings of the Companys Donations Committee. Such values were converted to Canadian dollars using the average rate of exchange of the Bank of Canada for 2008 (1.066).
(6)  
Includes the value for 2008 of insurance premiums for life, accidental death and dismemberment insurance as well as 2008 medical and dental coverage for Mr. McLean in Canada and the U.S. The total cost to the Company for such benefits is equal to CAD$3,136.
(7)  
This percentage is calculated by dividing the value provided under the share-based awards column by the value provided under the total column.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
 13

 
Outstanding Option-based Awards and Share-based Awards
 
The table below reflects all awards outstanding as at December 31, 2008 with respect to non-executive directors.

   
  OPTION-BASED AWARDS(1)
SHARE-BASED AWARDS(3)
NAME OF DIRECTOR
  DATE OF GRANT AND NUMBER
OF SECURITIES UNDERLYING
UNEXERCISED OPTIONS
(#)
OPTION
EXERCISE PRICE
(CAD$)
OPTION
EXPIRATION
DATE
VALUE OF
UNEXERCISED
IN-THE-MONEY
OPTIONS(2)
(CAD$)
NUMBER OF SHARES
OR UNITS OF
SHARES THAT HAVE
NOT VESTED
(#)
MARKET OR PAYOUT
VALUE OF
SHARE-BASED
AWARDS THAT
HAVE NOT VESTED(4)
(CAD$)
Michael R. Armellino
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A. Charles Baillie
-
-
-
-
-
33,196
1,486,517
Hugh J. Bolton
-
-
-
-
-
30,181
1,351,505
J.V. Raymond Cyr
04/26/1999
12,000
14.76
04/26/2009
360,300
27,595
1,235,704
 
01/25/2000
12,000
11.67
01/25/2010
397,320
   
 
01/26/2001
15,000
16.67
01/26/2011
421,600
   
 
01/25/2002
12,000
25.59
01/25/2012
230,280
   
Ambassador
05/01/2001
15,000
19.83
05/01/2011
374,200
13,663
611,829
Gordon D. Giffin
01/25/2002
12,000
25.59
01/25/2012
230,280
   
James K. Gray
-
-
-
-
-
5,850
261,963
Edith E. Holiday
06/01/2001
15,000
20.73
06/01/2011
360,700
2,267
101,516
 
01/25/2002
12,000
25.59
01/25/2012
230,280
   
V. Maureen
04/26/1999
1,000
14.76
04/26/2009
30,025
23,449
1,050,046
Kempston Darkes
01/25/2000
12,000
11.67
01/25/2010
397,320
   
 
01/26/2001
15,000
16.67
01/26/2011
421,600
   
 
01/25/2002
12,000
25.59
01/25/2012
230,280
   
Robert H. Lee
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
The Hon.
01/25/2000
12,000
11.67
01/25/2010
397,320
28,911
1,294,635
Denis Losier
01/26/2001
15,000
16.67
01/26/2011
421,600
   
 
01/25/2002
12,000
25.59
01/25/2012
230,280
   
The Hon.
             
Edward C. Lumley
-
-
-
-
-
28,573
1,279,499
David G.A. McLean
-
-
-
-
-
57,761
2,586,538
Robert Pace
04/26/1999
12,000
14.76
04/26/2009
360,300
30,034
1,344,923
 
01/25/2000
12,000
11.67
01/25/2010
397,320
   
 
01/26/2001
15,000
16.67
01/26/2011
421,600
   
 
01/25/2002
12,000
25.59
01/25/2012
230,280
   

(1)  
Shows information regarding options held by non-executive directors under the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2008. As of the date hereof, all these options are exercisable. On March 8, 2005, the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan was amended to provide that option grants under the Plan could no longer be made to non-executive directors. While they remain participants in the Plan for previous grants, the last time non-executive directors received options was in 2002. Mr. Baillie, Mr. Bolton and Mr. Lee were not members of the Board when options were granted under the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan.
(2)  
The value of unexercised in-the-money options at financial year-end is the difference between the average closing price of the common shares on December 31, 2008 on the New York and Toronto stock exchanges (CAD$44.78) and the exercise price, using the December 31, 2008 closing exchange rate (1.2180).
(3)  
Shows information regarding Directors Restricted Share Units held by non-executive directors as of December 31, 2008. The directors may choose to receive all or part of their cash retainer in common shares or DRSUs and their common share retainer can also be received in DRSUs. Pursuant to the terms of the Directors Restricted Share Units, directors or their estates can only access their DRSUs upon retirement, resignation or death.
(4)  
The value of outstanding DRSUs is based on the average closing price of the common shares on December 31, 2008 on the New York and Toronto stock exchanges (CAD$44.78), using the December 31, 2008 closing exchange rate (1.2180).

Share Ownership

The Board has adopted a guideline stating that each non-executive director should own, within three (3) years of joining the Board, common shares, DRSUs or similar share equivalents of CN, if any, with a value of at least the higher of: (i) CAD$250,000, or (ii) three (3) times the aggregate of the annual Director retainer in cash and the annual common share or DRSU grant (and for the Board chair, the aggregate of the Board Chair annual retainer in cash and the annual common share or DRSU grant) (the “Minimum Shareholding Requirement). Each director shall continue to hold such value throughout his or her tenure as a director and the common shares, DRSUs or similar share equivalent of CN held to comply with the Minimum Shareholding Requirement shall not be the object of specific monetization procedures or other hedging procedures to reduce the exposure related to his or her holding.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
 14


Each director is required to receive at least fifty percent (50%) of his or her annual Director, committee, Board chair and committee chair cash retainers in common shares or DRSUs of CN and may elect to receive up to one hundred percent (100%) of such retainers in common shares or DRSUs of CN until his or her Minimum Shareholding Requirement is met. Once the Minimum Shareholding Requirement is met, directors may elect to receive up to one hundred percent (100%) of such retainers in common shares or DRSUs of CN. As of the date hereof, the average value of common shares (including DRSUs) of the Company owned by non-executive directors is approximately CAD$3,284,836 (based on the February 27, 2009, average closing price of the common shares of the Company on the Toronto and New York stock exchanges of CAD$41.00).

The following table provides information on the value of common shares and DRSUs owned by the Companys current directors, the value at risk as a multiple of each directors annual retainer and the amount needed to meet the Minimum Shareholding Requirement.
 
DIRECTOR
YEAR(1)
NUMBER OF
COMMON SHARES
OWNED,
CONTROLLED
OR DIRECTED
NUMBER OF
DRSUs HELD
TOTAL NUMBER
OF COMMON
SHARES OWNED,
CONTROLLED OR
DIRECTED
AND DRSUs
GUIDELINE MET () OR INVESTMENT REQUIRED TO MEET GUIDELINE
(CAD$)
TOTAL VALUE
OF COMMON
SHARES AND DRSUs
(VALUE AT RISK)(2)
(CAD$)
VALUE AT RISK
AS MULTIPLE OF
ANNUAL RETAINER
Michael R. Armellino
2009
106,650
-
106,650
     
 
2008
102,150
-
102,150
4,372,980
21
 
Net change
4,500
-
4,500
     
A. Charles Baillie
2009
94,600
39,176
133,776
     
 
2008
94,600
32,744
127,344
5,485,230
27
 
Net change
-
6,432
6,432
     
Hugh J. Bolton
2009
2,500
34,846
37,346
     
 
2008
2,500
29,770
32,270
1,531,301
8
 
Net change
-
5,076
5,076
     
Ambassador
2009
22,775
14,637
37,412
     
Gordon D. Giffin
2008
19,175
13,481
32,656
1,534,008
8
 
Net change
3,600
1,156
4,756
     
James K. Gray
2009
61,798
5,881
67,679
     
 
2008
57,298
5,774
63,072
2,775,048
14
 
Net change
4,500
107
4,607
     
E. Hunter Harrison
2009
313,329
-
313,329
     
 
2008
308,993
-
308,993
12,847,449
N/A
 
Net change
4,336
-
4,336
     
Edith E. Holiday
2009
31,200
4,517
35,717
     
 
2008
28,950
2,250
31,200
1,464,507
7
 
Net change
2,250
2,267
4,517
     
V. Maureen
2009
41,000
23,577
64,577
     
Kempston Darkes
2008
36,500
23,131
59,631
2,647,857
13
 
Net change
4,500
446
4,946
     
Robert H. Lee
2009
33,500
-
33,500
     
 
2008
29,000
-
29,000
1,373,604
7
 
Net change
4,500
-
4,500
     
The Hon. Denis Losier
2009
53,872
33,569
87,441
     
 
2008
52,860
28,518
81,378
3,585,351
18
 
Net change
1,012
5,051
6,063
     
The Hon.
2009
52,800
34,631
87,431
     
Edward C. Lumley
2008
52,800
28,185
80,985
3,584,941
18
 
Net change
-
6,446
6,446
     
David G.A. McLean
2009
107,910
70,079
177,989
     
 
2008
107,910
56,975
164,885
7,298,099
11
 
Net change
-
13,104
13,104
     
Robert Pace
2009
58,874
36,101
94,975
   
   
 
2008
58,874
29,626
88,500
3,894,269
19
 
Net change
-
6,475
6,475
     
 
(1) 
The number of common shares and DRSUs held by each director for 2009 is as at February 27, 2009 and for 2008 is as at February 29, 2008.
(2) 
The total value is based on the February 27, 2009 average closing price of the common shares on the Toronto and New York stock exchanges (CAD$41.00).
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
 15

 
Board and Committee Attendance

The tables below show the record of attendance by directors at meetings of the Board and its committees, as well as the number of Board and Board committee meetings held during the 12-month period ended December 31, 2008.
 
   
NUMBER AND % OF MEETINGS ATTENDED
DIRECTOR(1)
BOARD
AUDIT
COMMITTEE
CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE
AND
NOMINATING
COMMITTEE
ENVI-
RONMENT,
SAFETY AND
SECURITY
COMMITTEE
FINANCE
COMMITTEE
HUMAN
RESOURCES
AND COM-
PENSATION
COMMITTEE
INVESTMENT
COMMITTEE
OF CNS
PENSION
TRUST FUNDS
STRATEGIC
PLANNING
COMMITTEE
COMMITTEES
(TOTAL)
OVERALL
ATTENDANCE
Michael R. Armellino
8/10 
6/6
-
-
4/4
-
5/5
3/3
18/18 
26/28 
 
(80%)
           
(Chair)
(100%)
(93%)
A. Charles Baillie
10/10 
5/6
-
-
4/4
5/5
-
3/3
17/18 
27/28 
 
(100%)
     
(Chair)
     
(94%)
(96%)
Hugh J. Bolton
10/10 
6/6
5/5
-
-
5/5
-
3/3
19/19 
29/29 
 
(100%)
             
(100%)
(100%)
J.V. Raymond Cyr(2)
10/10 
-
5/5
4/4
-
-
5/5
3/3
17/17 
27/27 
 
(100%)
   
(Chair)
       
(100%)
(100%)
Ambassador
10/10 
-
-
4/4
4/4
5/5
-
3/3
16/16 
26/26 
Gordon D. Giffin
(100%)
             
(100%)
(100%)
James K. Gray(3)
10/10 
-
4/5
3/4
-
5/5
5/5
3/3
20/22 
30/32 
 
(100%)
             
(91%)
(94%)
E. Hunter Harrison
10/10 
-
-
-
-
-
-
3/3
3/3 
13/13 
 
(100%)
             
(100%)
(100%)
Edith E. Holiday
10/10 
-
5/5
4/4
-
5/5
5/5
3/3
22/22 
32/32 
 
(100%)
             
(100%)
(100%)
V. Maureen
10/10 
-
-
4/4
4/4
-
5/5
3/3
16/16 
26/26 
Kempston Darkes
(100%)
             
(100%)
(100%)
Robert H. Lee(3)
10/10 
5/6
-
-
4/4
-
5/5
3/3
17/18 
27/28 
 
(100%)
             
(94%)
(96%)
The Hon. Denis Losier
10/10 
6/6
5/5
-
-
-
5/5
3/3
19/19 
29/29 
 
(100%)
(Chair)
           
(100%)
(100%)
The Hon.
10/10 
-
-
4/4
4/4
5/5
5/5
3/3
21/21 
31/31 
Edward C. Lumley
(100%)
         
(Chair)
 
(100%)
(100%)
David G.A. McLean
10/10 
-
5/5
4/4
-
5/5
5/5
3/3
22/22 
32/32 
 
(100%)
 
(Chair)
         
(100%)
(100%)
 
(Chair)
                 
Robert Pace
10/10 
6/6
5/5
-
-
5/5
5/5
3/3
24/24 
34/34 
 
(100%)
       
(Chair)
   
(100%)
(100%)

(1)
All Board members, other than the members of such following committees, attended on a non-voting basis the Human Resources and Compensation Committee meeting held in January 2008 and the Audit Committee meetings held in April 2008 and July 2008. In addition, Hugh J. Bolton and Ambassador Gordon D. Giffin attended on a non-voting basis the Investment Committee meeting held in September 2008 and Michael R. Armellino attended on a non-voting basis the Human Resources and Compensation Committee meeting held in December 2008.
(2)
J.V. Raymond Cyr retired from the Board on January 4, 2009. Upon his retirement, V. Maureen Kempston Darkes was appointed Chair of the Environment, Safety and Security Committee.
(3)
James K. Gray and Robert H. Lee will retire from the Board on the date of the Meeting.

BOARD AND BOARD COMMITTEE MEETINGS
NUMBER OF MEETINGS HELD
Board
10
Audit Committee
6
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
5
Environment, Safety and Security Committee
4
Finance Committee
4
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
5
Investment Committee of CNs Pension Trust Funds
5
Strategic Planning Committee
3


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Additional Disclosure Relating to Directors
 
As of the date hereof, to the knowledge of the Company and based upon information provided to it by the nominees for election to the Board of Directors, no such nominee is or has been, in the last 10 years, a director or executive officer of any company that, while such person was acting in that capacity or within a year of that person ceasing to act in that capacity, became bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency or was subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold its assets, except for the following:
 
(i)
Mr. Baillie, a director of the Company, was a director of Dana Corporation which filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code on March 3, 2006. Dana’s European, South American, Asian-Pacific, Canadian and Mexican subsidiaries are not included in the Chapter 11 filing. Dana Corporation successfully emerged from Chapter 11 reorganization in February 2008. Mr. Baillie is no longer a director of Dana Corporation; and  
 
(ii)
Mr. Lumley, a director of the Company, was a director of Air Canada when it voluntarily filed for protection under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (“CCAA”) in April 2003. Air Canada successfully emerged from the CCAA proceedings and was restructured pursuant to a plan of arrangement in September 2004. Mr. Lumley is no longer a director of Air Canada.


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STATEMENT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES

General
We are committed to adhering to the highest standards of corporate governance and our corporate governance practices were designed in a manner consistent with this objective. The role, specific mandate and functioning rules of the Board of Directors and of each of its committees are set forth in our Corporate Governance Manual which was formally approved by the Board of Directors on January 21, 2003, and last updated on March 3, 2009. Our Corporate Governance Manual is available on our website at www.cn.ca/governance. It is revised regularly with a view to continually improving our practices by assessing their effectiveness and comparing them with evolving practices, the changing circumstances and our needs. Our Corporate Governance Manual forms part of the documentation given to all persons elected or appointed to the Board of Directors.
 
As a Canadian reporting issuer with securities listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX) and the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE), our corporate governance practices comply with applicable rules adopted by the Canadian Securities Administrators (the “CSA) and applicable provisions of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act) and related rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC). We are exempted from complying with many of the NYSE corporate governance rules, provided that we comply with Canadian governance requirements. Except as summarized on our website at www.cn.ca/governance, our governance practices, however, comply with the NYSE corporate governance rules in all significant respects.
 
The CSA adopted, in June 2005, National Instrument 58-101 - Disclosure of Corporate Governance Practices (the “Disclosure Instrument) and National Policy 58-201  Corporate Governance Guidelines (the “Governance Policy). The Governance Policy provides guidance on governance practices to Canadian issuers, while the Disclosure Instrument requires issuers to make the prescribed disclosure regarding their own governance practices. The Company believes that its corporate governance practices meet and exceed the requirements of the Disclosure Instrument and the Governance Policy. The text and footnotes set forth hereunder refer to the items of the Disclosure Instrument as well as to the guidelines of the Governance Policy, where applicable. The Company also refers, where appropriate, to the NYSE Corporate Governance Standards (the “NYSE Standards).
 
The Board of Directors is of the opinion that the Companys corporate governance practices are well designed to assist the Company in achieving its principal corporate objective, which is the enhancement of shareholder value. The mandate of the Board is set out in Schedule “A” to this Information Circular.(1) The Board of Directors has approved the disclosure of the Companys governance practices described below, on the recommendation of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee.

Code of Business Conduct(2)
This year, the Board of Directors has reviewed and updated its Code of Business Conduct to ensure that it is consistent with current industry trends and standards; clearly communicates CNs organizational mission, values, and principles; and most importantly, serves as a ready reference guide for any employees to support everyday decision making. The Code is applicable to directors, officers and employees of CN. It addresses several matters, including conflict of interests, protection and proper use of corporate assets and opportunities, confidentiality of corporate information, fair dealing, compliance with laws and reporting of any illegal or unethical behaviour. No waiver has ever been granted to a director or executive officer in connection therewith. The Code is available on our website at www.cn.ca/governance and in print to any shareholder who requests copies by contacting our Corporate Secretary. The Code has also been filed with the Canadian and U.S. securities regulatory authorities.
 
THE CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT WAS REVIEWED AND UPDATED IN 2008.
 
The Board, through its Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, reviews, monitors and oversees the disclosure relating to the Companys Code of Business Conduct. Each year, management reports to such committee on the implementation of the Code within the organization and on any material contravention by employees of the Company to the provisions of the Code. No material change report has ever been filed or required to be filed pertaining to any conduct of a director or executive officer constituting a departure from the Code.
 
The Board requests every director to disclose any direct or indirect interest he or she has in any organization, business or association, which could place the director in a conflict of interest. Every year, a questionnaire is sent to each director to make sure that the director is in no such conflict that has not been disclosed. Should there be a discussion or decision relating to an organization, business or association in which a director has an interest, the Board would request such director not to participate or vote in any such discussion or decision.
 
 

(1)
Form 58-101F1 of the Disclosure Instrument (“Form 58-101F1”), section 2; Governance Policy, section 3.4.
(2) 
Form 58-101F1, section 5; Governance Policy, sections 3.8 and 3.9.
 
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The Company believes that ethical business conduct is an important part of its success. Hence, the mandate of the Board attached as Schedule “A” to this Information Circular states that the Board has the responsibility for overseeing management in the competent and ethical operation of the Company. As part of the Companys Code of Business Conduct, the employees are also required to avoid outside interests that may impair or appear to impair the effective performance of their responsibilities to the Company and be fair and impartial in all dealings with customers, suppliers and partners. A key person in the implementation of the Companys Code of Business Conduct is CNs Ombudsman, who presents reports to the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. The office of the Ombudsman offers a confidential, neutral and informal avenue which facilitates fair and equitable resolutions to concerns arising within the Company.
 
The Board of Directors also adopted procedures allowing interested parties (i) to submit accounting and auditing complaints or concerns to us and (ii) to communicate directly with the Chairman, who presides over all non-management director sessions. These procedures are described on our website at www.cn.ca/governance. The Code of Business Conduct provides that concerns of employees regarding any potential or real wrongdoing in terms of accounting or auditing matters may be submitted confidentially through CNs Hot Line.

Independence of Directors(1)
To better align the interests of the Board of Directors with those of our shareholders, the substantial majority of the nominees for election to the Board of Directors are independent. In determining whether a director is an independent director, the Board of Directors applies the standards developed by the Canadian securities regulatory authorities and the NYSE and the additional standards adopted by the Board. These standards are set out in CNs Corporate Governance Manual which is available on our website at www.cn.ca/governance.

9 OF THE 11 NOMINEES FOR ELECTION TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS ARE INDEPENDENT.
 
As shown in the following table, of the 13 current directors, 11 are independent, and 9 of the 11 nominees for election to the Board of Directors are independent:
 
INDEPENDENCE STATUS
NAME
INDEPENDENT
NOT INDEPENDENT
REASON
FOR NON-
INDEPENDENCE
STATUS
Michael R. Armellino
   
A. Charles Baillie
   
Hugh J. Bolton
   
Ambassador
   
Gordon D. Giffin
     
James K. Gray
   
E. Hunter Harrison
 
President and
Chief Executive
Officer of
the Company
Edith E. Holiday
   
V. Maureen
Kempston Darkes
 
Senior executive
of a major
customer of
the Company
Robert H. Lee
   
The Hon. Denis Losier
   
The Hon.
Edward C. Lumley
   
David G.A. McLean
   
Robert Pace
   
 
Independent Chairman of the Board(2)
The Companys Board is led by a non-executive Chairman since its privatisation in 1995 and we believe that the separation of the positions of CEO and Chairman contributes to allowing the Board to function independently of management. Hence, our Corporate Governance Manual provides that the Board chair must be an independent director who is designated by the Board. Mr. David G.A. McLean, who has been a director of the Company since 1994, is the independent Board chair. The Corporate Governance Manual describes the responsibilities of the Chairman. The key role of the Board chair is to take all reasonable measures to ensure that the Board (i) has structures and procedures in place to enable it to function independently of management, (ii) carries out its responsibilities effectively and (iii) clearly understands and respects the boundaries between the responsibilities of the Board and those of management.

Position Descriptions(3)
Our Corporate Governance Manual includes position descriptions for the Board chair and the Board committee chairs, as well as a position description for the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company.




(1)
Form 58-101F1, sections 1(a), (b) and (c); Governance Policy, section 3.1.
(2)
Form 58-101F1, section 1(f); Governance Policy, section 3.2.
(3)
Form 58-101F1, sections 3(a) and (b); Governance Policy, section 3.5.
 

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Election of Directors
The Board of Directors has adopted a policy, which is part of our Corporate Governance Manual, to the effect that a nominee for election as a director of the Company who receives a greater number of votes “withheld” than votes “for”, with respect to the election of directors by shareholders, will be expected to offer to tender his or her resignation to the Chairman promptly following the meeting of shareholders at which the director is elected. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee will consider such offer and make a recommendation to the Board of Directors whether to accept it or not. The Board of Directors will make its decision and announce it in a press release within 90 days following the meeting of shareholders. The director who offered to tender his or her resignation should not be part of any committee or Board of Directors deliberations pertaining to the resignation offer. This policy only applies in circumstances involving an uncontested election of directors. An “uncontested election of directors means that the number of director nominees is the same as the number of directors to be elected to the Board and that no proxy material is circulated in support of one or more nominees who are not part of the candidates supported by the Board of Directors.
 
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS HAS ADOPTED A MAJORITY VOTING POLICY.
 
Committees of the Board(1)
Given our size, the nature and geographical scope of our activities and the great number of laws and regulations to which we are subject, the Board of Directors has subdivided its supervision mandate into six areas and has established committees that have certain responsibilities for such areas. These committees are the Audit Committee, the Finance Committee, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, the Human Resources and Compensation Committee, the Environment, Safety and Security Committee and the Strategic Planning Committee and their charters are available as part of CNs Corporate Governance Manual. The Board of Directors also established the Investment Committee of CNs Pension Trust Funds which is a mixed committee composed of members of the Board of Directors as well as officers of the Company. All committees report to the Board of Directors and, subject to certain limited exceptions, there are no standing delegations of the Board of Directors decision-making authority to committees.
 
The following is a brief summary of the mandate of each committee of the Board of Directors.
 
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee has the responsibility of overseeing the Companys financial reporting, monitoring risk management, internal controls and internal and external auditors. The mandate of the Audit Committee and its 2008 main activities are further described in the section entitled “Statement of Corporate Governance Practices  Audit Committee Disclosure” at page 25 of this Information Circular.
 
Finance Committee
The Finance Committee has the responsibility of overseeing the Companys financial policies, reviewing financings and authorizing, approving and recommending certain financial activities. As part of these responsibilities, the Finance Committee provides oversight with respect to our capital structure, cash flows and key financial ratios, reviews the opportunities and parameters for debt or equity financing, reviews financing documents and, within the scope of its authority levels established by the Board, may authorize the borrowing of money, the issuing of debt securities or the engaging in other forms of financing, or makes recommendations to the Board thereon. This Committee was created in April 2005 as a result of the division of the former Audit, Finance and Risk Committee into two separate Committees. The responsibilities, powers and operation of the Finance Committee are further described in the charter of such committee which is included in our Corporate Governance Manual.
 
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee has the responsibility of monitoring the composition of the Board of Directors and its committees and overseeing corporate governance matters. As part of its responsibilities, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee develops, reviews and monitors criteria for selecting directors, including required or desired competencies and skills to improve the Board of Directors and, in consultation with the Board chair, identifies candidates qualified to become Board members.(2) This Committee reviews the corporate governance guidelines applicable to the Company, recommends any change that should be made thereto and monitors the disclosure of its practices. The responsibilities, powers and operation of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee are further described in the charter of such committee which is included in our Corporate Governance Manual.(3)
 
The charter of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee provides that such committee must be composed solely of independent directors. As at March 3, 2009, all members of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee are independent.(4)


(1)
Form 58-101F1, section 8.
(2)
Governance Policy, section 3.13.
(3)
Form 58-101F1, section 6(c); Governance Policy, section 3.11.
(4)
Form 58-101F1, section 6(b); Governance Policy, section 3.10. The NYSE Standards state that a board should appoint a nominating committee composed entirely of independent directors and that such committee should have a written charter. The Board has adopted a written mandate for the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee pursuant to which such committee must be composed solely of independent directors.
 
 
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The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee annually reviews with the Board chair and makes recommendations to the Board on the adequacy and form of compensation for non-executive directors. See the section entitled “Nominees for Election to the Board  Board of Directors Compensation” of this Information Circular for additional information on compensation received by directors in 2008.(1)
 
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
The Human Resources and Compensation Committee has the responsibility of monitoring executive managements performance assessment and succession planning. This Committee also has the mandate to review human resources practices by ensuring, amongst other things, that appropriate human resources systems are in place so that the Company can attract, motivate and retain the quality of personnel required to meet its business objectives. The mandate of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee and its 2008 main activities are further described in the section entitled “Statement of Executive Compensation  Human Resources and Compensation Committee” at page 29 of this Information Circular and in the charter of such committee which is included in our Corporate Governance Manual. The Human Resources and Compensation Committee must be composed solely of independent directors. As at March 3, 2009, all members of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee are independent.(2)
 
Reference is also made to the subsection entitled “Statement of Executive Compensation  Human Resources and Compensation Committee - Executive Compensation Consultants” at page 30 of this Information Circular for disclosure in respect of executive compensation consultants.(3)
 
Environment, Safety and Security Committee
The Environment, Safety and Security Committee has the responsibility, amongst other things, of overseeing the development and implementation of environmental, safety and security policies, assessing environmental, safety and security practices, and reviewing the Companys business plan to ascertain whether environmental, safety and security issues are adequately taken into consideration. The responsibilities, powers and operation of the Environment, Safety and Security Committee are further described in the charter of such committee which is included in our Corporate Governance Manual.
 
Strategic Planning Committee
The Strategic Planning Committee focuses on financial and strategic issues, including the review of the key assumptions underlying the Companys business plan. It also reviews, with the President and Chief Executive Officer and other appropriate executive officers, the Companys business plan and capital budget prior to their formal approval by the Board of Directors. The responsibilities, powers and operation of the Strategic Planning Committee are further described in the charter of such committee which is included in our Corporate Governance Manual.
 
Investment Committee of CNs Pension Trust Funds
The Investment Committee of CNs Pension Trust Funds, which is a mixed committee composed of directors and officers, has the responsibility, amongst other things, of reviewing the activities of the Investment Division, advising the Investment Division on investment of assets of CNs Pension Trust Funds and approving certain of the investments made by CNs Pension Trust Funds. The responsibilities, powers and operation of the Investment Committee of CNs Pension Trust Funds are further described in the charter of such committee which is included in our Corporate Governance Manual.
 
Board and Committee Meetings
 
Process
 
The Board chair, in collaboration with the Corporate Secretary, has the responsibility of establishing a schedule for the meetings of the Board of Directors and its committees. During such process, the Corporate Secretary, in collaboration with the committee chairs and the appropriate executive officers, establishes committee working plans for the year. We believe that proceeding in this manner helps in the preparation of in-depth presentations conducive to meaningful information sessions and discussions while allowing management to plan ahead. If during the course of the year events or circumstances require Board or committee action or consideration, additional meetings are called. The total number of meetings and the attendance record for each director for all board and committee meetings held during the course of 2008 are set out in the section entitled “Nominees for Election to the Board  Board and Committee Attendance” of this Information Circular.(4)

IN CAMERA SESSIONS ARE HELD BY NON-MANAGEMENT BOARD MEMBERS AT EVERY IN-PERSON MEETING OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
 

(1)  
Form 58-101F1, section 7(a) and Governance Policy, section 3.17(b) (regarding directors).
(2)  
Form 58-101F1, sections 7(a), (b) and (c) and Governance Policy, sections 3.15, 3.16 and 3.17 (regarding officers). The NYSE Standards state that the CEOs compensation should be determined by the corporations compensation committee or by all independent directors of the corporation. Our Corporate Governance Manual provides that the CEOs compensation is determined by the Companys independent directors only. The NYSE Standards state that a board should appoint a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors and that such committee should have a written charter. The Board has adopted a written mandate for the Human Resources and Compensation Committee pursuant to which such committee must be composed solely of independent directors.
(3)  
Form 58-101F1, section 7(d).
(4)  
Form 58-101F1, section 1(g).
 

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Communication regularly takes place between the Board chair and the President and Chief Executive Officer and, through the Office of the Corporate Secretary, between executive officers having responsibilities for matters placed under the supervision of particular committees and the chairs of such committees. This open communication ensures that all meaningful information concerning the affairs and progress of the Company are transmitted to those members of the Board of Directors or committees having special supervisory responsibilities.
 
In Camera Meetings
The non-management Board members meet before or after every in-person meeting of the Board of Directors in in camera sessions, without the presence of management and under the chairmanship of the Board chair. An in camera session including only independent directors is also held at least once a year. During the financial year ended December 31, 2008, there was one session that was attended only by independent directors.(1)

Board Performance Assessment(2)
The Board of Directors has implemented, and reviews, from time to time, a process to annually assess its effectiveness, the effectiveness of its committees, the Board chair, the committee chairs and individual directors. This process is under the supervision of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and the Board chair and is comprised of the following steps:
 
The following questionnaires are prepared by the Office of the Corporate Secretary and approved by the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and the Board chair, taking into account current issues, the findings of previous years and input from the Board of Directors:
 
Board and committee performance evaluation questionnaires, including a self-assessment by individual directors;
 
a Board chair evaluation questionnaire; and
 
committee chair evaluation questionnaires.
 
Each questionnaire is then sent to every director and a complete set of the responses is forwarded to the Board chair, except for the responses to the Board chair and Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee chair evaluation questionnaires, which are forwarded directly to each of the chairs of the Audit Committee and the Human Resources and Compensation Committee.
 
Following receipt of the completed questionnaires, the Board chair contacts every director to discuss the answers received from and in respect of such director and any comments to the questionnaires which the director may have and to review the self-evaluation of each director. One of the Audit Committee or Human Resources and Compensation Committee chairs also discusses individually with each director his or her responses and comments on the Board chair and Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee chair evaluation questionnaires.
 
Reports are then made by the Board chair and the Audit Committee and Human Resources and Compensation Committee chairs to the Board of Directors, with suggestions to improve the effectiveness of the Board of Directors, Board committees, Board and committee chairs and separately to individual directors in respect of their personal performance.
 
The Board chair and committee chairs take into consideration the overall results and suggestions derived from the annual Board performance assessment in order to improve the functioning and activities of the Board and Board committees.
 
THE BOARD ASSESSMENT PROCESS IS CONDUCTED ANNUALLY AND IS COMPRISED OF VARIOUS ASSESSMENT TOOLS.
 
Independent Advisor
In addition to the above-mentioned process, the Board may, from time to time, hire an independent advisor to assess or assist the Board of Directors in independently assessing the performance of the Board of Directors, Board committees, Board and committee chairs and individual directors.
 
Peer Assessment
At the end of 2007, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and the Board carried out an individual director peer assessment with the assistance of an independent advisor, as it was done in 2004. In 2008, no such assessment was deemed necessary given the fact that one was carried out in 2007 and that there had been no change in the composition of the Board. However, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee will reconsider on an annual basis the appropriateness of conducting another peer assessment. In 2007, the process involved peer assessment questionnaires which were completed by each director and forwarded directly and confidentially to the advisor. Responses were then consolidated in an individual director report and distributed by the advisor directly to each director, as well as to the Board chair, and a report was made by the Board chair to the Board of Directors.
 
The Board performance assessment process is further described in CNs Corporate Governance Manual which is available on our website at www.cn.ca/governance.

Director Selection(3)

Review of Credentials
In consultation with the Board chair, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee annually reviews the credentials of nominees for election or re-election as members of the Board of Directors. It considers their qualifications under applicable law,


(1)
Form 58-101F1, section 1(e); Governance Policy, section 3.3.
(2)
Form 58-101F1, section 9; Governance Policy, section 3.18.
(3) 
Form 58-101F1, section 6(a); Governance Policy, sections 3.12, 3.13 and 3.14.
 

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the validity of the credentials underlying each nomination, and, for nominees who are already directors of the Company, an evaluation of their effectiveness and performance as members of the Board of Directors, including their attendance at Board and committee meetings.
 
Competency Matrix
In proposing the list of Board nominees, the Board of Directors is guided by the process described in our Corporate Governance Manual, which is posted on our website at www.cn.ca/governance. As part of the process, the Board chair, in consultation with the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, develops a competency matrix based on knowledge areas, types of expertise and geographical representation and identifies any gaps to be addressed in the director nomination process. The Board ensures that the skill set developed by directors, through their business expertise and experience, meets the needs of the Board. The Board also takes into consideration the representativity, both in terms of experience and geographical location, of each candidate to the Board. This competency matrix is reviewed regularly by the Board chair with Board members, and is updated as may be required.
 
The following table identifies some of the skills and other factors considered as part of the competency matrix developed by the Board chair and the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee:
 
   
Number of current directors
   
who meet the criteria
Sale/Marketing
11
Finance
12
Accounting
6
Legal
5
Strategy
13
Human Resources
9
Engineering/Environment
2
Knowledge of transport industry
13
Public policy
13

Common Directorships
With a view to further strengthen directors independence, the Board has adopted a policy pursuant to which a director shall not accept the invitation to join an outside board on which a director of CN already sits without previously obtaining the approval of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. In addition, the Board has adopted a policy, which is included in our Corporate Governance Manual, to the effect that no more than two of the Companys directors should generally serve on the same outside board.
 
As of February 27, 2009, no members of our Board of Directors served together on the boards of other public companies.
 
 
Number of Directorships
CN recognizes that Board membership requires a significant dedication of time. As a result, the number of boards on which an individual can serve is necessarily limited. With a view to taking reasonable steps to ensure the ability of each candidate to make the commitment of time necessary to be a director of CN, the Board will apply the following guidelines when considering candidates to become directors of CN:
 
  
for candidates that are chief executive officers or other senior executives of public corporations, the Board will prefer individuals who hold no more than two (2) public corporation directorships (excluding CNs Board) in addition to membership on the board of the corporation at which an individual is employed;
 
  
for candidates that have a full-time employment with non-public corporations or other entities and for full-time employees of public corporations (other than chief executive officers or senior executives of such public corporations), the Board will prefer individuals who hold no more than four (4) public corporation directorships (excluding CNs Board) in addition to membership on the board of the corporation at which an individual is employed; and
 
  
for other candidates, the Board will prefer individuals who hold no more than five (5) public corporation directorships (excluding CNs Board).
 
Directors are expected to provide the Board chair with information as to all boards of directors that they sit on or that they have been asked to join so as to allow the Board to determine whether it is appropriate for such director to continue to serve as a member of the Board or of a Board Committee. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and the Board chair will apply Board nominee selection criteria, including directors past contributions to the Board and availability to devote sufficient time to fulfill their responsibilities, prior to recommending directors for re-election for another term.
 
THE BOARD HAS ADOPTED A POLICY LIMITING THE NUMBER OF DIRECTORS SERVING ON THE SAME OUTSIDE BOARD.
 
The biographies on pages 8 to 12 of this Information Circular identify the other reporting issuers of which each nominee is a director.(1)
 
Evergreen List
In order to assist the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and the Board chair in recommending candidates to become directors of CN, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee has constituted, together with the Board chair, a list of potential Board candidates, which it updates from time to time.
 

(1)     Form 58-101F1, section 1(d).
 

 
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Retirement from the Board
The Board has also adopted a policy on the mandatory retirement age for directors whereby a director would not, unless otherwise determined by the Board, in its discretion, be nominated for re-election at the annual meeting of shareholders following his or her seventy-fifth birthday. In addition, directors are expected to inform the Board chair of any major change in their principal occupation so that the Board will have the opportunity to decide the appropriateness of such directors continuance as a member of the Board or of a Board committee. The Board of Directors has not deemed it appropriate or necessary to limit the number of terms a director may serve on the Board.

Director Emeritus
The Board of Directors confers, from time to time, the honorary status of Director Emeritus to retiring or former directors who have made significant contributions to the Board through long and distinguished service and accomplishments. Currently, the lifetime emeritus status has been bestowed upon Purdy Crawford and Cedric Ritchie and will be bestowed upon Raymond Cyr and James K. Gray as at the Meeting.
 
From time to time, Directors Emeritus may be invited, as guests, to attend meetings of the Board or any committee of the Board and, if present, may participate in the discussions occurring at such meetings. Directors Emeritus shall not be counted for the purpose of determining whether a quorum of the Board or a committee of the Board is present nor shall they vote or receive compensation for such participation. Directors Emeritus are also invited to attend the Annual Meeting of Shareholders and Company or Board functions and are reimbursed for reasonable travel and other out-of-pocket expenses in connection with attendance at such events.

Board Tenure
The following chart shows the tenure of the Companys Board as of February 27, 2009:
 

Please refer to the biographies on pages 8 to 12 for details regarding length of Board tenure of each nominee for election as directors.

Director Orientation and Continuing Education(1)

Orientation
New directors are provided with a Directors handbook containing corporate and other information required to familiarize themselves with the Company, its organization and operations. Our orientation programs include presentations by the Companys officers on the Companys organizational structure and the nature and operation of its business, a review with the Board chair of the methods of operation and the roles of the Board and its committees, a discussion on the contribution individual directors are expected to make and access to appropriate information or outside resources as required.
 
Continuing Education
The Board chair arranges for Board members to have access to education and information on an ongoing basis pertaining to Board effectiveness and the best practices associated with successful boards, briefings on factors or emerging trends that may be relevant to the Companys business strategy and other material as deemed appropriate by the Board chair. The Company also makes available, at its cost, a host of educational programs provided by leading institutions. We encourage directors to attend seminars and other educational programs and to report back to the Board on the quality of such programs. Educational reading materials on corporate governance and other topics are also included in the materials provided to the Board in advance of meetings.
 
EDUCATIONAL READING MATERIALS AND PRESENTATIONS WERE PROVIDED TO BOARD MEMBERS ON A VARIETY OF MATTERS AND TOPICS.
 
In 2008, Board members were provided with educational reading materials and presentations on a variety of matters and topics, including:
  
corporate governance;
  
executive compensation;
●  
executive succession planning;
●  
financial strategy, risk assessment and disclosure;
●  
key accounting considerations; and
●  
current Sarbanes-Oxley Act requirements.

Moreover, the directors have been provided with first-hand opportunities to visit certain sites in which CN is making significant investments, such as the intermodal terminals in Prince George and at the Port of Prince Rupert. They have also visited certain of CNs main yards, as well as our Information Technology command center. During such events, the Board had the opportunity to interact with CN officers to gain a full appreciation of such strategic projects and to learn more about CNs overall operations.
 

(1) 
Form 58-101F1, sections 4(a) and (b); Governance Policy, sections 3.6 and 3.7.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
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Audit Committee Disclosure
National Instrument 52-110 - Audit Committees
(“NI 52-110) of the Canadian securities regulatory authorities requires issuers to include the charter of their audit committee and disclose information with respect to the composition, education and experience of the members of their audit committees, as well as all fees paid to external auditors in their annual information form. We comply with the requirements regarding composition and responsibilities, as summarized hereinafter, and we refer you to Schedule “A” of our Annual Information Form available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on our website at www.cn.ca/governance with regards to the charter of our Audit Committee.(1)
 
Composition of the Audit Committee
The Audit Committee is composed of six independent directors, namely, Denis Losier, chair of the Committee, Michael R. Armellino, A. Charles Baillie, Hugh J. Bolton, Robert H. Lee and Robert Pace. No member of the Audit Committee receives, other than in his or her capacity as a director or member of a Board committee, directly or indirectly, any fee from the Company or any subsidiary of the Company, nor is an affiliated person of the Company, or any subsidiary of the Company.(2)
 
THE AUDIT COMMITTEE IS COMPOSED OF SIX INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS.
 
Mandate of the Audit Committee
The committees responsibilities can be divided in four categories:

  
overseeing financial reporting;
  
monitoring risk management and internal controls;
  
monitoring internal auditors;
  
monitoring external auditors.

They include the following:

OVERSEEING FINANCIAL REPORTING
The mandate of the Audit Committee provides that the committee is responsible for reviewing, with management and the external auditors, the annual and quarterly financial statements of the Company and accompanying information, including the Companys MD&A disclosure and earnings press releases, prior to their release, filing and distribution. The mandate also provides that the committee should review the procedures in place for the review of the Companys disclosure of financial information extracted or derived from the Companys financial statements and periodically assess the adequacy of those procedures.(3)
 
The Audit Committee is also responsible for reviewing the financial information contained in the annual information form and other reports or documents, financial or otherwise, requiring Board approval.
 
Furthermore, the Audit Committee is in charge of reviewing the results of the external audit, any significant problems encountered in performing the audit, and managements response and/or action plan related to any Management Letter issued by the external auditors and any significant recommendations contained therein.
 
MONITORING RISK MANAGEMENT AND INTERNAL CONTROLS
The Audit Committee is responsible for receiving periodically managements report assessing the adequacy and effectiveness of CNs disclosure controls and procedures and systems of internal control. The mandate of the Audit Committee also provides that the committee must review CNs risk assessment and risk management policies.
 
The Audit Committee is also responsible for assisting the Board with the oversight of CNs compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements.
 
In addition, the mandate of the Audit Committee provides that the committee must establish procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters or employee concerns regarding accounting or auditing matters, while insuring confidentiality and anonymity. CN has adopted such procedures. Please refer to the Corporate Governance section of our website at www.cn.ca/governance for more details on these procedures.(4)
 
MONITORING INTERNAL AUDITORS
The Audit Committee is responsible for ensuring that the chief internal auditor reports directly to the Audit Committee, and for regularly monitoring the internal audit functions performance, its responsibilities, staffing, budget and the compensation of its members. It further annually reviews the internal audit plan and ensures that the internal auditors are accountable to the Audit Committee.
 
MONITORING EXTERNAL AUDITORS
The mandate of the Audit Committee states that the committee is responsible for recommending the retention and, if appropriate, the removal of external auditors, evaluating and remunerating them, and monitoring their qualifications, performance and independence.(5)
 

(1)  
NI 52-110, section 2.3, subsection 1.
(2)  
NI 52-110, section 3.1, subsections (1), (2) and (3). The NYSE Standards and the applicable rules of the SEC require that in order to be considered independent, a member of the Audit Committee should not, other than in his or her capacity as a director or member of a board committee and in other limited circumstances, accept directly or indirectly any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee from the Company or any subsidiary of the Company nor be an affiliated person of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company. All members of the Audit Committee are independent pursuant to such definition.
(3)  
NI 52-110, section 2.3, subsections 5 and 6.
(4)  
NI 52-110, section 2.3, subsection 7.
(5)
NI 52-110, section 2.3, subsection 2.


CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
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The Audit Committee is also in charge of approving and overseeing the disclosure of all audit, review and attest services provided by the external auditors, determining which non-audit services the external auditors are prohibited from providing, and pre-approving and overseeing the disclosure of permitted non-audit services by the external auditors.

In addition, the Audit Committee is responsible for ensuring that the external auditors are accountable to the Audit Committee and to the Board.

The Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing the external auditors and discussing with them the quality and not just the acceptability of the Companys accounting principles, including any material written communications between the Company and the external auditors (including a disagreement, if any, with management and the resolution thereof).(1)

The Audit Committee also reviews at least annually, the formal written statement from the external auditors stating all relationships the external auditors have with CN and confirming their independence.

The mandate of the Audit Committee also provides that the committee is responsible for reviewing hiring policies for employees or former employees of the Companys firm of external auditors.(2)

Furthermore, the mandate of the Audit Committee states that the Audit Committee may retain independent advisors to help it carry out its responsibilities, including fixing such advisors’ fees and retention terms, subject to advising the Board chair. The committee makes arrangements for the appropriate funding for payment of the external auditors and any advisors retained by it. Pursuant to its charter, the Audit Committee also has direct communication channels with the internal and external auditors to discuss and review specific issues as appropriate. The internal and external auditors must meet separately with the Audit Committee, without management, twice a year, and more frequently as required.(3)

The Audit Committee met six times in 2008 and held in camera sessions. The following table outlines the major subject areas reviewed by the committee during the year, in compliance with its mandate.
 
Main Committee Activities 2008

A.
OVERSEEING FINANCIAL REPORTING

-
Reviewed and approved the annual and quarterly results and financial information contained in all reports requiring Board approval
-
Reviewed the compliance of management certification of financial reports with applicable legislation
-
Reviewed the external auditors’ quarterly report on the consolidated financial statements of the Company
-
Reviewed, with the external auditors and management, the quality, appropriateness and disclosure of the Company’s accounting principles and policies, underlying assumptions and reporting practices, and any proposed changes thereto
-
Reviewed judgments made in connection with the preparation of the financial statements, including analyses of the effect of alternative generally accepted accounting principles methods

B.
MONITORING RISK MANAGEMENT AND INTERNAL CONTROLS
 
-
Reviewed the Company’s risk assessment and risk management policies, including the Company’s insurance coverage and delegation of financial authority
-
Assisted the Board with the oversight of the Company’s compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements
-
Received management’s report assessing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and systems of internal control

C.
MONITORING INTERNAL AUDITORS

-
Reviewed the internal audit plan
-
Monitored the internal audit function’s performance, its responsibilities, staffing, budget and the compensation of its members

D.
MONITORING EXTERNAL AUDITORS

-
Reviewed the results of the external audit
-
Recommended to the Board the appointment and terms of engagement of the Company’s external auditors
-
Evaluated, remunerated and monitored the qualifications, performance and independence of the external auditors
-
Approved the disclosure of all audit, review and attest services provided by the external auditors
-
Determined which non-audit services the external auditors are prohibited from providing, and pre-approved permitted non-audit services by the external auditors to the Company
-
Reviewed the formal statement from the external auditors confirming their independence and reviewed hiring policies for employees or former employees of the Company’s firm of external auditors


(1)     NI 52-110, section 2.3, subsection 3.
(2)     NI 52-110, section 2.3, subsection 8.
(3)     NI 52-110, section 4.1.
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
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Audit Committee Report Regarding Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
The Audit Committee received periodically management’s report assessing the adequacy and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and systems of internal control in respect of the 2008 fiscal year. The Company’s external auditors, KPMG LLP, are responsible for performing an independent audit of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB) in the United States (U.S.), and an independent audit of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. These audits serve as a basis for KPMG LLP’s opinions addressing whether the consolidated financial statements fairly present our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

The Audit Committee has discussed with KPMG LLP the matters required to be discussed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement on Auditing Standards No. 61 (Communication With Audit Committees) and Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants Handbook Section 5751 (Communications With Those Having Oversight Responsibility for the Financial Reporting Process) including matters relating to the conduct of the audit of our financial statements and the assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting under section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

KPMG LLP provided the Committee with written disclosures and the letter required by Rule 3526 of the PCAOB, which supersedes Independence Standards Board Standard No. 1 (Independence Discussions with Audit Committees) and the two related interpretations. The Committee has discussed with KPMG LLP the firm’s independence from the Company. A formal written statement describing all relationships between KPMG LLP and the Company including a written confirmation that KPMG LLP are independent within the meaning of the rules of the Code of Ethics of the “Ordre des comptables agréés du Québec” and are independent public accountants with respect to the Company within the meaning of U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder, including the independence rules adopted by the SEC pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and Rule 3526 of the PCAOB was also remitted to the Committee.

Based on this review and these discussions, the Committee recommended to the Board that the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements be filed with Canadian securities regulators and included in the Company’s annual report on Form 40-F for the year ended December 31, 2008 filed with the SEC.

Education and Relevant Experience of the Audit Committee Members
 
The Board of Directors believes that the composition of the Audit Committee reflects a high level of financial literacy and experience. As required in the charter of the Audit Committee, all members of the Audit Committee are “financially literate”, as such terms are defined under Canadian securities laws and regulations(1) and the NYSE Standards, and several members of the committee meet all criteria to be designated as “audit committee financial expert” under the rules of the SEC. The Board has made such determination based on the education and experience of each committee member.

In determining if a director is an “audit committee financial expert”, the Board considers if the director is a person who has: (a) an understanding of generally accepted accounting principles and financial statements; (b) the ability to assess the general application of such accounting principles in connection with the accounting for estimates, accruals and reserves; (c) experience preparing, auditing, analyzing or evaluating financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by the Company’s financial statements, or experience actively supervising one or more persons engaged in such activities; (d) an understanding of internal controls and procedures for financial reporting; and (e) an understanding of audit committee functions.
 
ALL MEMBERS OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE ARE CONSIDERED TO BE FINANCIALLY LITERATE.
 
The following is a description of the education and experience of each member of the Audit Committee as of the date of this Information Circular that is relevant to the performance of his responsibilities as a member of the committee:

Mr. Losier is President and Chief Executive Officer, Assumption Life. Mr. Losier held various cabinet level positions with the government of the Province of New Brunswick, from 1989 to 1994. He is a director and member of the audit committee of Plazacorp Retail Properties Ltd., and he is also a director of Enbridge Gas New Brunswick Limited Partnership and NAV CANADA. Mr. Losier holds a Masters of Economics from the University of Western Ontario.

Mr. Armellino is a Retired Partner, The Goldman Sachs Group, LP. From 1991 to 1994, Mr. Armellino was chair and Chief Executive Officer of Goldman Sachs Asset Management. Prior to 1991, he had held various positions at Goldman, Sachs & Co., including those of senior transportation analyst and Partner in Charge of Research. He is a Chartered Financial Analyst. Mr. Armellino holds an MBA in finance from the Stern School of Business (New York University), New York and has more than 25 years of experience as a securities analyst.


(1)   NI 52-110, section 3.1, subsection 4.  
 
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Mr. Baillie retired as chair of The Toronto-Dominion Bank in April 2003, and as Chief Executive Officer of the bank in December 2002. Mr. Baillie is a director and member of the audit committee of Telus Corporation. He is also a director and chair of the audit committee of George Weston Limited. Mr. Baillie holds an MBA from Harvard Business School.

Mr. Bolton is the Chairman of the board of directors of EPCOR Utilities Inc. and Matrikon Inc. Mr. Bolton is a director and chair of the audit committees of Teck Cominco Limited, The Toronto-Dominion Bank and WestJet Airlines Ltd. From 1992 to 1998, Mr. Bolton was chair and Chief Executive Partner of Coopers & Lybrand Canada (now PricewaterhouseCoopers). Mr. Bolton was a partner of Coopers & Lybrand for 34 years and a public accountant and auditor with that firm for 40 years. He is a fellow of the Alberta Institute of Chartered Accountants. He holds an undergraduate degree of economics from the University of Alberta. Mr. Bolton is a member of four audit committees of public companies including CN. The Board has determined that such service in no way impaired Mr. Bolton’s ability to effectively serve on the Audit Committee of the Company.

Mr. Lee is Chairman of the Prospero Group of Companies which includes real estate investment, financing, sales and property management businesses. He is a director and member of the audit committee of Wall Financial Corporation and he is Chairman of UBC Properties Trust. Mr. Lee holds a bachelor of commerce degree from the University of British Columbia.

Mr. Pace is the President and Chief Executive Officer, The Pace Group. Mr. Pace is also a member of the board of directors of Maritime Broadcasting Systems Limited, High Liner Foods Incorporated, Hydro One and is board chair of Overland Realty Limited. Mr. Pace holds an MBA and an LL.B Law Degree from Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and has more than 20 years of business experience.

Auditors Fees

KPMG LLP has served as the Company’s auditors since 1992. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the fees for audit, audit-related, tax and other services provided to the Company by KPMG LLP were the following:

   
2008(1)
2007(1)
FEES
(CAD$)
(CAD$)
Audit
2,794,000
3,170,000
Audit-Related
1,170,000
1,371,000
Tax
797,000
603,000
Other
TOTAL FEES
4,761,000
5,144,000

(1)   Fees rounded to the nearest thousand.

Pursuant to the terms of its charter, the Audit Committee approves all audit and audit-related services, audit engagement fees and terms and all non-audit engagements provided by the independent auditor. The Audit Committee pre-approved all the services performed by our independent auditors for audit-related and non-audit related services for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 that were required to be pre-approved.

The nature of the services under each category is described below.

Audit Fees

Consist of fees incurred for professional services rendered by the auditors in relation to the audit of the Company’s consolidated annual financial statements and those of its subsidiaries, and the audit relating to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Audit-Related Fees

Audit-related fees were incurred for professional services rendered by the auditors in relation to the audit of the financial statements for the Company’s pension plans, and for attestation services in connection with reports required by statute or regulation and due diligence and other services, including comfort letters, in connection with the issuance of securities.
 
THE AUDIT COMMITTEE AND THE BOARD HAVE PROHIBITED THE COMPANY FROM ENGAGING THE EXTERNAL AUDITORS TO PROVIDE CERTAIN NON-AUDIT SERVICES.
 
Tax Fees

Consist of fees incurred for consultations on cross-border tax implications for employees and tax compliance.

Other Fees

Nil

The mandate of the Audit Committee provides that the Audit Committee determines which non-audit services the external auditors are prohibited from providing. CN’s Audit Committee and the Board of Directors have adopted resolutions prohibiting the Company from engaging KPMG LLP to provide certain non-audit services to the Company and its subsidiaries, including bookkeeping or other services related to the accounting records or financial statements, financial information systems design and implementation, appraisal or valuation services, fairness opinions, or contribution in-kind reports, actuarial services, internal audit outsourcing services, management functions or human resources functions, broker or dealer, investment adviser, or investment banking services and legal services and expert services unrelated to the audit. Pursuant to such resolutions, the Company may engage KPMG LLP to provide non-audit services, including tax services, other than the prohibited services listed above, but only if the services have specifically been pre-approved by the Audit Committee.(1)
 

(1)   NI 52-110, section 2.3, subsection 4.
 
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STATEMENT OF EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Human Resources and Compensation Committee

Composition of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee
 
The Human Resources and Compensation Committee (“Committee) is comprised of eight independent directors, namely Robert Pace, Chair of the Committee, A. Charles Baillie, Hugh J. Bolton, Gordon D. Giffin, James K. Gray, Edith E. Holiday, Edward C. Lumley and David G.A. McLean.

Mandate of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee
 
The Committee’s responsibilities include:
ensuring that appropriate mechanisms are in place regarding succession planning for the position of President and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO);
reviewing executive management’s performance assessment and succession planning;
recommending to the Board of Directors executive management’s compensation;
reviewing human resources practices by ensuring, amongst other things, that appropriate human resources systems are in place so that the Company can attract, motivate and retain the quality of personnel required to meet its business objectives.

The Committee’s full charter is available as part of CN’s Corporate Governance Manual at www.cn.ca/cngovernance.

The Committee met five times in 2008 and held in camera sessions during each meeting. The following table outlines the major subject areas reviewed by the Committee during the year.
 
Main Committee Activities 2008

A.
CEO PERFORMANCE

-
Approved CEO objectives
-
Assessed CEO performance
-
Reviewed and recommended approval of CEO compensation

B.
EXECUTIVE PERFORMANCE

-
Reviewed and approved performance assessments
-
Reviewed succession plan and individual development plans
-
Reviewed progress on CN’s leadership development programs
-
Recommended appointment and approved compensation of new executives

C.
COMPENSATION

-
Reviewed pay position relative to market
-
Reviewed and recommended approval of annual executive compensation adjustments
-
Reviewed and recommended for approval bonus payout for 2008 and approved current year goals
-
Reviewed and recommended for approval long-term incentive grants to executives
-
Reviewed executive stock ownership
-
Reviewed and recommended for approval pension plans design, valuation, amendments and material risks

D.
OTHER

-
Monitored labour negotiations
-
Reviewed the Committee’s corporate governance and compensation disclosure practices
-
Reviewed and approved new corporate governance policies on change of control, non-compete and executive compensation clawback
-
Approved the Committee’s report for inclusion in the management information circular

 
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Succession Planning and Leadership Development

In 2008, the Committee reviewed the progress made in developing current and future leaders through the Company’s leadership development programs. These programs and initiatives provide a solid platform for the assessment and development of the Company’s talent pool. The leadership development programs are tightly integrated with the business strategy in a thoughtful and effective way.

The Company is committed to take full advantage of its leadership development momentum. Accordingly, the Company continues to refine its approach and ensures that the assessment and development of people is further embedded in the organization. The Committee is satisfied that the Company’s leadership development approach is effective and achieves best practice levels.

In 2008 and early 2009, the Committee has been focused on succession planning for the Company’s most senior officers, including the President and Chief Executive Officer with whom the Company has an employment agreement until December 31, 2009. The Committee and the Board of Directors are satisfied that the candidates being considered for the position of President and CEO are of the highest calibre and will continue to build on CN’s success. The Chairman of the Board together with the Chairman of the Committee have established a process through which the Company’s directors review the leadership attributes and core strengths that a successor CEO and the leadership team must possess in light of their assessment of CN’s strategic agenda and vision. CEO succession and transition matters are scheduled to be discussed in camera at all regular meetings of the Committee in 2009.

Executive Compensation Consultants

The Company retains consulting firms to assist in determining compensation for directors and officers. In 2008, the Company retained the services of Towers Perrin to provide market information, surveys and trends, as well as external opinions on various executive compensation proposals. In 2008, the Company paid approximately CAD$116,000 to Towers Perrin for these services. The Committee also independently retains, from time to time, the services of executive compensation consultants to provide advice on compensation proposals that are presented for Committee approval. In 2008, the Committee retained the services of Hugessen Consulting Inc. (“Hugessen). The Committee mandated Hugessen to review and provide advice directly to the Committee on executive compensation recommendations and related matters, with a particular focus on named executive officers. In aggregate, the fees paid to Hugessen in 2008 totalled approximately CAD$92,000. The Committee evaluated Hugessen’s performance in 2008. The Committee is satisfied with the advice received from Hugessen and that such advice is objective and independent. In 2007, the Board of Directors adopted a policy to the effect that the Chair of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee shall pre-approve all non-compensation services provided to the Company by the consultant retained by the Committee to perform compensation-related services. Pursuant to an understanding between the Committee and Hugessen, the latter has agreed not to perform any work for management.

During 2008, the only services performed by Hugessen were compensation-related services provided directly to the Human Resources and Compensation Committee.

TYPE OF FEE
BILLED
IN 2007
($)
BILLED
IN 2008
($)
PERCENTAGE
OF TOTAL
FEES BILLED
IN 2008 (%)
Human Resources
and Compensation
Committee Work
68,000
92,000
100
Management Work
0
0
0

 
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis

The Executive Compensation Policy of the Company

The pivotal and continuing theme of the Company’s compensation policy has been to tie remuneration to the financial performance of the Company and the enhancement of shareholder value. This theme also underlies the need to attract, retain and motivate outstanding executive talent in an increasingly competitive environment.

The Company is committed to a compensation policy that drives short- and long-term business performance, is competitive and encourages broad share ownership. The compensation strategy is weighted towards pay-for-performance components. The compensation components, performance objectives, and plan provisions are integrated into a comprehensive executive compensation program that is aligned with shareholders’ interest, is competitive in attracting and retaining talent, and provides adequate compensation to motivate sustained performance of executives and support the achievement of corporate and individual objectives.

Compensation for Named Executive Officers (“NEOs) is comprised of three main components: base salary, annual incentive and long-term incentive. A fourth component, entitled Vision 2008 Share Units Plan, constituted the Company’s mid-term incentive. The plan concluded its four-year term on December 31, 2008. The Committee annually reviews the suitability of each component and adjusts the compensation offered to NEOs in line with the Company’s compensation policy, taking into account the current business, economic and demographic environment, as well as the specific situation of the Company’s executives. The Committee also reviews each component and desired market positioning and makes recommendations based on corporate and individual performance, taking into account leadership abilities, retention risk and succession plans.
 
Executive compensation is benchmarked using comparator groups, which have been carefully reviewed and endorsed by the Committee as being appropriate for the level and nature of the positions. In determining compensation, the Company considers the compensation practices of North American companies that are comparable in size and with whom the Company competes for executive talent. The primary comparator group for the NEOs is Class 1 Railroads and includes Union Pacific Railroad, Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation, CSX Corporation, Norfolk Southern Corporation and Canadian Pacific Railway. The Company also considers the compensation practices of a broad group of approximately 70 U.S. industrial companies that are comparable in terms of business mix and size, with revenues ranging from $6 to $10 billion (USD). This compensation information is provided and reviewed by external consultants retained separately by the Company and the Committee.

With the Company’s outstanding leadership position within the railroad industry, the Committee and the Board of Directors seek to position total compensation for the Company’s executives, when aggressively set goals are achieved, at the first quartile (75th percentile) of that paid by competitors, for positions with equivalent responsibilities and scope.

The Company has an established process to determine compensation targets annually. Performance goals and conditions associated to each compensation component are carefully reviewed and endorsed by the Committee at the beginning of each year. In determining compensation targets, the Committee ensures that performance goals and conditions are directly aligned with the achievement of the Company’s business objectives, as portrayed in the Company’s business plan which has been reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors.

Key Elements of NEO Compensation

The key elements of NEO compensation are base salary, annual incentive, and long-term incentives, including performance-based restricted share units, and stock options. The compensation of NEOs, other than the President and Chief Executive Officer, is recommended by the President and Chief Executive Officer and reviewed and approved by the Committee. The compensation of the President and Chief Executive Officer is recommended by the Committee and approved by the independent members of the Board of Directors.

For a discussion on the compensation of the CEO, please see section “President and Chief Executive Officer Compensation” on page 36.
 
 
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The following table summarizes the key components of NEO compensation, how they are benchmarked and how they fit in the above mentioned executive compensation policy:

COMPONENTS
DESCRIPTION
BENCHMARKING
OBJECTIVE & RATIONALE
Base Salary
    Fixed rate of pay, with annual review
      Salaries are benchmarked annually to the
      Provide competitive level of fixed
   
    Generally paid in U.S. dollars
median (50th percentile) of the comparator
compensation
     
groups
      Recognize sustained individual performance
     
      Individual salary recommendations are
   
     
based on competitive assessment, individual
   
     
performance and retention considerations
   
Annual Incentive
•     Annual bonus payout to approximately
      Target payout is established to position total
      Reward the achievement of a balanced set
Bonus Plan
4,000 eligible management employees
cash compensation (base salary + target
of annual corporate financial objectives
   
based upon performance against pre-
annual incentive payout) between 50th and
      Reward the achievement of personal
   
determined financial and other targets for
75th percentile of the comparator groups
objectives linked to financial and operating
   
the year
   
results, safety, customer service and
   
      Payout linked to the achievement of
   
leadership
   
corporate (70%) and personal (30%)
   
      Drive superior corporate and individual
   
objectives
   
performance
   
      Target payout is 70% of base salary for
       
   
Executive Vice-Presidents and 140% for the
       
   
President and CEO
       
   
      Maximum payout is equal to twice the
        
   
Target Payout
       
Long-Term Incentive
      Combination of restricted share units and
      Awards are established to position total
      Align management interest with
   
stock options of approximately equal value,
direct compensation (base salary + annual
shareholders’ value growth and provide
   
except for the CEO
incentive target payout + long-term
retention of key talent
     
incentive award value) at approximately the
      Recognize individual contribution and
   
Restricted Share Units
75th percentile of the comparator group,
potential
   
      Performance-based share units, payable in
when aggressively set goals are achieved
   
   
cash after three years
       
   
      Performance vesting subject to attainment
       
   
of targets related to average return on
       
   
invested capital over three years
       
   
      Payout conditional upon minimum share
       
   
price during the last three months of the
       
   
plan period
       
   
Stock Options
       
   
      10-year term; 25% per year vesting over
       
   
the first four years
       
   
      Granted in the currency of the
       
   
recipient’s salary
       
 
Compensation of Named Executive Officers in 2008

BASE SALARY

Base salaries are established according to the criteria set forth herein and are benchmarked annually against median comparator group practice. The base salary of NEOs is generally paid in U.S. currency in order to provide for a meaningful and objective comparison with salaries of equivalent positions of the comparator group which are predominantly paid in U.S. currency. Base salaries are reviewed annually, taking into consideration individual performance, leadership abilities, retention risk and succession plans.

The salaries paid to NEOs during 2008 are reported in the Summary Compensation Table under the Salary column.
 
ANNUAL INCENTIVE BONUS PLAN

Approximately 4,000 management employees are eligible for a payout under the Company’s Annual Incentive Bonus Plan ("AIBP"). Under the AIBP, payouts for planned results to be achieved ("Target Payouts") are set as a percentage of salary: 70% for Executive Vice-Presidents and 140% for the President and Chief Executive Officer.

For 2008, the AIBP was comprised of the following components:

1.
Corporate financial performance: 70% of the bonus was linked to the achievement of a balanced set of goals that contribute to the Company’s long-term financial growth and profitability. The corporate performance factor can range from 0% to 200% for NEOs. Corporate performance is measured against objectives set by the Board of Directors. In 2008, the Board of Directors assessed the Company’s performance against established targets for revenues, operating income, diluted earnings per share, free cash flow and return on invested capital (ROIC), with each measure carrying an equal weight. The targets were approved by the Board of Directors in January 2008 based on the Company’s economic outlook at that time.
 
 
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The following table provides the 2008 objectives as approved by the Board of Directors in January and the 2008 results as reported by the Company.

P E R F O R M A N C E  O B J E C T I V E S  A N D  R E S U LT S    2 0 0 8  A N N UA L  I N C E N T I V E  B O N U S  P L A N
 
    
CORPORATE OBJECTIVES(1)
2008
   
IN MILLIONS EXCEPT
BASE
STRETCH
RESULTS(2)
PERFORMANCE
PER SHARE DATA
(CAD$)
(CAD$)
(CAD$)
ASSESSMENT
Revenues
8,035
8,190
8,482
Exceeds
Operating Income
2,739
2,859
2,894
Exceeds
Diluted Earnings
               
Per Share
$3.38
$3.55
$3.95
Exceeds
Free Cash Flow(3)
600
700
794
Exceeds
ROIC
13.1%
13.6%
13.7%
Exceeds
 
(1)
Objectives set assuming a foreign exchange rate of US$1 = CAD$0.95.
(2)
Foreign exchange rate experienced was US$1 = CAD$1.06.
(3)
See page 89 of the 2008 Annual report for a discussion and reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure.

In January 2008, the objectives were set assuming a foreign exchange rate of US$1 = CAD$0.95. During the year, the average foreign exchange rate experienced was US$1 = CAD$1.06. When reviewing the Company’s performance against established objectives, such objectives were adjusted to reflect the fact that the lower Canadian dollar that was assumed when the objectives were set, improved the Company’s performance assessment. The following table provides the 2008 objectives reflecting this adjustment and the 2008 results as reported by the Company.

P E R F O R M A N C E  O B J E C T I V E S  A N D  R E S U LT S    2 0 0 8
A N N UA L  I N C E N T I V E  B O N U S  P L A N    A D J U S T E D  TA R G E T S
 
  
CORPORATE OBJECTIVES
2008
   
IN MILLIONS EXCEPT
BASE
STRETCH
RESULTS(2)
PERFORMANCE
PER SHARE DATA
(CAD$)
(CAD$)
(CAD$)
ASSESSMENT
               
Does not
Revenues(1)
8,538
8,702
8,482
meet
Operating
           
Does not
Income(1)
2,915
3,042
2,894
meet
Diluted Earnings
               
Per Share(1)
$3.59
$3.77
$3.95
Exceeds
Free Cash
           
Partially
Flow(1)(3)
700
800
794
Exceeds
ROIC
13.1%
13.6%
13.7%
Exceeds
 
(1)
Objectives adjusted to reflect the experienced foreign exchange rate of US$1 = CAD$1.06 vs. CAD$0.95 assumed when set in January 2008.
(2)
Foreign exchange rate experienced was US$1 = CAD$1.06.
(3)
See page 89 of the 2008 Annual Report for a discussion and reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure.

In 2008, the Company delivered a solid performance in a period of deteriorating business conditions and unprecedented market turmoil. The Company performed well despite significant weakness in forest products and automotive markets, severe winter conditions in both Canada and the U.S. Midwest and volatility in both fuel prices and U.S. to Canadian currency exchange rates. The Company continued to execute well its precision railroading model and made further progress on its long-term objectives with the strategic acquisition of the Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway Company (“EJ&E). The EJ&E acquisition is expected to significantly improve the Company’s productivity and efficiency, and provide improved service to customers as well as support ongoing shareholder value creation.

For 2008, after considering the financial results against established objectives, as well as progress made in the achievement of the Company’s long-term objectives, the Board of Directors assessed the corporate performance at “partially exceed”, allowing for a corporate performance factor at 114%.

2.
Individual performance: 30% of the bonus was based on the achievement of personal business-oriented goals linked to financial and operating results, safety, customer service and leadership. The individual performance factor can range from 0% to 200% for executives, based on individual assessments approved by the Board of Directors. Any payout under the individual component is conditional upon a payout being declared under the corporate component.

In 2008, the individual objectives of NEOs included both quantitative financial measures and qualitative strategic and operational considerations related to their function. They were set at ambitious levels. At year-end, the President and Chief Executive Officer reviewed the performance of the other four NEOs, taking into consideration their achievements against their pre-determined personal objectives. The President and Chief Executive Officer presented his assessment to the Committee for discussion, review and approval. For the year 2008, taking into account the recommendation of the President and Chief Executive Officer, the Committee determined that the four NEOs had partially exceeded their personal objectives and approved each of their individual performance factors. The average individual performance factor for the NEOs, other than the President and Chief Executive Officer, was 147%.

The resulting bonus payout is based on the salary on December 31, and the corporate and individual performance factors, calculated as follows:
 
                       
Corporate
 
Annual Salary
x
Target Payout
x
70%
x
Performance
 
                       
Factor
 
 +
                       
Individual
 
Annual Salary
x
Target Payout
x
30%
x
Performance
 
                       
Factor
 
 
 
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In 2008, the average payout for the NEOs, other than the President and Chief Executive Officer, was 124% of target payout. The actual payouts are reported in the Summary Compensation Table, under the Non-equity Incentive Plan Compensation ñ Annual incentive plans column.

Pursuant to the terms of the AIBP, approximately 4,000 management employees received a bonus payout for the year 2008. In 2007, there was no payout under this plan as the Company did not achieve its objectives.

LONG-TERM INCENTIVE

The Board of Directors considers a number of factors to assess the Company’s long-term incentive strategy. Factors under consideration include the balance between long-term value creation and shareholder wealth protection, executive stock ownership position versus stock option holdings, executive retention risk, as well as the tax implication and the dilution impact of the different long-term incentive vehicles. Since 2005, the Board of Directors has elected to grant a combination of stock options and restricted share units (“RSUs) of approximately equal value, to designated executive and senior management employees, except for the President and Chief Executive Officer. The long-term incentive award for the President and Chief Executive Officer combines stock options and RSUs with a smaller relative weight in stock option value because of the 20% limitation on the number of stock options that can be awarded to one individual pursuant to the terms of the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan please refer to page 43 for a description of the plan.

The annual grant of RSUs and stock options to NEOs and other eligible employees is reviewed and approved at the meetings of the Committee and the Board of Directors which take place each year in January. The effective grant date is the first day opened for trading under the Company’s Insider Trading Policy, following the publication of the Company’s financial results for the previous year. Based on this approach, the effective grant date is generally the second trading day following the public release of the Company’s financial results. The exercise price of the stock options granted is set at the closing price of common shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange or the New York Stock Exchange on the grant date.

During 2008, NEOs, other than the President and Chief Executive Officer, were awarded a total of 111,000 RSUs and 222,000 stock options, representing 16% and 25% respectively of the aggregate number of RSUs and stock options granted during the year. The Committee establishes the value of long-term incentive awards on the basis of the expected value provided by each award at the time of the grant. In determining each individual award, the Committee takes into consideration individual performance, retention risk and succession plans, as well as the compensation practices of the comparator group. The Committee does not take into account previous grants when setting the individual awards.
 
RESTRICTED SHARE UNITS: 2008 AWARD

The Restricted Share Units Plan (theRSU Plan) was approved by the Board of Directors in 2004. The objective of the RSU Plan is to enhance the Company’s ability to attract and retain talented employees and to provide alignment of interests between such employees and the shareholders of the Company. The RSUs awarded are generally scheduled for payout after three years and vest upon the attainment of targets related to the Company’s return on invested capital (“ROIC). ROIC measures the Company’s efficiency in the use of its capital funds and is viewed as a key measure of long-term value generation to its shareholders. ROIC is generally calculated as net income before interest expense, divided by the total of the average net indebtedness and the average shareholders’ equity, and may in certain instances, be adjusted for certain items as determined by the Committee.

The RSUs granted in 2008 to NEOs and other designated employees are subject to the attainment of targets related to the Company’s average ROIC during the three-year period ending on December 31, 2010. The payout is conditional upon meeting a minimum average closing share price during the last three months of 2010. The payout will be made in the currency of the recipient’s salary. The value of the payout will be equal to the number of RSUs awarded multiplied by the performance vesting factor and by the 20-day average closing share price ending on January 31, 2011. The performance objectives and payout condition of the 2008 RSU award are summarized in the following table:

P E R F O R M A N C E  O B J E C T I V E S  
R E S T R I C T E D  S H A R E  U N I T S    2 0 0 8  A WA R D
 
           
PERFORMANCE
     
OBJECTIVE
VESTING FACTOR
   
Below 13%
0%
Performance Objective:
13%
50%
Average ROIC during the
14%
100%
three-year period ending on
15%
125%
December 31, 2010
16% and above
150%
Payout Condition:
CAD$48.60 on the TSX
Minimum average closing share price
or
for the last three months of 2010
US$48.44 on the NYSE

The grant date fair value of the restricted share units awarded to NEOs in 2008 is included in the Summary compensation table, under the Share-based awards column.

RESTRICTED SHARE UNITS: 2006 AWARD PAYOUT

RSUs granted in 2006 were paid out to NEOs and other designated employees pursuant to the terms and conditions set out in the 2006 award agreements and in accordance with the RSU Plan. The RSUs awarded in 2006 were paid out when the specified target related to the average ROIC was attained and exceeded during the three-year period ending on December 31, 2008. In accordance with the RSU Plan rules, the ROIC performance resulted in a performance vesting factor of
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
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150% of the units awarded. Although the minimum average closing share price condition was missed by a very small margin during the last three months of 2008, the Committee approved the payout in recognition of the fact that the Company’s ROIC objective was substantially exceeded. The Committee also took into account the impact of the unprecedented turmoil in the financial markets on the Company’s share price during the last three months of 2008.

P E R F O R M A N C E  O B J E C T I V E S  A N D  R E S U LT S   
R E S T R I C T E D  S H A R E  U N I T S    2 0 0 6  A WA R D
 
   
     
PERFORMANCE
     
         
VESTING
     
     
OBJECTIVE
FACTOR
RESULTS
   
Below 12%
0%
     
Performance Objective:
12%
50%
     
Average ROIC for the
13%
100%
15.7%
three-year period ending
14%
125%
     
on December 31, 2008
15% and above
150%
     
Payout Condition:
         
Minimum average
CAD$46.43 on the TSX
    
closing share price
or
CAD$46.11
for the last three
US$39.99 on the NYSE
US$38.23
months of 2008
         
 
STOCK OPTIONS

Stock options were granted in 2008 to NEOs and other designated employees pursuant to the Management Long-term Incentive Plan (the “Plan). Please refer to page 43 for details of the Plan. The stock options granted in 2008 were conventional and vest over four years at a rate of 25% at each anniversary date. Stock options have a term of 10 years. Grants were made in the currency of the recipient’s salary.

Stock options are granted with the objective of rewarding NEOs and other designated employees for creating sustainable, long- term shareholder value. If the share price increases between the grant date and the vesting date, stock options will have a realizable value and be “in-the-money”. Conversely, if the share price does not appreciate over this period, stock options will have no realizable value. Consequently, stock options provide a realized payout value only when vested, when the share price increases above the grant price, and when the options are exercised.

The Committee established the value of the option-based awards on the basis of the expected value provided by the award at the time of the grant. In determining the value of the award, the Committee takes into consideration individual performance, retention risk and succession plans, as well as the compensation practices and long-term incentive value granted over the last three years by companies in the comparator group described in the section "The Executive Compensation Policy of the Company".

The grant date fair value of the stock options awarded to NEOs in 2008 is included in the Summary compensation table, under the Option-based awards column.
 
VISION 2008 SHARE UNITS PLAN

To further strengthen the link between compensation and superior performance, the Board of Directors approved in 2005 the Vision 2008 Share Units Plan, with a four-year term to December 31, 2008, entitling designated executives and senior management employees to receive a one-time performance-based award of share units payable in cash in January 2009. These awards were made on January 28, 2005 at the closing stock price of CAD$36.225 and US$29.185. The plan period ended on December 31, 2008.

Under the award agreement, the vesting of share units was based on the Company’s share price performance, with half of the vesting based on the Canadian stock price performance and the other half on the U.S. stock price performance on the respective stock exchanges. The vesting factor could range between 0% and 100%, based on the highest 20-day average closing share price between July 1, 2008 and December 31, 2008, as per specified share price objectives. Under the plan terms, there would be no payout if the average stock price did not exceed CAD$50.00 on the TSX and US$41.00 on the NYSE. The full award of share units would have become payable if the average stock price reached at least CAD$72.50 and at least US$59.50 on the corresponding stock exchanges. Linear interpolation was to be applied in between those stated objectives. The award payout was also conditional on the Company meeting a minimum average return on invested capital of 10% over the plan period and a minimum 20-day average closing share price on December 31, 2008 of CAD$50.00 or US$41.00 on the corresponding stock exchanges. Finally, the plan encouraged retention as payout was conditional upon continued employment until the end of the plan period.

The highest 20-day average closing share price achieved on the TSX and the NYSE between July 1 and December 31, 2008 was CAD$54.77 and US$52.57, respectively, resulting in a performance vesting factor of 42% of the share units awarded under this plan. The minimum ROIC condition of 10% over the term of the plan was met and exceeded. However, the final 20-day average closing share price on December 31, 2008 was CAD$42.95 and US$34.87. Given that the minimum share price condition was not met, the Committee made the decision that no payout would be made under the plan. If the minimum share price condition of CAD$50 on the TSX had been met, the value of the aggregate payout to designated executive and senior management employees would have been approximately CAD$16 million.

The Vision 2008 Share Units Plan was terminated and all units were cancelled on December 31, 2008.
 
 
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P E R F O R M A N C E  O B J E C T I V E S  A N D  R E S U LT S    V I S I O N  2 0 0 8  S H A R E  U N I T S  P L A N
 
     
OBJECTIVE
PERFORMANCE
OBJECTIVE
   
     
SHARE PRICE ON TSX
VESTING FACTOR
SHARE PRICE ON NYSE
RESULTS
Performance Objective:
                 
Highest 20-day average closing share
CAD$50.00 and below
0%
US$41.00 and below
   
price between July 1, 2008 and
CAD$61.25
25%
US$50.25
   
December 31, 2008
CAD$72.50 and above
50%
US$59.50 and above
   
Highest 20-day average
CAD$54.77
 
US$52.57
42%
Payout Condition:
                 
a) Minimum average ROIC between
     
10%
   
15%
January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2008
                 
b) Minimum average closing share price for
     
CAD$50.00 on the TSX or
   
CAD$42.95
the last 20 days of 2008
     
US$41.00 on the NYSE
   
US$34.87
 
EXECUTIVE PERQUISITES

NEOs are eligible to receive perquisites and other personal benefits in accordance with the Company’s policy. These typically include the use of a company-leased vehicle, financial counselling and tax services, club membership and certain health care and life insurance benefits exceeding those usually offered to salaried employees. The level of benefit is generally determined by the grade of the position. The Committee believes that executive perquisites and other personal benefits provided to NEOs are appropriate and in line with general market practices. In addition to these benefits, it is the Company’s policy to require, for efficiency and security reasons, the President and Chief Executive Officer to use the Company’s aircraft for personal as well as for business use. It is also a condition of Mr. Harrison’s employment arrangements with CN. Following Mr. Harrison’s retirement, the Company’s policy will require that the use of corporate aircraft be solely for business purposes for all executive officers of CN.

President and Chief Executive Officer Compensation

The President and Chief Executive Officer’s annual compensation is recommended by the Committee and approved by the independent members of the Board of Directors. Pursuant to his employment agreement, Mr. Harrison’s base salary was established at US$1,680,000 (CAD$1,790,880) for 2008 and Annual Incentive Bonus Plan target payout set at 140% of base salary with a maximum payout of 280% of base salary, in line with the Company’s compensation policy. As is the case for the other senior executives of the Company, 70% of the bonus payout is based on the Company’s financial performance and 30% is based on individual performance. The individual performance of the President and Chief Executive Officer is measured against the goals, objectives and standards approved annually by the Committee. The goals set at the beginning of 2008 included both financial and non-financial elements, covering performance in the following areas: financial performance (35%); safety (20%); marketing (10%); customer service and operations (10%); human resources management (10%); and public and government relations (15%). Based on a review of the foregoing, the Committee rated the performance of the President and Chief Executive Officer as part of his performance review and recommended to the Board of Directors the approval of his compensation based on his and the Company’s performance.

In 2008, against a backdrop of deteriorating business conditions, the Company, under Mr. Harrison’s leadership, delivered a strong financial performance. The Company experienced significant weakness in the forest products and automotive markets, severe winter conditions in both Canada and the U.S. Midwest, and volatility in both fuel prices and U.S. to Canadian currency exchange rates. Despite this, revenues and operating income increased by 7% and 1%, respectively. Mr. Harrison also demonstrated strong leadership in effectively controlling costs, driving further improvements in operational efficiency and further positioning the Company for long-term growth. The Company achieved diluted earnings per share of $3.95 and a ROIC of 13.7%. The Committee considers these results to be notable in light of difficult market conditions.

Safety is a core value at CN and the Committee considers that Mr. Harrison was instrumental in focusing the leadership team and all employees on improving the Company’s safety performance. In 2008, the Company’s safety performance included a Federal Rairoad Administration ("FRA") injury ratio of 1.78  a 5% improvement versus 2007; a FRA accident ratio of 2.58 a 6% improvement versus 2007; and a Transportation Safety Board accident ratio of 7.27 a 29% improvement versus 2007.

Mr. Harrison also maintained the Company’s core commitment in providing superior customer service through its precision railroading model. Trip plan compliance, a measure that compares actual loaded transit time, in hours, to the trip plan quoted to the customer, improved three basis points compared to the prior year.

Mr. Harrison, through his direct interventions and role modeling, made significant contributions to further develop leadership and employee engagement. In 2008, Mr. Harrison led 18 “Hunter Camp” sessions where he shared his passion, commitment and expectations for improved performance and alignment of the Company’s business and operating performance.
 
 
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Mr. Harrison actively participated in the process leading to the regulatory approval of the EJ&E acquisition. This included representations and testimonials with several government committees and officials. Mr. Harrison’s engagement was instrumental in helping key stakeholders to better understand and appreciate the various aspects of the transaction.

For 2008, following a review of Mr. Harrison’s individual performance, the Committee acknowledged Mr. Harrison’s solid results and achievements in a very challenging environment, as well as his strong leadership in the advancement of the Company’s strategic agenda. Out of a scale of 0% to 200%, the Committee rated Mr. Harrison’s individual personal performance factor at 150%. In accordance with the terms of the Annual Incentive Bonus Plan, and taking into account the corporate performance factor of 114%, the independent members of the Board of Directors approved a bonus payout of US$2,935,300 (CAD$3,575,195) to Mr. Harrison.

The 126,000 RSUs and 145,000 stock options granted to the President and Chief Executive Officer in 2008 pursuant to the Restricted Share Units Plan and the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan, respectively, were granted on the same basis and conditions as those of the other NEOs of the Company. The value of these awards, which was established within the Company’s long-term incentive compensation policy, is included in the Summary compensation table, under the Share-based awards and Option-based awards columns.

In 2009, Mr. Harrison’s base salary was increased to US$1,764,000 pursuant to the terms of his employment agreement and his target and maximum payouts under the Annual Incentive Bonus Plan were maintained at 140% and 280% respectively. On January 26, 2009, Mr. Harrison received awards of 188,000 RSUs under the Restricted Share Units Plan and 210,000 options under the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan. Awards made in 2009 have similar conditions to the 2008 awards.

In accordance with the Canadian disclosure rules, amounts paid to Mr. Harrison are reported in the prescribed tables in Canadian dollars.

Other Compensation Policies of the Company

STOCK OWNERSHIP

The Committee strongly supports stock ownership by executives. In 1999, the Company introduced share ownership guidelines that require a minimum level of share ownership, set as a percentage of salary, to be achieved over a five-year period. In 2002, the application of the guidelines was broadened to include a total of approximately 175 executives and senior management employees. Once executives and senior managers have met their initial shareholding requirements, they are expected to maintain compliance, which is reported annually to the Committee. Stock ownership guidelines can be met through the holding of common shares and vested deferred share units. Stock ownership requirements are as follows:

 
GUIDELINES
President and CEO
4 times salary
Executive and Senior Vice-Presidents
3 times salary
Vice-Presidents
1.5 to 2 times salary
Senior Management
One times salary

As of December 31, 2008, all NEOs, including the President and Chief Executive Officer, had exceeded their share ownership requirements. Other executives and senior management had either met or were on track to achieve their stock ownership requirement.

Under the Company’s Insider Trading Policy, no directors, officers or employees can engage in hedging activities, including monetization, on CN securities.

 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
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CHANGE OF CONTROL PROVISION

The Management Long-Term Incentive Plan and the RSU Plan were amended effective March 4, 2008 to include double trigger provisions. Pursuant to such provisions, the vesting of non-performance options or units awarded after that date and held by a participant would not accelerate upon a Change of Control, unless the participant is terminated without cause or resigns for good reasons. A Change of Control means any of the following events:
 
a)
in the event the ownership restrictions in the CN Commercialization Act are repealed, a formal bid for a majority of the Company’s outstanding common shares;
   
b)
approval by the Company’s shareholders of an amalgamation, merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another corporation, unless the definitive agreement of such transaction provides that at least 51% of the directors of the surviving or resulting corporation immediately after the transaction are the individuals who at the time of such transaction constitute the Board and that, in fact, these individuals continue to constitute at least 51% of the board of directors of the surviving or resulting corporation during a period of two consecutive years; or
   
c)
approval by the Company’s shareholders of a plan of liquidation or dissolution of the Company.
 
The amended provisions state that acceleration of vesting would not occur if a proper substitute to the original options or units is granted to the participant. If such substitute is granted and a participant is terminated without cause or submits a resignation for good reason within twenty-four (24) calendar months after a Change of Control, all outstanding substitute options or units which are not then exercisable shall vest and become exercisable or payable in full upon such termination or resignation. Substitute options that are vested and exercisable shall remain exercisable for a period of twenty- four (24) calendar months from the date of such termination or resignation and units shall be paid within thirty (30) days. These new provisions will only affect grants made after March 4, 2008, and discretion is left to the Board of Directors to take into account special circumstances.

NON-COMPETE/NON-SOLICITATION PROVISION

On January 22, 2009, the Board of Directors approved the inclusion of non-compete and non-solicitation provisions to the Restricted Share Units and Stock Options award agreements to be executed in the future with executive and senior vice-presidents. Hence, the Restricted Share Units and Stock Options granted to such executive and senior vice-presidents after January 22, 2009, including the 2009 annual awards, are subject to cancellation if they fail to comply with certain commitments. Those commitments prohibit:

a)
the use of confidential information of CN for any purpose other than performing his or her duties with CN;
   
b)
engaging in any business that competes with CN;
   
c)
soliciting, accepting the business of a customer, client, supplier or distributor of CN or hiring or engaging employees of CN;
   
d)
taking advantage or profit from any business opportunity of which they became aware in the course of employment with CN; and
   
e)
taking any action as a result of which relations between CN and its consultants, customers, clients, suppliers, distributors, employees or others may be impaired or which might otherwise be detrimental to the business interests or reputation of CN.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION CLAWBACK

In March 2008, the Board of Directors adopted an executive compensation clawback policy concerning future awards made under the Company’s annual and long-term incentive plans. Under this policy, which applies to all executives, the Board may, in its sole discretion, to the full extent permitted by governing laws and to the extent it determines that it is in the Company’s best interest to do so, require reimbursement of all or a portion of annual and long-term incentive compensation received by an executive. The Board of Directors may seek reimbursement of full or partial compensation from an executive or former executive officer in situations where:

a)
the amount of incentive compensation received by the executive or former executive officer was calculated based upon, or contingent on, the achievement of certain financial results that were subsequently the subject of or affected by a restatement of all or a portion of the Company’s financial statements,
   
b)
the executive officer engaged in gross negligence, intentional misconduct or fraud that caused or partially caused the need for the restatement, and
   
c)
the incentive compensation payment received would have been lower had the financial results been properly reported.
 
 
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Performance Graph

The following Performance Graph illustrates the cumulative total shareholder return on a CAD$100 investment in CN’s common shares compared with the cumulative total return of the S&P/ TSX composite and the S&P 500 Indices from the period beginning December 31, 2003 and ending December 31, 2008. It assumes reinvestment of all dividends.


   
DEC-03
DEC-04
DEC-05
DEC-06
DEC-07
DEC-08
CNR
$100
$133
$172
$187
$177
$174
S&P/TSX
$100
$114
$142
$167
$183
$123
S&P 500
$100
$111
$116
$134
$141
$89

Over the last five years, the three main components of compensation – base salary, annual incentive, and long-term incentive – that was earned by NEOs together represented about 4.7% of the approximate CAD$5 billion aggregate market capitalization increase over the same period. The total compensation earned by NEOs is defined as the amount of base salary and bonus earned during the year, plus the change in unrealized and realized gains from equity-based incentive plans.

The Committee believes that the Company’s executive compensation policy is effective and appropriately supports a strong relationship between the compensation earned by NEOs and the investment return of shareholders. Over the last five years, more than 80% of the compensation earned by NEOs was derived from equity-based incentive plans. Accordingly, the compensation earned in each year was closely tied to shareholder return as demonstrated by the fact that the compensation earned by NEOs in the year of lowest total shareholder return represents approximately one ninth of the compensation earned in the year of highest total shareholder return.

The following graphs illustrate the annual change in cumulative total shareholder return on a CAD$100 investment in CN’s common shares compared with the total compensation earned by NEOs in each year of the five-year period ending on December 31, 2008, and demonstrates the close link between the two.
 
 
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Most compensation paid, earned and awarded to the President and Chief Executive Officer, the Executive Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer and to the other three most highly compensated executive officers of the Company (together, the Named Executive Officers or NEOs), was in U.S. dollars. In the following tables, unless otherwise specified, compensation is expressed in Canadian dollars. Please refer to the Currency Exchange Information on page 52 for the conversion methodology. Fluctuation in the exchange rate may affect the comparability of the data year over year.

Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth the annual total compensation for the NEOs, for the year ended December 31, 2008.

For compensation related to previous years, please refer to the Company’s Management Information Circulars filed with the Canadian Securities Administrators and available at www.sedar.com or filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and available at www.sec.gov.

S U M M A R Y  C O M P E N S AT I O N  TA B L E
 
NAME AND PRINCIPAL
POSITION
 
YEAR
SALARY
($)
SHARE-BASED
 AWARDS(2,3)
($)
OPTION- BASED
 AWARDS(2,4)
($)
NON-EQUITY
 INCENTIVE PLAN
COMPENSATION  ANNUAL
INCENTIVE
 PLANS(5)
($)
 
PENSION
 VALUE(6)
($)
ALL OTHER
 COMPENSATION(7)
($)
TOTAL
COMPENSATION
($)
E. Hunter Harrison
                                           
President and Chief Executive Officer
2008
1,790,880
3,450,745
1,799,124
3,575,195
1,620,129
1,113,975
13,350,048
Claude Mongeau
                               
Executive Vice-President and
                               
Chief Financial Officer
2008
570,310
821,606
744,465
569,293
76,000
2,029
2,783,703
James M. Foote
                               
Executive Vice-President,
                               
Sales and Marketing
2008
570,310
821,606
744,465
569,293
(28,160)
14,861
2,692,375
Keith E. Creel
                               
Executive Vice-President, Operations
2008
487,695
821,606
744,465
510,707
194,803
131,835
2,891,111
Sean Finn
                               
Executive Vice-President, Corporate
                               
Services and Chief Legal Officer(1)
2008
492,137
575,124
521,125
462,962
207,000
2,482
2,260,830
 
(1)
Mr. Finn was appointed Executive Vice-President, Corporate Services and Chief Legal Officer, effective December 1, 2008.
(2)
Represents the grant date fair value of awards calculated in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No.123(R), Share-Based Payment under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP). The grant date fair values stated in the Summary Compensation Table are aligned with the fair market values presented to the Committee for the approval of the restricted share unit and stock option awards.
(3)
Represents the award of performance-based restricted share units under the Restricted Share Units Plan. The grant date fair value is determined using the lattice-based valuation model and considers the following assumptions:
 
i.
Closing share price on grant date: CAD$48.46
 
ii.
Risk-free interest rate over the term of the award: 3.43%
 
iii.
Expected stock price volatility over the term of the award: 22%
 
iv.
Expected dividend yield: CAD$0.92
  The methodology used in determining the assumptions is disclosed in Note 11 – Stock plans on page 75 of the 2008 Annual report.
(4)
Represents the award of stock options pursuant to the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan. The grant date fair value is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and considers the following assumptions:
 
i.
Closing share price on grant date: CAD$48.46
 
ii.
Risk-free interest rate over the expected life of the options: 3.58%
 
iii.
Expected stock price volatility over the expected life of the options: 27%
 
iv.
Expected dividend yield: CAD$0.92
 
v
Expected term: 5.3 years
 
The methodology used in determining the assumptions is disclosed in Note 11 – Stock plans on page 75 of the 2008 Annual report.
(5)
Represents the incentive earned under the Annual Incentive Bonus Plan for year 2008. Refer to page 32 for the details of the AIBP.
(6)
Includes the compensatory value of pension benefits as reported in the Defined Benefit Plans and Defined Contribution Plans tables in the Pension Plan Benefits section.
(7)
Includes the value of perquisites, other personal benefits and other compensation (as applicable), for example post-retirement benefits, tax gross-up or tax protection such that net income after taxes is not less than it would have been in the U.S. Perquisites and other personal benefits that in aggregate amount to less than CAD$50,000 or 10% of the total salary for any of the Named Executive Officers, are not reported in this column. Details are provided in the table on the following page.
 
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D E TA I L S  O F  A L L  O T H E R  C O M P E N S AT I O N A M O U N T S  F O R  2 0 0 8(1)
 
NAME
PERQUISITES AND OTHER
PERSONAL BENEFITS(2)
($)
OTHER
COMPENSATION
($)
ALL OTHER
COMPENSATION
($)
E. Hunter Harrison(3)
Personal Use of
Tax Gross-up: 157,756
1,113,975
 
Company Aircraft(4): 937,000
       
 
Other Perquisites: 19,219
       
Claude Mongeau
Nil
Post-retirement benefits(5): 2,029
2,029
James M. Foote
Nil
Tax Gross-up: 14,861
14,861
Keith E. Creel
Nil
Tax Gross-up: 37,691
131,835
     
Tax Protection: 94,144
   
Sean Finn
Nil
Post-retirement benefits(5): 2,482
2,482
 
(1)
Amounts are calculated based on the incremental cost to the Company.
(2)
Perquisites and other personal benefits include the use of company-leased vehicle, club membership, financial counselling, and certain healthcare and life insurance benefits exceeding coverage offered to salaried employees. See section Executive Perquisites on page 36 for details. Perquisites and other personal benefits that in aggregate amount to less than CAD$50,000 or 10% of the total salary for any of the Named Executive Officers, are reported as Nil in this column.
(3)
Mr. Harrison’s basic life insurance coverage before retirement is equal to 3 times his salary without limitation. The first US$1 million is covered under the regular management plan. The coverage in excess of US$1 million is self-insured by the Company for which no additional premiums are paid. In addition to the post-retirement benefits offered to all salaried employees, Mr. Harrison has a post-retirement life insurance benefit of US$1 milllion, for which there are no current service costs since it has been fully expensed by the Company.
(4)
This amount reflects the value of Mr. Harrison’s personal travel on Company owned or leased aircraft. This value is based on aggregate incremental operating costs to the Company, such as fuel costs, trip-related maintenance, landing fees and other miscellaneous variable costs. It is the Company’s policy, for efficiency and security reasons, to require that the CEO use Company aircraft for personal as well as business use. It is also a condition of Mr. Harrison’s employment arrangements with CN. Following Mr. Harrison’s retirement, the Company’s policy will require that the use of corporate aircraft be solely for business purposes for all executive officers of CN.
(5)
Represents the service cost for post-retirement life and medical insurance.
 
Incentive Plan Awards

Share-based and Option-based Awards in 2008

The following table shows information regarding grants of restricted share units made to Named Executive Officers under the Restricted Share Units Plan and grant of stock options made under the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan in 2008.

NAME
GRANT DATE
AWARD TYPE
SECURITIES, UNITS
OR OTHER RIGHTS
(#)
END OF PLAN PERIOD
OR EXPIRY DATE
SHARE PRICE
ON DATE OF GRANT
($)
AWARDS
GRANT DATE
FAIR VALUE(1)
($)
E. Hunter Harrison
January 24, 2008
RSUs(2)
126,000
December 31, 2010
48.46
3,450,745
       
Options(3)
145,000
January 24, 2018
48.46
1,799,124
Claude Mongeau
January 24, 2008
RSUs(2)
30,000
December 31, 2010
48.46
821,606
       
Options(3)
60,000
January 24, 2018
48.46
744,465
James M. Foote
January 24, 2008
RSUs(2)
30,000
December 31, 2010
48.46
821,606
       
Options(3)
60,000
January 24, 2018
48.46
744,465
Keith E. Creel
January 24, 2008
RSUs(2)
30,000
December 31, 2010
48.46
821,606
       
Options(3)
60,000
January 24, 2018
48.46
744,465
Sean Finn
January 24, 2008
RSUs(2)
21,000
December 31, 2010
48.46
575,124
       
Options(3)
42,000
January 24, 2018
48.46
521,125
 
(1)
The grant date fair values reported are calculated using the same assumptions as described in footnotes 3 and 4 of the Summary Compensation Table.
(2)
The restricted share units granted in 2008 were made under the Restricted Share Units Plan. Under this plan, the number of restricted share units’ payout will be 50%, 100% and 150% of the grant if return on invested capital reaches, respectively, threshold, target and maximum performance over the plan period and is also conditional upon meeting a minimum share price condition, as described under Restricted Share Units: 2008 Awards on page 34.
(3)
The options granted in 2008 were made under the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan and vest over a period of four years, with 25% of the options vesting at each anniversary date of the award. Unexercised options shall expire on the tenth anniversary date of the award. See section Management Long-Term Incentive Plan on page 43 for a description of the plan.
 
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Outstanding Share-based Awards and Option-based Awards
 
The following table shows all awards made to Named Executive Officers and outstanding on December 31, 2008.
 
      OPTION-BASED AWARDS (1)
SHARE-BASED AWARDS
   
NUMBER OF SECURITIES UNDERLYING UNEXERCISED OPTIONS
OPTION EXERCISE PRICE
OPTION EXPIRATION
VALUE OF UNEXERCISED IN-THE-MONEY OPTIONS(2)
NUMBER OF SHARES OR UNITS OF SHARES THAT HAVE NOT VESTED
MARKET OR PAYOUT VALUE OF SHARE-BASED AWARDS THAT HAVE NOT VESTED
NAME
(#)
($)
DATE
($)
(#)
($)
E. Hunter Harrison
145,000
48.08 US
2018/01/24
68,362,094
265,000(3)
11,866,700(4)
   
145,000
44.67 US
2017/01/25
           
   
190,000
44.93 US
2016/01/27
           
   
250,000
29.19 US
2015/01/28
           
   
1,080,000
20.42 CAD
2013/01/24
           
   
675,000
25.59 CAD
2012/01/25
           
   
600,000
16.67 CAD
2011/01/26
           
   
300,000
11.67 CAD
2010/01/25
           
Claude Mongeau
60,000
48.08 US
2018/01/24
10,260,829
53,000(3)
2,373,340(4)
  
46,000 
44.67 US
2017/01/25
  
5,723(5)
256,259(6)
   
60,000
44.93 US
2016/01/27
           
   
80,000
29.19 US
2015/01/28
           
   
324,000
20.42 CAD
2013/01/24
           
   
85,000
25.59 CAD
2012/01/25
           
James M. Foote
60,000
48.08 US
2018/01/24
8,939,639
53,000(3)
2,373,340(4)
   
46,000
44.67 US
2017/01/25
   
9,300(5) 
416,462(6) 
   
60,000
44.93 US
2016/01/27
           
   
80,000
29.19 US
2015/01/28
           
   
124,000
20.42 CAD
2013/01/24
           
   
270,000
25.59 CAD
2012/01/25
           
Keith E. Creel
60,000
48.08 US
2018/01/24
623,002
49,000(3)
2,194,220(4)
  
10,000 
53.01 US
2017/06/11
  
3,536(5)
158,320(6)
   
28,000
44.67 US
2017/01/25
         
   
40,000
44.93 US
2016/01/27
           
   
36,000
29.19 US
2015/01/28
           
   
13,000
22.41 CAD
2013/06/16
           
Sean Finn
42,000
48.08 US
2018/01/24
587,524
29,400(3)
1,316,532(4)
   
16,800
44.67 US
2017/01/25
           
   
24,000
44.93 US
2016/01/27
           
   
32,000
29.19 US
2015/01/28
           
   
12,000
20.42 CAD
2013/01/24
           
 
(1) 
Includes all stock options granted under the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan outstanding on December 31, 2008.
(2) 
The value of unexercised in-the-money options at financial year-end is the difference between the closing price of the common shares on December 31, 2008, on the New York Stock Exchange (US$36.76) for U.S. dollar denominated options, on the TSX (CAD$44.78) for Canadian dollar denominated options, and the exercise price. The value has been converted using the December 31, 2008 (1.2180) exchange rate for U.S. dollar denominated options. This value has not been, and may never be realized. The actual gains, if any, will depend on the value of the common shares on the date of exercise.
(3) 
Includes all restricted share units outstanding on December 31, 2008 that have not vested on such date under the Restricted Share Units Plan. Payouts for these units are conditional upon meeting performance criteria and a minimum share price condition that may or may not be achieved.
(4) 
The value of outstanding share units awarded under the Restricted Share Units Plan is based on the closing price of the common shares on December 31, 2008 on the TSX (CAD$44.78) assuming that targeted performance criteria and minimum share price condition will be met. In accordance with the plan, the actual payout may represent between 0% and 150% of the share units awarded.
(5) 
Includes the unvested company-matched deferred share units, under the Voluntary Incentive Deferral Plan that were awarded to the NEOs following the deferral of compensation in previous years. These awards vest annually over a period of four years. (See page 44, section Deferred Compensation Plans for a description of the plan.)
(6) 
The value of unvested company-matched deferred share units is based on the closing price of the common shares on December 31, 2008 on the TSX (CAD$44.78).
 
 
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Incentive Plan Awards – Value Vested or Earned During the Year

The following table shows the value from incentive plans vested or earned by Named Executive Officers under the Company’s incentive plans and the annual incentive bonus payout during the financial year ended December 31, 2008.

       
NON-EQUITY
   
OPTION-BASED
SHARE-BASED
INCENTIVE PLAN
   
AWARDS  VALUE
AWARDS  VALUE
COMPENSATION  VALUE
   
VESTED DURING
VESTED DURING
EARNED DURING
   
THE YEAR(1)
THE YEAR(2)
THE YEAR(3)
NAME
($)
($)
($)
E. Hunter Harrison
1,552,129
14,508,720(4)
3,575,195
Claude Mongeau
495,603
2,392,997(5)
569,293
James M. Foote
495,603
2,571,337(5)
569,293
Keith E. Creel
241,300
1,525,405(5)
510,707
Sean Finn
196,735
806,040
462,962

(1)
The value of the potential gains from options granted under the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan in 2005, 2006 and 2007 that have vested during the financial year. These grants all vest over four years, with 25% per year on each anniversary date (see section Management Long-term Incentive Plan for a description of the plan). The potential gains are calculated as the difference between the closing price of the common shares on each of the option grant vesting dates in 2008 and the exercise price, converted when applicable using the exchange rate on such vesting date (see Currency Exchange Information on page 52). This value has not been, and may never be realized. The actual gains, if any, will depend on the value of the common shares on the date of exercise.
(2)
Includes restricted share units granted in 2006 that have vested on December 31, 2008 under the Restricted Share Units Plan (see page 34, section Restricted Share Units: 2006 Award Payouts for a description of the plan). The value shown in the table has been calculated by multiplying the number of share units granted multiplied by the performance vesting factor of 150% and by the closing price of the common shares on December 31, 2008 on the TSX (CAD$44.78). As provided under the plan, the actual payout to the eligible executives have been made in February 2009, based on the 20-day average closing share price ending on January 31, 2009 (CAD$43.58/US$35.84).
(3) 
Represents the amount of bonus earned under the Annual Incentive Bonus Plan for the financial year ending on December 31, 2008 and payable in January 2009.
(4)
Also includes the vesting of 81,000 restricted share units on December 31, 2008. These units are the last vesting tranche of a special one-time grant of 405,000 restricted share units granted in April 2004. The value is calculated based on the number of share units vested multiplied by the closing price of the common shares on December 31, 2008 on the TSX (CAD$44.78). The actual payout was based on the 20-day average closing share price ending on December 31, 2008 of US$34.87 as per the terms of the award agreement.
(5) 
Also includes the company-matched deferred share units allocated to an executive following the deferral of compensation in previous years that have vested during the year (see page 44, section Deferred Compensation Plans for a description of the Voluntary Incentive Deferral Plan). The value is calculated based on the number of deferred share units vested multiplied by the closing price of the common shares on each day of the respective vesting dates in 2008.
 
Management Long-Term Incentive Plan

The Management Long-Term Incentive Plan (the Plan) was approved by the Company Shareholders on May 7, 1996 and amended on April 28, 1998, April 21, 2005, April 24, 2007 and on March 4, 2008.

Eligible participants under the Plan are employees of the Company or its affiliates as determined by the Board of Directors. Pursuant to an amendment approved by the Board of Directors on March 8, 2005, grants can no longer be made to non-executive Board directors under the Plan. While they remain as participants in the Plan for previous grants, the last time non-executive directors received options was in 2002. The maximum number of common shares that may be issued under the Plan is 60,000,000. The following table provides information on the status of the reserve and the number of shares issued and issuable under the Plan, as at February 27, 2009.

O P T I O N S  O U T S TA N D I N G  A N D  AVA I L A B L E  F O R  G R A N T  O N  F E B R UA R Y  2 7 , 2 0 0 9

  
# COMMON
% OF OUTSTANDING
  
SHARES
COMMON SHARES
Options already granted
     
and outstanding
 14,140,334
3.02
Options issuable under the Plan
12,348,434
2.64
Shares issued following the exercise
     
of options
33,511,232
7.16
 
The maximum number of common shares that may be issued and/or be the subject of a grant to any one participant in a particular year is 20% of the awards in that year. The maximum aggregate number of common shares, with regard to which awards may be made to any participant under the Plan and under any other plan which the Company has or may eventually have, shall not exceed 5% of the common shares issued and outstanding. Also pursuant to the March 8, 2005 amendment, the maximum number of common shares with regard to which awards may be made during a calendar year is limited to 1% of the outstanding common shares at the beginning of that year. Options are non-transferable except, in certain circumstances, upon the death of the holder of such options.

S T O C K  O P T I O N S  F E AT U R E S

Exercise price
At least equal to the closing share price of the common shares on the TSX or the NYSE on the grant date, granted in the same currency as the recipient’s salary.
Option period
10 years
Vesting criteria
  Options may become exercisable upon anniversary date (conventional options) and/or upon meeting performance targets (performance options) as established for each grant.
  
  Since 2005, grants have been of conventional options, which vest over four years, 25% at each anniversary.

 
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Stock options shall be cancelled upon the termination of a participant's employment for cause or if the participant voluntarily terminates employment. In the event that a participant's employment is terminated by the Company other than for cause, all stock options held by such participant shall be cancelled three months after termination of the participant's employment. In the case of retirement, options are cancelled three years after the retirement date. In the event of a participant's death, all available options may be exercised by the estate for a period of twelve months. These conditions are subject to the discretion of the Committee.

At the 2007 annual meeting of shareholders, shareholders approved an ordinary resolution confirming the addition of new amendment provisions to the Plan. Such amendment provisions state that the Board of Directors or the Committee, as provided in the Plan or pursuant to a specific delegation and in accordance with applicable legislation and regulations, may amend any of the provisions of the Plan or suspend or terminate the Plan or amend the terms of any then outstanding award of options under the Plan (“Options); provided, however, that the Company shall obtain shareholder approval for:

 
i.
any amendment to the maximum number of common shares issuable under the Plan, except for adjustments in the event that such shares are subdivided, consolidated, converted or reclassified by the Company or that any other action of a similar nature affecting such shares is taken by the Company (a “Share Adjustment);
ii.
any amendment which would allow non-employee directors to be eligible for new awards under the Plan;
iii.
any amendment which would permit any Option granted under the Plan to be transferable or assignable other than by will or pursuant to succession laws (estate settlements);
iv.
the addition of a cashless exercise feature, payable in cash or common shares, which does not provide for a full deduction of the number of underlying shares from the Plan reserve;
 
v.
the addition in the Plan of deferred or restricted share unit provisions or any other provisions which results in participants receiving common shares while no cash consideration is received by the Company;
 
vi.
any reduction in the exercise price of an Option after the Option has been granted to a participant or any cancellation of an Option and the substitution of that Option by a new Option with a reduced exercise price granted to the same participant, except in the case of a Share Adjustment;
vii.
any extension to the term of an outstanding Option beyond the original expiry date, except in case of an extension due to a blackout period;
viii.
any increase to the maximum number of common shares that may be issued:
a.
under the Plan to any one participant during any calendar year; or
b.
under the Plan and under any other plan to any one participant; and
ix.
the addition in the Plan of any form of financial assistance and any amendment to a financial assistance provision which is more favourable to participants.

No amendment, suspension or termination shall, except with the written consent or the deemed consent of the participants concerned, affect the terms and conditions of Options previously granted under the Plan, unless the rights of the participants shall then have terminated in accordance with the Plan.

On March 4, 2008, the Plan was amended to include a “double trigger provision”. Pursuant to such provisions, provided that a proper substitute is granted, the vesting of non-performance based options held by a participant would not accelerate upon a Change of Control, unless the participant is terminated without cause or resigns for good reasons. Please refer to “Change of Control Provision” on page 38 for more details on such amendment.

Deferred Compensation Plans

The Company introduced in 2002 its Voluntary Incentive Deferral Plan. This plan allows NEOs and other senior management employees to elect to defer up to 100% of their annual bonus, restricted share unit payouts and other amounts paid under an eligible incentive plan (as approved by the Board of Directors) into deferred share units (“DSUs) payable in cash upon retirement or termination of employment. A deferred share unit is equivalent to a common share of the Company and earns notional dividends, which are re-invested into additional deferred share units, when cash dividends are paid on the Company's common shares. The amount deferred is converted into a number of units at the deferral date, using the 20-day average closing share price. Elections are made at least six months prior to the end of the performance period of the incentive plan. The maximum total amount participants can defer in DSUs is equivalent to their ownership requirement under the Stock Ownership guidelines (see section “Other Compensation Policies of the Company” on page 37 for a description of the Stock Ownership). The election to receive eligible incentive payments in deferred share units is not available to a participant when the value of the participant's vested deferred share unit account is sufficient to meet the Company's stock ownership guidelines.

The Company also credits a company match equal to 25% of the number of deferred share units. These company-matched deferred share units vest over a period of four years (25% per year) from the deferral date.
 
 
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The payout of the deferred share units is established based on the 20-day average closing share price at the retirement or termination date and includes the vested company-matched deferred share units as well as accrued notional dividends over the deferral period. Payment for eligible Canadian executives is made in a lump sum within two months following the termination. In compliance with U.S. tax regulations, for eligible U.S. tax payers, payment of amounts deferred or vested after December 31, 2004 is made after a six-month waiting period in a lump sum or in monthly instalments not exceeding 10 years, in accordance with the executive's irrevocable election.

Because of its tax effectiveness and the additional Company match, this plan provides an opportunity for executives to increase their stake in the Company, linking their future returns to the share price performance.

Certain executives hold deferred share units, payable upon their retirement or termination date, which vested in January 2001 in accordance with past awards made under the Senior Executive Bonus Share Plan. No additional awards may be made under this plan.

No modification to the nature of the deferrals under both plans can be made, unless the Board of Directors approves an amendment of the plans.

Employment Contracts/ Arrangements

Effective January 1, 2003, Mr. Harrison was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. On April 22, 2004, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Harrison which replaced his previous employment agreement and provided the terms of his employment until December 31, 2008 (the “Agreement). On November 30, 2006, the Agreement was amended to extend the term of Mr. Harrison's employment to December 31, 2009.

The following table summarizes the relevant terms and conditions of the Agreement and the subsequent amendment:

Base Salary
Minimum increase of 5% per year
Annual Incentive
Target bonus at 140% of base salary and maximum
Bonus Plan
payout of 280%
Special one-time award of restricted share units on April 22, 2004
405,000 restricted share units, 20% vesting per year with payout starting on December 31, 2004
Taxes
Tax equalization provisions to compensate for higher tax liability in Canada, if any, and tax gross-up in specified situations
Pension
·  Upon retirement on January 1, 2009, annual pension benefit of US$1,300,000 (CAD$1,583,400)
·  Upon retirement on January 1, 2010, annual pension benefit of US$1,500,000 (CAD$1,827,000)
Spousal Survivor Benefits
70% of annual pension benefit
Post-retirement benefits
·  Medical benefits
·  Life insurance of US$1,000,000 (CAD$1,218,000)
Stock Options
·  Entitled to exercise stock options for five years after retirement
·  Continued vesting for five years after retirement
Non-compete and non-solicitation
Eligible for an annual payment of US$350,000 (CAD$426,300) per year for two years providing compliance with the restrictions

Mr. Harrison is also eligible to participate in other Company plans, as offered to other NEOs.

The Agreement also sets out termination of employment clauses which are described in the “Termination and Change of Control Benefits” section below.

The Agreement does not have formal change of control provisions in place. However, a certain number of the compensation plans in which Mr. Harrison participates, like other executives, have provisions in the event of a change of control, which are described in the “Termination and Change of Control Benefits” section below.

Mr. Harrison's entitlement to retirement benefits is disclosed in the “Pension Plan Benefits” section.
 
 
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It is the Company's policy, for efficiency and security reasons, to require that the CEO use Company aircraft for personal as well as business use. It is also a condition of Mr. Harrison's employment arrangements with CN. Following Mr. Harrison's retirement, the Company's policy will require that the use of corporate aircraft be solely for business purposes for all executive officers of CN.

The Company has not entered into formal employment agreements with the other Named Executive Officers.

Pension Plan Benefits

Canadian Pension Plans

Named Executive Officers participate in the Company's principal pension plan and senior management pension plan (the latter was introduced January 1, 2004), which are defined benefit plans providing pensions based on pensionable years of service and highest average earnings. The pension amounts are payable in Canadian currency and U.S. amounts were converted using the monthly closing rate of December 2008 of 1.218.

Highest average earnings are the average annual pensionable earnings during the last 60 months of compensated service or the best five consecutive calendar years, whichever is greater. Pensionable earnings consist of salary and overtime in the principal pension plan and also include the bonuses paid by the Company under the Annual Incentive Bonus Plan (up to target levels) in the senior management pension plan. Retirement benefits payable under the Company's principal pension plan and senior management pension plan are subject to a maximum aggregate annual retirement benefit of CAD$2,333.33 per year of pensionable service for 2008. Subject to the maximum benefit described above, the combined benefit in the principal pension plan and senior management pension plan is calculated as:

-
2.0% of highest average earnings for each year of pensionable service before 1966

plus

-
1.7% of highest average earnings up to the average year's maximum pensionable earnings (YMPE) as defined under the Canada Pension Plan for each year of pensionable service after 1965

plus

-
2.0% of highest average earnings in excess of the YMPE for each year of pensionable service after 1965.

Senior executives who have at least two years of service and who execute an agreement, including a non-competition clause, are eligible for additional retirement income, charged to operating funds. This plan is called the Special Retirement Stipend (“SRS). If the senior executive became eligible for the SRS plan on or after July 1, 2002, his or her additional retirement income benefit will not vest unless such senior executive remains in active service until the age of 55. Accrued additional retirement income benefits are guaranteed through a letter of credit. The annual pension of an individual's additional retirement income is equal to 2% of that individual's portion of actual average earnings that is greater than the maximum average earnings recognized by the Company's principal pension plan or the senior management pension plan, multiplied by the number of years of service (maximum 35 years) of that individual.

The recognized maximum average earnings under the Company's principal pension plan or the senior management pension plan was approximately CAD$123,036 for 2008. In January 1996, the definition of “salary” under the SRS plan was extended to include the bonuses paid by the Company under the Annual Incentive Bonus Plan after 1995, up to the target bonuses relating to the year for which such bonuses were earned. If the aggregate of any given individual's age and years of service is at least 85, and such individual is age 55 or over, both the pension benefits and additional retirement income become payable to such senior executive who retires prior to age 65. The Pension benefits under the Company's principal pension plan or the senior management pension plan for retirement with 85 points are subject to company consent.

Messrs. Finn and Mongeau had respectively 15 years and 14 years and 8 months of credited service under the Company's principal pension plan, senior management pension plan and SRS as at December 31, 2008.

A defined contribution retirement plan was introduced for non-unionized employees in Canada on January 1, 2006. Non-unionized employees had a one-time opportunity to either join the new defined contribution retirement plan or maintain participation in the Company's principal pension plan (and senior management pension plan for executives and senior management employees) mentioned above. Messrs. Finn and Mongeau elected to remain in the Company's principal pension plan and senior management pension plan. Employees hired on or after January 1, 2006 as non-unionized automatically join the new defined contribution retirement plan.
 
 
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U.S. Pension Plans

Mr. Harrison does not participate in the Company's principal pension plan, senior management pension plan and SRS plan. The Company originally guaranteed Mr. Harrison that upon his termination of employment with the Company, his total supplemental retirement benefits would not be less than the benefits that would have been provided under the Illinois Central Railroad Company (“ICR) Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan in effect prior to March 30, 1998, had he continued his service with ICR and continued participation in such plan. Mr. Harrison's total retirement benefits come from the following plans:

EXECUTIVE ACCOUNT BALANCE PLAN

The ICR's Executive Account Balance Plan provides for a sum equivalent to 10% of Mr. Harrison's combined salary and payout under the Annual Incentive Bonus Plan in excess of a wage offset factor to be accrued annually (but not funded), and is payable upon retirement or termination of employment. The wage offset factor is adjusted annually by the percentage increase in the U.S. social security wage base. For 2008, the wage offset factor was CAD$207,060. Interest credits are given each month using the Wall Street Journal prime rate determined bi-annually. The rate of return was 7.25% for the first half of 2008 and 5.00% for the second half. This plan was frozen as of December 31, 2000 and, for Mr. Harrison, replaced by a new plan with the same provisions as of January 1, 2001.

NON-QUALIFIED SUPPLEMENTAL DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLAN

The ICR's Supplemental Defined Contribution Plan provides for an annual accrual equivalent to 2% of Mr. Harrison's base salary (capped at the annual 401(a)(17) limit). Amounts are accrued on an unfunded basis and interest credits are given using the actual 401(k) investment return. Prior to 2001, this benefit was part of the ICR 401(k). This plan was frozen as of December 31, 2000 and, for Mr. Harrison, replaced by a new plan with the same provisions as of January 1, 2001.

QUALIFIED SAVINGS PLAN (401(K))

Mr. Harrison is eligible to participate in the Canadian National Railway Company Management Savings Plan for U.S. Operations (the “Savings Plan), which is a qualified 401(k) plan. Mr. Harrison may make “pre-tax” contributions to the Savings Plan subject to limitations imposed by the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. Those contributions are partially matched by the ICR. The matching contribution is limited to 50% of the first 6% of Mr. Harrison's pre-tax salary (i.e., the matching contribution is limited to 3% of his salary). All contributions are fully vested upon contribution and are invested in various investment funds as selected by Mr. Harrison.

EXCESS BENEFIT PLAN

Under ICR's Excess Benefit Plan, amounts are accrued for Mr. Harrison on an unfunded basis to offset the limitations imposed by the U.S. Internal Revenue Code with respect to certain benefit plans as a result of the level of Mr. Harrison's compensation. Currently, the Excess Benefit Plan provides for the accrual of a sum in excess of the employer's matching contribution under the Savings Plan which is restricted by the limits of Section 402(g) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. The amounts accrued will be distributed upon retirement or termination of employment.

Prior to 2001, the ICR 401(k) provided, in addition to the 50% match on the first 6% of pay, a 2% Company paid contribution on earnings (capped at the annual 401(a)(17) limit). To make up for the limits in the pre-2001 ICR 401(k), the Excess Benefit Plan also provided a supplemental 2% in excess of the annual 401(a)(17) limit. This plan was frozen as of December 31, 2000 and, for Mr. Harrison, replaced by a new plan with the same provisions as of January 1, 2001.

Amounts accrued and vested after December 31, 2004 by Mr. Harrison in the ICR's Executive Account Balance Plan, Excess Benefit Plan and Supplemental Defined Contribution Plan cannot be paid earlier than 6 months after retirement or termination of employment.

DEFINED BENEFIT PLAN

A tax-qualified defined benefit retirement plan was introduced for ICR's non-unionized employees on January 1, 2001. Highest average earnings are the average annual pensionable earnings during the best 60 full consecutive months in the last 120 full consecutive months of employment. Pensionable earnings consist of salary and overtime. However, pensionable earnings are capped at the average of the Internal Revenue Code limit (CAD$265,524 in 2008), over the last five years. The benefit is equal to 0.4% of highest average earnings plus 0.3% of highest average earnings in excess of Railroad Retirement Board average covered compensation (CAD$85,357 in 2008) times years and months of credited service (maximum 35 years). The benefit is payable without reduction at age 65 or age 60 if the employee has 30 years of credited service or 30 years of Railroad Retirement Service.

SUPPLEMENTAL EXECUTIVE RETIREMENT PLAN

ICR established the Illinois Central Corporation Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan effective as of January 1, 1994 (the “old SERP). Mr. Harrison is covered by the old SERP. Mr. Harrison's annual benefit under the old SERP shall be US$1,300,000 (CAD$1,583,400) annually. This amount will be increased by US$200,000 (CAD$243,600) if he remains employed by the Company until December 31, 2009 which is the last year of his Agreement. Benefits cannot be paid earlier than 6 months after retirement or termination of employment.
 
 
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Mr. Foote joined the Company on August 23, 1995. Mr. Foote is covered by a special pension arrangement, which credits him with two years of service for each year of service for his first 10 years of service with the Company. Exceptionally, the Company decided to grant additional years of service upon hire to compensate the pension loss for Mr. Foote since he joined CN late in his career.

During Mr. Foote's service from August 23, 1995 to December 31, 2000, he participated in the Company's principal pension plan until March 31, 2000, when he transferred from Canada to the United States. Mr. Foote's pension benefits under his special pension arrangement, which are totally vested to him, are equal to the pension benefits he would have been entitled to if he had been participating in the Company's principal pension plan and SRS plan for twice the number of years of service since August 23, 1995, being twice five years and 4.35 months, less the pension payable under the Company's principal pension plan and senior management pension plan. The pension benefits under the special pension arrangement are payable from the Company's operating funds.

For Mr. Foote's service since December 31, 2000, he has been participating in the Savings Plan and Defined Benefit Plan mentioned above. He has also been participating in the new Supplemental Retirement Plan (new SERP) of ICR under which he was credited, as mentioned above, with two years of service for each year of service with ICR until August 22, 2005, inclusively. The annual SERP pension is equal to 2% of Mr. Foote's Highest Average Earnings, multiplied by the number of years of credited service (maximum 35 years) minus the offsets described below. Highest average earnings are the average pensionable earnings during the best 60 consecutive months of compensated service out of the last 120 months multiplied by 12 and consist of salary, overtime and also include the bonuses paid by the Company under the Annual Incentive Bonus Plan (up to target levels). Mr. Foote's SERP pension is offset by (i) the qualified Defined Benefit Plan pension for his service after December 31, 2000; (ii) the U.S. Railroad Retirement Board Tier 2 pension for his service after December 31, 2000; (iii) the amount of single life annuity that can be purchased with the 3% employer contributions available under the Savings Plan. The benefit is payable without reduction at age 65 or age 60 if the employee has 30 years of credited service or 30 years of Railroad Retirement Service. Employees participating in the new SERP had until December 31, 2008 to elect to receive the benefit on another date but no earlier than 6 months after retirement or termination of employment. Benefits cannot be paid earlier than age 55.

Mr. Foote had 12 years and 8 months of credited service under the new SERP as of December 31, 2008.

Mr. Creel joined ICR on April 1, 1996. Since December 31, 2000, he has been participating in the Defined Benefit Plan mentioned above. He has also been participating in the Savings Plan and new SERP of ICR mentioned above. Mr. Creel no longer accrues service in the Defined Benefit Plan or new SERP but participates in the following plans:

CN RETIREMENT CONTRIBUTION OPTION

A new employer contribution option was introduced for U.S. non-unionized employees on January 1, 2006. Non-unionized employees had a one-time opportunity to either join the new CN Retirement Contribution Option or maintain participation in the Defined Benefit Pension Plan mentioned above. Mr. Creel elected to participate in the new CN Retirement Contribution Option, which provides for an additional employer contribution of 3.5% of base pay to the Savings Plan, subject to limitations imposed by the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. Employer contributions made in 2006 are vested after five years of service with the Company and employer contributions made in 2007 or after are vested after three years of service with the Company. Contributions are invested in various investment funds as selected by the employee.

DEFINED CONTRIBUTION SUPPLEMENTAL EXECUTIVE RETIREMENT PROGRAM (“DC SERP”)

The DC SERP complements the CN Retirement Contribution Option described above. The DC SERP is a stand-alone plan, which provides contributions on eligible compensation without regard to the limitations imposed by the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. Contributions are vested after two years of service with the Company and cannot be paid earlier than 6 months after retirement or termination of employment. Mr. Creel receives a percentage of base pay and bonus under the Annual Incentive Bonus Plan (up to target level).

The percentage depends on the age and service as follows:

POINTS (SUM OF AGE AND SERVICE)
Up to 39
5% of eligible compensation
40-49
6%
50-59
7%
Above 60
8%
Mr. Creel has 9.75 years of service in the new SERP and 3 years of participation in the CN Retirement Contribution Option and DC SERP.
 
 
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Defined Benefit Plans Tables

The following amounts of accrued obligation have been calculated using the same actuarial assumptions as those used in Note 12 and Note 13 Pensions, on page 78 of the 2008 and 2007 Annual report, respectively, available on the Company's website at www.cn.ca and on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. The amounts calculated in this table are estimates only and are based on assumptions, which may or may not materialize. Amounts shown in this table include pension benefits from the Company's defined benefit registered pension plans and non-registered supplemental pension arrangements.

       
ANNUAL BENEFITS PAYABLE
   
COMPENSATORY CHANGE(1)
($)
       
NAME
NUMBER OF YEARS CREDITED SERVICE
(#)
AT YEAR END
($)
AT AGE 65(2)
($)
ACCRUED OBLIGATION AT START OF YEAR(3)
($)
SERVICE COST
IMPACT OF SALARY/BONUS ON ACCRUED OBLIGATION
NON-COMPENSATORY CHANGE(4)
($)
ACCRUED OBLIGATION AT YEAR END(3)
($)
E. Hunter Harrison(5)
N/A
1,596,000
1,842,000
13,324,000
1,378,000
0
3,530,000
18,232,000
Claude Mongeau
14.67
278,000
658,000
2,261,000
156,000
(80,000)
(279,000)
2,058,000
James M. Foote(6)
12.67
425,000
636,000
3,956,000
163,000
(198,000)
610,000
4,531,000
Keith E. Creel(7)
9.75
104,000
155,000
881,000
0
173,000
347,000
1,401,000
Sean Finn
15
206,000
536,000
1,825,000
131,000
76,000
(164,000)
1,868,000

(1)
The change in benefit obligation that is attributable to compensation includes the service cost net of employee contributions and the increase in earnings in excess or below what was assumed. The service cost is the estimated value of the benefits accrued during the calendar year. These amounts exclude the employee's contributions, if any.
(2)
The projected pension is based on current compensation levels and assumes the executive will receive 80% of the target bonus for the years after 2008.
(3)
The accrued obligation is the value of the benefits accrued for all service to the specified date.
(4)
The change in benefit obligation that is not compensatory includes employee contributions, interest cost, change in assumptions and gains and losses other than for difference in earnings. The impact on the accrued obligation at the end of 2008 relating to the change in assumptions was mainly due to the fluctuation in the exchange rate which increased the accrued obligation and the increase in the discount rate used to value the Canadian Pension Plans which decreased the accrued obligation.
(5)
Does not include former ICR non-registered cash plans described on the Defined Contribution Plans table. The SERP benefit payable to Mr. Harrison is not based on credited service. Mr. Harrison has 8 years of credited service in the registered defined benefit plan.
(6)
Mr. Foote has a special pension arrangement as described on page 48 in the “U.S. Pension Plans” section.
(7)
Mr. Creel no longer accrues service in the Defined Benefit Plan or new SERP since he started participating in the CN Retirement Contribution Option and DC SERP on January 1, 2006.

The following table provides the total accrued obligation for CN's non-registered defined benefit plans (SRS, old SERP and new SERP). These amounts were determined using the same actuarial assumptions as those used in Note 12 and Note 13 Pensions, on page 78 of the 2008 and 2007 Annual report, respectively, available on the Company's website at www.cn.ca and on SEDAR at www.sedar.com, and include the benefit obligation of active, deferred and retired senior management and executive members.

PLANS
ACCRUED OBLIGATION AT START OF YEAR
($)
ACCRUED OBLIGATION AT YEAR END
($)
SRS, OLD SERP and NEW SERP
178,200,000
173,400,000

Defined Contribution Plans Table

Amounts shown in this table include amounts from the Company's registered and non-registered defined contribution plans. No withdrawals or distributions are permitted before the following executives terminate from the Company.

NAME
ACCUMULATED VALUE AT START OF YEAR
($)
COMPENSATORY
AMOUNT(1)
($)
NON-COMPENSATORY AMOUNT(2)
($)
ACCUMULATED VALUE AT YEAR END
($)
E. Hunter Harrison(3)
6,746,731
242,129
1,257,426
8,246,286
James M. Foote(4)
289,370
6,840
(62,885)
233,325
Keith E. Creel(5)
299,934
21,803
25,348
347,085

(1)
Represents employer contributions.
(2)
Represents employee contributions if any, and interest gains and losses.
(3)
Mr. Harrison participates in the Savings Plan, Executive Account Balance Plan, Excess Benefit Plan and Non-Qualified Supplemental Defined Contribution Plan.
(4)
Mr. Foote participates in the Savings Plan.
(5)
Mr. Creel participates in the Savings Plan, CN Retirement Contribution Option and DC SERP.
 
 
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Termination and Change of Control Benefits

Except for the President and Chief Executive Officer, the Company does not have contractual arrangements or other agreements in connection with termination, resignation, retirement, change of control or a change in responsibilities of a Named Executive Officer, other than the conditions provided in the compensation plans, and summarized as followed:

 
RESIGNATION
INVOLUNTARY TERMINATION
RETIREMENT
CHANGE OF CONTROL 
TERMINATION FOR CAUSE
Annual Incentive Bonus Plan
Forfeits eligibility to the plan
Entitled to a bonus based on corporate and individual performance and prorated on active service in plan year
Entitled to a bonus based on corporate and individual performance and prorated on active service in plan year
No specific provision 
Forfeits eligibility to the plan
Stock Options
Forfeits - all stock options are cancelled
Continued vesting for 3 months - Exercise of vested options within 3 months
Continued vesting for 3 years - Exercise of vested options within 3 years
Grants made prior to March 4, 2008
·  Immediate vesting of conventional options
Grants made since March 4, 2008
·  If proper substitute is granted, accelerated vesting would occur only if participant is terminated without cause or resigns for good reason within 2 years
Forfeits - all stock options are cancelled
Restricted Shares Units
Forfeits - all RSUs are cancelled
Partial payout if meeting performance criteria and prorated based on service during the plan period
Full payout if meeting performance criteria(continued vesting)
Grants made prior to March 4, 2008
·  Immediate vesting of all RSUs prorated based on the plan period
Grants made since March 4, 2008
·  If proper substitute granted, accelerated vesting would occur only if participant is terminated without cause or resigns for good reason within 2 years
Forfeits - all RSUs are cancelled
Deferred Share Units
Payment of all vested units, including the vested “Company-matched” DSUs
Payment of all vested units, including the vested “Company-matched” DSUs
Payment of all vested units, including the vested “Company-matched” DSUs
Accelerated vesting of unvested
Company-matched” DSUs
Payment of all vested units, including the vested “Company- matched” DSUs
Pension Plan
Payment of vested benefits
Payment of vested benefits
Payment of vested benefits
Payment of vested benefits
Payment of vested benefits
SRS/SERP
Payment of vested benefits
Payment of vested benefits
Payment of vested benefits
Payment of vested benefits
Payment of vested benefits for the SERP/ SRS benefits forfeited

Severance entitlement payable to the NEOs other than Mr. Harrison would generally be determined in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

The contractual arrangement for the President and Chief Executive Officer provides for:
In case of termination by the Company without cause or resignation by Mr. Harrison for good reason: a severance equivalent to three times his annual salary and annual incentive at target as well as the continuation of his employee benefits for three years and the ownership of the Company automobile.
In case of retirement: five years of continued vesting following retirement and ability to exercise options during the same period.
Post-retirement medical benefits and a life insurance coverage equal to US$1 million.
Non-compete and non-solicitation restrictions upon termination of employment for any reason, in respect of which he is entitled to receive US$350,000 per year for a two-year period providing he complies with the restrictions.
 
 
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The following tables show the incremental benefits that NEOs would be entitled to had their employment been terminated on December 31, 2008 under involuntary termination, retirement and change of control.

I N V O L U N T A R Y  T E R M I N AT I O N

   
RESTRICTED SHARE UNITS PLAN(2)
($)
STOCK OPTIONS(3)
($)
SEVERANCE BENEFITS
($)
NON-COMPETE/NON-SOLICITATION
($)
TOTAL
($)
E. Hunter Harrison(1)
6,030,373
576,647
14,732,928
852,600(5)
22,192,548
Claude Mongeau
1,134,427
184,527
(4)
1,318,954
James M. Foote
1,134,427
184,527
(4)
1,318,954
Keith E. Creel
940,380
83,037
(4)
1,023,417
Sean Finn
564,228
73,811
(4)
638,039

(1)
Mr. Harrison would also be entitled to an increase of US$200,000 in his SERP annual pension benefit as if retirement had occurred on December 31, 2009.
(2)
NEOs would be eligible to the portion of restricted share units granted in 2007 and 2008 that would have vested upon a termination on December 31, 2008. Any payout would be conditional upon meeting the plan's performance vesting conditions. The value shown assumes that performance targets will be met for each of the awards. The value has been calculated by multiplying the number of share units that would have vested by the closing price of the common shares on December 31, 2008 on the TSX (CAD$44.78).
(3)
NEOs would be eligible to continued vesting for a three-month period following termination for options granted in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008. The value shown is equal to the number of options that would vest during the period multiplied by the difference between the closing price of the common shares on December 31, 2008 and the exercise price, converted using the December 31, 2008 (1.2180) exchange rate for U.S. dollar denominated options.
(4)
Any severance amount would be determined in accordance with applicable legal requirements.
(5)
Value of US$350,000 payable for 2 years converted using an exchange rate of 1.2180.

R E T I R E M E N T

   
RESTRICTED SHARE UNITS PLAN(1)
($)
STOCK OPTIONS(2)
($)
NON-COMPETE/NON-SOLICITATION
($)
TOTAL
($)
E. Hunter Harrison
11,866,700
576,647
852,600(3)
13,295,947
Claude Mongeau
2,373,340
184,527
2,557,867
James M. Foote
2,373,340
184,527
2,557,867
Keith E. Creel
2,194,220
83,037
2,277,257
Sean Finn
1,316,532
73,811
1,390,343

(1)
NEOs would be eligible to continued vesting following retirement for the restricted share units granted in 2007 and 2008. Any payout would be conditional upon meeting the plan's performance vesting conditions. The value shown assumes that performance targets will be met for each of the awards. The value has been calculated by multiplying the number of share units that would have vested by the closing price of the common shares on December 31, 2008 on the TSX (CAD$44.78).
(2)
NEOs would be eligible to continued vesting over three years following retirement for options granted in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008. Mr. Harrison would be eligible to continued vesting over five years following retirement, as per his employment contract. The value shown is equal to the number of options that would vest during the period multiplied by the difference between the closing price of the common shares on December 31, 2008 and the exercise price, converted using the December 31, 2008 (1.2180) exchange rate for U.S. dollar denominated options.
(3)
Value of US$350,000 payable for 2 years converted using an exchange rate of 1.2180.

C H A N G E  O F  C O N T R O L

   
RESTRICTED SHARE
UNITS PLAN(1)
($)
STOCK OPTIONS(2)
($)
DEFERRED SHARE
UNITS(3)
($)
TOTAL
($)
E. Hunter Harrison
6,030,373
576,647
6,607,020
Claude Mongeau
1,134,427
184,527
256,259
1,575,213
James M. Foote
1,134,427
184,527
416,462
1,735,416
Keith E. Creel
1,015,013
83,037
158,320
1,256,370
Sean Finn
564,228
73,811
638,039

(1)
NEOs would be eligible to immediate vesting following a change of control for restricted share units granted in 2007 and 2008. Any payout would be conditional upon meeting the plan's performance vesting conditions. The value shown assumes that performance targets will be met for each of the awards. The value has been calculated by multiplying the number of share units that would have vested by the closing price of the common shares on December 31, 2008 on the TSX (CAD$44.78).
(2)
NEOs would be eligible to immediate vesting following a change of control for options granted in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008. The value shown is equal to the number of options that would vest multiplied by the difference between the closing price of the common shares on December 31, 2008 and the exercise price, converted using the December 31, 2008 (1.2180) exchange rate for U.S. dollar denominated options.
(3)
NEOs would be eligible to immediate vesting of the “company-matched” deferred share units allocated to an executive following the deferral of compensation. The value is calculated based on the number of deferred share units vesting multiplied by the closing price of the common shares on December 31, 2008 on the TSX (CAD$44.78).
 
 
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Currency Exchange Information

Compensation disclosed in the section “Statement of Executive Compensation” that is paid in U.S. dollars has been converted using the following currency exchange rates.

   
Exchange rate used
Actual rate 1 USD = X CAD
·  Salary
·  All other compensation
Average rate during the year
2008: 1.0660
·  Annual incentive plan
When bonus is earned i.e. December 31
December 31, 2008: 1.2180
·  Pension value
·  Value of unexercised in-the-money options
·  Market value of share-based awards that have not vested
·  Non-equity incentive plan compensation - Value earned during the year
·  Termination scenarios - incremental costs
December 31, 2008
December 31, 2008: 1.2180
·  Option-based awards - Value vested during the year
Actual vesting date of the grants made on:
·  January 25, 2007
·  June 11, 2007
·  January 27, 2006
·  January 28, 2005
·  January 25, 2008: 1.0070
·  June 11, 2008: 1.0200
·  January 27, 2008: 1.0070
·  January 28, 2008: 1.0044

 
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OTHER INFORMATION
 
 
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
 
The table below indicates, as at December 31, 2008, certain information with respect to the Companys Management Long-Term Incentive Plan.
 
PLAN CATEGORY
NUMBER OF SECURITIES TO BE
ISSUED UPON EXERCISE
OF OUTSTANDING OPTIONS,
WARRANTS AND RIGHTS
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE EXERCISE
PRICE OF OUTSTANDING OPTIONS,
WARRANTS AND RIGHTS
(CAD$)
NUMBER OF SECURITIES
REMAINING AVAILABLE FOR
FUTURE ISSUANCE UNDER
EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS
(EXCLUDING SECURITIES
REFLECTED IN THE FIRST COLUMN)
Equity compensation plans approved by securityholders
13,052,905
29.16
13,537,520
Equity compensation plans not approved by securityholders
Nil
Nil
Nil
Total
13,052,905
29.16
13,537,520
 
Indebtedness of Directors and Executive Officers

As of February 27, 2009, there was no outstanding indebtedness of current and former directors, officers and employees of the Company and its subsidiaries, whether entered into in connection with the purchase of common shares of the Company or otherwise.

Interest of Informed Persons and Others in Material Transactions

The management of the Company is not aware of any material interest, direct or indirect, of any informed person of the Company, any proposed director or any associate or affiliate of any informed person or proposed director in any transaction since the commencement of the Companys most recently completed financial year, or in any proposed transaction, that has materially affected or would materially affect the Company or any of its affiliates or subsidiaries.

Directors  and Officers’ Insurance

The Company has purchased, at its expense, group liability insurance in the annual aggregate amount of CAD$200,000,000, with a deductible to the Company which varies from CAD$1,000,000 to CAD$2,500,000, for the protection of directors and officers of the Company and its subsidiaries against liability incurred by them in such capacity. The premium paid in the financial year ending December 31, 2008 was approximately CAD$2,087,443 for the 12 months ending September 30, 2009. The Company also carries excess directors and officers liability insurance for non-indemnifiable claims in the amount of CAD$25,000,000 in excess of the above. The premium paid for such excess liability insurance in the financial year ending December 31, 2008 was approximately CAD$280,250 for the 12 months ending September 30, 2009. The directors and officers excess liability insurance is not subject to any deductible.

Shareholder Proposals

Shareholder proposals to be considered at the 2010 annual meeting of shareholders must be received at the head office of the Company no later than December 4, 2009, to be included in the Information Circular for such annual meeting.

Availability of Documents

The Company is a reporting issuer in Canada and the United States and is required to file various documents, including an annual information form and financial statements. Financial information is provided in the Companys comparative financial statements and managements discussion and analysis for its most recently completed financial year. Copies of these documents and additional information relating to the Company are available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com or may be obtained on request from the Corporate Secretary of the Company.

Approval

The Board of Directors of the Company has approved the contents of this Information Circular and its sending to the shareholders.

 

(Signed) Sean Finn
EXECUTIVE VICE-PRESIDENT,
CORPORATE SERVICES AND CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER


March 3, 2009
 
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SCHEDULE “A” – MANDATE OF THE BOARD
 
The Board has clearly delineated its role and the role of management. The role of the Board is to supervise the management of CNs business and affairs, with the objective of increasing shareholder value. Managements role is to conduct the day-to-day operations in a way that will meet this objective.
 
The Board approves all matters expressly required herein, under the Canada Business Corporations Act and other applicable legislation and CNs Articles and By-laws. The Board may assign to Board committees the prior review of any issues it is responsible for, or as required by applicable laws. Board committee recommendations are generally subject to Board approval. The Board has delegated the approval of certain matters to management pursuant to its Standing Resolutions on Delegation of Authority, as amended from time to time.
 
Meetings of the Board are held at least nine times a year and as necessary.
 
As part of its stewardship responsibility, the Board advises management on significant business issues and has the following responsibilities:

A.  
Approving CNs strategy
-  
adopting a strategic planning process, approving and reviewing, on at least an annual basis, a business plan and a strategic framework which take into account, among other things, the opportunities and risks of the business, and monitoring the implementation of the business plan by management.

B.  
Assessing and overseeing the succession planning of executive management
-  
choosing the President and Chief Executive Officer (the “President and CEO), appointing executive management and monitoring President and CEO and executive management performance taking into consideration Board expectations and fixed objectives, approving the President and CEOs corporate goals and objectives and approving annually President and CEO and executive management compensation;
-  
ensuring that an appropriate portion of President and CEO and executive management compensation is tied to both the short- and longer-term performance of CN;
-  
taking all reasonable steps to ensure that processes are in place for the recruitment, training, development and retention of executives who exhibit the highest standards of integrity as well as competence.
 
C.  
Monitoring Corporate Governance issues
-  
monitoring the size and composition of the Board to favour effective decision-making;
-  
taking all reasonable measures to satisfy itself as to the integrity of management and that management creates a culture of integrity throughout CN;
-  
monitoring and reviewing, as appropriate, CNs approach to governance issues and monitoring and reviewing, as appropriate, CNs Corporate Governance Manual and policies and measures for receiving shareholder feedback;
-  
taking all reasonable steps to ensure the highest quality of ethical standards, including reviewing, on a regular basis, the Code of Business Conduct applicable to CNs directors, its President and CEO, senior financial officers, other executives and employees, monitoring compliance with such code, approving any waiver from compliance with the code for directors and executive officers and ensuring appropriate disclosure of any such waiver;
-  
ensuring the regular performance assessment of the Board, Board committees, Board and committee chairs and individual directors and determining their remuneration;
-  
approving the list of Board nominees for election by shareholders and filling Board vacancies;
-  
adopting and reviewing orientation and continuing education programs for directors;
-  
overseeing the disclosure of a method for interested parties to communicate directly with the Board Chair or with the non-management directors as a group.

D.  
Monitoring financial matters and internal controls
-  
monitoring the quality and integrity of CNs accounting and financial reporting systems, disclosure controls and procedures, internal controls and management information systems, including by overseeing:
(i)  
the integrity and quality of CNs financial statements and other financial information and the appropriateness of their disclosure;
(ii)  
the review of the Audit Committee on external auditors’ independence and qualifications;
(iii)  
the performance of CNs internal audit function and of CNs external auditors; and
(iv)  
CNs compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements (including those related to environment, safety and security);
-  
ensuring that an appropriate risk assessment process is in place to identify, assess and manage the principal risks of CNs business;
-
adopting communications and disclosure policies and monitoring CNs investor relations programs.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
 54

 
E.  
Monitoring Pension Fund matters
-  
monitoring and reviewing, as appropriate, CN’s pension fund policies and practices, including the investment policies of the Canadian National Railway Pension Trust Funds or any other pension trust fund established in connection with a new pension plan or any other pension plan offered or administered by CN (the “ CN’s Pension Trust Funds”);
-  
approving the annual budget of the Investment Division of CNs Pension Trust Funds.

F.  
Monitoring environmental, safety and security matters
-  
monitoring and reviewing, as appropriate, CNs environmental, safety and security policies and practices.

The non-executive Board members meet before or after every Board meeting without the presence of management and under the chairmanship of the Board Chair. If such group includes directors who are not Independent, an executive session including only Independent directors is held regularly.

Board members are expected to demonstrate a high level of professionalism in discharging their responsibilities. They are expected to attend the meetings of the Board and of the Board committees on which they sit and to rigorously prepare for and actively participate in such meetings. They should review all meeting materials in advance. They are also expected to be available to provide advice and counsel to the President and CEO or other corporate officers of CN upon request.

The Board annually reviews the adequacy of its mandate.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR
 55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mixed Sources
Product group from well-managed
forests, controlled sources and
recycled wood or fiber
Cert no. SGS-COC-005437
www.fsc.org
© 1996 Forest Stewardship Council
 
 
 
The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is an international certification and labeling system for products that come from responsibly managed forests, and verified recycled sources. Under FSC certification, forests are certified against a set of strict environmental and social standards, and fibre from certified forests is tracked all the way to the consumer through the chain of custody certification system.

CN shows its concern for protecting the environment through the use of FSC-certified paper.

 
 
Printed in Canada
 

 
 
 
Item 3
 

 
 
 
9th Floor, 100 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario M5J 2Y1
www.computershare.com
   
 
Security Class
   
 
Holder Account Number
 
 
- - -
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Form of Proxy - Annual Meeting to be held on Tuesday, April 21, 2009
 
Notes to Proxy

1.  
Every shareholder has the right to appoint some other person of their choice, who need not be a shareholder, to attend and act on their behalf at the meeting. If you wish to appoint a person other than the persons whose names are printed herein, please insert the name of your chosen proxyholder in the space provided (see reverse).
 
2.  
If the securities are registered in the name of more than one owner (for example, joint ownership, trustees, executors, etc.), then all those registered should sign this proxy. If you are voting on behalf of a corporation or another individual you may be required to provide documentation evidencing your power to sign this proxy with signing capacity stated.
 
3.  
This form of proxy should be signed in the exact manner as the name appears on the proxy.
 
4.  
This form of proxy should be read in conjunction with the accompanying Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders and Management Information Circular.
 
5.  
If this form of proxy is not dated, it will be deemed to bear the date on which it is mailed by Management to the holder.
 
6.  
The shares represented by this proxy will be voted as directed by the holder, however, if such a direction is not made in respect of any matter, this proxy will be voted "FOR" items 1 and 2 and in favour of Management’s proposals generally.

- - -
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Proxies submitted must be received by 5:00 pm (Eastern Time), on April 20, 2009.
 
VOTE USING THE INTERNET 24 HOURS A DAY 7 DAYS A WEEK!
 
   
Go to the following web site:
   www.investorvote.com
 
You can enroll to receive future securityholder
   communications electronically, by visiting
   www.computershare.com - click "Enroll for e-delivery"
   under the Shareholder Services menu.
 
 
If you vote by the Internet, DO NOT mail back this proxy.
 
Voting by mail may be the only method for securities held in the name of a corporation or securities being voted on behalf of another individual.
Voting by mail or by Internet are the only methods by which a holder may appoint a person as proxyholder other than the Board of Directors and Management nominees named on the reverse of this proxy. Instead of mailing this proxy, you may choose to vote using the Internet.
 
To vote by the Internet, you will need to provide your CONTROL NUMBER, HOLDER ACCOUNT NUMBER and ACCESS NUMBER listed below.
 
CONTROL NUMBER
HOLDER ACCOUNT NUMBER
ACCESS NUMBER
 
 
00M6IC
 

 
 
+
+
 
 
 
This Form of Proxy is solicited by and on behalf of Management.
 

 
Appointment of Proxyholder
I/We being holder(s) of Common Shares of Canadian National Railway Company hereby appoint: David G.A. McLean, or failing him, E. Hunter Harrison
OR
Print the name of the person you are appointing if this person is someone other than the Chairman of the Board or the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company.
 
 
as my/our proxyholder with full power of substitution and to vote in accordance with the following direction (or, in the case of amendments and new points brought before the Meeting, as the proxyholder sees fit) at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Canadian National Railway Company to be held at The Fairmont Palliser, 133 9th Avenue SW, Calgary, Alberta, on Tuesday, April 21, 2009 at 9:00 am (Mountain Time), and at any adjournment thereof.
 
The Board of Directors and Management recommend that shareholders VOTE FOR items 1 and 2 below:
 
1. Election of Directors
 
    For
Withhold
   
 For
Withhold
   
 For
Withhold
 
                         
01. Michael R. Armellino
 
 
 
05. E. Hunter Harrison
 
 
 
09. The Hon. Edward C.
  Lumley
 
 
 
 ---
                       
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02. A. Charles Baillie
 
 
 
06. Edith E. Holiday
 
 
 
10. David G.A. McLean
 
 
 
 
                         
03. Hugh J. Bolton
 
 
 
07. V. Maureen Kempston
  Darkes
 
 
 
11. Robert Pace
 
 
 
 
                         
04. Ambassador Gordon
  D. Giffin
 
 
 
08. The Hon. Denis Losier
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                         
                         
                       For Withhold
                         
2. Appointment of Auditors
             
Appointment of KPMG LLP as Auditors
                   
 
 
 
 
- - -
Fold
 
 
  Signature(s)   Date
Authorized Signature(s) - This section must be
completed for your instructions to be executed.
I/We authorize you to act in accordance with my/our instructions set out above. I/We hereby revoke any proxy previously given with respect to the Meeting. If no voting instructions are indicated above, this Proxy will be voted as recommended by the Board of Directors and Management.
   
 
 
Quarterly reports
To reduce costs and help protect the environment, we will not send CN's quarterly financial reports and related management’s discussion and analysis (MD&A), unless you tell us that you want to receive them by checking the box below. You will be required to complete this request on an annual basis.
  Annual report
By law, we must send you our annual financial statements and related management's discussion and analysis (MD&A), unless you tell us that you do not want to receive them by checking the box below.
 
 
  Please send me CN's quarterly financial reports
If you do not check the box or do not return this form, we will assume that you do not want to receive CN's quarterly financial reports and MD&A.
    Please do not send me CN's annual financial statements and MD&A
If you do not check the box or do not return this form, we will assume that you want to receive CN's annual financial statements and MD&A.
 
You can also receive these documents electronically - see reverse for instructions to enrol for electronic delivery.
 

 
024203
 AR2
 CNRQ
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00M6JE

 
   
Item 4


2008 Annual Report

The Bottom Line

 
 

 
 
 


Contents

2   Financial and operational highlights

3   A message from the Chairman

4   A message from E. Hunter Harrison

7   The fundamentals

8   Our franchise

12  Our model

16  Our people

21  Growth

24  Responsibility

26  Glossary of terms

27  Financial Section (U.S.  GAAP)

89  Non-GAAP Measures - unaudited

90  Corporate Governance

91  2008 President's Awards for Excellence

92  Board of Directors

94  Chairman of the Board and Select Senior Officers of the Company

95 Shareholder and investor information

Certain information included in this Annual Report may be forward-looking
statements within the meaning of United States and Canadian securities laws. The
Company cautions that, by their nature, forward-looking statements involve
risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Implicit in these statements, particularly
in respect of long-term growth opportunities, is the Company's assumption that
such growth opportunities are less affected by the current situation in the
North American and global economies. The assumptions used by the Company to
prepare its forward-looking statements may not materialize, and its actual
results or the developments anticipated by the Company could differ materially
from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements. Such
forward-looking state- ments are not guarantees of future performance and
involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause
the actual results or performance of the Company or the rail industry to be
materially different from any future results or performance implied by such
statements. Such factors include the specific risks set forth in Management's
Discussion and Analysis contained in this Annual Report as well as other risks
detailed from time to time in reports filed by the Company with securities
regulators in Canada and in the United States. Moreover, the current situation
in the financial markets is adding a substantial amount of risk to the North
American economy, which is already in a recession, and to the global economy,
which is significantly slowing down.

As used herein, the word "Company" or "CN" means, as the context requires,
Canadian National Railway Company and its subsidiaries.

 
 

 
 
 


Plan. Execute. Improve. Continuously.

This is the bottom line at CN. Take nothing for granted, focus on the
fundamentals, look to get better and better in everything we do, every one of
us, every day.

It's the same focus through sunshine and snowstorms, booms and busts, recessions
and rebounds.

That's the power of the CN story. The consistency that shows up every year,
right where our investors look for it:

The bottom line.

 

 
Financial and operational highlights
 
 
Financial summary (1)
 
In millions, except per share data, or unless otherwise indicated
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Financial results
                 
Revenues
  $ 8,482     $ 7,897     $ 7,929  
Operating income
  $ 2,894     $ 2,876     $ 3,030  
Net income
  $ 1,895     $ 2,158     $ 2,087  
Diluted earnings per share
  $ 3.95     $ 4.25     $ 3.91  
Dividend per share
  $ 0.92     $ 0.84     $ 0.65  
Net capital expenditures
  $ 1,424     $ 1,387     $ 1,298  
                         
Financial position
                       
Total assets
  $ 26,720     $ 23,460     $ 24,004  
Long-term debt, including current portion
  $ 7,911     $ 5,617     $ 5,604  
Shareholders equity
  $ 10,559     $ 10,177     $ 9,824  
                         
Financial ratios
                       
Operating ratio
    65.9%       63.6%       61.8%  
Debt-to-total capitalization
    42.8%       35.6%       36.3%  
 
 
 
(1)
The Companys financial results for 2008, 2007 and 2006 include items affecting the comparability of the results of operations as discussed on page 31 of this report.
(2)
2008, 2007 and 2006 adjusted to exclude items affecting the comparability of the results of operations. See discussion and reconciliation of this non-GAAP adjusted performance measure on page 89 of this report.
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 2

 
A message from the Chairman
 

Dear fellow shareholders:

While 2008 was very difficult from every perspective, CN again showed our depth of talent in our ability to manage in a tough economy.

The Board, management and all employees demonstrated toughness, focus and the ability to rapidly adapt to change in delivering great results this past year.

We are acutely aware of the challenges that lie ahead, and we are realistically approaching the future with a solid business plan and renewed commitment to performance.

The Board has provided thorough oversight and very good governance.

Good governance is not a performance measure. It is a commitment. It does not change. It is the rock-solid foundation upon which we have built this company, and the most important mission we have as Directors. Good governance is expressed in our absolute dedication to maintaining and improving upon Board practices and policies that ensure the highest standards of transparency and independence.

Under managements leadership, CN again delivered commendable financial and operational performance in the face of extremely taxing economic conditions. We are proud of our extraordinarily talented management team, without whose leadership CN could not have performed so well for so long.

This “bench strength” is the most important CN asset that positions the company to sustain its performance over the long term.

The Board is very actively focused on the future. Our succession planning is carefully designed to ensure we maximize the talent CN has developed and ensure they are given the opportunity to lead the company as we go forward.
 
In 2009, three of our Directors will be retiring from the Board: Raymond Cyr, James Gray and Robert Lee. Each has brought a unique mix of experience, talent and leadership to his position, and each has made an important and lasting contribution to the success of CN. They will be missed, and I thank them for their exemplary service.

Change is inevitable. Change is continuous, a constant force in the world, and from the time of our IPO 13 years ago to today, CNs ability to embrace and thrive on change has been a significant ingredient in its success. The Board of Directors is very confident that this company will continue to deliver the results our investors have come to expect.

Sincerely,
 

David McLean, O.B.C., LL.D.
Chairman of the Board
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 3

 
A message from E. Hunter Harrison
 
 

(from left to right): Keith Creel, Executive Vice-President Operations; Claude Mongeau, Executive Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer; E. Hunter Harrison, President and Chief Executive Officer; James Foote, Executive Vice-President Sales and Marketing; Sean Finn, Executive Vice-President Corporate Services and Chief Legal Officer

 
Dear fellow shareholders:

Im a bottom-line guy. And Im not talking just about numbers here. Getting to the bottom line shortens the conversation to its essentials and removes all excuses. Did you get the job done or didnt you?

Well, Im pleased to report to you that CN got it done in 2008. In addition to solid financial results, we improved network velocity and safety performance while continuing to build for the future. We proved ourselves once again as a company that can perform consistently even when times are challenging.

Strong financial and operational performance

CN faced another tough operating environment in 2008. We again dealt with extreme weather in the first quarter the worst in decades. Two of our key businesses experienced downturns of major proportions forest products because of the continued decline in U.S. housing activity, and automotive because of a significant decline in automotive sales.

In spite of these challenges, we achieved revenues of $8,482 million, net income of $1,895 million, diluted earnings per share of $3.95 and free cash flow of $794 million* in 2008. Our operating ratio for the year was 65.9 per cent, still well ahead of our Class I peers. We continued to return cash to our shareholders in 2008 and announced the Boards authorization of another stock repurchase program for 2008/2009. We also increased our dividend for the 13th consecutive year in January 2009.

What we have built together

How did we achieve these results? By doing what we do best: provide a high-quality service at a fair price to our customers, while working hard to manage our costs, use our assets efficiently, develop our people and in the process not get anybody hurt. Ive seen it proven my entire career that if you do these five things well, youll succeed in this business.

Weve built something special here at CN. Our diverse franchise, unique business model and strong balance sheet put us in an excellent position in an important industry rail is the backbone of the North American economy, and nobody operates a railroad better than CN.

Continuing to invest in CNs future

CNs 2008 performance is the direct result not just of our fundamental strengths, but also of the investments weve made over the past few years to grow this business, gain market share and
 
*See page 89 of this report for a reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure.
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 4

 
 
"I am extremely proud of this orgainziation and its people. As a lifelong railroader, it's been a great thing to see what we can accomplish together through passion, discipline, guts and hard work. That's right, guts - it takes courage to change the status quo."  E. Hunter Harrison
 
 
position ourselves for the long term. Among others, our initiatives to build new CN capabilities in Prince Rupert and near the Alberta oil sands, and our efforts to expand our presence in non-rail services, are continuing to bear fruit.

Our investments in lengthened sidings, enhanced track integrity and safety have contributed to ongoing improvement in operational performance and service quality. We continued to invest in the physical plant in 2008, spending more than $1.5 billion on capital improvements that included approximately $1.1 billion on track infrastructure, about $200 million on our locomotive and railcar fleet, and about $300 million on facilities such as transload and distribution centres.

At the end of the year, we were very pleased to receive the U.S. Surface Transportation Boards (STB) approval for our acquisition of a major portion of the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway Company (EJ&E). This is an extremely important addition to our network that will allow us to skirt rail congestion in the Chicago hub. As it stands, it sometimes takes as long to get through Chicagos 30-mile hub as it does to get there from Winnipeg. The EJ&E acquisition will address that, in the process helping us deliver a big improvement in what we can offer customers shipping to key North American markets. In another transaction, we acquired three rail subsidiaries from Quebec Railway Corp., enhancing our seamless service to customers in Eastern Canada.

What weve done is worked steadily to improve our ability to market a unique, high-value transportation product to a broad customer base  services that have strong relevance no matter where we are in the economic cycle.

People are key to CNs potential

Ours is a story of a solid strategy thats making steady progress on all fronts a focus on structural growth opportunities, on innovating for competitive advantage and accelerated customer value, and on continuously building our team.

People are the most critical element of success, and CNs are the best in the industry. Our bench strength is excellent this is the most talented team Ive ever been associated with. And the CN railroader culture continues to get stronger every year.

We proved in 2008 that CN can deliver strong results in tough times. We have the best people, were the industrys most efficient operator, and our solid franchise and innovative business model provide new opportunities for growth.
 
This companys story is far from over. Thats the bottom line.


Sincerely,
 

E. Hunter Harrison
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 5

 
 
   
 
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 6

 
 


The fundamentals

Focusing on the fundamentals and building upon them is key to our success. Our
strong and balanced franchise, our precision operating model, our people and
culture - our work every day is to take these strengths and make them better in
ways that benefit our customers and investors.
Page 7
 
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 7

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our franchise

The CN franchise is a highly efficient, 21,000-route- mile transportation network that serves customers shipping a broad array of products and commodities. This diverse commodity mix acts as a buffer from the down cycles of any one industry, and our network is a key competitive asset in which we are continuously investing to improve.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 8

 
 
The CN franchise:
key to consistent performance
 
 
 
 
CNs franchise  an efficient transportation network and balanced commodity mix  was instrumental to strong overall financial performance in 2008. Growth in CN businesses such as intermodal and oil and gas construction materials helped mitigate economy-related challenges in others.
 
 
The balance and breadth of CNs franchise represent strength, con­sistency and competitive advantage in the face of ups and downs in the economic cycle. Franchise strength is a major reason for the solid results CN delivered in a very challenging year we invested in this key CN fundamental in 2008, continuing to improve our position for sustained growth going forward.
 
Forest products and automotive down; bulk commodities up
 
The U.S. housing industry continued its slide in 2008, while the automotive industry endured a credit market collapse and general economic weakness. As a result, CN forest products and automotive revenues were down significantly year-over-year.
 
Yet CN delivered profitable overall revenue growth in 2008, thanks in part to CNs diversified portfolio of customers and strong transpor­tation offering. These CN strengths provide the ability to grow in a
 
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 9

 
With a highly efficient network that connects major ports on three coasts to important North American markets, CN is well positioned in the global marketplace.
 
 
 
 
We believe the balance of our commodity mix helps position us to face economic fluctuations and enhances our long-term growth potential.
 
 
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 10

 
 
CN invested more than $1.5 billion in the physical plant in 2008, improving track infrastructure, building distribution facilities and upgrading its locomotive and railcar fleet.
 
 
 
variety of areas, including intermodal, coal, alternative energy, condensate and construction materials related to oil and gas development. CN’s ability to generate positive results in a difficult environment helps mitigate downturns in specific areas – it also positions us to benefit from stronger economic conditions.
 
Continuously building our network through acquisition
 
As it has throughout its history as a public company, CN continued to improve its network through acquisition in 2008. With U.S. Surface Transportation Board approval of the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway Company (EJ&E) acquisition, and closing the transaction in January 2009, we expect to begin running trains over the 158-mile track skirting the Chicago metropolitan area in first quarter 2009.
 
In addition to relieving congestion in the Chicago area, the EJ&E acquisition will have a major positive impact on both CN network fluidity and CNs ability to serve customers across North America. The bottom line: It represents an important opportunity for us to offer even more seamless, faster, more reliable and more cost-effective service for our customers. Also in 2008, we acquired three core rail subsidiaries from Quebec Railway Corp. (QRC), which will benefit shippers of aluminum, forest products and other key commodities.
 
Prince Rupert: Year one
 
In its first full year of operation, the Prince Rupert intermodal terminal proved that its a viable, highly competitive port of entry to North America for Asian products. The port attracted a second weekly call from an Asian shipper: the COSCO/K-Line/Yang Ming/Hanjin alliance, that is now transporting cargoes to North American destinations through Prince Rupert. CN continues to work to attract more importers, improve throughput and identify backhaul opportunities from North America to Asia.
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 11

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our model

CN's unique business model centres on delivering precision and predictability in an imprecise and unpredictable world. Our success in precision-scheduled railroading has created a highly competitive transportation offering that provides durable value to shippers and investors alike. A critical long-term contributor to that value is our passion to improve continuously in our execution of the CN model.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 12

 
The CN operating model:
key to competitiveness and growth
 
 
A key element of CNs precision operating model is the drive to improve continuously in its execution. In 2008, we intensified our focus on a critical measure of rail performance: velocity. Achieving maximum car and train velocity enables us to improve service and lower costs at the same time.
 
 
 
With CNs precision railroading operating model, we have proven we can do what others in the industry always said was impossible: We can dramatically improve service and be the low-cost provider at the same time. And, significant from a business and shareholder perspective, improved service quality enables us to price in a way that reflects the higher value we can provide shippers.
 

Improving our velocity: faster is better
 
Car velocity and average train speed are key measures and drivers of asset productivity. For a business like ours, velocity improvement is a major opportunity for the bottom line: Greater velocity enables us to improve service quality while moving more loads with the same assets.
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 13

 
 
In 2008, CN successfully completed a $100 million recon­figuration of its Johnston Yard switching facility in Memphis, Tennessee, a key hub in the North American network.
 
 
Our investments in longer sidings and improved signal, track main­tenance and yard management technologies over the past few years have allowed us to significantly improve the efficiency of our train operations. We continue to implement CN’s SmartYard concept, now in place at three of our four hump yards – MacMillan (Toronto), Symington (Winnipeg) and Johnston (Memphis) – to reduce dwell time and improve yard productivity.
 
Safety performance has a direct impact on velocity as well. CN tests its track at a far higher rate than what is required by industry regula­tors, using a variety of technologies that include state-of-the-art track geometry systems and ultrasonic rail flaw detection equipment. In addition, CN is a leader in the deployment of advanced detector technologies to monitor the condition of locomotives and freight cars.
 
Our efforts made a positive impact in 2008, contributing to a 30 per cent year-over-year reduction in TSB-reportable train accidents, and an eight per cent improvement in FRA-reportable accidents.
 
In 2008, we intensified our efforts to improve car velocity and average through train speed, creating a quality focus team to study the issues that affect performance, including train separations, loco­motive failures and signal light problems, and implement actions to better address them. The sum total of this and other initiatives has delivered eye-opening results: Over the last four months of 2008, we increased car velocity by 20.37 miles per day and average through train speed by 2.68 mph. This kind of improvement has a direct impact on CN’s asset utilization and service quality.
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 14

 
 
 
CN’s SmartYard, now in operation in three of four of its hump yards, provides advanced, user-friendly tools that aid train forecasting, track assignment and motive power planning, activities critical to network performance.
 
 
 


Optimizing power, enhancing the network, focusing on execution – there is a wealth of opportunities to continue to improve upon North America’s most efficient railroad.
 
Enhancing asset efficiency with distributed power
 
Operating longer trains increases asset efficiency and productivity. To run longer trains, you need longer sidings, which weve built across the network. Were now increasing our deployment of distributed power (DP) technology, the use of automated locomotives in the middle of trains, to optimize power.
 
Precision railroading: always room for improvement

Complexity, once used in the case against precision railroading, is actually at the heart of what
s most exciting about it because of all the interrelated elements that affect performance, there is an almost endless potential to improve. We can and will get better and better at executing the model.
 
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 15

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our people

It's a mantra here: CN people make it all work. A powerful franchise, a unique operating model neither of these is an advantage if our people don't execute properly and consistently. This is why it's a top long-term priority at CN to attract, develop and retain the best and brightest people in the industry.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 16

 
 
CN people:
key to our long-term future
 
 
 
CNs culture of railroaders is a culture of pride, performance and continuous improvement  people striving to do their work today better than they did it yesterday.
 
 
Ultimately, franchises and business models dont drive success. Neither do strategies and initiatives. People do. Thats why we see developing people as the most important of our Five Guiding Principles of Railroading (service, cost control, asset utilization, safety and people).
 
People are why CN has succeeded up to now, and they are the critical element of CN’s success going forward. Culture, the collective behaviours of everyone who works here, is key.
 
 
Building a culture of performance, one person at a time
 
At CN, we are in an ongoing process of developing and strength­ening our culture. The foundation of this effort is to ensure that everyone knows what CN is striving to achieve and his or her place in it.
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 17

 
 
A passion for doing things the right way, working as a team, taking the time to mentor others  the human element of what we do is the most important factor in running a safe, high-performance railroad.
 
 
 
To build the right culture, several years ago we created and launched a series of innovative people development initiatives, which include Employee Performance Scorecards (EPS), a tool for conducting consist­ent, regular, formal performance reviews with all employees, as well as “Hunter Camps” and the CN Railroad MBA, two unique programs to develop effective leaders in railroading.
 
EPS establishes and maintains an open dialogue between employee and supervisor to enable both to do their jobs more effectively. EPS reviews are individualized, one-on-one sessions, a vehicle for the company to thank employees for their contributions, be clear on what’s expected and discuss their progress, impact on the business and opportunities to improve and advance. EPS is a critical tool to encourage individual behaviours that support CN success.
 
Hunter Camps, first begun in 2003, are three-day sessions in which our CEO spends time with a group of about 20 CN manage­ment people from across every CN function. In these sessions, Hunter Harrison coaches participants on railroading and leadership techniques in an informal, storytelling format. The Railroad MBA is a tailored 12–18-month program in which select CN senior managers take a leave of absence from their regular jobs to gain hands-on experience in every aspect of CN’s operations.
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 18

 
 
 
CN continues to emphasize the right leadership behaviours to support our goal: engaged, committed employees who give their best every day to help the company achieve sustained, long-term success.
 
 
 
Attracting the best and brightest to CN
 
Another important element of linking CN potential with human poten­tial is recruiting new talent to the organization. This will continue to be a priority as many of our current people approach retirement age.
 
We have found that nothing attracts top people like success more and more are seeking to join CN, eager to take part in building the brightest future in railroading and transportation. Theres reason for optimism that our recruitment efforts will be successful: We received more than 50,000 online applications to work at CN, across all trades in Canada and the United States, in 2008 alone.
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 19

 
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 20

 
 
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 21

 
A pipeline of CN growth initiatives
 
 
CN is strongly positioned to benefit from long-term global demand for North American natural resources  we have the assets and the agility to deliver transportation value in a market environment of continuous, often rapid change.
 
 
It always starts with customers. What do they need? What are the opportunities in the marketplace, and how can we apply CN strengths to help them benefit? We are always exploring new ways to partner with customers, leveraging CNs unique franchise, precision business model and culture of performance to drive mutual, profitable growth.
 
 
Developing bulk opportunities 
 
In 2008, we continued to execute structural growth strategies to benefit from demand for bulk commodities such as potash, petroleum coke and sulphur from Canada, and coal from the United States. Here are a few examples:
 
Canadian potash is a strong emerging opportunity. Canada has 60 per cent of the worlds potash reserves, and global demand for fertilizer will continue for years to come. A strong franchise and long-term
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 22

 
 
The state-of-the-art intermodal facility at British Columbias Prince Rupert  served exclusively by CN  offers a highly competitive option for international shippers.
 
 
 
investments in bulk transfer facilities in Western Canada position CN very well as a transportation partner to move potash efficiently for export through new and existing terminals on Canada’s West Coast.
 
In northern Alberta’s oil sands, CN continues to bring value to cus­tomers. We’re moving condensate to aid transportation via pipeline of unrefined petroleum (called bitumen) and byproducts such as petroleum coke and sulphur to Prince Rupert for export – CN is nimble enough to adapt to changing short-term needs and well positioned for what remains an important long-term opportunity.
 
Working with customers in the Illinois coal basin, CN invested in infrastructure to support increased production – in 2008 that strategy continued to gain momentum, with CN trains moving steadily growing volumes of coal to destinations within North America and to the Gulf Coast for export.
 
 
Continued success in non-rail transportation services
 
CN WorldWide North America and CN WorldWide International continue to develop and offer non-rail services that fit their capabili­ties, represent a profitable opportunity and create potential to drive traffic to the CN rail network.Truck pick-up and delivery, warehouses, transload/reload facilities, terminal operations, international freight forwarding these are all viable ways to control a greater proportion of the shipment in order to offer streamlined, lower-cost service.
 
One such growth opportunity is retail intermodal in the United States. CN has for many years offered truck pick-up and delivery services direct to the customer in Canada using a fleet of independent truck owner/operators. CN WorldWide North America now is rolling out this concept in the United States, and customer response has been positive.
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 23

 
 
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 24

 
 
CN sponsors and participates in numerous community education programs across North America every year to promote safe behaviours. Community investment programs like the CN Miracle Match, which helped raise more than $1 million for childrens hospitals in 2008, are another way CN works to make a difference.
 
Operating responsibly:
leveraging the benefits of rail
 
 
 
Safety: a top CN priority
 
The health and well-being of our employees and of the citizens in our communities is a top priority at CN. Our chief safety officer oversees comprehensive training, coaching, motivation and aware­ness initiatives with a strong focus on compliance to promote a culture of safety within the organization.
 
Industry-leading investment in infrastructure integrity, active partici­pation in community education programs like All Aboard for Safety, Safe Crossing Week and Rail Safety Week, and longtime membership in Responsible Care®, a chemical industry performance improvement program, are just some of the examples of our ongoing commitment to making CN the safest railroad in North America.
 
Investing to improve fuel efficiency and emissions
 
Trains emit greenhouse gases at levels six times lower than heavy trucks, and it takes 10 times more fuel to transport a tonne of freight by heavy truck than by train.
 
CN is continuously investing to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. In addition to ongoing improvements in rail yard practices and rail technologies, we have purchased 145 new locomotives since 2005 that produce 40 per cent less nitrogen oxides and con­sume up to 1520 per cent less fuel than older models. In December 2008, we announced plans to purchase 40 additional, even more efficient, locomotives.
 
Contributing to stronger communities
 
At CN, we have long been active in our community, doing our part through charitable contributions and support of education and employee programs. With the CN Stronger Communities Fund, CN Miracle Match (which raises funds for childrens hospitals) and the CN Railroaders in the Community employee volunteerism program, CN continues to make a difference, every day.
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 25

 
 
Glossary of terms
 
 
 
Average length of haul – The average distance in miles one ton is carried. Computed by dividing total ton miles by tons of freight.
 
Carload – A one-car shipment of freight from one consignor to one consignee.
 
Car velocity – Car velocity is an average speed calculation, expressed in miles per day, of the car movements from time of release at one location to arrival at the destination.
 
Class I railroad – As determined by the Surface Transportation Board, a freight railroad with annual operating revenues that exceed a threshold indexed to a base of $250 million in 1991 U.S. dollars. The threshold in 2006 was $346.8 million.
 
Gross ton miles – The number of tons behind the locomotives (cars and contents) including company service equipment multiplied by the miles of road moved from originating to destination stations on a designated railroad.
 
Intermodal service – In railroad transportation, the movement of trailers or containers on railroad freight cars.
 
Linehaul – The movement of trains between terminals and stations on the main or branch lines of the road, exclusive of switching movements.
 
Main track – A track extending through and between stations upon which trains are operated.
 
Operating ratio – The ratio of operating expenses to operating revenues.
 
Revenue ton mile – The movement of a ton of freight over one mile for revenue.
 
Right-of-way – A strip of land of various widths upon which a rail track is built.
 
Rolling stock – Transportation equipment on wheels, especially locomotives and freight cars.
 
Route miles – The miles of right-of-way owned or leased and operated by the designated railroad. Route miles exclude mainline trackage oper­ated under trackage rights. In multiple track territories only one mainline track counts as route miles.
 
Siding – A track auxiliary to the main track for meeting or passing trains, or in the case of industrial siding, a track serving various industrial customers.
 
Trip plan – A trip plan is a detailed chain of train handling events describing how a car(s) can be handled from the shipper’s door to the consignee’s door. Trip plans are expressed in hours and are tailored to a specific customer location, day of week and time of release.
 
Unit train – A train with a fixed, coupled consist of cars operated con­tinuously in shuttle service under load from origin and delivered intact at destination and returning usually for reloading at the same origin.
 
Waybill – The document covering a shipment and showing the for­warding and receiving stations, the name of consignor and consignee, the car initials and number, the routing, the description and weight of the commodity, instructions for special services, the rate, total charges, advances and the waybill reference for previous services, and the amount prepaid.
 
Yard – A system of tracks within defined limits, designed for switching services.
 
Yard dwell – Yard dwell is the average duration, expressed in hours, that cars spend in a specific operating terminal.
 
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
26

 
 
Financial Section (U.S. GAAP)
 
 
 
Contents
 
Canadian National Railway Company 

28
Selected Railroad Statistics
29
Managements Discussion and Analysis
60
Managements Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
60
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
61
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
62
Consolidated Statement of Income
63
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
64
Consolidated Balance Sheet
65
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders Equity
66
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

67
  1
Summary of significant accounting policies
69
  2
Accounting changes
70
  3
Acquisitions
70
  4
Accounts receivable
71
  5
Properties
72
  6
Intangible and other assets
72
  7
Accounts payable and other
72
  8
Other liabilities and deferred credits
73
  9
Long-term debt
74
10
Capital stock
75
11
Stock plans
78
12
Pensions and other postretirement benefits
81
13
Other income
81
14
Income taxes
82
15
Segmented information
83
16
Earnings per share
83
17
Major commitments and contingencies
86
18
Financial instruments
88
19
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
88
20
Comparative figures
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 27

 
 
Selected Railroad Statistics (1)
     
 
 
 
Year ended December 31,
2008
2007
2006
       
Statistical operating data
     
Rail freight revenues ($ millions)
7,641
7,186
7,254
Gross ton miles (GTM) (millions)
339,854
347,898
352,972
Revenue ton miles (RTM) (millions)
177,951
184,148
185,610
Carloads (thousands)
4,615
4,744
4,824
Route miles (includes Canada and the U.S.)
20,961
20,421
20,264
Employees (end of year)
22,227
22,696
22,250
Employees (average for the year)
22,695
22,389
22,092
       
       
Productivity
     
Operating ratio (%)
65.9
63.6
61.8
Rail freight revenue per RTM (cents)
4.29
3.90
3.91
Rail freight revenue per carload ($)
1,656
1,515
1,504
Operating expenses per GTM (cents)
1.64
1.44
1.39
Labor and fringe benefits expense per GTM (cents)
0.49
0.49
0.52
GTMs per average number of employees (thousands)
14,975
15,539
15,977
Diesel fuel consumed (U.S. gallons in millions)
380
392
401
Average fuel price ($/U.S. gallon) (2)
3.39
2.40
2.13
GTMs per U.S. gallon of fuel consumed
894
887
880
       
       
Safety indicators
     
Injury frequency rate per 200,000 person hours (3)
1.8
1.9
2.1
Accident rate per million train miles (3)
2.6
2.7
2.4

(1)  
Includes data relating to companies acquired as of the date of acquisition.
 
(2)  
Includes the impact of the Companys fuel hedging program that expired in September 2006.
 
(3)  
Based on Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) reporting criteria. For 2006, the Injury frequency rate per 200,000 person hours and the Accident rate per million train miles, prepared on a proforma basis to include the acquisitions of Mackenzie Northern Railway and Savage Alberta Railway, Inc., as of January 1, 2006, would have been 2.1 and 2.5, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2006.

 
 
Certain statistical data and related productivity measures are based on estimated data available at such time and are subject to change as more complete information becomes available.

 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
28

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis
 
 
 
Managements discussion and analysis (MD&A) relates to the financial condition and results of operations of Canadian National Railway Company, together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, collectively “CN” or “the Company.” Canadian National Railway Companys common shares are listed on the Toronto and New York stock exchanges. Except where otherwise indicated, all financial information reflected herein is expressed in Canadian dollars and determined on the basis of United States generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP). The Companys objective is to provide meaningful and relevant information reflecting the Companys financial condition and results of operations. In certain instances, the Company may make reference to certain non-GAAP measures that, from managements perspective, are useful measures of performance. The reader is advised to read all information provided in the MD&A in conjunction with the Companys 2008 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto.
 
Business profile
 
CN is engaged in the rail and related transportation business. CNs network of approximately 21,000 route miles of track spans Canada and mid-America, connecting three coasts: the Atlantic, the Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico. CNs extensive network, and its co-production arrangements, routing protocols, marketing alliances, and interline agreements, provide CN customers access to all three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) nations.
 
CNs freight revenues are derived from seven commodity groups representing a diversified and balanced portfolio of goods transported between a wide range of origins and destinations. This product and geographic diversity better positions the Company to face economic fluctuations and enhances its potential for growth opportunities. In 2008, no individual commodity group accounted for more than 19% of revenues. From a geographic standpoint, 19% of revenues came from United States (U.S.) domestic traffic, 31% from transborder traffic, 24% from Canadian domestic traffic and 26% from overseas traffic. The Company is the originating carrier for approximately 87% of traffic moving along its network, which allows it both to capitalize on service advantages and build on opportunities to efficiently use assets.
 
Corporate organization
 
The Company manages its rail operations in Canada and the United States as one business segment. Financial information reported at this level, such as revenues, operating income and cash flow from operations, is used by the Companys corporate management in evaluating financial and operational performance and allocating resources across CNs network. The Companys strategic initiatives, which drive its operational direction, are developed and managed centrally by corporate management and are communicated to its regional activity centers (the Western Region, Eastern Region and Southern Region), whose role is to manage the day-to-day service requirements of their respective territories, control direct costs incurred locally, and execute the corporate strategy and operating plan established by corporate management.
 
See Note 15  Segmented information, to the Companys 2008 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Companys corporate organization, as well as selected financial information by geographic area.
 
Strategy overview
 
CNs focus is on running a safe and efficient railroad. While remaining at the forefront of the rail industry, CNs goal is to be internationally regarded as one of the best-performing transportation companies.
 
CNs commitment is to create value for both its customers and shareholders. By providing quality and cost-effective service, CN seeks to create value for its customers. By striving for sustainable financial performance through profitable growth, solid free cash flow and a high return on investment, CN seeks to deliver increased shareholder value.
 
CN has a unique business model, which is anchored on five key principles: providing quality service, controlling costs, focusing on asset utilization, committing to safety, and developing people. “Precision railroading” is at the core of CNs business model. It is a highly disciplined process whereby CN handles individual rail shipments according to a specific trip plan and manages all aspects of railroad operations to meet customer commitments efficiently and profitably. Precision railroading demands discipline to execute the trip plan, the relentless measurement of results, and the use of such results to generate further execution improvements. Precision railroading increases velocity, improves reliability, lowers costs, enhances asset utilization and, ultimately, helps the Company to grow the top line. It has been a key contributor to CNs earnings growth and improved return.
 
Although several industries, including transportation, have been impacted by the global financial crisis, the basic driver of the business remains intact  demand for reliable, efficient, and cost effective transportation. The Companys focus during these volatile times is to continue to pursue its long-term business plan, maintain a high level of service to customers, operate safely and efficiently, and meet short- and long-term financial commitments.
 
The current situation in financial markets is adding a substantial amount of risk to the North American economy, which is already in a recession, and to the global economy, which is significantly slowing down. A number of the Companys commodity groups have been negatively affected by the current economic conditions, including forest products, automotive, commodities within the petroleum and chemicals and metals and minerals commodity groups, and intermodal. As such, the Company is making necessary changes to reflect the reduced volumes by redeploying assets and reducing costs.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
29

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis
 
 
 
To meet its long-term business plan objectives, the Company continues to focus on top-line growth by maintaining its pricing strategy and focusing on opportunities that extend beyond the business-cycle. The Company sees growth opportunities through market share gains versus truck, commodities related to oil and gas development in western Canada, the Prince Rupert Intermodal Terminal, opportunities in the bulk sector, such as Illinois basin coal, and expansion of non-rail services. The Company considers that such growth opportunities are less affected by the current situation in the North American and global economies.
 
To operate efficiently and safely while maintaining a high level of customer service, the Company will continue to leverage its unique North American franchise consisting of its rail network, unique network of ports and efficient international trade gateways and non-rail service offerings, and superior business model. The Company plans to continue to invest in capital programs to maintain a safe railway, expand its non- rail service offerings, and pursue strategic initiatives to expand its franchise. The Company continuously seeks productivity initiatives to reduce costs and leverage its assets and has initiated a thorough review of all discretionary costs as well as imposing certain immediate cost-reducing measures. Opportunities to improve productivity extend across all functions in the organization. Train productivity is being improved through the use of locomotives equipped with “distributed power,” which allows the Company to run longer, heavier trains, including in cold weather conditions, while improving train handling, reducing train separations and ensuring the overall safety of operations. This initiative, combined with CNs investments in longer sidings, can offer train-mile savings, allow for long-train operations and, reduce wear on rail and wheels. Yard throughput is being improved through SmartYard, an innovative use of real-time traffic information to sequence cars effectively and get them out on the line more quickly in the face of constantly changing conditions. In Engineering, the Company is continuously working to increase the productivity of its field forces, through better use of traffic information and the optimization of work scheduling, and as a result, better management of its engineering forces on the track. The Company also intends to maintain a solid focus on reducing accidents and related costs, as well as costs for legal claims and health care.
 
CNs capital programs support the Companys commitment to the five key principles and its ability to grow the business profitably. In 2009, CN plans to invest approximately $1.5 billion on capital programs, of which close to $1 billion is targeted towards track infrastructure to continue to operate a safe railway and to improve the productivity and fluidity of the network, and includes the replacement of rail, ties, and other track materials and bridge improvements, as well as rail-line improvements of the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway Company (EJ&E) (see the Acquisitions section of this MD&A). This amount also includes funds for strategic initiatives, such as siding extensions to accommodate container traffic from the Prince Rupert Intermodal Terminal and additional enhancements to the track infrastructure in western Canada. CNs equipment spending, targeted to reach approximately $200 million in 2009, is intended to improve the quality of the fleet to meet customer requirements. This amount includes the acquisition of new fuel-efficient locomotives, as well as improvements to the existing fleet. CN also expects to spend more than $300 million on facilities to grow the business, including transloads and distribution centers; on information technology to improve service and operating efficiency; and on other projects to increase productivity.
 
The Company, on an ongoing basis, also invests in various strategic initiatives to expand the scope of its business. A key initiative is the recent acquisition of the EJ&E lines, which will drive new efficiencies and operating improvements on CNs network as a result of streamlined rail operations and reduced congestion. Other initiatives include the acquisition of short-lines in Quebec and Alberta; the development of CN WorldWide International, the Companys international freight-forwarding subsidiary; and the formation of CN WorldWide North America, to manage and expand the scope and scale of the Companys existing non-rail capabilities such as warehousing and distribution, customs services, truck brokerage and supply chain visibility tools across North America.
 
To meet short- and long-term financial commitments, the Company pursues a solid financial policy framework with the goal of maintaining a strong balance sheet, by monitoring its adjusted debt-to-total capitalization and adjusted debt-to-adjusted earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) ratios, and preserving a strong credit rating to be able to maintain access to public financing. The Companys principal source of liquidity is cash generated from operations, which is supplemented by its accounts receivable securitization program and its commercial paper program, to meet short-term liquidity needs. The Companys primary uses of funds are for working capital requirements, including income tax installments as they become due and pension contributions, contractual obligations, capital expenditures relating to track infrastructure and other, acquisitions, dividend payouts, and the repurchase of shares through the share buyback program. The Company sets priorities on its uses of available funds based on short-term operational requirements, expenditures to continue to operate a safe railway and strategic initiatives, while keeping in mind its long-term contractual obligations and returning value to its shareholders.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
30

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis


 
The Companys commitment to safety is reflected in the wide range of initiatives that CN is pursuing and in the size of its capital programs. Comprehensive plans are in place to address safety, security, employee well-being and environmental management. CNs Integrated Safety Plan is the framework for putting safety at the center of its day-to-day operations. This proactive plan, which is fully supported by senior management, is designed to minimize risk and drive continuous improvement in the reduction of injuries and accidents, and engages employees at all levels of the organization.

Environmental protection is also an integral part of CNs day-to-day activities. A combination of key resource people, training, policies, monitoring and environmental assessments helps to ensure that the Companys operations comply with CNs Environmental Policy, a copy of which is available on CNs website.

CNs ability to develop the best railroaders in the industry has been a key contributor to the Companys success. CN recognizes that without the right people no matter how good a service plan or business model a company may have it will not be able to fully execute. The Company is focused on recruiting the right people, developing employees with the right skills, motivating them to do the right thing, and training them to be the future leaders of the Company.

The forward-looking statements provided in the above section and in other parts of this MD&A are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or performance to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements and are based on certain factors and assumptions which the Company considers reasonable, about events, developments, prospects and opportunities that may not materialize or that may be offset entirely or partially by other events and developments. See the Business risks section of this MD&A for assumptions and risk factors affecting such forward-looking statements.

Financial outlook

During the year, the Company issued and updated its financial outlook. The 2008 actual results are in line with the latest financial outlook as disclosed by the Company.

Financial and statistical highlights
                 
                   
$ in millions, except per share data, or unless otherwise indicated
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Financial results
                 
Revenues
  $ 8,482     $ 7,897     $ 7,929  
Operating income
  $ 2,894     $ 2,876     $ 3,030  
Net income (a)(b)(c)
  $ 1,895     $ 2,158     $ 2,087  
Operating ratio
    65.9%       63.6%       61.8%  
Basic earnings per share (a)(b)(c)
  $ 3.99     $ 4.31     $ 3.97  
Diluted earnings per share (a)(b)(c)
  $ 3.95     $ 4.25     $ 3.91  
Dividend declared per share
  $ 0.92     $ 0.84     $ 0.65  
Financial position
                       
Total assets
  $ 26,720     $ 23,460     $ 24,004  
Total long-term financial liabilities
  $ 14,269     $ 11,693     $ 12,066  
Statistical operating data and productivity measures (d)
                       
Employees (average for the year)
    22,695       22,389       22,092  
Gross ton miles (GTM) per average number of employees (thousands)
    14,975       15,539       15,977  
GTMs per U.S. gallon of fuel consumed
    894       887       880  
                         

(a)  
The 2008 figures include a deferred income tax recovery of $117 million ($0.24 per basic or diluted share), of which $83 million was due to the resolution of various income tax matters and adjustments related to tax filings of prior years, $23 million resulted from the enactment of corporate income tax rate changes in Canada and $11 million was due to net capital losses arising from the reorganization of a subsidiary.
 
(b)  
The 2007 figures include a deferred income tax recovery of $328 million ($0.66 per basic share or $0.64 per diluted share), resulting mainly from the enactment of corporate income tax rate changes in Canada and the gains on sale of the Central Station Complex of $92 million, or $64 million after-tax ($0.13 per basic or diluted share) and the Companys investment in English Welsh and Scottish Railway of $61 million, or $41 million after-tax ($0.08 per basic or diluted share).
 
(c)  
The 2006 figures include a deferred income tax recovery of $277 million ($0.53 per basic share or $0.51 per diluted share), resulting primarily from the enactment of lower corporate income tax rates in Canada and the resolution of matters pertaining to prior years income taxes.
 
(d)  
Based on estimated data available at such time and subject to change as more complete information becomes available.

 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
31

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis
 
 
 
Financial results
 
2008 compared to 2007
 
In 2008, net income was $1,895 million, a decrease of $263 million, when compared to 2007, with diluted earnings per share decreasing 7% to $3.95.
 
Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2008 increased by $585 million, or 7%, to $8,482 million, mainly due to freight rate increases and higher volumes in specific commodity groups, particularly metals and minerals, intermodal and coal, which also reflect the negative impact of the United Transportation Union (UTU) strike on first-quarter 2007 volumes. These gains were partly offset by lower volumes due to weakness in specific markets, particularly forest products and automotive, the impact of harsh weather conditions experienced in Canada and the U.S. Midwest during the first quarter of 2008, and reduced grain volumes as a result of depleted stockpiles. In the first nine months of the year, the Company experienced a $245 million negative translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar on U.S. dollar-denominated revenues that was almost entirely offset in the fourth quarter as a result of the weakened Canadian dollar. In addition, the Federal Court of Appeals confirmation of the Canadian Transportation Agencys (the Agency) decision (hereinafter referred to as the Agency Decision) to retroactively reduce rail revenue entitlement for grain transportation, as well as the Agencys determination that CN exceeded the revenue cap for the 200708 crop year, reduced grain revenues by $26 million in the fourth quarter. Associated penalties of $4 million increased Casualty and other expense.
 
For the year ended December 31, 2008, operating expenses increased by $567 million, or 11%, to $5,588 million, mainly due to higher fuel costs, increases in purchased services and material and in casualty and other expenses. These factors were partly offset by lower labor and fringe benefits expense. In the first nine months of the year, the Company experienced a $145 million positive translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar on U.S. dollar-denominated expenses that was almost entirely offset in the fourth quarter as a result of the weakened Canadian dollar. The first quarter 2007 UTU strike did not have a significant impact on total operating expenses for the year 2007.
 
The operating ratio, defined as operating expenses as a percentage of revenues, was 65.9% in 2008, compared to 63.6% in 2007, a 2.3-point increase.
 
The Companys results of operations in 2008 were affected by significant weakness in certain markets due to the current economic environment and severe weather conditions in the first quarter. In 2007, in addition to weather conditions and operational challenges in the first half of the year, the Company was also affected by a first-quarter strike by 2,800 members of the UTU in Canada for which the Company estimated the negative impact on first-quarter operating income and net income to be approximately $50 million and $35 million, respectively ($0.07 per basic or diluted share). Included in the 2008 figures was a deferred income tax recovery of $117 million ($0.24 per basic or diluted share), of which $83 million was due to the resolution of various income tax matters and adjustments related to tax filings of prior years; $23 million was due to the enactment of corporate income tax rate changes in Canada; and $11 million was due to net capital losses arising from the reorganization of a subsidiary. Included in the 2007 figures was a deferred income tax recovery of $328 million ($0.66 per basic share or $0.64 per diluted share), resulting mainly from the enactment of corporate income tax rate changes in Canada, and the gains on sale of the Central Station Complex (CSC) of $64 million after-tax ($0.13 per basic or diluted share) and the Companys investment in English Welsh and Scottish Railway (EWS) of $41 million after-tax ($0.08 per basic or diluted share).
 
Foreign exchange fluctuations have also had an impact on the comparability of the results of operations. The fluctuation of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar, which affects the conversion of the Companys U.S. dollar-denominated revenues and expenses, has resulted in a reduction of approximately $10 million ($0.02 per basic or diluted share) to net income in 2008.

 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
32

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis
 
 
 
Revenues
 
In millions, unless otherwise indicated                             Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
% Change
 
Rail freight revenues
  $ 7,641     $ 7,186       6%  
Other revenues     841       711       18%  
Total revenues   $ 8,482     $ 7,897       7%  
Rail freight revenues:                        
Petroleum and chemicals   $ 1,346     $ 1,226       10%  
Metals and minerals     950       826       15%  
Forest products     1,436       1,552       (7% )
Coal     478       385       24%  
Grain and fertilizers     1,382       1,311       5%  
Intermodal     1,580       1,382       14%  
Automotive     469       504       (7% )
Total rail freight revenues   $ 7,641     $ 7,186       6%  
Revenue ton miles (RTM) (millions)     177,951       184,148       (3% )
Rail freight revenue/RTM (cents)     4.29       3.90       10%  
Carloads (thousands)
    4,615       4,744       (3% )
Rail freight revenue/carload (dollars)
    1,656       1,515       9%  
 
 
Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2008 totaled $8,482 million compared to $7,897 million in 2007. The increase of $585 million was mainly due to freight rate increases of approximately $780 million, of which approximately half was related to a higher fuel surcharge resulting from year-over-year net increases in applicable fuel prices and higher volumes in specific commodity groups, particularly metals and minerals, intermodal and coal, which also reflect the negative impact of the UTU strike on first-quarter 2007 volumes. These gains were partly offset by lower volumes due to weakness in specific markets, particularly forest products and automotive, the impact of harsh weather conditions experi­enced in Canada and the U.S. Midwest during the first quarter of 2008, and reduced grain volumes as a result of depleted stockpiles. In the first nine months of the year, the Company experienced a $245 million negative translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar on U.S. dollar-denominated revenues that was almost entirely offset in the fourth quarter as a result of the weakened Canadian dollar. This offset­ting effect was experienced in all revenue commodity groups, although not explicitly stated in the discussions that follow. In addition, the Agency Decision to retroactively reduce rail revenue entitlement for grain transportation, as well as the Agency’s determination that the Company exceeded the revenue cap for the 2007–08 crop year, reduced grain revenues by $26 million in the fourth quarter.
 
In 2008, revenue ton miles (RTM), measuring the relative weight and distance of rail freight transported by the Company, declined 3% relative to 2007. Rail freight revenue per revenue ton mile, a measurement of yield defined as revenue earned on the movement of a ton of freight over one mile, increased by 10% when compared to 2007, mainly due to freight rate increases, including a higher fuel surcharge.
 
Petroleum and chemicals
 
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
% Change  
Revenues (millions)
  $ 1,346     $ 1,226       10 %
RTMs (millions)
    32,346       32,761       (1 %)
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    4.16       3.74       11 %
 
Petroleum and chemicals comprises a wide range of commodities, includ­ing chemicals, sulfur, plastics, petroleum products and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) products. The primary markets for these commodities are within North America, and as such, the performance of this commodity group is closely correlated with the North American economy. Most of the Company’s petroleum and chemicals shipments originate in the Louisiana petrochemical corridor between New Orleans and Baton Rouge; in northern Alberta, which is a major center for natural gas feedstock and world scale petrochemicals and plastics; and in eastern Canadian regional plants. These shipments are destined for customers in Canada, the United States and overseas. For the year ended December 31, 2008, revenues for this commodity group increased by $120 million, or 10%, when compared to 2007. The increase was mainly due to freight rate increases, strong condensate shipments into western Canada, shifts in the petroleum products markets in western Canada, and increased volumes due to the growing market for alternative fuels. These gains were partly offset by reduced plastic pellet shipments, and the impact of declining chemical markets. Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 11% in 2008, mainly due to freight rate increases that were partially offset by an increase in the average length of haul.
 
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
33

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis
 
 
 
Metals and minerals
 
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
% Change
Revenues (millions)
  $ 950     $ 826       15 %
RTMs (millions)
    17,953       16,719       7 %
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    5.29       4.94       7 %
 
The metals and minerals commodity group consists primarily of nonfer­rous base metals, concentrates, iron ore, steel, construction materials, machinery and dimensional (large) loads. The Company provides unique rail access to aluminum, mining, steel and iron ore producing regions, which are among the most important in North America. This access, coupled with the Company’s transload and port facilities, has made CN a leader in the transportation of copper, lead, zinc, concentrates, iron ore, refined metals and aluminum. Mining, oil and gas development and non-residential construction are the key drivers for metals and minerals. For the year ended December 31, 2008, revenues for this commodity group increased by $124 million, or 15%, when compared to 2007. The increase was mainly due to freight rate increases, strength in commodities related to oil and gas development, empty movements of private railcars, and strong demand for flat rolled products in the first nine months of the year. Partly offsetting these gains were the impact of fourth-quarter weakness in the steel industry, which reduced shipments of iron ore, flat rolled products, and scrap iron; and reduced shipments of non-ferrous ore. Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 7% in 2008, mainly due to freight rate increases that were partly offset by an increase in the average length of haul.
 
 
 
Forest products
 
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
% Change  
Revenues (millions)
  $ 1,436     $ 1,552       (7 %)
RTMs (millions)
    33,847       39,808       (15 %)
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    4.24       3.90       9 %
 
The forest products commodity group includes various types of lumber, panels, paper, wood pulp and other fibers such as logs, recycled paper and wood chips. The Company has superior rail access to the western and eastern Canadian fiber-producing regions, which are among the largest fiber source areas in North America. In the United States, the Company is strategically located to serve both the Midwest and southern U.S. corridors with interline connections to other Class I railroads. The key drivers for the various commodities are: for newsprint, advertising lineage, non-print media and overall economic conditions, primarily in the United States; for fibers (mainly wood pulp), the consumption of paper in North American and offshore markets; and for lumber and panels, housing starts and renovation activities in the United States. For the year ended December 31, 2008, revenues for this commodity group decreased by $116 million, or 7%, when compared to 2007. The decrease was mainly due to reduced lumber and panel shipments, which were affected by the decline in U.S. housing starts that resulted in mill closures and production curtailments, and reduced volumes of pulp and paper products. These factors were partly offset by freight rate increases. Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 9% in 2008, mainly due to freight rate increases and a positive change in traffic mix.
 
 
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
34

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis
 
 
 
Coal
 
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
% Change
Revenues (millions)
  $ 478     $ 385       24 %
RTMs (millions)
    14,886       13,776       8 %
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    3.21       2.79       15 %
 
The coal commodity group consists primarily of thermal grades of bituminous coal. Canadian thermal coal is delivered to power utilities primarily in eastern Canada; while in the United States, thermal coal is transported from mines served in southern Illinois, or from western U.S. mines via interchange with other railroads, to major utilities in the Midwest and southeast United States. The coal business also includes the transport of Canadian metallurgical coal, which is largely exported via terminals on the west coast of Canada to steel producers. For the year ended December 31, 2008, revenues for this commodity group increased by $93 million, or 24%, when compared to 2007. The increase was mainly due to freight rate increases, increased shipments of U.S. coal due to the startup of a new mine operation, strong volumes of coal received from western U.S. mines to destinations on CN lines and increased supply of petroleum coke from Alberta. These gains were partly offset by production issues experienced by Canadian and U.S. mines. Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 15% in 2008, largely due to freight rate increases and a positive change in traffic mix.
 
 
 
Grain and fertilizers
 
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
% Change  
Revenues (millions)
  $ 1,382     $ 1,311       5 %
RTMs (millions)
    42,507       45,359       (6 %)
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    3.25       2.89       12 %
 
The grain and fertilizers commodity group depends primarily on crops grown and fertilizers processed in western Canada and the U.S. Midwest. The grain segment consists of three primary segments: food grains (mainly wheat, oats and malting barley), feed grains (including feed barley, feed wheat, and corn), and oilseeds and oilseed products (primarily canola seed, oil and meal, and soybeans). Production of grain varies considerably from year to year, affected primarily by weather conditions, seeded and harvested acreage, the mix of grains produced and crop yields. Grain exports are sensitive to the size and quality of the crop produced, international market conditions and foreign government policy. The majority of grain produced in western Canada and moved by CN is exported via the ports of Vancouver, Prince Rupert and Thunder Bay. Certain of these rail movements are subject to government regulation and to a revenue cap, which effectively establishes a maximum revenue entitlement that railways can earn. In the U.S., grain grown in Illinois and Iowa is exported, as well as transported to domestic processing facilities and feed markets. The Company also serves major producers of potash in Canada, as well as producers of ammonium nitrate, urea and other fertilizers across Canada and the U.S. For the year ended December 31, 2008, revenues for this commodity group increased by $71 million, or 5%, when compared to 2007. The increase was mainly due to freight rate increases, higher ethanol shipments, stronger export volumes of Canadian canola and additional shipments of soybeans via the southern U.S. These gains were partly offset by reduced wheat volumes as a result of depleted stockpiles and reduced corn shipments. In addition, the negative impact of the Agency Decision to retroactively reduce rail revenue entitlement for grain transportation, as well as the Agency’s determination that the Company exceeded the revenue cap for the 2007–08 crop year, reduced revenues by $26 million in the fourth quarter. Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 12% in 2008, largely due to freight rate increases.
 
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
35

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis
 
 
 
Intermodal
 
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
% Change
Revenues (millions)
  $ 1,580     $ 1,382       14 %
RTMs (millions)
    33,822       32,607       4 %
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    4.67       4.24       10 %
 
The intermodal commodity group is comprised of two segments: domestic and international. The domestic segment transports consumer products and manufactured goods, operating through both retail and wholesale channels, within domestic Canada, domestic U.S., Mexico and transborder, while the international segment handles import and export container traffic, directly serving the major ports of Vancouver, Prince Rupert, Montreal, Halifax and New Orleans. The domestic segment is driven by consumer markets, with growth generally tied to the economy. The international segment is driven by North American economic and trade conditions. For the year ended December 31, 2008, revenues for this commodity group increased by $198 million, or 14%, when compared to 2007. The increase was mainly due to freight rate increases, higher volumes through the Port of Prince Rupert, which opened its intermodal terminal in late 2007 and higher Canadian retail and U.S. transborder traffic due to market share gains. These gains were partly offset by lower volumes both through the Port of Halifax as various customers rational­ized their services and consumer demand weakened, and through the Port of Vancouver in the fourth quarter due to weak consumer demand. Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 10% in 2008, mainly due to freight rate increases.
 
 
 
Automotive
 
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
% Change  
Revenues (millions)
  $ 469     $ 504       (7 %)
RTMs (millions)
    2,590       3,118       (17 %)
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    18.11       16.16       12 %
 
The automotive commodity group moves both finished vehicles and parts throughout North America, providing rail access to all vehicle assembly plants in Canada; eight assembly plants in Michigan; and one in Mississippi. The Company also serves more than 20 vehicle distribution facilities in Canada and the U.S., as well as parts production facilities in Michigan and Ontario. CN’s broad coverage enables it to consolidate full trainloads of automotive traffic for delivery to connect­ing railroads at key interchange points. The Company serves shippers of import vehicles via the ports of Halifax and Vancouver, and through interchange with other railroads. The Company’s automotive revenues are closely correlated to automotive production and sales in North America. For the year ended December 31, 2008, revenues for this com­modity group decreased by $35 million, or 7%, when compared to 2007. The decrease was mainly due to reduced volumes of domestic finished vehicle and parts traffic resulting from customer production curtailments and a second-quarter strike at a major customer’s parts supplier. These factors were partly offset by freight rate increases. Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 12% in 2008, largely due to freight rate increases that were partly offset by an increase in the average length of haul.
 
 
 
Other revenues
 
Other revenues include revenues from non-rail transportation services, interswitching, and maritime operations. In 2008, other revenues increased by $130 million, or 18%, when compared to 2007, mainly due to an increase in non-rail transportation services attributable to CN WorldWide activities and higher optional service revenues. These gains were partly offset by lower commuter and interswitching revenues.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
36

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis


 
Operating expenses

Operating expenses amounted to $5,588 million in 2008 compared to $5,021 million in 2007. The increase of $567 million, or 11%, in 2008 was mainly due to higher fuel costs, increases in purchased services and material and in casualty and other expenses. These factors were partly offset by lower labor and fringe benefits expense. In the first nine months of the year, the Company experienced a $145 million positive translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar on U.S. dollar-denominated expenses that was almost entirely offset in the fourth quarter as a result of the weakened Canadian dollar. This offsetting effect was experienced in all expense categories, although not explicitly stated in the discussions that follow. The first quarter 2007 UTU strike did not have a significant impact on total operating expenses for the year 2007.

                       
Percentage of revenues  
 
In millions 
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
% Change  
 
2008
 
2007
Labor and fringe benefits
    $ 1,674     $ 1,701       2 %     19.7 %     21.5 %
Purchased services and material
      1,137       1,045       (9 %)     13.4 %     13.2 %
Fuel
      1,403       1,026       (37 %)     16.5 %     13.0 %
Depreciation and amortization
      725       677       (7 %)     8.6 %     8.6 %
Equipment rents
      262       247       (6 %)     3.1 %     3.1 %
Casualty and other
      387       325       (19 %)     4.6 %     4.2 %
Total operating expenses     $  5,588     $  5,021       (11 %)     65.9 %      63.6 %

Labor and fringe benefits: Labor and fringe benefits expense includes wages, payroll taxes, and employee benefits such as incentive compensation, stock-based compensation, health and welfare, and pensions and other postretirement benefits. Certain incentive and stock-based compensation plans are based on financial and market performance targets and the related expense is recorded in relation to the attainment of such targets. Labor and fringe benefits expense decreased by $27 million, or 2%, in 2008 as compared to 2007. The decrease was mainly due to a reduction in net periodic benefit cost for pensions and lower stock-based compensation expense. Partly offsetting these factors were increases in annual wages and benefit expenses and higher workforce levels in the first half of 2008.

Purchased services and material: Purchased services and material expense primarily includes the costs of services purchased from outside contractors, materials used in the maintenance of the Companys track, facilities and equipment, transportation and lodging for train crew employees, utility costs and the net costs of operating facilities jointly used by the Company and other railroads. These expenses increased by $92 million, or 9%, in 2008 as compared to 2007. The increase was mainly due to higher costs for third-party non-rail transportation services, higher repairs and maintenance expenses, as well as other costs incurred as a result of the harsh weather conditions experienced in the first quarter of 2008. Partly offsetting these factors was income from the increased sale of scrap metal.

Fuel: Fuel expense includes the cost of fuel consumed by locomotives, intermodal equipment and other vehicles. These expenses increased by $377 million, or 37%, in 2008 as compared to 2007. The increase was primarily due to an increase in the average price per U.S. gallon of fuel when compared to 2007, which was partly offset by a decrease in freight volumes.

Depreciation and amortization: Depreciation and amortization expense relates to the Companys rail operations. These expenses increased by $48 million, or 7%, in 2008 as compared to 2007. The increase was mainly due to the impact of net capital additions and the adoption of new depreciation rates for various asset classes (see the Critical accounting policies section of this MD&A).

Equipment rents: Equipment rents expense includes rental expense for the use of freight cars owned by other railroads or private companies and for the short- or long-term lease of freight cars, locomotives and intermodal equipment, net of rental income from other railroads for the use of the Companys cars and locomotives. These expenses increased by $15 million, or 6%, in 2008 as compared to 2007. The increase was primarily due to lower car hire income as a result of fewer cars offline as well as higher car hire expense resulting mainly from a slowdown in online velocity caused by the harsh weather conditions experienced in the first quarter of 2008 and from new intermodal equipment for the Prince Rupert terminal. These factors were partly offset by lower lease expense.

Casualty and other: Casualty and other expense includes expenses for personal injuries, environmental, freight and property damage, insurance, bad debt and operating taxes, as well as travel expenses. These expenses increased by $62 million, or 19%, in 2008 as compared to 2007. The increase was mainly due to a lower reduction to the liability for U.S. personal injury claims in 2008 as compared to 2007 pursuant to actuarial valuations, higher bad debt expense, as well as increases in the environmental provision and municipal and property taxes. Partly offsetting these factors was the impact of lower legal settlements when compared to 2007.
 
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
37

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis


 
Other
 
Interest expense: Interest expense increased by $39 million, or 12%, for the year ended December 31, 2008 when compared to 2007, mainly due to the impact of a higher average debt balance. The positive translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar experienced in the first nine months of the year was almost entirely offset in the fourth quarter due to the weakened Canadian dollar.
 
Other income: In 2008, the Company recorded Other income of $26 million compared to $166 million in 2007. The decrease of $140 million was mainly due to gains on the sale of the CSC and the investment in EWS recorded in 2007, and foreign exchange losses in 2008 as compared to gains in 2007. These factors were partly offset by interest income received on a court settlement, lower fees related to the accounts receivable securitization program and higher income from other business activities.
 
Income tax expense: The Company recorded income tax expense of $650 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to $548 million in 2007. Included in 2008 and 2007 were deferred income tax recoveries of $117 million and $328 million, respectively. Of the 2008 amount, $42 million, recorded in the fourth quarter and $41 million, recorded in the third quarter, resulted from the resolution of various income tax matters and adjustments related to tax filings of prior years; $23 million, recorded in the second quarter, was due to the enactment of lower provincial corporate income tax rates; and $11 million, recorded in the first quarter, resulted from net capital losses arising from the reorganization of a subsidiary. Of the 2007 amount, $284 million, recorded in the fourth quarter and $30 million, recorded in the second quarter, were due to the enactment of corporate income tax rate changes in Canada; and $14 million, recorded in the third quarter, resulted from net capital losses arising from the reorganization of certain subsidiaries. The effective tax rate for 2008 was 25.5% compared to 20.3% in 2007. Excluding the deferred income tax recoveries, the effective tax rates for 2008 and 2007 were 30.1% and 32.4%, respectively. The decrease was mainly due to a reduction in corporate income tax rates.
 
2007 compared to 2006
 
In 2007, net income increased by $71 million, or 3%, to $2,158 million, when compared to 2006, with diluted earnings per share rising 9%, to $4.25. Included in the 2007 figures was a deferred income tax recovery of $328 million ($0.66 per basic share or $0.64 per diluted share), resulting mainly from the enactment of corporate income tax rate changes in Canada, and the gains on sale of the CSC of $64 million after-tax ($0.13 per basic or diluted share) and the Companys investment in EWS of $41 million after-tax ($0.08 per basic or diluted share). Included in the 2006 figures was a deferred income tax recovery of $277 million ($0.53 per basic share or $0.51 per diluted share), resulting primarily from the enactment of lower corporate income tax rates in Canada and the resolution of matters pertaining to prior years income taxes.
 
Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2007 totaled $7,897 million compared to $7,929 million in 2006. The decrease of $32 million, relatively flat on a percentage basis, was mainly due to the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar on U.S. dollar-denominated revenues, weakness in specific markets, particularly forest products, and the impact of the UTU strike and adverse weather conditions in the first half of 2007. Partly offsetting these factors was the impact of net freight rate increases, which includes lower fuel surcharge revenues as a result of applicable fuel prices, and an overall improvement in traffic mix.
 
Operating expenses increased by $122 million, or 2%, to $5,021 million, mainly due to increased fuel costs and equipment rents, which were partly offset by the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar on U.S. dollar-denominated expenses and decreased labor and fringe benefits.
 
The operating ratio was 63.6% in 2007 compared to 61.8% in 2006, a 1.8-point increase.
 
In addition to the weather conditions and operational challenges in the first half of 2007, the Companys results included the impact of a first-quarter strike by 2,800 members of the UTU in Canada for which the Company estimated the negative impact on first-quarter operating income and net income to be approximately $50 million and $35 million, respectively ($0.07 per basic or diluted share).
 
Foreign exchange fluctuations have also had an impact on the comparability of the results of operations. In 2007, the strengthening of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar, which affected the conversion of the Companys U.S. dollar-denominated revenues and expenses, resulted in a reduction to net income of approximately $35 million.
 
Revenues
                   
                     
In millions, unless
                   
otherwise indicated
Year ended December 31,
 
2007
   
2006
   
% Change  
Rail freight revenues
    $ 7,186     $ 7,254       (1 %)
Other revenues
      711       675       5 %
Total revenues
    $ 7,897     $ 7,929        
Rail freight revenues:
                         
Petroleum and chemicals
    $ 1,226     $ 1,171       5 %
Metals and minerals
      826       835       (1 %)
Forest products
      1,552       1,747       (11 %)
Coal
      385       370       4 %
Grain and fertilizers
      1,311       1,258       4 %
Intermodal
      1,382       1,394       (1 %)
Automotive
      504       479       5 %
Total rail freight revenues
    $ 7,186     $ 7,254       (1 %)
Revenue ton miles (RTM) (millions)
      184,148       185,610       (1 %)
Rail freight revenue/RTM (cents)
      3.90       3.91         -
Carloads (thousands)
      4,744       4,824       (2 %)
Rail freight revenue/carload (dollars)
      1,515       1,504       1 %
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
38

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis
 
 
 
Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2007 totaled $7,897 million compared to $7,929 million in 2006. The decrease of $32 million was mainly due to the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar on U.S. dollar-denominated revenues of approximately $220 million; weakness in specific markets, particularly forest products; and the impact of the UTU strike and adverse weather conditions in the first half of 2007. Partly offsetting these factors was the impact of net freight rate increases of approximately $170 million, which includes lower fuel surcharge revenues as a result of applicable fuel prices, and an overall improvement in traffic mix.

In 2007, revenue ton miles, declined 1% relative to 2006. Rail freight revenue per revenue ton mile was flat compared to 2006, partly due to net freight rate increases that were offset by the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar.

Petroleum and chemicals
                 
                   
Year ended December 31,
 
2007
   
2006
   
% Change
Revenues (millions)
  $ 1,226     $ 1,171       5 %
RTMs (millions)
    32,761       31,868       3 %
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    3.74       3.67       2 %

For the year ended December 31, 2007, revenues for this commodity group increased by $55 million, or 5%, from 2006. The increase in this commodity group was mainly due to net freight rate increases; the continued growth of condensate movements, both from the west coast of Canada and the U.S.; and increased volumes in petroleum products, driven by higher shipments of diesel and heavy fuel oils in Canada and alternative fuels in the U.S. These gains were partly offset by the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar; areas of market weakness for plastic feedstocks, driven largely by a customer plant closure, and for PVC plastics and chemicals; and the impact of the UTU strike and adverse weather conditions in the first half of 2007. Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 2% in 2007, mainly due to net freight rate increases and an improvement in traffic mix that were partly offset by the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar.
 
Metals and minerals
                 
                   
Year ended December 31,
 
2007
   
2006
   
% Change  
Revenues (millions)
  $ 826     $ 835       (1 %)
RTMs (millions)
    16,719       17,467       (4 %)
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    4.94       4.78       3 %

For the year ended December 31, 2007, revenues for this commodity group decreased by $9 million, or 1%, from 2006. The decrease in this commodity group was mainly due to the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar and softer demand for construction materials, primarily caused by fewer shipments of cement and roofing material. Partly offsetting these factors were net freight rate increases, strong shipments of steel slabs and plates, and increased volumes of machinery and dimensional loads. Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 3% in 2007, mainly due to net freight rate increases and a reduction in the average length of haul, largely caused by the recovery of short-haul iron ore volumes. Partly offsetting these factors was the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar.
 
Forest products
                 
                   
Year ended December 31,
 
2007
   
2006
   
% Change  
Revenues (millions)
  $ 1,552     $ 1,747       (11 %)
RTMs (millions)
    39,808       42,488       (6 %)
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    3.90       4.11       (5 %)

For the year ended December 31, 2007, revenues for this commodity group decreased by $195 million, or 11%, from 2006. The decrease in 2007 was mainly due to weak market conditions, the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar and the impact of the UTU strike and adverse weather conditions in the first half of 2007. Partly offsetting these factors were improvements in traffic mix as a result of extended routings and net freight rate increases. Revenue per revenue ton mile decreased by 5% in 2007, mainly due to an increase in the average length of haul and the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar, which were partly offset by net freight rate increases.
 
Coal
                 
                   
Year ended December 31,
 
2007
   
2006
   
% Change
Revenues (millions)
  $ 385     $ 370       4 %
RTMs (millions)
    13,776       13,727        
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    2.79       2.70       3 %

For the year ended December 31, 2007, revenues for this commodity group increased by $15 million, or 4%, from 2006. The improvement in this commodity group was mainly due to increased shipments of metallurgical coal in western Canada, largely driven by a new mine start-up, positive changes in traffic mix and net freight rate increases. Partly offsetting these gains were reduced shipments of imported metallurgical coke to the U.S., the cessation by the Company of certain short-haul U.S. coal shipments and the impact of the UTU strike and adverse weather conditions in the first half of 2007. The revenue per revenue ton mile increase of 3% in 2007 was mainly due to a positive change in traffic mix and net freight rate increases, which were partly offset by the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar.
 
Grain and fertilizers
                 
                   
Year ended December 31,
 
2007
   
2006
   
% Change
Revenues (millions)
  $ 1,311     $ 1,258       4 %
RTMs (millions)
    45,359       44,096       3 %
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    2.89       2.85       1 %

For the year ended December 31, 2007, revenues for this commodity group increased by $53 million, or 4%, from 2006. The improvement in this commodity group was mainly due to net freight rate increases and increased volumes, particularly of potash into the U.S., ethanol and Canadian grain exports. These gains were partly offset by the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar, lower U.S. corn shipments and the impact of the UTU strike and adverse weather conditions in the first half of 2007. Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 1% in 2007, largely due to net freight rate increases and a positive change in traffic mix that were partly offset by the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
39

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis
 
 
 
Intermodal
                 
                   
Year ended December 31,
 
2007
   
2006
   
% Change  
Revenues (millions)
  $ 1,382     $ 1,394       (1 %)
RTMs (millions)
    32,607       32,922       (1 %)
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    4.24       4.23       -  

For the year ended December 31, 2007, revenues for this commodity group decreased by $12 million, or 1%, from 2006. The decrease in this commodity group was mainly due to the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar, reduced overseas traffic due to lower volumes through the ports of Halifax and Montreal and the impact of the UTU strike and adverse weather conditions in the first half of 2007. Partly offsetting these factors were net freight rate increases, an increase in volume through the Port of Vancouver and the opening of the Port of Prince Rupert in the fourth quarter. Revenue per revenue ton mile remained relatively flat in 2007, mainly due to net freight rate increases that were offset by the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar.
 
 
Automotive
                 
                   
Year ended December 31,
 
2007
   
2006
   
% Change
Revenues (millions)
  $ 504     $ 479       5 %
RTMs (millions)
    3,118       3,042       2 %
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    16.16       15.75       3 %

For the year ended December 31, 2007, revenues for this commodity group increased by $25 million, or 5%, from 2006. The improvement in this commodity group was mainly due to increased market share of finished vehicles coming out of the U.S. into western Canada, increases in finished vehicles entering North America through CN-served ports, the benefit of new facilities in Ontario and Michigan and net freight rate increases that were partly offset by the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar. Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 3% in 2007, largely due to net freight rate increases that were partly offset by the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar.

Other revenues

In 2007, Other revenues increased by $36 million, or 5%, when compared to 2006, mainly due to an increase in non-rail transportation services revenues and higher optional service revenues which were partly offset by the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar.

Operating expenses

Operating expenses amounted to $5,021 million in 2007 compared to $4,899 million in 2006. The increase of $122 million, or 2%, in 2007 was mainly due to increased fuel costs and equipment rents, which were partly offset by the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar on U.S. dollar-denominated expenses of approximately $135 million and decreased labor and fringe benefits. The first-quarter 2007 UTU strike did not have a significant impact on total operating expenses as lower labor and fringe benefits expense was mostly offset by increases in purchased services and other expenses.

                       
Percentage of revenues   
 
In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2007
   
2006
   
% Change  
 
2007
 
2006
Labor and fringe benefits
    $ 1,701     $ 1,823       7 %     21.5 %     23.0 %
Purchased services and material
      1,045       1,027       (2 %)     13.2 %     13.0 %
Fuel
      1,026       892       (15 %)     13.0 %     11.2 %
Depreciation and amortization
      677       650       (4 %)     8.6 %     8.2 %
Equipment rents
      247       198       (25 %)     3.1 %     2.5 %
Casualty and other
      325       309       (5 %)     4.2 %     3.9 %
Total operating expenses
    $ 5,021     $ 4,899       (2 %)     63.6 %     61.8 %

Labor and fringe benefits: Labor and fringe benefits expense decreased by $122 million, or 7%, in 2007 as compared to 2006. The decrease was mainly due to lower annual employee incentive costs, the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar, a reduction in net periodic benefit cost for pensions, lower stock-based compensation expense and net savings due to the first-quarter UTU strike. Partly offsetting these factors were higher workforce levels, particularly in the second half of 2007, and annual wage increases.

Purchased services and material: Purchased services and material expense increased by $18 million, or 2%, in 2007 as compared to 2006. The increase was mainly due to higher costs for outsourced non-rail transportation services, higher repairs and maintenance expenses and higher costs as a result of the first-quarter UTU strike, which were partly offset by the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar.

Fuel: Fuel expense increased by $134 million, or 15%, in 2007 as compared to 2006. The increase was mainly due to a 13% increase in the average price per U.S. gallon of fuel when compared to the 2006 average price, which included the benefits of the fuel hedging program that expired in September 2006. Partly offsetting these factors were the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar, a decrease in freight volumes and improvements in fuel productivity.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
40

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis



Depreciation and amortization: Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $27 million, or 4%, in 2007 as compared to 2006. The increase was mainly due to the impact of net capital additions, which was partly offset by the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar.

Equipment rents: Equipment rents expense increased by $49 million, or 25%, in 2007 as compared to 2006. The increase was mainly due to lower car hire income as a result of the reduction in traffic for forest products, shorter car cycles offline, increased car hire expense due to reduced velocity online related to the impact of the UTU strike and adverse weather conditions in western Canada in the first half of 2007. Partly offsetting these factors was the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar.

Casualty and other: Casualty and other expense increased by $16 million, or 5%, in 2007 as compared to 2006. The increase was due primarily to increased accident costs as well as expenses incurred for the deployment of management employees as a result of the first-quarter UTU strike. Partly offsetting these factors was a lower expense for U.S. personal injury claims reflecting the results of the actuarial valuations in 2007.

Other

Interest expense: Interest expense increased by $24 million, or 8%, for the year ended December 31, 2007 as compared to 2006, mainly due to a higher average debt balance that was partly offset by the translation impact of the stronger Canadian dollar.

Other income: In 2007, the Company recorded Other income of $166 million compared to $11 million in 2006. The increase was mainly due to the gains on sale of $92 million for the CSC and $61 million for the investment in EWS.

Income tax expense: The Company recorded income tax expense of $548 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to $642 million in 2006. Included in the 2007 income tax expense was a deferred income tax recovery of $328 million, resulting mainly from the enactment of corporate income tax rate changes in Canada. Included in the 2006 income tax expense was a deferred income tax recovery of $277 million, resulting primarily from the enactment of lower corporate income tax rates in Canada and the resolution of matters pertaining to prior years income taxes. The effective tax rate for 2007 was 20.3% compared to 23.5% in 2006. Excluding the deferred income tax recoveries, the effective tax rates for 2007 and 2006 were 32.4% and 33.7%, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate, excluding the deferred income tax recoveries, was mainly due to lower corporate income tax rates in Canada.

 
Summary of fourth quarter 2008 compared to corresponding quarter in 2007  unaudited

Fourth quarter 2008 net income decreased by $260 million, or 31%, to $573 million, when compared to the same period in 2007, with diluted earnings per share decreasing 28% to $1.21.

Revenues for the fourth quarter of 2008 increased by $259 million, or 13%, to $2,200 million, when compared to the same period in 2007. The increase was mainly due to the positive translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar on U.S. dollar-denominated revenues of $230 million and freight rate increases, including a higher fuel surcharge resulting from year-over-year net increases in applicable fuel prices. These gains were partly offset by lower volumes in almost all commodity groups due to weak market conditions. In addition, the Agency Decision to retroactively reduce rail revenue entitlement for grain transportation, as well as the Agencys determination that the Company exceeded the revenue cap for the 200708 crop year, reduced grain revenues by $26 million. Associated penalties of $4 million increased Casualty and other expense.

Operating expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2008 increased by $175 million, or 15%, to $1,380 million, due primarily to the negative translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar on U.S. dollar-denominated expenses of approximately $145 million, and increased casualty and other and labor and fringe benefit expenses. These factors were partly offset by lower fuel costs as a result of a decrease in the average price per U.S. gallon of fuel during the fourth quarter.

The operating ratio was 62.7% in the fourth quarter of 2008 compared to 62.1% in the fourth quarter of 2007, a 0.6-point increase.

The Companys results of operations in the fourth quarter of 2008 were affected by significant weakness in certain markets due to the current economic environment. Included in the 2008 figures was a deferred income tax recovery of $42 million ($0.09 per basic or diluted share), resulting from the resolution of various income tax matters and adjustments related to tax filings of prior years. The Companys results of operations in the fourth quarter of 2007 included a deferred income tax recovery of $284 million ($0.58 per basic share or $0.57 per diluted share), resulting mainly from the enactment of corporate income tax rate changes in Canada, the gains on sale of the CSC of $64 million ($0.13 per basic or diluted share) and the Companys investment in EWS of $41 million ($0.08 per basic or diluted share).

Foreign exchange fluctuations have also had an impact on the comparability of the fourth-quarter results of operations. The fluctuation of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar, which affects the conversion of the Companys U.S. dollar-denominated revenues and expenses, has resulted in an increase of approximately $45 million ($0.10 per basic or diluted share) to net income.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
41

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis



Summary of quarterly financial data unaudited

In millions, except per share data
   
2008 Quarters
   
2007 Quarters
 
   
Fourth
   
Third
   
Second
   
First
   
Fourth
   
Third
   
Second
   
First
 
Revenues
  $ 2,200     $ 2,257     $ 2,098     $ 1,927     $ 1,941     $ 2,023     $ 2,027     $ 1,906  
Operating income
  $ 820     $ 844     $ 707     $ 523     $ 736     $ 768     $ 811     $ 561  
Net income
  $ 573     $ 552     $ 459     $ 311     $ 833     $ 485     $ 516     $ 324  
Basic earnings per share
  $ 1.22     $ 1.17     $ 0.96     $ 0.64     $ 1.70     $ 0.97     $ 1.02     $ 0.64  
Diluted earnings per share
  $ 1.21     $ 1.16     $ 0.95     $ 0.64     $ 1.68     $ 0.96     $ 1.01     $ 0.63  
Dividend declared per share
  $ 0.23     $ 0.23     $ 0.23     $ 0.23     $ 0.21     $ 0.21     $ 0.21     $ 0.21  
 
Revenues generated by the Company during the year are influenced by seasonal weather conditions, general economic conditions, cyclical demand for rail transportation, and competitive forces in the transportation marketplace (see the Business risks section of this MD&A). Operating expenses reflect the impact of freight volumes, seasonal weather conditions, labor costs, fuel prices, and the Companys productivity initiatives. The continued fluctuations in the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar have also affected the conversion of the Companys U.S. dollar-denominated revenues and expenses and resulted in fluctuations in net income in the rolling eight quarters presented above.
 
The Companys quarterly results include items that impacted the quarter-over-quarter comparability of the results of operations as discussed below:
 
In millions, except per share data
 
   
  2008 Quarters
   
  2007 Quarters
 
   
Fourth
   
Third
   
Second
   
First
   
Fourth
   
Third
   
Second
   
First
 
Deferred income tax recoveries (a)
  $ 42     $ 41     $ 23     $ 11     $  284     $ 14     $ 30     $  
Gain on sale of CSC (after-tax) (b)
                            64                    
Gain on sale of investment in EWS (after-tax) (c)
                            41                    
UTU strike (after-tax) (d)
                                              (35 )
Impact on net income
  $ 42    
$ 
41
    $ 23     $ 11     $  389     $ 
14
    $ 30     $ (35 )
Basic earnings per share
  $ 0.09     $ 0.09     $ 0.05     $ 0.02     $ 0.79     $ 0.03     $ 0.06     $ (0.07 )
Diluted earnings per share
  $ 0.09     $ 0.09     $ 0.05     $ 0.02     $ 0.78     $ 0.03     $ 0.06     $ (0.07 )
 
(a) 
Deferred income tax recoveries resulted mainly from the enactment of corporate income tax rate changes in Canada and the resolution of various income tax matters and adjustments related to tax filings of prior years.
 
(b) 
The Company sold its CSC in Montreal for proceeds of $355 million before transaction costs. A gain of $92 million ($64 million after-tax) was recognized immediately in Other income.
 
(c) 
The Company sold its 32% ownership interest in EWS for cash proceeds of $114 million, resulting in a gain on disposition of the investment of $61 million ($41 million after-tax), which was recorded in Other income.
 
(d) 
A strike by 2,800 members of the UTU impacted ifrst-quarter 2007 operating income and net income by approximately $50 million and $35 million, respectively.


Balance sheet

Assets

As at December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Companys total assets were $26,720 million and $23,460 million, respectively, an increase of $3,260 million when compared to 2007.

Current assets increased by $708 million when compared to 2007, of which $543 million related to accounts receivable. The higher balance in accounts receivable was due to a decrease of $617 million in the accounts receivable sold under the securitization program and $102 million of foreign exchange translation gains on U.S. dollar-denominated accounts receivable, which were offset by $176 million related to an improved collection cycle.

In addition, Properties increased by $2,790 million when compared to 2007. The increase was due to $1,991 million in foreign exchange translation gains on U.S. dollar-denominated properties and $1,541 million related to property and capital lease additions. These increases were offset by $723 million of depreciation and other items netting to $19 million.

Intangible and other assets decreased by $238 million when compared to 2007. Of this amount, $246 million related to a decrease in the Companys pension asset.

Total liabilities

As at December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Companys combined short-term and long-term liabilities were $16,161 million and $13,283 million, respectively, an increase of $2,878 million when compared to 2007.

Current liabilities increased by $302 million when compared to 2007. Of this amount, $252 million related to an increase in the current portion of long-term debt.

Deferred income taxes increased by $603 million when compared to 2007. The increase was due to $265 million of deferred income tax expense, excluding recognized tax benefits, $620 million of foreign exchange translation losses on U.S. dollar-denominated deferred income taxes and $21 million for other items. These factors were offset by a deferred income tax recovery of $303 million recorded in Other comprehensive loss.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
42

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis
 
 

Total long-term debt, including the current portion, increased by $2,294 million when compared to 2007. The increase was due to issuances of Notes, capital leases and commercial paper totaling $4,558 million and $1,325 million of foreign exchange translation losses on U.S. dollar-denominated debt that were partly offset by repayments totaling $3,589 million.

Equity

As at December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Companys equity was $10,559 million and $10,177 million, respectively, an increase of $382 million. Increases in equity included $1,895 million of net income for the current year and $68 million in issuances of common shares upon exercise of stock options and other. Decreases to equity included $1,021 million related to shares repurchased under the share buyback programs and $436 million of dividends paid. Accumulated other comprehensive loss also increased by $124 million.
 
 
Liquidity and capital resources

The Companys principal source of liquidity is cash generated from operations and is supplemented by borrowings in the money market and the capital market. To meet its short-term liquidity needs, the Company has a commercial paper program, which is backstopped by a portion of its U.S.$1 billion revolving credit facility, and an accounts receivable securitization program. Beginning in the latter part of the third quarter of 2008, unprecedented conditions in the financial markets led to unsettled conditions in the commercial paper and short-term lending markets. During these disruptions, the Company briefly lost access to the commercial paper market, and used its accounts receivable securitization program in lieu of new commercial paper borrowings to cover its short-term liquidity needs. If the Company were to lose access to its commercial paper program and its accounts receivable securitization program for an extended period, the Company intends to rely on its U.S.$1 billion revolving credit facility for its short-term liquidity needs. The Companys access to long-term funds in the debt capital markets will depend on its credit rating and market conditions. While the global financial crisis has led to debt capital markets that are marked by high volatility, the Company believes that it has access to the long-term debt capital markets. However, if the Company were unable to borrow funds at acceptable rates in the debt capital markets, the Company could borrow under its revolving credit facility, raise cash by disposing of surplus properties or otherwise monetizing assets, reduce discretionary spending or take a combination of these measures to assure that it has adequate funding for its business.

Operating activities: Cash provided from operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $2,031 million compared to $2,417 million in 2007. Net cash receipts from customers and other were $8,012 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, a decrease of $127 million when compared to 2007, mainly due to a decrease in the proceeds received under the Companys accounts receivable securitization program that was partially offset by an increase in customer billings. Payments for employee services, suppliers and other expenses were $4,920 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, an increase of $597 million when compared to 2007, principally due to higher payments for fuel and third-party non-rail transportation services. Payments for income taxes in 2008 were $425 million, a decrease of $442 million when compared to 2007, mainly due to a final payment for Canadian income taxes that was made in the first quarter of 2007, in respect of the 2006 fiscal year. Also consuming cash in 2008 were payments for interest, workforce reductions and personal injury and other claims totaling $509 million, compared to $457 million in 2007. In 2008 and 2007, pension contributions were $127 million, of which $22 million related to the 2007 funding year; and $75 million, respectively. In 2009, payments for pension contributions are expected to be approximately $130 million and income tax payments are expected to be in the same range as in 2008.

At December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company had working capital deficits of $234 million and $610 million, respectively. The change in working capital is explained in the Balance sheet section of this MD&A. A working capital deficit is common in the rail industry because it is capital-intensive, and does not indicate a lack of liquidity. The Company maintains adequate resources to meet daily cash requirements, and has sufficient financial capacity including the commercial paper program, accounts receivable securitization program and revolving credit facility, to manage its day-to-day cash requirements and current obligations. There are currently no specific requirements relating to working capital other than in the normal course of business.

Investing activities: Cash used by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2008 amounted to $1,400 million compared to $895 million in 2007. The Companys investing activities in 2008 included property additions of $1,424 million, an increase of $37 million when compared to 2007, and $50 million for acquisitions (see the Acquisitions section of this MD&A). Included in investing activities in 2007 are the net proceeds of $465 million from the disposition of the CSC and the Companys investment in EWS. The following table details property additions for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007:

In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
 
Track and roadway
    $ 1,131     $ 1,069  
Rolling stock
      160       281  
Buildings
      57       172  
Information technology
      122       97  
Other
      71       69  
Gross property additions
      1,541       1,688  
Less: capital leases (a)
      117       301  
Property additions
    $ 1,424     $ 1,387  

(a)  
During 2008, the Company recorded $117 million in assets it acquired through equipment leases ($301 million in 2007, of which $211 million related to assets acquired through equipment leases and $90 million to the leaseback of the CSC), for which $121 million was recorded in debt.

On an ongoing basis, the Company invests in capital programs for the renewal of the basic plant, the acquisition of rolling stock and other investments to take advantage of growth opportunities and to improve the Companys productivity and the fluidity of its network. For 2009, the Company expects to invest approximately $1.5 billion for its capital programs.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
43

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis



Free cash flow

The Company generated $794 million of free cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to $828 million in 2007. Free cash flow does not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and may, therefore, not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. The Company believes that free cash flow is a useful measure of performance as it demonstrates the Companys ability to generate cash after the payment of capital expenditures and dividends. The Company defines free cash flow as cash provided from operating activities, excluding changes in the accounts receivable securitization program and changes in cash and cash equivalents resulting from foreign exchange fluctuations, less cash used by investing activities and the payment of dividends, calculated as follows:

In millions                                                                                    Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
 
Cash provided from operating activities
  $ 2,031     $ 2,417  
Cash used by investing activities
    (1,400 )     (895 )
Cash provided before financing activities
    631       1,522  
Adjustments:
               
Change in accounts receivable securitization
    568       (228 )
Dividends paid
    (436 )     (418 )
Effect of foreign exchange fluctuations on U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents
    31       (48 )
Free cash flow
  $ 794     $ 828  

 
Financing activities: Cash used by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2008 totaled $559 million compared to $1,343 million in 2007. In April 2008, the Company repaid its U.S.$150 million 6.63% Notes, which came to maturity, with cash on hand. In May 2008, the Company issued U.S.$325 million (Cdn$331 million) of 4.95% Notes due 2014 and U.S.$325 million (Cdn$331 million) of 5.55% Notes due 2018. The Company used the net proceeds of U.S.$643 million to repay a portion of its commercial paper outstanding and reduce its accounts receivable securitization program. In 2008 and 2007, issuances and repayments of long-term debt related principally to the Companys commercial paper program.

Cash received from stock options exercised during 2008 and 2007 was $44 million and $61 million, respectively, and the related tax benefit realized upon exercise was $10 million and $16 million, respectively.

In 2008, the Company repurchased 19.4 million common shares for $1,021 million (weighted-average price of $52.70 per share) under its share repurchase programs: 6.1 million common shares for $331 million (weighted-average price of $54.42 per share) under its new 25.0 million share repurchase program and 13.3 million common shares for $690 million (weighted-average price of $51.91 per share) under its previous 33.0 million share repurchase program, which ended in the second quarter of 2008.

During 2008, the Company paid quarterly dividends of $0.23 per share amounting to $436 million, compared to $418 million, at the rate of $0.21 per share, for the same period in 2007.

Credit measures

Management believes that the adjusted debt-to-total capitalization ratio is a useful credit measure that aims to show the true leverage of the Company. Similarly, adjusted debt-to-adjusted earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) is another useful credit measure because it reflects the Companys ability to service its debt. The Company excludes Other income in the calculation of EBITDA. However, since these measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP, they may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies and, as such, should not be considered in isolation.

Adjusted debt-to-total capitalization ratio 
           
                                                                                               December 31,
 
2008
 
2007
Debt-to-total capitalization ratio (a)
    42.8 %     35.6 %
Add: Present value of operating lease commitments plus securitization financing (b)
    2.4 %     4.8 %
Adjusted debt-to-total capitalization ratio
    45.2 %     40.4 %
                 
Adjusted debt-to-adjusted EBITDA
               
$ in millions, unless otherwise indicated                                                                                  Year ended December 31,
   
2008
 
2007
Debt
  $ 7,911   $ 5,617
Add: Present value of operating lease commitments plus securitization financing (b)
    787     1,287
Adjusted debt
    8,698     6,904
Operating income
    2,894     2,876
Add: Depreciation and amortization
    725     677
EBITDA
    3,619     3,553
Add: Deemed interest on operating leases
    39     41
Adjusted EBITDA
  $ 3,658   $ 3,594
Adjusted debt-to-adjusted EBITDA
 
2.38 times
 
1.92 times
 
(a)  
Debt-to-total capitalization is calculated as total long-term debt plus current portion of long-term debt divided by the sum of total debt plus total shareholders equity.
 
(b)  
The operating lease commitments have been discounted using the Companys implicit interest rate for each of the periods presented.

The Company has access to various financing arrangements:

Revolving credit facility

The Company has a U.S.$1 billion revolving credit facility, expiring in October 2011. The credit facility is available for general corporate purposes, including back-stopping the Companys commercial paper program, and provides for borrowings at various interest rates, including the Canadian prime rate, bankers acceptance rates, the U.S. federal funds effective rate and the London Interbank Offer Rate, plus applicable margins. The credit facility agreement has one financial covenant, which limits debt as a percentage of total capitalization, and with which the Company is in compliance. As at December 31, 2008, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under its revolving credit facility (nil as at December 31, 2007) and had letters of credit drawn of $181 million ($57 million as at December 31, 2007).
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
44

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis
 
 

Commercial paper

The Company has a commercial paper program, which is backed by a portion of its revolving credit facility, enabling it to issue commercial paper up to a maximum aggregate principal amount of $800 million, or the U.S. dollar equivalent. Commercial paper debt is due within one year but is classified as long-term debt, reflecting the Companys intent and contractual ability to refinance the short-term borrowings through subsequent issuances of commercial paper or drawing down on the long-term revolving credit facility. As at December 31, 2008, the Company had total borrowings of $626 million, of which $256 million was denominated in Canadian dollars and $370 million was denominated in U.S. dollars (U.S.$303 million). The weighted-average interest rate on these borrowings was 2.42%. As at December 31, 2007, the Company had total borrowings of $122 million, of which $114 million was denominated in Canadian dollars and $8 million was denominated in U.S. dollars (U.S.$8 million). The weighted-average interest rate on these borrowings was 5.01%.

Shelf prospectus and registration statement

The Company has U.S.$1.85 billion registered for offering under its currently effective shelf prospectus and registration statement, expiring in January 2010, providing for the issuance of debt securities in one or more offerings.

All forward-looking information provided in this section is subject to risks and uncertainties and is based on assumptions about events and developments that may not materialize or that may be offset entirely or partially by other events and developments. See the Business risks section of this MD&A for a discussion of assumptions and risk factors affecting such forward-looking statements.

 
Contractual obligations
 
In the normal course of business, the Company incurs contractual obligations. The following table sets forth the Companys contractual obligations for the following items as at December 31, 2008:
 
In millions
 
Total
   
2009
   
2010
   
2011
   
2012
   
2013
   
2014 &
thereafter
 
Long-term debt obligations (a)
  $ 6,599     $ 367     $     $ 1,112     $     $ 486     4,634  
Interest on long-term debt obligations
    6,665       377       361       357       315       304       4,951  
Capital lease obligations (b)
    1,837       207       158       199       96       145       1,032  
Operating lease obligations (c)
    876       166       134       112       87       65       312  
Purchase obligations (d)
    1,006       457       260       83       61       57       88  
Other long-term liabilities reflected on the balance sheet (e)
  813       73       62       51       45       43       539  
Total obligations
  $ 17,796     $ 1,647     $ 975     $ 1,914     $ 604     $ 1,100     $ 11,556  

(a)  
Presented net of unamortized discounts, of which $835 million relates to non-interest bearing Notes due in 2094, and excludes capital lease obligations of $1,312 million which are included in “Capital lease obligations.”
 
(b)  
Includes $1,312 million of minimum lease payments and $525 million of imputed interest at rates ranging from 2.1% to 7.9%.
 
(c)  
Includes minimum rental payments for operating leases having initial non-cancelable lease terms of one year or more. The Company also has operating lease agreements for its automotive fleet with minimum one-year non-cancelable terms for which its practice is to renew monthly thereafter. The estimated annual rental payments for such leases are approximately $30 million and generally extend over five years.
 
(d)  
Includes commitments for railroad ties, rail, freight cars, locomotives and other equipment and services, and outstanding information technology service contracts and licenses.
 
(e)  
Includes expected payments for workers compensation, workforce reductions, postretirement benefits other than pensions and environmental liabilities that have been classified as contractual settlement agreements.

For 2009 and the foreseeable future, the Company expects cash flow from operations and from its various sources of financing to be sufficient to meet its debt repayments and future obligations, and to fund anticipated capital expenditures.

See the Business risks section of this MD&A for a discussion of assumptions and risk factors affecting such forward-looking statement.


Acquisitions

Acquisition of Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway Company (EJ&E) Subsequent event

In September 2007, the Company and U.S. Steel Corporation (U.S. Steel), the indirect owner of the EJ&E, announced an agreement under which the Company would acquire the principal lines of the EJ&E for a purchase price of approximately U.S.$300 million. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company would acquire substantially all of the railroad assets and equipment of the EJ&E, except those that support the Gary Works site in northwest Indiana and the steelmaking operations of U.S. Steel.

The Company has received all necessary regulatory approvals, including the U.S. Surface Transportation Board (STB) ruling rendered on December 24, 2008. On January 31, 2009, the Company completed its acquisition of the EJ&E for a purchase price of U.S.$300 million, paid with cash on hand.

Over the next few years, the Company has committed to spend approximately U.S.$100 million for infrastructure improvements and over U.S.$60 million under a series of mitigation agreements with individual communities, as well as under a comprehensive voluntary mitigation program that addresses municipalities concerns raised during the regulatory approval process. Expenditures for additional STB-imposed mitigation are being currently evaluated by the Company.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
45

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis



The Company accounted for the acquisition using the purchase method of accounting pursuant to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 141(R), “Business Combinations,” which became effective for acquisitions closing on or after January 1, 2009 (See the Recent accounting pronouncements section of this MD&A).

In 2008, the Company acquired the three principal railway subsidiaries of the Quebec Railway Corp. (QRC) and a QRC rail-freight ferry operation for a total acquisition cost of $50 million, paid with cash on hand. The acquisition includes:

(i)  
Chemin de fer de la Matapedia et du Golfe, a 221-mile short-line railway;

(ii)  
New Brunswick East Coast Railway, a 196-mile short-line railway;

(iii)  
Ottawa Central Railway, a 123-mile short-line railway; and

(iv)  
Compagnie de gestion de Matane Inc., a rail ferry which provides shuttle boat-rail freight service.

In 2007, the Company acquired the rail assets of Athabasca Northern Railway (ANY) for $25 million, with a planned investment of $135 million in rail line upgrades over a three-year period.

Acquisitions in 2008 and 2007 were accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. As such, the Companys consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and results of operations of the acquired entities from the dates of acquisition.

 
Disposal of property and investment

Sale of investment in English Welsh and Scottish Railway (EWS)

In November 2007, Germanys state-owned railway, Deutsche Bahn AG, acquired all of the shares of EWS, a company that provides most of the rail freight services in Great Britain and operates freight trains through the English Channel Tunnel, and in which the Company had a 32% ownership interest. The Company accounted for its investment in EWS using the equity method. The Companys share of the cash proceeds was $114 million, resulting in a gain on disposition of the investment of $61 million ($41 million after-tax) which was recorded in Other income. An additional £18 million (Cdn$36 million) was placed in escrow at the time of sale, and will be recognized when defined contingencies are resolved. At December 31, 2008, £12 million (Cdn$22 million) remained in escrow.

Sale of Central Station Complex (CSC)

In November 2007, CN finalized an agreement with Homburg Invest Inc., to sell its CSC in Montreal for proceeds of $355 million before transaction costs. Under the agreement, the Company entered into long-term arrangements to lease back its corporate headquarters building and the Central Station railway passenger facilities. The transaction resulted in a gain on disposition of $222 million, including amounts related to the corporate headquarters building and the Central Station railway passenger facilities, which are being deferred and amortized over their respective lease terms. A gain of $92 million ($64 million after-tax) was recognized immediately in Other income.


Off balance sheet arrangements

Accounts receivable securitization program

The Company has a five-year agreement, expiring in May 2011, to sell an undivided co-ownership interest for maximum cash proceeds of $600 million in a revolving pool of freight receivables to an unrelated trust. The trust is a multi-seller trust and the Company is not the primary beneficiary. The trust was established in Ontario, Canada in 1994 by a Canadian bank to acquire receivables and interests in other financial assets from a variety of originators. Funding for the acquisition of these assets is customarily through the issuance of asset-backed commercial paper notes. The notes are secured by, and recourse is limited to, the assets purchased using the proceeds of the notes. At December 31, 2008, the trust held interests in 16 pools of assets and had notes outstanding of $3.3 billion. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company sells an interest in its receivables and receives proceeds net of the required reserve as stipulated in the agreement. The required reserve represents an amount set aside to allow for possible credit losses and is recognized by the Company as a retained interest and recorded in Other current assets in its Consolidated Balance Sheet. The eligible freight receivables as defined in the agreement may not include delinquent or defaulted receivables, or receivables that do not meet certain obligor-specific criteria, including concentrations in excess of prescribed limits with any one customer.

The Company has retained the responsibility for servicing, administering and collecting the receivables sold and receives no fee for such ongoing servicing responsibilities. The average servicing period is approximately one month. In 2008, proceeds from collections reinvested in the securitization program were approximately $3.3 billion. At December 31, 2008, the servicing asset and liability were not significant. Subject to customary indemnifications, the trusts recourse is generally limited to the receivables.

The Company accounted for the accounts receivable securitization program as a sale, because control over the transferred accounts receivable was relinquished. Due to the relatively short collection period and the high quality of the receivables sold, the fair value of the undivided interest transferred to the trust approximated the book value thereof. As such, no gain or loss was recorded.

The Company is subject to customary requirements that include reporting requirements as well as compliance to specified ratios, for which failure to perform could result in termination of the program. In addition, the trust is subject to customary credit rating requirements, which if not met, could also result in termination of the program. The Company monitors its requirements and is currently not aware of any trends, events or conditions that could cause such termination.

The accounts receivable securitization program provides the Company with readily available short-term financing for general corporate use. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company may change the percentage of co-ownership interest sold at any time. In the event the program is terminated before its scheduled maturity, the Company expects to meet its future payment obligations through its various sources of financing, including its revolving credit facility and commercial paper program, and/or access to capital markets.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
46

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis



At December 31, 2008, the Company had sold receivables that resulted in proceeds of $71 million under the accounts receivable securitization program ($588 million at December 31, 2007), and recorded the retained interest of approximately 10% of this amount in Other current assets (retained interest of approximately 10% recorded at December 31, 2007). The fair value of the retained interest approximated carrying value as a result of the short collection cycle and negligible credit losses.

Guarantees and indemnifications

In the normal course of business, the Company, including certain of its subsidiaries, enters into agreements that may involve providing certain guarantees or indemnifications to third parties and others, which may extend beyond the term of the agreement. These include, but are not limited to, residual value guarantees on operating leases, standby letters of credit and surety and other bonds, and indemnifications that are customary for the type of transaction or for the railway business.

The Company is required to recognize a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing certain guarantees on the date the guarantee is issued or modified. In addition, where the Company expects to make a payment in respect of a guarantee, a liability will be recognized to the extent that one has not yet been recognized.

The nature of these guarantees or indemnifications, the maximum potential amount of future payments, the carrying amount of the liability, if any, and the nature of any recourse provisions are disclosed in Note 17 Major commitments and contingencies, to the Companys Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.

 
Stock plans

The Company has various stock-based incentive plans for eligible employees. A description of the Companys major plans is provided in Note 11 Stock plans, to the Companys Annual Consolidated Financial Statements. Compensation cost for awards under all stock-based compensation plans was $27 million, $62 million and $79 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The total tax benefit recognized in income in relation to stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $7 million, $23 million and $22 million, respectively.

 
Financial instruments

The Company has limited involvement with derivative financial instruments in the management of its risks and does not use them for trading purposes. At December 31, 2008, the Company did not have any derivative financial instruments outstanding.

Fuel

To mitigate the effects of fuel price changes on its operating margins and overall profitability, the Company had a hedging program which called for entering into swap positions on crude and heating oil to cover a target percentage of future fuel consumption up to two years in advance. However, no additional swap positions were entered into since September 2004. As such, the Company terminated this program in late 2006.

Since the changes in the fair value of the swap positions were highly correlated to changes in the price of fuel, the fuel hedges were accounted for as cash flow hedges, whereby the effective portion of the cumulative change in the market value of the derivative instruments had been recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss.

During 2006, the Companys remaining swap positions matured and were settled. As a result, the related unrealized gains of $57 million, $39 million after-tax previously recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss were reclassified into income as realized gains. Total realized gains from the Companys fuel hedging activities, which were recorded as a reduction of fuel expense, were $64 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The Company did not recognize any material gains or losses in 2006 due to hedge ineffectiveness as the Companys derivative instruments were highly effective in hedging the changes in cash flows associated with forecasted purchases of diesel fuel.

Interest rate

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk related to the funded status of its pension and postretirement plans and on a portion of its long-term debt and does not currently hold any derivative financial instruments to manage this risk. At December 31, 2008, Accumulated other comprehensive loss included an unamortized gain of $11 million, $8 million after-tax ($11 million, $8 million after-tax at December 31, 2007) relating to treasury lock transactions settled in 2004, which are being amortized over the term of the related debt.

 
Payments for income taxes

The Company is required to make scheduled installment payments as prescribed by the tax authorities. In Canada, payments in 2008 were $288 million ($724 million was paid in 2007 of which $367 million was paid in respect to the 2006 fiscal year). In the U.S., payments in 2008 were $137 million ($143 million in 2007). For the 2009 fiscal year, the Companys payments are expected to be in the same range as in 2008.
 
See the Business risks section of this MD&A for a discussion of assumptions and risk factors affecting such forward-looking statements.

 
Common stock

Share repurchase programs

On July 21, 2008, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a new share repurchase program which allows for the repurchase of up to 25.0 million common shares between July 28, 2008 and July 20, 2009 pursuant to a normal course issuer bid, at prevailing market prices or such other prices as may be permitted by the Toronto Stock Exchange.

As at December 31, 2008, under this current share repurchase program, the Company repurchased 6.1 million common shares for $331 million, at a weighted-average price of $54.42 per share.

In June 2008, the Company ended its 33.0 million share repurchase program, which began on July 26, 2007, repurchasing a total of 31.0 million common shares for $1,588 million, at a weighted-average price of $51.22 per share. Of this amount, 13.3 million common shares were
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
47

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis



repurchased in 2008 for $690 million, at a weighted-average price of $51.91 per share; and 17.7 million common shares were repurchased in 2007 for $897 million, at a weighted-average price of $50.70 per share.

Outstanding share data

As at February 5, 2009, the Company had 468.3 million common shares and 14.3 million stock options outstanding.

 
Recent accounting pronouncements

The Accounting Standards Board of the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants has announced its decision to require all publicly accountable enterprises to report under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for the years beginning on or after January 1, 2011. However, National Instrument 52-107 currently allows foreign issuers, as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), such as CN, to file with Canadian securities regulators financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. As such, the Company has decided not to report under IFRS by 2011 and to continue reporting under U.S. GAAP. In August 2008, the SEC issued a roadmap for the potential convergence to IFRS for U.S. issuers and foreign issuers. The proposal stipulates that the SEC will decide in 2011 whether to move forward with the convergence to IFRS with the transition beginning in 2014. Should the SEC adopt such a proposal, the Company will convert its reporting to IFRS at such time.

In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 141(R), “Business Combinations,” which requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be measured at fair value as of the acquisition date, and that goodwill acquired from a bargain purchase (previously referred to as negative goodwill) be recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income in the period the acquisition occurs. The standard also prescribes disclosure requirements to enable users of financial statements to evaluate and understand the nature and financial effects of the business combination. The standard is effective for business combinations with an acquisition date on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Company will apply SFAS No. 141(R) on a prospective basis, beginning with its acquisition of the EJ&E in 2009. As at December 31, 2008, the Company had approximately $40 million of transaction costs recorded in Other current assets related to the acquisition of the EJ&E. Pursuant to the requirements of this standard, such costs will be expensed at the time of acquisition.

 
Critical accounting policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period, the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. On an ongoing basis, management reviews its estimates based upon currently available information. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The Companys policies for personal injury and other claims, environmental claims, depreciation, pensions and other postretirement benefits, and income taxes, require managements more significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of the Companys consolidated financial statements and, as such, are considered to be critical. The following information should be read in conjunction with the Companys Annual Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto.

Management discusses the development and selection of the Companys critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of the Companys Board of Directors, and the Audit Committee has reviewed the Companys related disclosures.

Personal injury and other claims

The Company becomes involved, from time to time, in various legal actions seeking compensatory, and occasionally punitive damages, including actions brought on behalf of various purported classes of claimants and claims relating to personal injuries, occupational disease, and property damage, arising out of harm to individuals or property allegedly caused by derailments or other accidents.

Canada

Employee injuries are governed by the workers compensation legislation in each province whereby employees may be awarded either a lump sum or future stream of payments depending on the nature and severity of the injury. Accordingly, the Company accounts for costs related to employee work-related injuries based on actuarially developed estimates of the ultimate cost associated with such injuries, including compensation, health care and third-party administration costs. For all other legal actions, the Company maintains, and regularly updates on a case-by-case basis, provisions for such items when the expected loss is both probable and can be reasonably estimated based on currently available information.

At December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Companys provision for personal injury and other claims in Canada was as follows:

In millions
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Balance January 1
  $ 196     $ 195     $ 205  
Accruals and other
    42       41       60  
Payments
    (49 )     (40 )     (70 )
Balance December 31
  $ 189     $ 196     $ 195  

Assumptions used in estimating the ultimate costs for Canadian employee injury claims consider, among others, the discount rate, the rate of inflation, wage increases and health care costs. The Company periodically reviews its assumptions to reflect currently available information. Over the past three years, the Company has not significantly changed any of these assumptions.

For all other legal claims in Canada, estimates are based on the specifics of the case, trends and judgment.

United States

Employee work-related injuries, including occupational disease claims, are compensated according to the provisions of the Federal Employers Liability Act (FELA), which requires either the finding of fault through the U.S. jury system or individual settlements, and represent a major liability for the railroad industry. The Company follows an actuarial-based approach and accrues the expected cost for personal injury and property damage claims and asserted and unasserted occupational disease claims, based on actuarial estimates of their ultimate cost.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
48

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis
 
 
 
In 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company recorded net reductions to its provision for U.S. personal injury and other claims pursuant to the results of external actuarial studies of $28 million, $97 million and $62 million, respectively. The reductions were mainly attributable to decreases in the Companys estimates of unasserted claims and costs related to asserted claims as a result of its ongoing risk mitigation strategy focused on prevention, mitigation of claims and containment of injuries, lower settlements for existing claims and reduced severity relating to non-occupational disease claims.
 
Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in projecting future events related to occupational diseases, which include but are not limited to, the number of expected claims, the average cost per claim and the legislative and judicial environment, the Companys future obligations may differ from current amounts recorded.
 
At December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Companys provision for U.S. personal injury and other claims was as follows:
 
In millions
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Balance January 1
  $ 250     $ 407     $ 452  
Accruals and other
    57       (111 )     (8 )
Payments
    (42 )     (46 )     (37 )
Balance December 31
  $ 265     $ 250     $ 407  
 
 
For the U.S. personal injury and other claims liability, historical claim data is used to formulate assumptions relating to the expected number of claims and average cost per claim (severity) for each year. Changes in any one of these assumptions could affect the personal injury and other claims liability and the casualty and other expense as reported in the Company’s results of operations. For example, a 5% change in the asbestos average claim values or a 0.5% change in the inflation trend rate would result in an approximate $5 million increase or decrease in the liability recorded for unasserted asbestos claims. Additional disclo­sures are provided in Note 17 – Major commitments and contingencies, to the Company’s Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
Environmental claims
 
Known existing environmental concerns
 
The Company has identified approximately 345 sites at which it is or may be liable for remediation costs, in some cases along with other potentially responsible parties, including those imposed by the United States Federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), also known as the Superfund law. CERCLA and similar state laws generally impose joint and several liability for clean-up and enforcement costs on current and former owners and operators of a site, as well as to those whose waste is disposed of at the site, without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct. The Company has been notified that it is a potentially responsible party for study and clean-up costs at approximately 10 sites governed by the Superfund law for which investigation and remediation payments are or will be made or are yet to be determined and, in many instances, is one of several potentially responsible parties.
 
The ultimate cost of addressing these known contaminated sites cannot be definitely established given that the environmental liability for any given site may vary depending on the nature and extent of the contamination, the available clean-up techniques, the Company’s share of the costs and evolving regulatory standards governing environmental liability. As a result, liabilities are recorded based on the results of a four-phase assessment conducted on a site-by-site basis. Cost scenarios established by external consultants based on the extent of contamina­tion and expected costs for remedial efforts are used by the Company to estimate the costs related to a particular site. Provisions related to specific environmental sites are recorded when environmental assessments occur and/or remedial efforts are probable, and when costs, based on a specific plan of action in terms of the technology to be used and the extent of the corrective action required, can be reasonably estimated. As a result, it is not practical to quantitatively describe the effects of changes to these many assumptions and judgments. However, the Company consistently applies its methodology of estimating its environmental liabilities and records adjustments to initial estimates as additional information becomes available.
 
The Company’s provision for specific environmental sites is undis­counted, is recorded net of potential and actual insurance recoveries, and includes costs for remediation and restoration of sites, as well as significant monitoring costs. Environmental accruals, which are classified as Casualty and other in the Consolidated Statement of Income, include amounts for newly identified sites or contaminants as well as adjustments to initial estimates. In 2005, the Company had incurred a liability related to a derailment at Wabamun Lake, Alberta. Over the last three years, this liability was adjusted for additional environmental and legal claims and reduced by payments made pursuant to the clean-up per­formed. At December 31, 2008, the majority of the clean-up work has been completed and the remaining costs are expected to be minimal. At December 31, 2008, the Company has an amount receivable for the remaining estimated recoveries from the Company’s insurance carriers who covered substantially all expenses related to the derailment above the self-insured retention of $25 million, which was recorded in operat­ing expenses in 2005.
 
At December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company’s provision for specific environmental sites was as follows:
 
In millions
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Balance January 1
  $ 111     $ 131     $ 124  
Accruals and other
    29       (1 )     17  
Payments
    (15 )     (19 )     (10 )
Balance December 31
  $ 125     $ 111     $ 131  
 
The Company anticipates that the majority of the liability at December 31, 2008 will be paid out over the next five years. However, some costs may be paid out over a longer period. No individual site is deemed to be material. Based on the information currently available, the Company considers its provisions to be adequate.
 
At December 31, 2008, most of the Company’s properties not acquired through recent acquisitions have reached the final assessment stage and therefore costs related to such sites have been anticipated. The final assessment stage can span multiple years. For properties acquired through recent acquisitions, the Company obtains assessments from both external and internal consultants and a liability has been or will be accrued based on such assessments.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
49

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis



Unknown existing environmental concerns
 
While the Company believes that it has identified the costs likely to be incurred for environmental matters in the next several years, based on known information, newly discovered facts, changes in law, the possibility of spills and releases of hazardous materials into the environment and the Companys ongoing efforts to identify potential environmental liabilities that may be associated with its properties may result in the identification of additional environmental liabilities and related costs. The magnitude of such additional liabilities and the costs of complying with future environmental laws and containing or remediating contamination cannot be reasonably estimated due to many factors, including:

(i)  
the lack of specific technical information available with respect to many sites;
 
(ii)  
the absence of any government authority, third-party orders, or claims with respect to particular sites;

(iii)  
the potential for new or changed laws and regulations and for development of new remediation technologies and uncertainty regarding the timing of the work with respect to particular sites;

(iv)  
the ability to recover costs from any third parties with respect to particular sites; and

therefore, the likelihood of any such costs being incurred or whether such costs would be material to the Company cannot be determined at this time. There can thus be no assurance that liabilities or costs related to environmental matters will not be incurred in the future, or will not have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial position or results of operations in a particular quarter or fiscal year, or that the Companys liquidity will not be adversely impacted by such liabilities or costs, although management believes, based on current information, that the costs to address environmental matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial condition or liquidity. Costs related to any unknown existing or future contamination will be accrued in the period in which they become probable and reasonably estimable.

Future occurrences

In railroad and related transportation operations, it is possible that derailments or other accidents, including spills and releases of hazardous materials, may occur that could cause harm to human health or to the environment. As a result, the Company may incur costs in the future, which may be material, to address any such harm, compliance with laws and other risks, including costs relating to the performance of clean-ups, payment of environmental penalties and remediation obligations, and damages relating to harm to individuals or property.

Regulatory compliance

The Company may incur significant capital and operating costs associated with environmental regulatory compliance and clean-up requirements, in its railroad operations and relating to its past and present ownership, operation or control of real property. Environmental expenditures that relate to current operations are expensed unless they relate to an improvement to the property. Expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations and which are not expected to contribute to current or future operations are expensed. Operating expenses amounted to $10 million in 2008 ($10 million in 2007 and $10 million in 2006). In addition, based on the results of its operations and maintenance programs, as well as ongoing environmental audits and other factors, the Company plans for specific capital improvements on an annual basis. Certain of these improvements help ensure facilities, such as fuelling stations and waste water and storm water treatment systems, comply with environmental standards and include new construction and the updating of existing systems and/or processes. Other capital expenditures relate to assessing and remediating certain impaired properties. The Companys environmental capital expenditures amounted to $9 million in 2008, $14 million in 2007 and $18 million in 2006. The Company expects to incur capital expenditures relating to environmental matters of approximately $17 million in 2009, $14 million in 2010 and $13 million in 2011.

Depreciation

Railroad properties are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation including asset impairment write-downs. The Company follows the group method of depreciation for railroad properties and, as such, depreciates the cost of railroad properties, less net salvage value, on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. In addition, under the group method of depreciation, the cost of railroad properties, less net salvage value, retired or disposed of in the normal course of business, is charged to accumulated depreciation.

Assessing the reasonableness of the estimated useful lives of properties requires judgment and is based on currently available information, including periodic depreciation studies conducted by the Company. The Companys U.S. properties are subject to comprehensive depreciation studies as required by the STB. Depreciation studies for Canadian properties are not required by regulation and are therefore conducted internally. Studies are performed on specific asset groups on a periodic basis.

The studies consider, among others, the analysis of historical retirement data using recognized life analysis techniques, and the forecasting of asset life characteristics. Changes in circumstances, such as technological advances, changes to the Companys business strategy, changes in the Companys capital strategy or changes in regulations can result in the actual useful lives differing from the Companys estimates.

A change in the remaining useful life of a group of assets, or their estimated net salvage value, will affect the depreciation rate used to amortize the group of assets and thus affect depreciation expense as reported in the Companys results of operations. A change of one year in the composite useful life of the Companys fixed asset base would impact annual depreciation expense by approximately $16 million.

Depreciation studies are a means of ensuring that the assumptions used to estimate the useful lives of particular asset groups are still valid and where they are not, they serve as the basis to establish the new depreciation rates to be used on a prospective basis. In 2008, the Company completed a depreciation study of its Canadian properties, plant and equipment, resulting in an increase in depreciation expense of $20 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. In 2007, the Company completed a depreciation study for all of its U.S. assets, for which there was no significant impact on depreciation expense.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
50

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis


In 2008, the Company recorded total depreciation expense of $723 million ($676 million in 2007 and $651 million in 2006). At December 31, 2008, the Company had Properties of $23,203 million, net of accumulated depreciation of $9,303 million ($20,413 million in 2007, net of accumulated depreciation of $8,910 million). Additional disclosures are provided in Note 1 Summary of significant accounting policies, to the Companys Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.

Pensions and other postretirement benefits

In 2008, the Companys plans have a measurement date of December 31. The Companys pension asset, pension liability and accrual for postretirement benefits liability at December 31, 2008, were $1,522 million, $237 million and $260 million, respectively ($1,768 million, $187 million and $266 million at December 31, 2007, respectively). The descriptions in the following paragraphs pertaining to pensions relate generally to the Companys main pension plan, the CN Pension Plan (the Plan), unless otherwise specified.

Calculation of net periodic benefit cost (income)

The Company accounts for net periodic benefit cost for pensions and other postretirement benefits as required by SFAS No. 87, “Employers Accounting for Pensions,” and SFAS No. 106, “Employers Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions,” respectively. Under these standards, assumptions are made regarding the valuation of benefit obligations and performance of plan assets. In the calculation of net periodic benefit cost, these standards allow for a gradual recognition of changes in benefit obligations and fund performance over the expected average remaining service life of the employee group covered by the plans.

In accounting for pensions and other postretirement benefits, assumptions are required for, among others, the discount rate, the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, the rate of compensation increase, health care cost trend rates, mortality rates, employee early retirements, terminations and disability. Changes in these assumptions result in actuarial gains or losses, which will be recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss). In accordance with SFAS No. 87 and SFAS No. 106, the Company has elected to amortize these gains or losses into net periodic benefit cost over the expected average remaining service life of the employee group covered by the plans only to the extent that the unrecognized net actuarial gains and losses are in excess of the corridor threshold, which is calculated as 10% of the greater of the beginning-of-year balances of the projected benefit obligation or market-related value of plan assets. The Companys net periodic benefit cost for future periods is dependent on demographic experience, economic conditions and investment performance. Recent demographic experience has revealed no material net gains or losses on termination, retirement, disability and mortality. Experience with respect to economic conditions and investment performance is further discussed herein.

The Company recorded consolidated net periodic benefit cost (income) for pensions of $(48) million, $29 million and $66 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Consolidated net periodic benefit cost for other postretirement benefits was $12 million, $14 million and $17 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

At December 31, 2008, and 2007, the pension benefit obligation, accumulated postretirement benefit obligation and other postretirement benefits liability were as follows:

In millions
December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
 
Pension benefit obligation
    $ 12,326     $ 14,419  
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation
    $ 260     $ 266  
Other postretirement benefits liability
    $ 260     $ 266  

 
Discount rate assumption

The Companys discount rate assumption, which is set annually at the end of each year, is used to determine the projected benefit obligation at the end of the year and the net periodic benefit cost for the following year. The discount rate is used to measure the single amount that, if invested at the measurement date in a portfolio of high-quality debt instruments with a rating of AA or better, would provide the necessary cash flows to pay for pension benefits as they become due. The discount rate is determined by management with the aid of third-party actuaries. The Companys methodology for determining the discount rate is based on a zero-coupon bond yield curve, which is derived from a semi-annual bond yield curve provided by a third party. The portfolio of hypothetical zero-coupon bonds is expected to generate cash flows that match the estimated future benefit payments of the plans as the bond rate for each maturity year is applied to the plans corresponding expected benefit payments of that year. A discount rate of 7.42%, based on bond yields prevailing at December 31, 2008 (5.53% at December 31, 2007), was considered appropriate by the Company to match the approximately 10-year average duration of estimated future benefit payments. The current estimate for the expected average remaining service life of the employee group covered by the plans is approximately nine years.

For the year ended December 31, 2008, a one-percentage-point decrease in the 5.53% discount rate used to determine net periodic benefit cost at January 1, 2008, would have resulted in an increase of approximately $110 million in net periodic benefit cost, whereas a one-percentage-point increase would have resulted in a decrease of approximately $5 million, given that the Company amortizes net actuarial gains and losses over the expected average remaining service life of the employee group covered by the plans, only to the extent they are in excess of the corridor threshold.

Expected long-term rate of return assumption

To develop its expected long-term rate of return assumption used in the calculation of net periodic benefit cost applicable to the market-related value of assets, the Company considers both its past experience and future estimates of long-term investment returns, the expected composition of the plans assets, as well as the expected long-term market returns in the future. For 2008, the Company used a long-term rate of return assumption of 8.00% on the market-related value of plan assets to compute net periodic benefit cost. However, given the recent performance of its plan assets and the equity markets in North America, the Company will, effective for 2009, reduce the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets from 8.00% to 7.75% to reflect managements current view of long-term investment returns. The Company has elected

 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
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Managements Discussion and Analysis



to use a market-related value of assets, whereby realized and unrealized gains/losses and appreciation/depreciation in the value of the investments are recognized over a period of five years, while investment income is recognized immediately. If the Company had elected to use the market value of assets, which at December 31, 2008, is below the market-related value of Plan assets by $650 million, net periodic benefit cost would increase by approximately $49 million for 2008, assuming all other assumptions remained constant. The Company follows a disciplined investment strategy, which limits concentration of investments by asset class, foreign currency, sector or company. The Investment Committee of the Board of Directors has approved an investment policy that establishes long-term asset mix targets based on a review of historical returns achieved by worldwide investment markets. Investment managers may deviate from these targets but their performance is evaluated in relation to the market performance of the target mix. The Company does not anticipate the long-term return on plan assets to fluctuate materially from related capital market indices. The Investment Committee reviews investments regularly with specific approval required for major investments in illiquid securities. The policy also permits the use of derivative financial instruments to implement asset mix decisions or to hedge existing or anticipated exposures. The Plan does not invest in the securities of the Company or its subsidiaries. During the last 10 years ended December 31, 2008, the Plan earned an annual average rate of return of 7.07%.

The actual, market-related value, and expected rates of return on plan assets for the last five years were as follows:

Rates of return
 
2008  
 
2007
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
Actual
    (11.0 %)     8.0 %     10.7 %     20.5 %     11.7 %
Market-related value
    7.8 %     12.7 %     11.4 %     8.6 %     6.3 %
Expected
    8.0 %     8.0 %     8.0 %     8.0 %     8.0 %

The Companys expected long-term rate of return on plan assets reflects managements view of long-term investment returns and the effect of a 1% variation in such rate of return would result in a change to the net periodic benefit cost of approximately $70 million. Managements assumption of the expected long-term rate of return is subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause the actual rate of return to differ materially from managements assumption. There can thus be no assurance that the plan assets will be able to earn the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets.

Net periodic benefit cost (income) for pensions for 2009

In 2009, the Company expects its net periodic benefit income to decrease by approximately $20 million. This additional expense is mainly due to an increase in the discount rate used, from 5.53% to 7.42%, and a decrease in the expected long-term rate of return assumption, from 8.00% to 7.75%, which are partially offset by the impact of a year-over-year increase in the market-related value of plan assets and the benefit resulting from the end of the amortization period for prior service cost.

Plan asset allocation

Based on the fair value of the assets held as at December 31, 2008, the Plan assets are comprised of 41% in Canadian and foreign equities, 39% in debt securities, 2% in real estate assets and 18% in other assets. The long-term asset allocation percentages are not expected to differ materially from the current composition.

A significant portion of the plan assets is invested in publicly traded equity securities whose return is primarily driven by stock market performance. Debt securities also account for a significant portion of the plan investments and provide a partial offset to the variation in the pension benefit obligation that is driven by changes in the discount rate. The funded status of the plan fluctuates with market conditions and impacts funding requirements. The Company will continue to make contributions to the pension plans that as a minimum meet pension legislative requirements.

Rate of compensation increase and health care cost trend rate

The rate of compensation increase is determined by the Company based on its long-term plans for such increases. For 2008, a rate of compensation increase of 3.5% was used to determine the benefit obligation and the net periodic benefit cost.

For postretirement benefits other than pensions, the Company reviews external data and its own historical trends for health care costs to determine the health care cost trend rates. For measurement purposes, the projected health care cost trend rate for prescription drugs was assumed to be 12% in 2008, and it is assumed that the rate will decrease gradually to 4.5% in 2028 and remain at that level thereafter. For the year ended December 31, 2008, a one-percentage-point change in either the rate of compensation increase or the health care cost trend rate would not cause a material change to the Companys net periodic benefit cost for both pensions and other postretirement benefits.

Funding of pension plans

For pension funding purposes, an actuarial valuation is required at least on a triennial basis. The latest actuarial valuation of the CN Pension Plan was conducted as at December 31, 2007, and indicated a funding excess. Total contributions for all of the Companys pension plans are expected to be approximately $130 million in 2009 and 2010 based on the plans current position. Adverse changes to the assumptions discussed herein, particularly the discount rate and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, could affect the funded status of the Companys pension plans and, as such, could have a significant impact on the cash funding requirements of the pension plans.

 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
52

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis



Information disclosed by major pension plan

The following table provides the Companys plan assets by category, benefit obligation at end of year, and Company and employee contributions by major pension plan:

     
CN
   
BC Rail Ltd
   
U.S. and
       
In millions
December 31, 2008
 
Pension Plan
   
Pension Plan
   
other plans
   
Total
 
Plan assets by category
                         
Equity securities
    $ 5,311     $ 189     $ 78     $ 5,578  
Debt securities
      5,051       218       77       5,346  
Real estate
      264       10       1       275  
Other
      2,314       84       14       2,412  
Total
    $ 12,940     $ 501     $ 170     $ 13,611  
Benefit obligation at end of year
    $ 11,515     $ 425     $ 386     $ 12,326  
Company contributions in 2008
    $ 112     $     $ 15     $ 127  
Employee contributions in 2008
    $ 52     $     $     $ 52  

Additional disclosures are provided in Note 12  Pensions and other postretirement benefits, to the Companys Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.

Income taxes

The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the asset and liability method, the change in the net deferred income tax asset or liability is included in the computation of net income. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. As a result, a projection of taxable income is required for those years, as well as an assumption of the ultimate recovery/settlement period for temporary differences. The projection of future taxable income is based on managements best estimate and may vary from actual taxable income. On an annual basis, the Company assesses its need to establish a valuation allowance for its deferred income tax assets, and if it is deemed more likely than not that its deferred income tax assets will not be realized based on its taxable income projections, a valuation allowance is recorded. As at December 31, 2008, the Company expects that the large majority of its deferred income tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income. In addition, Canadian and U.S. tax rules and regulations are subject to interpretation and require judgment by the Company that may be challenged by the taxation authorities upon audit of the filed income tax returns. In Canada, the federal income tax returns filed for the years 2004 to 2007 and the provincial income tax returns filed for the years 2003 to 2007 remain subject to examination by the taxation authorities. In the U.S., the income tax returns filed for the years 2004 to 2007 remain subject to examination by the taxation authorities. The Company believes that its provisions for income taxes at December 31, 2008 are adequate pertaining to any future assessments from the taxation authorities. The Companys deferred income tax assets are mainly composed of temporary differences related to accruals for workforce reductions, personal injury and other reserves, environmental and other postretirement benefits, and losses and tax credit carryforwards. The majority of these accruals will be paid out over the next five years. The Companys deferred income tax liabilities are mainly composed of temporary differences related to properties and the net pension asset. The reversal of temporary differences is expected at future-enacted income tax rates which could change due to fiscal budget changes and/or changes in income tax laws. As a result, a change in the timing and/or the income tax rate at which the components will reverse, could materially affect deferred income tax expense as recorded in the Companys results of operations. A one-percentage-point change in the Companys reported effective income tax rate would have the effect of changing the income tax expense by $25 million in 2008.

From time to time, the federal, provincial, and state governments enact new corporate income tax rates resulting in either lower or higher tax liabilities. Such enactments occurred in each of 2008, 2007 and 2006 and resulted in a deferred income tax recovery of $23 million, $317 million and $228 million, respectively, with corresponding adjustments to the Companys net deferred income tax liability.

For the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company recorded total income tax expense of $650 million ($548 million in 2007 and $642 million in 2006), of which $230 million was a deferred income tax expense and included a deferred income tax recovery of $117 million. Of this amount, $83 million resulted from the resolution of various income tax matters and adjustments related to tax filings of previous years; $23 million from the enactment of corporate income tax rate changes in Canada; and $11 million from net capital losses arising from the reorganization of a subsidiary. In 2007, $82 million of the reported income tax expense was a deferred income tax recovery, and $328 million resulted mainly from the enactment of corporate income tax rate changes in Canada. In 2006, $3 million of the reported income tax expense was for deferred income taxes, and included a deferred income tax recovery of $277 million that resulted from the enactment of lower corporate income tax rates in Canada and the resolution of matters pertaining to prior years income taxes. The Companys net deferred income tax liability at December 31, 2008 was $5,413 million ($4,840 million at December 31, 2007). Additional disclosures are provided in Note 14 Income taxes, to the Companys Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
53

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis



Forward-looking statements

Certain information included in this MD&A may be “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and under Canadian securities laws. CN cautions that, by their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions and implicit in these statements, particularly in respect of long-term growth opportunities, is the Companys assumption that such growth opportunities are less affected by the current situation in the North American and global economies. The assumptions used by the Company to prepare its forward-looking statements, although considered reasonable by the Company at the time of preparation, may not materialize. Such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results or performance of the Company or the rail industry to be materially different from the outlook or any future results or performance implied by such statements. Such factors include the specific risks set forth below as well as other risks detailed from time to time in reports filed by the Company with securities regulators in Canada and the United States. Moreover, the current situation in financial markets is adding a substantial amount of risk to the North American economy, which is already in a recession, and to the global economy, which is significantly slowing down.

 
Business risks

In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to various business risks and uncertainties that can have an effect on the Companys results of operations, financial position, or liquidity. While some exposures may be reduced by the Companys risk mitigation strategies, many risks are driven by external factors beyond the Companys control or are of a nature which cannot be eliminated. The following is a discussion of key areas of business risks and uncertainties.

Competition

The Company faces significant competition from rail carriers and other modes of transportation, and is also affected by its customers flexibility to select among various origins and destinations, including ports, in getting their products to market. Specifically, the Company faces competition from Canadian Pacific Railway Company (CP), which operates the other major rail system in Canada and services most of the same industrial areas, commodity resources and population centers as the Company; major U.S. railroads and other Canadian and U.S. railroads; long-distance trucking companies, and transportation via the St. Lawrence-Great Lakes Seaway and the Mississippi River. Competition is generally based on the quality and the reliability of the service provided, access to markets, as well as price. Factors affecting the competitive position of customers, including exchange rates and energy cost, could materially adversely affect the demand for goods supplied by the sources served by the Company and, therefore, the Companys volumes, revenues and profit margins. Factors affecting the general market conditions for our customers, including a prolonged downturn in the North American and global economies, could result in an over-supply of transportation capacity relative to demand. An extended period of supply/demand imbalance could negatively impact market rate levels for all transportation services, and more specifically the Companys ability to increase rates. This, in turn, could materially and adversely affect the Companys business, results of operations or financial position.

The significant consolidation of rail systems in the United States has resulted in larger rail systems that are able to offer seamless services in larger market areas and accordingly, compete effectively with the Company in numerous markets. This consolidation requires the Company to consider arrangements or other initiatives that would similarly enhance its own service.

There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to compete effectively against current and future competitors in the transportation industry and that further consolidation within the transportation industry will not adversely affect the Companys competitive position. No assurance can be given that competitive pressures will not lead to reduced revenues, profit margins or both.

Environmental matters

The Companys operations are subject to numerous federal, provincial, state, municipal and local environmental laws and regulations in Canada and the United States concerning, among other things, emissions into the air; discharges into waters; the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste, hazardous substances and other materials; decommissioning of underground and above-ground storage tanks; and soil and groundwater contamination. A risk of environmental liability is inherent in railroad and related transportation operations; real estate ownership, operation or control; and other commercial activities of the Company with respect to both current and past operations. As a result, the Company incurs significant compliance and capital costs, on an ongoing basis, associated with environmental regulatory compliance and clean-up requirements in its railroad operations and relating to its past and present ownership, operation or control of real property.

While the Company believes that it has identified the compliance and capital costs likely to be incurred in the next several years, newly discovered facts, changes in law, the possibility of future spills and releases of hazardous materials into the environment and the Companys ongoing efforts to identify potential environmental liabilities that may be associated with its properties, may result in additional environmental liabilities and related costs.

In railroad and related transportation operations, it is possible that derailments or other accidents, including spills and releases of hazardous materials, may occur that could cause harm to human health or to the environment. In addition, the Company is also exposed to potential catastrophic liability risk, faced by the railroad industry generally, in connection with the transportation of toxic-by-inhalation hazardous materials such as chlorine and anhydrous ammonia, commodities that the Company may be required to transport to the extent of its common carrier obligations. As a result, the Company may incur costs in the future, which may be material, to address any such harm, compliance with laws or other risks, including costs relating to the performance of clean-ups, payment of environmental penalties and remediation obligations, and damages relating to harm to individuals or property.

 
U.S. GAAP
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Managements Discussion and Analysis



The environmental liability for any given contaminated site varies depending on the nature and extent of the contamination, the available clean-up techniques, the Companys share of the costs and evolving regulatory standards. As such, the ultimate cost of addressing known contaminated sites cannot be definitively established. Also, additional contaminated sites yet unknown may be discovered or future operations may result in accidental releases.

While some exposures may be reduced by the Companys risk mitigation strategies (including periodic audits, employee training programs and emergency plans and procedures), many environmental risks are driven by external factors beyond the Companys control or are of a nature which cannot be completely eliminated. Therefore, there can be no assurance, notwithstanding the Companys mitigation strategies, that liabilities or costs related to environmental matters will not be incurred in the future or that environmental matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Companys results of operations, financial position or liquidity, in a particular quarter or fiscal year.

Personal injury and other claims

The Company becomes involved, from time to time, in various legal actions seeking compensatory, and occasionally punitive damages, including actions brought on behalf of various purported classes of claimants and claims relating to personal injuries, occupational disease, and property damage, arising out of harm to individuals or property allegedly caused by derailments or other accidents. The Company maintains provisions for such items, which it considers to be adequate for all of its outstanding or pending claims. The final outcome with respect to actions outstanding or pending at December 31, 2008, or with respect to future claims, cannot be predicted with certainty, and therefore there can be no assurance that their resolution will not have a material adverse effect on the Companys results of operations, financial position or liquidity, in a particular quarter or fiscal year.

Labor negotiations

Canadian workforce

As at December 31, 2008, CN employed a total of 15,667 employees in Canada, of which 12,058 were unionized employees.

The collective agreements for CNs Northern Quebec Territory short line, which cover approximately 200 employees, expired on December 15, 2007. Negotiations are ongoing to renew these collective agreements, and neither party has requested conciliation assistance. The agreement remains in effect until the bargaining process has been exhausted. The Teamsters Canada Rail Conference (TCRC) was recently successful with an application to replace the United Transportation Union (UTU) as the certified bargaining agent for the conductors working on the Northern Quebec Territory short-line.

The collective agreement covering approximately 100 employees working on the Mackenzie Northern Railway expired on May 2, 2008. These employees are covered by a single collective agreement but are represented by the TCRC-Engineers, TCRC-CTY, the Canadian Auto Workers and the TCRC-Maintenance of Way Division. Negotiations, which commenced in June 2008, are ongoing and neither party has requested conciliation assistance. The agreement remains in effect until the bargaining process has been exhausted.

On November 14, 2008, the TCRC gave the Company notice that it was reopening collective agreements imposed by virtue of federal back-to-work legislation to resolve the dispute between the UTU and CN in 2007. The Companys view is that these agreements were made binding on the UTU and any other trade union certified by the Canada Industrial Relations Board (CIRB) to represent the employees, including the TCRC, until they expire on July 22, 2010. In January 2009, the TCRC filed a complaint with the CIRB challenging the Companys position. The collective agreements between CN and the TCRC, which represent approximately 1,500 locomotive engineers in one bargaining unit, and approximately 200 rail traffic controllers (also known as train dispatchers) in a separate bargaining unit, expired on December 31, 2008. In January 2009, the TCRC advised the Company that it would request a consolidation of the bargaining units for which they hold a certificate (conductors, locomotive engineers and train dispatchers) and that pending determination by the CIRB; were seeking to put negotiations in abeyance. Neither party has requested conciliation assistance. Until the parties exhaust the conciliation timelines specified in the Canada Labour Code, no legal strike or lock out can occur.

Four collective agreements covering approximately 75 employees represented by the TCRC and the TCRC-Maintenance of Way Division at the recently acquired Chemin de fer de la Matapedia et du Golfe, Ottawa Central Railway and New Brunswick East Coast Railway are currently expired. Negotiations are ongoing to renew these collective agreements and are at various stages. The collective agreements remain in effect until the bargaining process has been exhausted.

There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to renew and have its collective agreements ratified without any strikes or lockouts or that the resolution of these collective bargaining negotiations will not have a material adverse effect on the Companys results of operations or financial position.

U.S. workforce

As at December 31, 2008, CN employed a total of 6,560 employees in the United States, of which 5,527 were unionized employees.
 
As of February 2009, the Company had in place agreements with bargaining units representing the entire unionized workforce at Grand Trunk Western Railroad Company (GTW); Duluth, Winnipeg and Pacific Railway Company (DWP); ICRR; companies owned by CCP Holdings, Inc. (CCP); Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range Railway Company (DMIR); Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad Company (BLE); The Pittsburgh and Conneaut Dock Company (PCD); and all but one of the unions at companies owned by Wisconsin Central Transportation Corporation (WC). The WC dispatchers became represented in May 2008 and are currently in the process of negotiating their first agreement. Agreements in place have various moratorium provisions, ranging from 2004 to 2011, which preserve the status quo in respect of given areas during the terms of such moratoriums. Several of these agreements are currently under renegotiation.

The general approach to labor negotiations by U.S. Class I railroads is to bargain on a collective national basis. GTW, DWP, ICRR, CCP, WC, DMIR, BLE and PCD have bargained on a local basis rather than holding national, industry-wide negotiations because they believe it results in
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
55

 
 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis



agreements that better address both the employees concerns and preferences, and the railways actual operating environment. However, local negotiations may not generate federal intervention in a strike or lockout situation, since a dispute may be localized. The Company believes the potential mutual benefits of local bargaining outweigh the risks.

Negotiations are ongoing with the bargaining units with which the Company does not have agreements or settlements. Until new agreements are reached or the processes of the Railway Labor Act have been exhausted, the terms and conditions of existing agreements generally continue to apply.

There can be no assurance that there will not be any work action by any of the bargaining units with which the Company is currently in negotiations or that the resolution of these negotiations will not have a material adverse effect on the Companys results of operations or financial position.

Regulation

The Companys rail operations in Canada are subject to (i) economic regulation by the Canadian Transportation Agency (the Agency) under the Canada Transportation Act (the CTA), and (ii) safety regulation by the federal Minister of Transport under the Railway Safety Act and certain other statutes. The Companys U.S. rail operations are subject to (i) economic regulation by the STB and (ii) safety regulation by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA).

Economic regulation Canada

The following actions have been taken by the federal government:

(i) The Agency adjusted the index used to determine the maximum railway revenue entitlement that railways can earn on the movement of regulated grain produced in western Canada, to reflect costs incurred by CN and CP for the maintenance of hopper cars. The retroactive component of the Agencys decision estimated to be $23 million has been recorded as a reduction of the Companys Canadian grain revenues for the 2007-08 grain crop year. This decision was confirmed by the Federal Court of Appeal in November 2008. The Company has sought leave to appeal this decision to the Supreme Court of Canada.

(ii) Bill C-8, entitled An Act to amend the Canada Transportation Act (railway transportation) became law on February 28, 2008, and extends the availability of the Final Offer Arbitration recourse to groups of shippers and adds new shipper recourse to the Agency in respect of charges for incidental services provided by a railway company other than transportation services.

(iii) On August 12, 2008, Transport Canada announced the Terms of Reference for the Rail Freight Service Review to examine the services offered by CN and CP to Canadian shippers and customers. This review, which will be conducted in two phases, is expected to take up to 18 months to complete. The first phase involves analytical review of data, which is expected to take approximately 12 months. Subsequently, the Minister of Transport will appoint a three-person panel to undertake the second phase of the review, during which it will review the analytical work, meet with stakeholders and prepare a report making recommendations to the Minister of Transport.

No assurance can be given that any current or future legislative action by the federal government or other future government initiatives will not materially adversely affect the Companys results of operations or financial position.

Economic regulation  U.S.

Various business transactions must gain prior regulatory approval, with attendant risks and uncertainties, and the Company is subject to government oversight with respect to rate, service and business practice issues. The STB has completed the following recent proceedings:

(i) A review of the practice of rail carriers, including the Company and the majority of other large railroads operating within the U.S., of assessing a fuel surcharge computed as a percentage of the base rate for service, whereby the STB directed carriers to adjust their fuel surcharge programs on a basis more closely related to the amount of fuel consumed on individual movements. The Company implemented a mileage-based fuel surcharge, effective April 26, 2007, to conform to the STBs decision.

(ii) A review of rate dispute resolution procedures, whereby the STB modified its rate guidelines for handling medium-sized and smaller rate disputes.
 
(iii) A review that changed the methodology for calculating the cost of equity component of the industry cost of capital that is used to determine carrier revenue adequacy and in rate, abandonment and other regulatory proceedings.
 
During 2008, legislation was introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives regarding the STBs authority to review the environmental impacts of “minor” rail mergers that would have applied retroactively to any transaction that had not been approved by the STB by August 1, 2008, including the Companys then proposed acquisition of the EJ&E. This legislation was considered by the full House of Representatives but was not enacted into law.

The U.S. Congress has had under consideration for several years various pieces of legislation that would increase federal economic regulation of the railroad industry, and additional legislation was introduced in 2007 in both Houses of Congress. In addition, the Senate Judiciary Committee approved legislation in September 2007 (S. 772) to repeal the railroad industrys limited antitrust exemptions. The House Judiciary Committee also approved comparable legislation (H.R. 1650).

The Companys ownership of the former Great Lakes Transportation vessels is subject to regulation by the U.S. Coast Guard and the Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration, which regulate the ownership and operation of vessels operating on the Great Lakes and in U.S. coastal waters.

No assurance can be given that these or any future regulatory initiatives by the U.S. federal government will not materially adversely affect the Companys results of operations, or its competitive and financial position.

 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
56

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis



Safety regulation Canada

Rail safety regulation in Canada is the responsibility of Transport Canada, which administers the Canadian Railway Safety Act, as well as the rail portions of other safety-related statutes. The following action has been taken by the federal government:

A full review of the Railway Safety Act was conducted by the Railway Safety Act Review Advisory Panel and the Panels report has been tabled in the House of Commons. The Report includes more than 50 recommendations to improve rail safety in Canada but concludes that the current framework of the Railway Safety Act is sound. The recommendations propose amendments to the act in a number of areas including governance, regulatory framework and proximity issues. The Company will be participating in the Rail Safety Advisory Committee to be created by the Minister of Transport.

Safety regulation U.S.

Rail safety regulation in the U.S. is the responsibility of the FRA, which administers the Federal Railroad Safety Act, as well as the rail portions of other safety statutes. In 2008, the U.S. federal government enacted legislation reauthorizing the Federal Railroad Safety Act. This legislation covers a broad range of safety issues, including fatigue management, positive train control (PTC), grade crossings, bridge safety, and other matters. The legislation requires all Class I railroads and intercity passenger and commuter railroads to implement a PTC system by December 31, 2015 on mainline track where intercity passenger railroads and commuter railroads operate and where toxic-by-inhalation hazardous materials are transported. The Company is currently analyzing the impact of this requirement on its network and taking steps to ensure implementation in accordance with the new law. The legislation also would cap the number of on-duty and limbo time hours for certain rail employees on a monthly basis. The Company is assessing the impact of this requirement on the Companys hourly wage agreements in the U.S. and will take appropriate steps to ensure that its operations conform to the new requirements. In addition to the safety provisions, the legislation authorizes significant funding for Amtrak and includes provisions, including penalties, to improve Amtraks on-time performance on the infrastructure of host freight railroads. The Company is currently evaluating the financial and operational implications of this legislation.

Security

The Company is subject to statutory and regulatory directives in the United States addressing homeland security concerns. In the U.S., safety matters related to security are overseen by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), which is part of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), which, like the FRA, is part of the U.S. Department of Transportation. In Canada, the Company is subject to regulation by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). More specifically, the Company is subject to:

(i) Border security arrangements, pursuant to an agreement the Company and CP entered into with U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and the CBSA.

(ii) The CBPs Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) program and designation as a low-risk carrier under CBSAs Customs Self-Assessment (CSA) program.

(iii) Regulations imposed by the CBP requiring advance notification by all modes of transportation for all shipments into the United States. The CBSA is also working on similar requirements for Canada-bound traffic.

(iv)  Inspection for imported fruits and vegetables grown in Canada and the agricultural quarantine and inspection (AQI) user fee for traffic entering the U.S. from Canada.

The Company has worked with the Association of American Railroads to develop and put in place an extensive industry-wide security plan to address terrorism and security-driven efforts by state and local governments seeking to restrict the routings of certain hazardous materials. If such state and local routing restrictions were to go into force, they would be likely to add to security concerns by foreclosing the Companys most optimal and secure transportation routes, leading to increased yard handling, longer hauls, and the transfer of traffic to lines less suitable for moving hazardous materials, while also infringing upon the exclusive and uniform federal oversight over railroad security matters.

Transportation of hazardous materials

The Company may be required to transport toxic-by-inhalation (TIH) hazardous materials to the extent of its common carrier obligations and, as such, is exposed to additional regulatory oversight.

(i) Beginning in 2009, the PHMSA will require carriers operating in the U.S. to report annually the volume and route-specific data for cars containing these commodities; conduct a safety and security risk analysis for each used route; identify a commercially practicable alternative route for each used route; and select for use the practical route posing the least safety and security risk.

(ii) The TSA has issued regulations that, beginning December 26, 2008, require rail carriers to provide upon request, within five minutes for a single car and 30 minutes for multiple cars, location and shipping information on cars on their networks containing TIH hazardous materials and certain radioactive or explosive materials; and beginning April 1, 2009, ensure the secure, attended transfer of all such cars to and from shippers, receivers and other carriers.

(iii) The PHMSA has issued regulations, effective March 14, 2009, revising standards to enhance the crashworthiness protection of tank cars used to transport TIH hazardous materials and to limiting the operating conditions of such cars.

While the Company will continue to work closely with the CBSA, CBP, and other Canadian and U.S. agencies, as described above, no assurance can be given that these and future decisions by the U.S., Canadian, provincial, state, or local governments on homeland security matters, legislation on security matters enacted by the U.S. Congress, or joint decisions by the industry in response to threats to the North American rail network, will not materially adversely affect the Companys results of operations, or its competitive and financial position.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
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Managements Discussion and Analysis



Other risks

Economic conditions

The Company, like other railroads, is susceptible to changes in the economic conditions of the industries and geographic areas that produce and consume the freight it transports or the supplies it requires to operate. In addition, many of the goods and commodities carried by the Company experience cyclicality in demand. Many of the bulk commodities the Company transports move offshore and are affected more by global rather than North American economic conditions. As such, negative changes in North American and global economic conditions, resulting in a prolonged recession or more severe economic or industrial restructuring that affect the producers and consumers of the commodities carried by the Company, may have a material adverse effect on the volume of rail shipments carried by the Company, and thus negatively affect its results of operations, financial position, or liquidity.

Trade restrictions

Global as well as North American trade conditions, including trade barriers on certain commodities, may interfere with the free circulation of goods across Canada and the United States.

Terrorism and international conflicts

Potential terrorist actions can have a direct or indirect impact on the transportation infrastructure, including railway infrastructure in North America, and interfere with the free flow of goods. International conflicts can also have an impact on the Companys markets.

Customer credit risk

In the normal course of business, the Company monitors the financial condition and credit limits of its customers and reviews the credit history of each new customer. Although the Company believes there are no significant concentrations of credit risk, the current economic conditions have affected the Companys customers and have thus resulted in an increase to the Companys credit risk and exposure to business failures of its customers. To manage its credit risk, the Companys focus is on keeping the average daily sales outstanding within an acceptable range, and working with customers to ensure timely payments, and in certain cases, requiring financial security through letters of credit. A widespread deterioration of customer credit and business failures of customers could have a material adverse affect on the Companys results of operations or financial position.

Pension funding

Overall return in the capital markets and the level of interest rates affect the funded status of the Companys pension plans, as calculated under generally accepted accounting principles, as well as under a solvency or wind-up scenario as calculated under guidance issued by the Canadian Institute of Actuaries (CIA). Adverse changes with respect to pension plan returns and the level of interest rates from the date of the last actuarial valuation may have a material adverse effect on the Companys results of operations and financial position by significantly increasing future pension contributions. The Companys funding requirements, as well as the impact on the results of operations, are determined upon completion of actuarial valuations, which are generally required by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) on a triennial basis or when deemed appropriate. Based on the last actuarial valuation of the CN Pension Plan filed by the Company as at December 31, 2007, the Company expects to make contributions of approximately $130 million in 2009. The OSFI may require the Company to file an actuarial valuation as at December 31, 2008, earlier than planned. If prepared, the actuarial valuation would indicate a funding deficit under a solvency or wind-up scenario as calculated under the guidance issued by the CIA. As a result, the Companys contributions would significantly increase. The CIA allows for any funding deficit to be paid over a number of years and resets the funding requirements at each valuation date. Should the Company be required by OSFI to prepare an actuarial valuation as at December 31, 2008, the Company expects cash from operations and its other sources of financing to be sufficient to meet its funding obligation.

Availability of qualified personnel

The Company, like other railway companies in North America, may experience demographic challenges in the employment levels of its workforce. Changes in employee demographics, training requirements and the availability of qualified personnel could negatively impact the Companys ability to meet demand for rail service. The Company monitors employment levels to ensure that there is an adequate supply of personnel to meet rail service requirements. However, the Companys efforts to attract and retain qualified personnel may be hindered by increased demand in the job market. No assurance can be given that demographic challenges will not materially adversely affect the Companys results of operations or its financial position.

Fuel costs

The Company, like other railroads, is susceptible to the volatility of fuel prices due to changes in the economy or supply disruptions. Rising fuel prices could materially adversely affect the Companys expenses. As such, CN has implemented a fuel surcharge program with a view of offsetting the impact of rising fuel prices. The surcharge applied to customers is determined in the second calendar month prior to the month in which it is applied, and is calculated using the average monthly price of West-Texas Intermediate crude oil (WTI) for revenue-based tariffs and On-Highway Diesel (OHD) for mileage-based tariffs. Increases in fuel prices or supply disruptions may materially adversely affect the Companys results of operations or its financial position.

Foreign exchange

The Company conducts its business in both Canada and the U.S. and as a result, is affected by currency fluctuations. Based on the Companys current operations, the estimated annual impact on net income of a year-over-year one-cent change in the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar is approximately $10 million. Changes in the exchange rate between the Canadian dollar and other currencies (including the U.S. dollar) make the goods transported by the Company more or less competitive in the world marketplace and thereby further affect the Companys revenues and expenses.

 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
58

 
 
Managements Discussion and Analysis



Reliance on technology

The Company relies on information technology in all aspects of its business. While the Company has a disaster recovery plan in place, a significant disruption or failure of its information technology systems could result in service interruptions, safety failures, security violations, regulatory compliance failures and the inability to protect corporate information and assets against intruders or other operational difficulties and, as such, could adversely affect the Companys results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

Transportation network disruptions

Due to the integrated nature of the North American freight transportation infrastructure, the Companys operations may be negatively affected by service disruptions of other transportation links such as ports and other railroads which interchange with the Company. A significant prolonged service disruption of one or more of these entities could have an adverse effect on the Companys results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

Weather and climate change

The Companys success is dependent on its ability to operate its railroad efficiently. Severe weather and natural disasters, such as extreme cold, flooding, drought and hurricanes, can disrupt operations and service for the railroad, including affecting the performance of locomotives and rolling stock, as well as disrupt operations for the Companys customers. Climate change, including the impact of global warming, could increase the frequency of adverse weather events, which can disrupt the Companys operations, damage its infrastructure or properties, or otherwise have a material adverse effect on the Companys results of operations, financial position or liquidity. In addition, although the Company believes that the growing support for climate change legislation is likely to result in changes to the regulatory framework in Canada and the U.S., it is difficult to predict the timing or the specific composition of such changes, and their impacts on the Company at this time. Restrictions, caps, and/or taxes on the emission of greenhouse gasses, including diesel exhaust, could significantly increase the Companys capital and operating costs or affect the markets for, or the volume of, the goods the Company carries.

Freight forwarding

CN WorldWide International, the Companys international freight-forwarding subsidiary, was formed to leverage existing non-rail capabilities. This subsidiary operates in a highly competitive market and no assurance can be given that the expected benefits will be realized given the nature and intensity of the competition in that market.

Depreciation understates current asset replacement cost

Generally accepted accounting principles require the use of historical cost as the basis of reporting in financial statements. As a result, the cumulative effect of inflation, which has significantly increased asset replacement costs for capital-intensive companies such as CN, is not reflected in operating expenses. Depreciation charges on an inflation-adjusted basis, assuming that all operating assets are replaced at current price levels, would be substantially greater than historically reported amounts.


Controls and procedures

The Companys Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of the Companys “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of December 31, 2008, have concluded that the Companys disclosure controls and procedures were adequate and effective to ensure that material information relating to the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries would have been made known to them.

During the fourth quarter ending December 31, 2008, there was no change in the Companys internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Companys internal control over financial reporting.

As of December 31, 2008, management has assessed the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting using the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control Integrated Framework. Based on this assessment, management has determined that the Companys internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2008, and issued Managements Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting dated February 5, 2009 to that effect.

Additional information, including the Companys 2008 Annual Information Form (AIF) and Form 40-F, as well as the Companys Notice of Intention to Make a Normal Course Issuer Bid, may be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on EDGAR at www.sec.gov, respectively. Copies of such documents may be obtained by contacting the Corporate Secretarys office.

Montreal, Canada
February 5, 2009
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
59

 
 
Managements Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting


 
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.

Management has assessed the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008 using the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control Integrated Framework. Based on this assessment, management has determined that the Companys internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2008.

KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an unqualified audit report on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008 and has also expressed an unqualified opinion on the Companys 2008 consolidated financial statements as stated in their Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm dated February 5, 2009.


E. Hunter Harrison
President and Chief Executive Officer

February 5, 2009

Claude Mongeau
Executive Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer

February 5, 2009

 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm



To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of the Canadian National Railway Company

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of the Canadian National Railway Company (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2008. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2008, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Companys internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated February 5, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting.


KPMG LLP*
Chartered Accountants

Montreal, Canada
February 5, 2009

 

* CA Auditor permit no. 23443
 
KPMG LLP is a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International, a Swiss cooperative.
 
KPMG Canada provides services to KPMG LLP.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
60

 
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm



To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of the Canadian National Railway Company

We have audited the Canadian National Railway Companys (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on the criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). The Companys management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Managements Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Companys internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reason­able assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit prepa­ration of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the COSO.

We also have audited, in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-­year period ended December 31, 2008, and our report dated February 5, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.


KPMG LLP*
Chartered Accountants

Montreal, Canada
February 5, 2009




*CA Auditor permit no. 23443
 
KPMG LLP is a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International, a Swiss cooperative.
 
KPMG Canada provides services to KPMG LLP.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
61

 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Income

 
In millions, except per share data
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Revenues
    $ 8,482     $ 7,897     $ 7,929  
Operating expenses
                         
Labor and fringe benefits
      1,674       1,701       1,823  
Purchased services and material
      1,137       1,045       1,027  
Fuel
      1,403       1,026       892  
Depreciation and amortization
      725       677       650  
Equipment rents
      262       247       198  
Casualty and other
      387       325       309  
Total operating expenses
      5,588       5,021       4,899  
Operating income
      2,894       2,876       3,030  
Interest expense
      (375 )     (336 )     (312 )
Other income (Note 13)
      26       166       11  
Income before income taxes
      2,545       2,706       2,729  
Income tax expense (Note 14)
      (650 )     (548 )     (642 )
Net income
    $ 1,895     $ 2,158     $ 2,087  
Earnings per share (Note 16)
                         
Basic
    $
3.99
    $
4.31
    $
3.97
 
Diluted
    $
3.95
    $
4.25
    $
3.91
 
Weighted-average number of shares
                         
Basic
      474.7       501.2       525.9  
Diluted
      480.0       508.0       534.3  




See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 62

 
 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
 
 
In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
                           
Net income
    $ 1,895     $ 2,158     $ 2,087  
                           
Other comprehensive income (loss) (Note 19):
                         
Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) on:
                         
Translation of the net investment in foreign operations
      1,259       (1,004 )     32  
Translation of U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as
                       
a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries
      (1,266 )     788       (33 )
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans (Note 12):
                         
Net actuarial gain (loss) arising during the year
      (452 )     391        
Prior service cost arising during the year
      (3 )     (12 )      
Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain) included in net periodic benefit cost (income)
    (2 )     49        
Amortization of prior service cost included in net periodic benefit cost (income)
    21       21        
Minimum pension liability adjustment
                  1  
Derivative instruments (Note 18)
            (1 )     (57 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes
      (443 )     232       (57 )
Income tax recovery (expense) on Other comprehensive income (loss)
    319       (219 )     (179 )
Other comprehensive income (loss)
      (124 )     13       (236 )
Comprehensive income
    $ 1,771     $ 2,171     $ 1,851  
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 63

 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheet
 

In millions
December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
 
               
Assets
             
               
Current assets
             
Cash and cash equivalents
    $ 413     $ 310  
Accounts receivable (Note 4)
      913       370  
Material and supplies
      200       162  
Deferred income taxes (Note 14)
      98       68  
Other
      132       138  
        1,756       1,048  
Properties (Note 5)
      23,203       20,413  
Intangible and other assets (Note 6)
      1,761       1,999  
Total assets
    $ 26,720     $ 23,460  
                   
Liabilities and shareholders equity
                 
                   
Current liabilities
                 
Accounts payable and other (Note 7)
    $ 1,386     $ 1,336  
Current portion of long-term debt (Note 9)
      506       254  
        1,892       1,590  
Deferred income taxes (Note 14)
      5,511       4,908  
Other liabilities and deferred credits (Note 8)
      1,353       1,422  
Long-term debt (Note 9)
      7,405       5,363  
                   
Shareholders equity
                 
Common shares (Note 10)
      4,179       4,283  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 19)
      (155 )     (31 )
Retained earnings
      6,535       5,925  
        10,559       10,177  
Total liabilities and shareholders equity
    $ 26,720     $ 23,460  
 
 
On behalf of the Board:
 
   
David G.A.McLean
Director
E. Hunter Harrison
Director
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 64

 
 
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders Equity
 


   
Issued and
         
Accumulated
             
   
outstanding
         
other
         
Total
 
   
common
   
Common
   
comprehensive
   
Retained
   
shareholders
 
In millions
 
shares
   
shares
   
loss
   
earnings
   
equity
 
                                         
Balances at December 31, 2005
    536.8     $ 4,580     $ (222 )   $ 4,891     $ 9,249  
Net income
                      2,087       2,087  
Stock options exercised and other (Notes 10, 11)
    5.1       133                   133  
Share repurchase programs (Note 10)
    (29.5 )     (254 )           (1,229 )     (1,483 )
Other comprehensive loss (Note 19)
                (236 )           (236 )
Adjustment to Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 2)
                414             414  
Dividends ($0.65 per share)
                      (340 )     (340 )
Balances at December 31, 2006
    512.4       4,459       (44 )     5,409       9,824  
Adoption of accounting pronouncements (Note 2)
                      95       95  
                                         
Restated balances, beginning of year
    512.4       4,459       (44 )     5,504       9,919  
Net income
                      2,158       2,158  
Stock options exercised and other (Notes 10, 11)
    3.0       89                   89  
Share repurchase programs (Note 10)
    (30.2 )     (265 )           (1,319 )     (1,584 )
Other comprehensive income (Note 19)
                13             13  
Dividends ($0.84 per share)
                      (418 )     (418 )
Balances at December 31, 2007
    485.2       4,283       (31 )     5,925       10,177  
Net income
                      1,895       1,895  
Stock options exercised and other (Notes 10, 11)
    2.4       68                   68  
Share repurchase programs (Note 10)
    (19.4 )     (172 )           (849 )     (1,021 )
Other comprehensive loss (Note 19)
                (124 )           (124 )
Dividends ($0.92 per share)
                      (436 )     (436 )
Balances at December 31, 2008
    468.2     $ 4,179     $ (155 )  
$
6,535
    $ 10,559  


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 65

 
 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

 
In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
                     
Operating activities
                   
Net income
    $ 1,895     $ 2,158     $ 2,087  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided from operating activities:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
      725       678       653  
Deferred income taxes (Note 14)
      230       (82 )     3  
Gain on sale of Central Station Complex (Note 5)
            (92 )      
Gain on sale of investment in English Welsh and Scottish Railway (Note 6)
          (61 )      
Other changes in:
                         
Accounts receivable (Note 4)
      (432 )     229       (17 )
Material and supplies
      (23 )     18       (36 )
Accounts payable and other
      (127 )     (396 )     194  
Other current assets
      37       84       61  
Other
      (274 )     (119 )     6  
Cash provided from operating activities
      2,031       2,417       2,951  
                           
Investing activities
                         
Property additions
      (1,424 )     (1,387 )     (1,298 )
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (Note 3)
      (50 )     (25 )     (84 )
Sale of Central Station Complex (Note 5)
            351        
Sale of investment in English Welsh and Scottish Railway (Note 6)
            114        
Other, net
      74       52       33  
Cash used by investing activities
      (1,400 )     (895 )     (1,349 )
                           
Financing activities
                         
Issuance of long-term debt
      4,433       4,171       3,308  
Reduction of long-term debt
      (3,589 )     (3,589 )     (3,089 )
Issuance of common shares due to exercise of stock options and
                         
related excess tax benefits realized (Note 11)
      54       77       120  
Repurchase of common shares (Note 10)
      (1,021 )     (1,584 )     (1,483 )
Dividends paid
      (436 )     (418 )     (340 )
Cash used by financing activities
      (559 )     (1,343 )     (1,484 )
Effect of foreign exchange fluctuations on U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents
    31       (48 )     (1 )
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
      103       131       117  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
      310       179       62  
Cash and cash equivalents,end of year
    $ 413     $ 310     $ 179  
                           
Supplemental cash flow information
                         
Net cash receipts from customers and other
    $ 8,012     $ 8,139     $ 7,946  
Net cash payments for:
                         
Employee services, suppliers and other expenses
      (4,920 )     (4,323 )     (4,130 )
Interest
      (396 )     (340 )     (294 )
Workforce reductions (Note 8)
      (22 )     (31 )     (45 )
Personal injury and other claims (Note 17)
      (91 )     (86 )     (107 )
Pensions (Note 12)
      (127 )     (75 )     (112 )
Income taxes (Note 14)
      (425 )     (867 )     (307 )
Cash provided from operating activities
    $ 2,031     $ 2,417     $ 2,951  
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 66

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
Canadian National Railway Company, together with its wholly owned subsidiaries, collectively “CN” or “the Company,” is engaged in the rail and related transportation business. CN spans Canada and mid-America, from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans to the Gulf of Mexico, serving the ports of Vancouver, Prince Rupert, B.C., Montreal, Halifax, New Orleans and Mobile, Alabama, and the key cities of Toronto, Buffalo, Chicago, Detroit, Duluth, Minnesota/Superior, Wisconsin, Green Bay, Wisconsin, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Memphis, St. Louis, and Jackson, Mississippi, with connections to all points in North America. CNs freight revenues are derived from the movement of a diversified and balanced portfolio of goods, including petroleum and chemicals, grain and fertilizers, coal, metals and minerals, forest products, intermodal and automotive.
 
1    Summary of significant accounting policies

These consolidated financial statements are expressed in Canadian dollars, except where otherwise indicated, and have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period, the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. On an ongoing basis, management reviews its estimates, including those related to personal injury and other claims, environmental claims, depreciation, pensions and other postretirement benefits, and income taxes, based upon currently available information. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

A. Principles of consolidation

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all subsidiaries. The Companys investments in which it has significant influence are accounted for using the equity method and all other investments are accounted for using the cost method.

B. Revenues

Freight revenues are recognized using the percentage of completed service method based on the transit time of freight as it moves from origin to destination. Costs associated with movements are recognized as the service is performed. Revenues are presented net of taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities.

C. Foreign exchange

All of the Companys United States (U.S.) operations are self-contained foreign entities with the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. Accordingly, the U.S. operations assets and liabilities are translated into Canadian dollars at the rate in effect at the balance sheet date and the revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates during the year. All adjustments resulting from the translation of the foreign operations are recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss) (see Note 19).

The Company designates the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt of the parent company as a foreign exchange hedge of its net investment in U.S. subsidiaries. Accordingly, unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses, from the dates of designation, on the translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt are also included in Other comprehensive income (loss).
 
D. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments purchased three months or less from maturity and are stated at cost, which approximates market value.

E. Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at cost net of billing adjustments and an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on expected collectability and considers historical experience as well as known trends or uncertainties related to account collectability. Any gains or losses on the sale of accounts receivable are calculated by comparing the carrying amount of the accounts receivable sold to the total of the cash proceeds on sale and the fair value of the retained interest in such receivables on the date of transfer. Costs related to the sale of accounts receivable are recognized in earnings in the period incurred.

F. Material and supplies

Material and supplies, which consist mainly of rail, ties, and other items for construction and maintenance of property and equipment, as well as diesel fuel, are valued at weighted-average cost.

G. Properties

Railroad properties are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation including asset impairment write-downs. Labor, materials and other costs associated with the installation of rail, ties, ballast and other track improvements are capitalized to the extent they meet the Companys minimum threshold for capitalization. Major overhauls and large refurbishments are also capitalized when they result in an extension to the useful life or increase the functionality of the asset. Included in property additions are the costs of developing computer software for internal use. Maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

The cost of railroad properties, less net salvage value, retired or disposed of in the normal course of business is charged to accumulated depreciation, in accordance with the group method of depreciation. The Company reviews the carrying amounts of properties held and used whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that such carrying amounts may not be recoverable based on future undiscounted cash flows. Assets that are deemed impaired as a result of such review are recorded at the lower of carrying amount or fair value.

Assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value, less cost to sell. Losses resulting from significant line sales are recognized in income when the asset meets the criteria for classification as held for sale, whereas losses resulting from significant line abandonments are recognized in the statement of income when the asset ceases to be used. Gains are recognized in income when they are realized.
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 67


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
1    Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)
 
H. Depreciation
 
The cost of properties, including those under capital leases, net of asset impairment write-downs, is depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives as follows:

Asset class
Annual rate
Track and roadway
2%
Rolling stock
3%
Buildings
2%
Information technology
15%
Other
7%

The Company follows the group method of depreciation for railroad properties and, as such, conducts comprehensive depreciation studies on a periodic basis to assess the reasonableness of the lives of properties based upon current information and historical activities. Changes in estimated useful lives are accounted for prospectively. In 2008, the Company completed a depreciation study of its Canadian properties, plant and equipment, resulting in an increase in depreciation expense of $20 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. In 2007, the Company completed a depreciation study for all of its U.S. assets, for which there was no significant impact on depreciation expense.

I. Intangible assets

Intangible assets relate to customer contracts and relationships assumed through past acquisitions and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over 40 to 50 years.

J. Pensions

Pension costs are determined using actuarial methods. Net periodic benefit cost is charged to income and includes:

(i)
the cost of pension benefits provided in exchange for employees services rendered during the year;

(ii)
the interest cost of pension obligations;

(iii)
the expected long-term return on pension fund assets;

(iv)
the amortization of prior service costs and amendments over the expected average remaining service life of the employee group covered by the plans; and

(v)
the amortization of cumulative net actuarial gains and losses in excess of 10% of, the greater of the beginning of year balances of the projected benefit obligation or market-related value of plan assets, over the expected average remaining service life of the employee group covered by the plans.

The pension plans are funded through contributions determined in accordance with the projected unit credit actuarial cost method.

K. Postretirement benefits other than pensions

The Company accrues the cost of postretirement benefits other than pensions using actuarial methods. These benefits, which are funded by the Company as they become due, include life insurance programs, medical benefits and free rail travel benefits.

The Company amortizes the cumulative net actuarial gains and losses in excess of 10% of the projected benefit obligation at the beginning of the year, over the expected average remaining service life of the employee group covered by the plans.

L. Personal injury and other claims

In Canada, the Company accounts for costs related to employee work-related injuries based on actuarially developed estimates of the ultimate cost associated with such injuries, including compensation, health care and third-party administration costs.
 
In the U.S., the Company accrues the expected cost for personal injury, property damage and occupational disease claims, based on actuarial estimates of their ultimate cost.
 
For all other legal actions in Canada and the U.S., the Company maintains, and regularly updates on a case-by-case basis, provisions for such items when the expected loss is both probable and can be reasonably estimated based on currently available information.

M. Environmental expenditures

Environmental expenditures that relate to current operations are expensed unless they relate to an improvement to the property. Expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations and which are not expected to contribute to current or future operations are expensed. Environmental liabilities are recorded when environmental assessments occur and/or remedial efforts are probable, and when the costs, based on a specific plan of action in terms of the technology to be used and the extent of the corrective action required, can be reasonably estimated.

N. Income taxes

The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the asset and liability method, the change in the net deferred tax asset or liability is included in the computation of net income. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

O. Derivative financial instruments

The Company uses derivative financial instruments from time to time in the management of its interest rate and foreign currency exposures. Derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value and the changes in fair value are recorded in earnings or Other comprehensive income (loss) depending on the nature and effectiveness of the hedge transaction. Income and expense related to hedged derivative financial instruments are recorded in the same category as that gener- ated by the underlying asset or liability.

P. Stock-based compensation

The Company follows the fair value based approach for stock option awards based on the grant-date fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company expenses the fair value of its stock option awards on a straight-line basis, over the period during which an employee is required to provide service (requisite service period) or until retirement eligibility is attained, whichever is shorter. The Company also follows the fair value based approach for cash settled awards.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 68

 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
Compensation cost for cash settled awards is based on the fair value of the awards at period-end and is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service (requisite service period) or until retirement eligibility is attained, whichever is shorter. See Note 11  Stock plans, for the assumptions used to determine fair value and for other required disclosures.

Q. Recent accounting pronouncements

The Accounting Standards Board of the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants has announced its decision to require all publicly accountable enterprises to report under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for the years beginning on or after January 1, 2011. However, National Instrument 52-107 allows foreign issuers, as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), such as CN, to file with Canadian securities regulators financial statements that are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. As such, the Company has decided not to report under IFRS by 2011 and to continue reporting under U.S. GAAP. In August 2008, the SEC issued a roadmap for the potential convergence to IFRS for U.S. issuers and foreign issuers. The proposal stipulates that the SEC will decide in 2011 whether to move forward with the convergence to IFRS with the transition beginning in 2014. Should the SEC adopt such a proposal, the Company will convert its reporting to IFRS at such time.

In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 141(R), “Business Combinations,” which requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be measured at fair value as of the acquisition date, and that goodwill acquired from a bargain purchase (previously referred to as negative goodwill) be recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income in the period the acquisition occurs. The standard also prescribes disclosure requirements to enable users of financial statements to evaluate and understand the nature and financial effects of the business combination. The standard is effective for business combinations with an acquisition date on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Company will apply SFAS No. 141(R) on a prospective basis, beginning with its acquisition of the Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway Company (EJ&E) in 2009 (see Note 3). As at December 31, 2008, the Company had approximately $40 million of transaction costs recorded in Other current assets related to the acquisition of the EJ&E. Pursuant to the requirements of this standard, such costs will be expensed at the time of acquisition.


2    Accounting changes

2007

Income taxes

On January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FASB Interpretation (FIN) No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” which prescribes the criteria for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This Interpretation also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, disclosure, and transition. The application of FIN No. 48 on January 1, 2007 had the effect of decreasing the net deferred income tax liability and increasing Retained earnings by $98 million. Disclosures prescribed by FIN No. 48 are presented in Note 14 Income taxes.

Pensions and other postretirement benefits

On January 1, 2007, pursuant to SFAS No. 158, “Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R),” the Company early adopted the requirement to measure the defined benefit plan assets and the projected benefit obligation as of the date of the fiscal year-end statement of financial position for its U.S. plans. The Company elected to use the 15-month transition method, which allowed for the extrapolation of net periodic benefit cost based on the September 30, 2006 measurement date to the fiscal year-end date of December 31, 2007. As a result, the Company recorded a reduction of $3 million to Retained earnings at January 1, 2007, which represented the net periodic benefit cost pursuant to the actuarial valuation attributable to the period between the early measurement date of September 30, 2006 and January 1, 2007 (the date of adoption).

2006

Stock-based compensation

On January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment,” which required the expensing of all options issued, modified or settled based on the grant date fair value over the period during which an employee is required to provide service (requisite service period) or until retirement eligibility is attained, whichever is shorter. Compensation cost for cash settled awards is based on the fair value of the awards at period-end and is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service (requisite service period) or until retirement eligibility is attained, whichever is shorter.

The Company adopted SFAS No. 123(R) using the modified prospective approach, which required application of the standard to all awards granted, modified, repurchased or cancelled on or after January 1, 2006, and to all awards for which the requisite service had not been rendered as at such date. Since January 1, 2003, the Company had been following the fair value based approach prescribed by SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” as amended by SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation  Transition and Disclosure,” for stock option awards granted, modified or settled on or after such date, while cash settled awards were measured at their intrinsic value at each reporting period until December 31, 2005. As such, the application of SFAS No. 123(R) on January 1, 2006 to all awards granted prior to its adoption did not have a significant impact on the financial statements. In accordance with the modified prospective approach, prior period financial statements were not restated to reflect the impact of SFAS No. 123(R).

For the year ended December 31, 2006, the application of SFAS No. 123(R) had the effect of increasing stock-based compensation expense and decreasing net income by $16 million and $12 million, respectively, or $0.02 per basic and diluted earnings per share. Disclosures prescribed by SFAS No. 123(R) for the Companys various stock-based compensation plans are presented in Note 11 Stock plans.

 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 69



Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 

2    Accounting changes (continued)

Pension and other postretirement plans

On December 31, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS No. 158, “Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R),” which required the Company to recognize the funded status of its various benefit plans in its Consolidated Balance Sheet. Pursuant to SFAS No. 158, the Company recognizes changes in the funded status in the year in which the changes occur, through Other comprehensive income (loss). The actuarial gains/losses and prior service costs/credits that arise during the period will be recognized as a component of Other comprehensive income (loss). These amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss will be adjusted as they are subsequently recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost. Prior to December 31, 2006, actuarial gains/losses and prior service costs/credits were deferred in their recognition, and amortized into net periodic benefit cost over the expected average remaining service life of the employee group covered by the plans. The adoption of SFAS No. 158 had no impact on years prior to 2006 as retrospective application was not allowed. This standard has no effect on the computation of net periodic benefit cost for pensions and other postretirement benefits. See Note 12 Pensions and other postretirement benefits for the prospective application of SFAS No. 158 to the Companys benefit plans.
 
3    Acquisitions

Acquisition of Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway Company (EJ&E) Subsequent event

In September 2007, the Company and U.S. Steel Corporation (U.S. Steel), the indirect owner of the EJ&E, announced an agreement under which the Company would acquire the principal lines of the EJ&E for a purchase price of approximately U.S.$300 million. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company would acquire substantially all of the railroad assets and equipment of the EJ&E, except those that support the Gary Works site in northwest Indiana and the steelmaking operations of U.S. Steel.

The Company has received all necessary regulatory approvals, including the U.S. Surface Transportation Board (STB) ruling rendered on December 24, 2008. On January 31, 2009, the Company completed its acquisition of the EJ&E for a purchase price of U.S.$300 million, paid with cash on hand.

Over the next few years, the Company has committed to spend approximately U.S.$100 million for infrastructure improvements and over U.S.$60 million under a series of mitigation agreements with individual communities, as well as under a comprehensive voluntary mitigation program that addresses municipalities concerns raised during the regulatory approval process. Expenditures for additional STB-imposed mitigation are being currently evaluated by the Company.

The Company accounted for the acquisition using the purchase method of accounting pursuant to SFAS No. 141(R), “Business Combinations,” which became effective for acquisitions closing on or after January 1, 2009 (see Note 1 (Q) Recent accounting pronouncements).
 
2008

The Company acquired the three principal railway subsidiaries of the Quebec Railway Corp. (QRC) and a QRC rail-freight ferry operation for a total acquisition cost of $50 million, paid with cash on hand. The acquisition includes:

(i)
Chemin de fer de la Matapedia et du Golfe, a 221-mile short-line railway;

(ii)
New Brunswick East Coast Railway, a 196-mile short-line railway;

(iii)
Ottawa Central Railway, a 123-mile short-line railway; and

(iv)
Compagnie de gestion de Matane Inc., a rail ferry which provides shuttle boat-rail freight service.

2007

The Company acquired the rail assets of Athabasca Northern Railway (ANY) for $25 million, with a planned investment of $135 million in rail line upgrades over a three-year period.

2006

The Company acquired the following three entities for a total acquisition cost of $84 million, paid with cash on hand:

(i)
Alberta short-line railways, composed of the 600-mile Mackenzie Northern Railway, the 118-mile Lakeland & Waterways Railway and the 21-mile Central Western Railway;
 
(ii)
Savage Alberta Railway, Inc., a 345-mile short-line railway; and
 
(iii)
the remaining 51% of SLX Canada Inc., a company engaged in equipment leasing in which the Company previously had a 49% interest that had been consolidated.

All acquisitions were accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. As such, the Companys consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and results of operations of the acquired entities from the dates of acquisition.

4    Accounts receivable
 
In millions
December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
 
Freight
    $ 673     $ 146  
Non-freight
      266       251  
        939       397  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
      (26     (27
      $ 913     $ 370  

The Company has a five-year agreement, expiring in May 2011, to sell an undivided co-ownership interest for maximum cash proceeds of $600 million in a revolving pool of freight receivables to an unrelated trust. The trust is a multi-seller trust and the Company is not the primary beneficiary. The trust was established in Ontario, Canada in 1994 by a

 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 70


 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
Canadian bank to acquire receivables and interests in other financial assets from a variety of originators. Funding for the acquisition of these assets is customarily through the issuance of asset-backed commercial paper notes. The notes are secured by, and recourse is limited to, the assets purchased using the proceeds of the notes. At December 31, 2008, the trust held interests in 16 pools of assets and had notes outstanding of $3.3 billion. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company sells an interest in its receivables and receives proceeds net of the required reserve as stipulated in the agreement. The required reserve represents an amount set aside to allow for possible credit losses and is recognized by the Company as a retained interest and recorded in Other current assets in its Consolidated Balance Sheet. The eligible freight receivables as defined in the agreement may not include delinquent or defaulted receivables, or receivables that do not meet certain obligor-specific criteria, including concentrations in excess of prescribed limits with any one customer.

The Company has retained the responsibility for servicing, administering and collecting the receivables sold and receives no fee for such ongoing servicing responsibilities. The average servicing period is approximately one month. In 2008, proceeds from collections reinvested in the securitization program were approximately $3.3 billion. At December 31, 2008, the servicing asset and liability were not significant. Subject to customary indemnifications, the trusts recourse is generally limited to the receivables.
 
The Company accounted for the accounts receivable securitization program as a sale, because control over the transferred accounts receivable was relinquished. Due to the relatively short collection period and the high quality of the receivables sold, the fair value of the undivided interest transferred to the trust approximated the book value thereof. As such, no gain or loss was recorded.

The Company is subject to customary requirements that include reporting requirements as well as compliance to specified ratios, for which failure to perform could result in termination of the program. In addition, the trust is subject to customary credit rating requirements, which if not met, could also result in termination of the program. The Company monitors its requirements and is currently not aware of any trends, events or conditions that could cause such termination.

At December 31, 2008, the Company had sold receivables that resulted in proceeds of $71 million under the accounts receivable securitization program ($588 million at December 31, 2007), and recorded the retained interest of approximately 10% of this amount in Other current assets (retained interest of approximately 10% recorded as at December 31, 2007). The fair value of the retained interest approximated carrying value as a result of the short collection cycle and negligible credit losses.

Other income included $10 million in 2008, $24 million in 2007 and $12 million in 2006, for costs related to the agreement, which fluctuate with changes in prevailing interest rates (see Note 13). These costs include interest, program fees and fees for unused committed availability.

5    Properties

In millions
   
  December 31, 2008
               
December 31, 2007
       
         
Accumulated
               
Accumulated
       
   
Cost
   
depreciation
   
Net
   
Cost
   
depreciation
   
Net
 
Track and roadway (1)
  $ 24,724     $ 6,643     $ 18,081     $ 22,020     $ 6,433     $ 15,587  
Rolling stock
    4,833       1,585       3,248       4,702       1,606       3,096  
Buildings
    1,253       541       712       1,105       498       607  
Information technology
    739       187       552       667       131       536  
Other
    957       347       610       829       242       587  
    $ 32,506     $ 9,303     $ 23,203     $ 29,323     $ 8,910     $ 20,413  
                                                 
Capital leases included in properties
                                               
Track and roadway (1)
  $ 418     $ 2     $ 416     $ 418     $ 2     $ 416  
Rolling stock
    1,335       287       1,048       1,287       245       1,042  
Buildings
    109       7       102       109       4       105  
Information technology
    3             3       1             1  
Other
    122       30       92       121       27       94  
    $ 1,987     $ 326     $ 1,661     $ 1,936     $ 278     $ 1,658  
 
(1) 
Includes the cost of land of $1,827 million and $1,530 million as at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, of which $108 million was for right-of-way access and was recorded as a capital lease in both years. Following a review in 2008 of its asset classifications, the Company decreased the amounts of capital leases included in properties and has presented them as owned.
 
Sale of Central Station Complex

In November 2007, the Company finalized an agreement with Homburg Invest Inc., to sell its Central Station Complex (CSC) in Montreal for proceeds of $355 million before transaction costs. Under the agreement, the Company entered into long-term arrangements to lease back its corporate headquarters building and the Central Station railway passenger facilities. The transaction resulted in a gain on disposition of $222 million, including amounts related to the corporate headquarters building and the Central Station railway passenger facilities, which are being deferred and amortized over their respective lease terms. A gain of $92 million ($64 million after-tax) was recognized immediately in Other income (see Note 13).

 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 71


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
6    Intangible and other assets
 
In millions 
December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
 
Pension asset (Note 12)
    $ 1,522     $ 1,768  
Investments (A)
      24       24  
Other receivables
      83       106  
Intangible assets (B)
      65       54  
Other
      67       47  
      $ 1,761     $ 1,999  
 
A. Investments

As at December 31, 2008, the Company had $20 million ($17 million at December 31, 2007) of investments accounted for under the equity method and $4 million ($7 million at December 31, 2007) of investments accounted for under the cost method.

In November 2007, Germanys state-owned railway, Deutsche Bahn AG, acquired all of the shares of English Welsh and Scottish Railway (EWS), a company that provides most of the rail freight services in Great Britain and operates freight trains through the English Channel Tunnel, and in which the Company had a 32% ownership interest. The Company accounted for its investment in EWS using the equity method. The Companys share of the cash proceeds was $114 million, resulting in a gain on disposition of the investment of $61 million ($41 million after-tax) which was recorded in Other income (see Note 13). An additional £18 million (Cdn$36 million) was placed in escrow at the time of sale, and will be recognized when defined contingencies are resolved. At December 31, 2008, £12 million (Cdn$22 million) remained in escrow.

B. Intangible assets

Intangible assets relate to customer contracts and relationships assumed through past acquisitions.
 
7    Accounts payable and other
 
In millions 
December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
 
Trade payables
    $ 413     $ 457  
Payroll-related accruals
      237       234  
Accrued charges
      232       146  
Accrued interest
      123       118  
Personal injury and other claims provision
      118       102  
Income and other taxes
      75       123  
Environmental provisions
      30       28  
Other postretirement benefits liability
      19       18  
Workforce reduction provisions
      17       19  
Other
      122       91  
      $ 1,386     $ 1,336  
 
8    Other liabilities and deferred credits
 
In millions 
December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
 
Personal injury and other claims provision,
             
net of current portion
    $ 336     $ 344  
Other postretirement benefits liability,
                 
net of current portion (Note 12)
      241       248  
Pension liability (Note 12)
      237       187  
Environmental provisions, net of current portion
    95       83  
Workforce reduction provisions, net of current portion (A)
    39       53  
Deferred credits and other
      405       507  
      $ 1,353     $ 1,422  
 
A. Workforce reduction provisions

The workforce reduction provisions, which relate to job reductions of prior years, including job reductions from the integration of acquired companies, are mainly comprised of payments related to severance, early retirement incentives and bridging to early retirement, the majority of which will be disbursed within the next four years. In 2008, net charges and adjustments increased the provisions by $6 million ($6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007). Payments have reduced the provisions by $22 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 ($31 million for the year ended December 31, 2007). As at December 31, 2008, the aggregate provisions, including the current portion, amounted to $56 million ($72 million as at December 31, 2007).

 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 72

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
9    Long-term debt

       
U.S. dollar-
             
       
denominated
                      December 31,  
In millions
Maturity
   
amount
   
2008
   
2007
 
                       
Debentures and notes: (A)
                     
                       
Canadian National series:
                     
4.25% 
5-year notes (B)
Aug. 1, 2009
  $
300
  $ 
365
  $ 
297
 
6.38% 
10-year notes (B)
Oct. 15, 2011
   
400
   
487
   
397
 
4.40% 
10-year notes (B)
Mar. 15, 2013
   
400
   
487
   
397
 
4.95% 
6-year notes (B)
Jan. 15, 2014
   
325
   
396
   
 
5.80% 
10-year notes (B)
June 1, 2016
   
250
   
305
   
248
 
5.85% 
10-year notes (B)
Nov. 15, 2017
   
250
   
305
   
248
 
5.55% 
10-year notes (B)
May 15, 2018
   
325
   
396
   
 
6.80% 
20-year notes (B)
July 15, 2018
   
200
   
244
   
198
 
7.63% 
30-year debentures
May 15, 2023
   
150
   
183
   
149
 
6.90% 
30-year notes (B)
July 15, 2028
   
475
   
578
   
471
 
7.38% 
30-year debentures (B)
Oct. 15, 2031
   
200
   
244
   
198
 
6.25% 
30-year notes (B)
Aug. 1, 2034
   
500
   
609
   
496
 
6.20% 
30-year notes (B)
June 1, 2036
   
450
   
548
   
446
 
6.71% 
Puttable Reset Securities PURSSM (B)
July 15, 2036
   
250
   
305
   
248
 
6.38% 
30-year debentures (B)
Nov. 15, 2037
   
300
   
365
   
297
 
                       
Illinois Central series:
                     
6.63% 
10-year notes
June 9, 2008
   
20
   
   
20
 
5.00% 
99-year income debentures
Dec. 1, 2056
   
7
   
9
   
7
 
7.70% 
100-year debentures
Sept. 15, 2096
   
125
   
152
   
124
 
                       
Wisconsin Central series:
                     
6.63% 
10-year notes
April 15, 2008
   
150
   
   
149
 
                 
5,978
   
4,390
 
BC Rail series:
                     
Non-interest bearing 90-year subordinated notes (C)
July 14, 2094
         
842
   
842
 
Total debentures and notes
           
6,820
   
5,232
 
                           
Other:
                         
Commercial paper (D)(E)
           
626
   
122
 
Capital lease obligations and other (F)
           
1,320
   
1,114
 
Total other
           
1,946
   
1,236
 
                 
8,766
   
6,468
 
Less:
                         
Net unamortized discount
           
855
   
851
 
Total debt 
           
7,911
   
5,617
 
                           
Less:
                         
Current portion of long-term debt
           
506
   
254
 
               
7,405
  $ 
5,363
 


U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 73


 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


9    Long-term debt  (continued)

A. The Companys debentures, notes and revolving credit facility are unsecured.

B. These debt securities are redeemable, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company, at any time, at the greater of par and a formula price based on interest rates prevailing at the time of redemption.

C. The Company records these notes as a discounted debt of $7 million, using an imputed interest rate of 5.75%. The discount of $835 million is included in the net unamortized discount.

D. The Company has a U.S.$1 billion revolving credit facility expiring in October 2011. The credit facility is available for general corporate purposes, including back-stopping the Companys commercial paper program, and provides for borrowings at various interest rates, including the Canadian prime rate, bankers acceptance rates, the U.S. federal funds effective rate and the London Interbank Offer Rate, plus applicable margins. The credit facility agreement has one financial covenant, which limits debt as a percentage of total capitalization, and with which the Company is in compliance. As at December 31, 2008, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under its revolving credit facility (nil as at December 31, 2007) and had letters of credit drawn of $181 million ($57 million as at December 31, 2007).

E. The Company has a commercial paper program, which is backed by a portion of its revolving credit facility, enabling it to issue commercial paper up to a maximum aggregate principal amount of $800 million, or the U.S. dollar equivalent. Commercial paper debt is due within one year but is classified as long-term debt, reflecting the Companys intent and contractual ability to refinance the short-term borrowings through subsequent issuances of commercial paper or drawing down on the long-term revolving credit facility. As at December 31, 2008, the Company had total borrowings of $626 million, of which $256 million was denominated in Canadian dollars and $370 million was denominated in U.S. dollars (U.S.$303 million). The weighted-average interest rate on these borrowings was 2.42%. As at December 31, 2007, the Company had total borrowings of $122 million, of which $114 million was denominated in Canadian dollars and $8 million was denominated in U.S. dollars (U.S.$8 million). The weighted-average interest rate on these borrowings was 5.01%.

F. During 2008, the Company recorded $117 million in assets acquired through equipment leases ($301 million in 2007, of which $211 million related to assets acquired through equipment leases and $90 million to a leaseback of the CSC as described in Note 5), for which $121 million was recorded in debt.

Interest rates for capital lease obligations range from approximately 2.1% to 7.9% with maturity dates in the years 2009 through 2037. The imputed interest on these leases amounted to $525 million as at December 31, 2008 and $515 million as at December 31, 2007.

The capital lease obligations are secured by properties with a net carrying amount of $1,245 million as at December 31, 2008 and $1,241 million as at December 31, 2007.

G. Long-term debt maturities, including repurchase arrangements and capital lease repayments on debt outstanding as at December 31, 2008, for the next five years and thereafter, are as follows:

In millions
     
2009 (1)
  $ 506  
2010
    95  
2011
    1,248  
2012
    39  
2013
    581  
2014 and thereafter
    5,442  
 
(1)  Includes $139 million of capital lease obligations.

H. The aggregate amount of debt payable in U.S. currency as at December 31, 2008 was U.S.$6,069 million (Cdn$7,392 million) and U.S.$5,280 million (Cdn$5,234 million) as at December 31, 2007.

I. The Company has U.S.$1.85 billion available under its currently effective shelf prospectus and registration statement, expiring in January 2010, providing for the issuance of debt securities in one or more offerings.
 
10  Capital stock
 
A. Authorized capital stock

The authorized capital stock of the Company is as follows:
 
  
Unlimited number of Common Shares, without par value
  
Unlimited number of Class A Preferred Shares, without par value, issuable in series
  
Unlimited number of Class B Preferred Shares, without par value, issuable in series

B. Issued and outstanding common shares

During 2008, the Company issued 2.4 million shares (3.0 million shares in 2007 and 5.1 million shares in 2006) related to stock options exercised. The total number of common shares issued and outstanding was 468.2 million as at December 31, 2008.

C. Share repurchase programs

On July 21, 2008, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a new share repurchase program which allows for the repurchase of up to 25.0 million common shares between July 28, 2008 and July 20, 2009 pursuant to a normal course issuer bid, at prevailing market prices or such other prices as may be permitted by the Toronto Stock Exchange.

As at December 31, 2008, under this current share repurchase program, the Company repurchased 6.1 million common shares for $331 million, at a weighted-average price of $54.42 per share.

In June 2008, the Company ended its 33.0 million share repurchase program, which began on July 26, 2007, repurchasing a total of 31.0 million common shares for $1,588 million, at a weighted-average price of $51.22 per share. Of this amount, 13.3 million common shares were repurchased in 2008 for $690 million, at a weighted-average price of $51.91 per share and 17.7 million common shares were repurchased in 2007 for $897 million, at a weighted-average price of $50.70 per share.

 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 74


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


11    Stock plans

The Company has various stock-based incentive plans for eligible employees. A description of the Companys major plans is provided below:

A. Employee Share Investment Plan

The Company has an Employee Share Investment Plan (ESIP) giving eligible employees the opportunity to subscribe for up to 10% of their gross salaries to purchase shares of the Companys common stock on the open market and to have the Company invest, on the employees behalf, a further 35% of the amount invested by the employees, up to 6% of their gross salaries.

The number of participants holding shares at December 31, 2008 was 14,114 (13,385 at December 31, 2007 and 12,590 at December 31, 2006). The total number of ESIP shares purchased on behalf of employees, including the Companys contributions, was 1.5 million in 2008 and 1.3 million in each of 2007 and 2006, resulting in a pre-tax charge to income of $18 million, $16 million and $15 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

B. Stock-based compensation plans

Compensation cost for awards under all stock-based compensation plans was $27 million, $62 million and $79 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The total tax benefit recognized in income in relation to stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $7 million, $23 million and $22 million, respectively.

(i) Cash settled awards
 
Restricted share units
 
The Company has granted restricted share units (RSUs), 0.7 million in 2008, 0.7 million in 2007, and 0.8 million in 2006, to designated management employees entitling them to receive payout in cash based on the Companys share price. The RSUs granted are generally scheduled for payout after three years (“plan period”) and vest conditionally upon the attainment of a target relating to return on invested capital (ROIC) over the plan period. Payout is conditional upon the attainment of a minimum share price, calculated using the average of the last three months of the plan period. For the 2006 grant, the target related to ROIC was exceeded.
 
The Human Resources and Compensation Committee approved payout as permitted under the terms of the plan agreement, after considering that the ROIC target was exceeded and that the minimum share price condition was not met by a marginal amount. As such, the RSUs vested on December 31, 2008, resulting in a payout in February 2009 of $51 million, calculated using the Companys average share price during the 20-day period ending on January 31, 2009.

Vision 2008 Share Unit Plan (Vision)

In the first quarter of 2005, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a special share unit plan with a four-year term to December 31, 2008, granting 0.9 million units to designated senior management employees to receive cash payout in January 2009. Based on the award agreement, the share units would vest conditionally upon the attainment of a target relating to the Companys share price during the six-month period ending December 31, 2008. Payout would be conditional upon the attainment of targets relating to both the Companys ROIC over the four-year period and to the average share price during the 20-day period ending on December 31, 2008. At December 31, 2008, the units partially vested, however, the payout condition related to the Companys share price was not met. As such, no payout occurred and the units were subsequently cancelled.

Voluntary Incentive Deferral Plan

The Company has a Voluntary Incentive Deferral Plan (VIDP), providing eligible senior management employees the opportunity to elect to receive their annual incentive bonus payment and other eligible incentive payments in deferred share units (DSUs). A DSU is equivalent to a common share of the Company and also earns dividends when normal cash dividends are paid on common shares. The number of DSUs received by each participant is established using the average closing price for the 20 trading days prior to and including the date of the incentive payment. For each participant, the Company will grant a further 25% of the amount elected in DSUs, which will vest over a period of four years. The election to receive eligible incentive payments in DSUs is no longer available to a participant when the value of the participants vested DSUs is sufficient to meet the Companys stock ownership guidelines. The value of each participants DSUs is payable in cash at the time of cessation of employment. The Companys liability for DSUs is marked-to-market at each period-end based on the Companys closing stock price.
 
The following table provides the 2008 activity for all cash settled awards:
 
 
 
RSUs
   
Vision
   
VIDP
 
In millions  
 
Nonvested
   
Vested
   
Nonvested
   
Vested
   
Nonvested
   
Vested
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2007 
 
 
1.6
 
 
 
0.9
(1)
 
 
0.8
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.2
 
    1.9  
Granted 
    0.7                                  
Forfeited  
    (0.1 )                              
Vested during year 
    (0.9 )     0.9                   (0.1 )     0.1  
Payout 
          (0.9 )                       (0.2 )
Cancelled 
                (0.8 )                  
Outstanding at December 31, 2008 
    1.3       0.9
(1)
                0.1       1.8  
 
(1)
Includes 0.1 million of 2004 time-vested RSUs.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 75


 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
11  Stock plans (continued)

The following table provides valuation and expense information for all cash settled awards:

In millions, unless otherwise indicated
             
RSUs (1)
               
Vision (1)
   
VIDP (2)
   
Total
 
Year of grant
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
 
2004
   
2005
   
2003
onwards
       
Stock-based compensation expense (recovery)
                                               
recognized over requisite service period
                                               
Year ended December 31, 2008
  $ 8     $ (2 )   $ 24       N/A     $ 3     $ (10 )   $ (10 )   $ 13  
Year ended December 31, 2007
    N/A     $ 11    
$
8
    $ 14     $ 5     $ 2     $ 11     $ 51  
Year ended December 31, 2006
    N/A       N/A     $ 21     $ 19     $ 6     $ 8     $ 11     $ 65  
Liability outstanding
                                                               
December 31, 2008
  $ 8     $ 9     $ 53       N/A     $ 3     $     $ 88     $ 161  
December 31, 2007
    N/A     $ 11     $ 29     $ 48     $ 4     $ 8     $ 95     $ 195  
Fair value per unit
                                                               
December 31, 2008 (3)
  $ 20.95     $ 16.53     $ 44.78       N/A     $ 42.47     $     $ 44.78       N/A  
Fair value of awards vested during year
                                                               
Year ended December 31, 2008
  $     $     $ 53       N/A     $ 3     $     $ 4     $ 60  
Year ended December 31, 2007
    N/A     $     $ 1     $ 48     $ 9     $     $ 5     $ 63  
Year ended December 31, 2006
    N/A       N/A     $     $     $ 4     $     $ 5     $ 9  
Nonvested awards at December 31, 2008
                                                               
Unrecognized compensation cost
  $ 5     $ 2     $       N/A     $       N/A     $ 3     $ 10  
Remaining recognition period (years)
    2.0       1.0       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       3.0       N/A  
Assumptions (4)
                                                               
Stock price ($)
  $ 44.78     $ 44.78     $ 44.78       N/A     $ 42.47       N/A     $ 44.78       N/A  
Expected stock price volatility (5)
    29%       33%       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A  
Expected term (years) (6)
    2.0       1.0       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A  
Risk-free interest rate (7)
    1.09%       0.85%       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A  
Dividend rate ($) (8)
  $ 0.92    
$
0.92
      N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A  
 
(1) 
Compensation cost is based on the fair value of the awards at period-end using the lattice-based valuation model that uses the assumptions as presented herein, except for time-vested RSUs.
(2) 
Compensation cost is based on intrinsic value.
(3) 
2004 RSUs calculated based on the Company’s average share price during the 20-day period ending on December 31, 2008.
(4) 
Assumptions used to determine fair value are at December 31, 2008.
(5) 
Based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock over a period commensurate with the expected term of the award.
(6) 
Represents the remaining period of time that awards are expected to be outstanding.
(7) 
Based on the implied yield available on zero-coupon government issues with an equivalent term commensurate with the expected term of the awards.
(8) 
Based on the annualized dividend rate. 
 
(ii) Stock option awards
 
The Company has stock option plans for eligible employees to acquire common shares of the Company upon vesting at a price equal to the market value of the common shares at the date of granting. The options are exercisable during a period not exceeding 10 years. The right to exercise options generally accrues over a period of four years of continuous employment. Options are not generally exercisable during the first 12 months after the date of grant. At December 31, 2008, 13.5 million common shares remained authorized for future issuances under these plans.

Options issued by the Company include conventional options, which vest over a period of time; performance options, which vest upon the attainment of Company targets relating to the operating ratio and unlevered return on investment; and performance-accelerated options, which vest on the sixth anniversary of the grant or prior if certain Company targets relating to return on investment and revenues are attained. As at December 31, 2008, the Companys performance and performance-accelerated stock options were fully vested.

For 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company granted 0.9 million, 0.9 million and 1.1 million, respectively, of conventional stock options to designated senior management employees that vest over a period of four years of continuous employment.

The total number of options outstanding at December 31, 2008, for conventional, performance and performance-accelerated options was 9.7 million, 0.2 million and 3.3 million, respectively.

 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 76

 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 

The following table provides the activity of stock option awards during 2008, and for options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2008, the weighted-average exercise price.

   
    Options outstanding
   
  Nonvested options
 
         
Weighted-
         
Weighted-
 
   
Number of
   
average
   
Number of
   
average grant
 
   
options
   
exercise price
   
options
   
date fair value
 
   
In millions
         
In millions
       
Outstanding at December 31, 2007 (1)
    14.7     $ 24.55       2.3     $ 12.34  
Granted
    0.9     $ 48.51       0.9     $ 12.44  
Exercised
    (2.4 )   $ 18.59       N/A       N/A  
Vested
    N/A       N/A       (0.8 )   $ 11.81  
Outstanding at December 31, 2008 (1)
    13.2     $ 29.05       2.4     $ 12.54  
Exercisable at December 31, 2008 (1)
    10.8     $ 24.08       N/A       N/A  
 
(1) 
Stock options with a U.S. dollar exercise price have been translated to Canadian dollars using the foreign exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. 
 
The following table provides the number of stock options outstanding and exercisable as at December 31, 2008 by range of exercise price and their related intrinsic value, and for options outstanding, the weighted-average years to expiration. The table also provides the aggregate intrinsic value for in-the-money stock options, which represents the amount that would have been received by option holders had they exercised their options on December 31, 2008 at the Companys closing stock price of $44.78.

       
Options outstanding
         
Options exercisable
 
       
Weighted-
   
Weighted-
   
Aggregate
         
Weighted-
   
Aggregate
 
 
Number of
   
average years
   
average
   
intrinsic
   
Number of
   
average
   
intrinsic
 
Range of exercise prices
options
   
to expiration
   
exercise price
   
value
   
options
   
exercise price
   
value
 
 
In millions
               
In millions
   
In millions
         
In millions
 
$11.42$13.18   0.9        1.1      $ 11.68      $ 29        0.9      $ 11.68      $
29
 
$13.54$19.83   1.8       1.9     $ 16.49       51       1.8     $ 16.49       51  
$20.27$27.07   6.5       3.5     $ 23.00       141       6.5     $ 23.00       141  
$35.26$42.24   1.2       6.1     $ 35.90       11       0.9     $ 35.90       8  
$45.18$65.67   2.8       8.0     $ 54.00             0.7     $ 53.55        
Balance at December 31, 2008 (1)
  13.2       4.3     $ 29.05     $ 232       10.8     $ 24.08     $ 229  

(1)
Stock options with a U.S. dollar exercise price have been translated to Canadian dollars using the foreign exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. As at December 31, 2008,  the total number of in-the-money stock options outstanding was 10.4 million with a weighted-average exercise price of $22.40. The weighted-average years to expiration of exercisable stock options is 3.5 years.


U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 77


 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
11  Stock plans (continued)

The following table provides valuation and expense information for all stock option awards:

In millions, unless otherwise indicated
                                   
Year of grant
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
   
Prior to 2005
   
Total
 
Stock-based compensation expense
                                   
recognized over requisite service period (1)
                                   
Year ended December 31, 2008
  $ 7     $ 2     $ 2     $ 3     $     $ 14  
Year ended December 31, 2007
    N/A     $ 6     $ 2     $ 3     $     $ 11  
Year ended December 31, 2006
    N/A       N/A     $ 8     $ 3     $ 3     $ 14  
Fair value per unit
                                               
At grant date ($)
  $ 12.44     $ 13.36     $ 13.80     $ 9.19     $ 8.61       N/A  
Fair value of awards vested during year
                                               
Year ended December 31, 2008
  $     $ 3     $ 3     $ 3     $     $ 9  
Year ended December 31, 2007
    N/A     $     $ 4     $ 3     $     $ 7  
Year ended December 31, 2006
    N/A       N/A     $     $ 3     $ 34     $ 37  
Nonvested awards at December 31, 2008
                                               
Unrecognized compensation cost
  $ 4     $ 3     $ 2     $     $     $ 9  
Remaining recognition period (years)
    3.1       2.1       1.1       0.1             N/A  
Assumptions
                                               
Grant price ($)
  $ 48.51     $ 52.79     $ 51.51     $ 36.33     $ 23.59       N/A  
Expected stock price volatility (2)
    27%       24%       25%       25%       30%       N/A  
Expected term (years) (3)
    5.3       5.2       5.2       5.2       6.2       N/A  
Risk-free interest rate (4)
    3.58%       4.12%       4.04%       3.50%       5.13%       N/A  
Dividend rate ($) (5)
  $ 0.92     $ 0.84     $ 0.65     $ 0.50     $ 0.30       N/A  
 
(1) 
Compensation cost is based on the grant date fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model that uses the assumptions at the grant date.
(2)
Based on the historical volatility of the Company's stock over a period commensurate with the expected term of the award.
(3) 
Represents the period of time that awards are expected to be  outstanding.The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination, and groups of employees that have similar historical exercise behavior are considered separately.
(4)
Based on the implied yield available on zero-coupon government issues with an equivalent term commensurate with the expected term of the awards.
(5)
Based on the annualized dividend rate.
 

The following table provides information related to stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006:

In millions 
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Total intrinsic value
    $ 81     $ 105     $ 156  
Cash received upon exercise of options
  $ 44     $ 61     $ 101  
Related tax benefits realized
  $ 10     $ 16    
$
19
 

(iii) Stock price volatility

Compensation cost for the Companys RSU plans is based on the fair value of the awards at period end using the lattice-based valuation model for which a primary assumption is the Companys share price. In addition, the Companys liability for the VIDP is marked-to-market at period-end and, as such, is also reliant on the Companys share price. Fluctuations in the Companys share price cause volatility to stock-based compensation expense as recorded in earnings. The Company does not currently hold any derivative financial instruments to manage this exposure. A $1 increase in the Companys share price at December 31, 2008 would have increased stock-based compensation expense by $4 million whereas a $1 decrease in the price would have reduced it by $6 million.
 
12    Pensions and other postretirement benefits

The Company has various retirement benefit plans under which substantially all of its employees are entitled to benefits at retirement age, generally based on compensation and length of service and/or contributions. The Company also has a postretirement benefit plan which provides life insurance, medical benefits and free rail travel benefits during retirement. These benefits are funded as they become due. The information in the tables that follow pertains to all such plans. However, the following descriptions relate solely to the Companys main pension plan, the CN Pension Plan (the Plan), unless otherwise specified.

A. Description of the Plan

The Plan is a contributory defined benefit pension plan that covers the majority of CN employees. It provides for pensions based mainly on years of service and final average pensionable earnings and is generally applicable from the first day of employment. Indexation of pensions is provided after retirement through a gain/loss sharing mechanism, subject to guaranteed minimum increases. An independent trust company is the Trustee of the Canadian National Railways Pension Trust Funds (CN Pension Trust Funds). As Trustee, the trust company performs certain
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 78


 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
duties, which include holding legal title to the assets of the CN Pension Trust Funds and ensuring that the Company, as Administrator, complies with the provisions of the Plan and the related legislation. The Company utilizes a measurement date of December 31 for the Plan.
 
B. Funding policy

Employee contributions to the Plan are determined by the plan rules. Company contributions are in accordance with the requirements of the Government of Canada legislation, The Pension Benefits Standards Act, 1985, and are determined by actuarial valuations conducted at least on a triennial basis. These valuations are made in accordance with legislative requirements and with the recommendations of the Canadian Institute of Actuaries for the valuation of pension plans. The latest actuarial valuation of the Plan was conducted as at December 31, 2007 and indicated a funding excess. Based on this actuarial valuation, total contributions for all of the Companys pension plans are expected to be approximately $130 million in each of 2009 and 2010. All of the Companys contributions are expected to be in the form of cash.

C. Description of fund assets

The assets of the Plan are accounted for separately in the CN Pension Trust Funds and consist of cash and short-term investments, bonds, mortgages, Canadian and foreign equities, real estate, and other assets. The assets of the Plan have a fair market value of $12,940 million as at December 31, 2008 ($15,208 million at December 31, 2007). The Plans target percentage allocation and weighted-average asset allocations as at December 31, 2008 and 2007, by asset category are as follows:

   
Target
   
                      December 31,
 
Plan assets by category
 
allocation
   
2008
 
2007
Equity securities
    53 %     41 %     51 %
Debt securities
    40 %     39 %     34 %
Real estate
    4 %     2 %     2 %
Other
    3 %     18 %     13 %
      100 %     100 %     100 %

The Company follows a disciplined investment strategy, which limits concentration of investments by asset class, foreign currency, sector or company. The Investment Committee of the Board of Directors has approved an investment policy that establishes long-term asset mix targets based on a review of historical returns achieved by worldwide investment markets. Investment managers may deviate from these targets but their performance is evaluated in relation to the market performance of the target mix. The Company does not anticipate the long-term return on plan assets to fluctuate materially from related capital market indices. The Investment Committee reviews investments regularly with specific approval required for major investments in illiquid securities. The policy also permits the use of derivative financial instruments to implement asset mix decisions or to hedge existing or anticipated exposures. The Plan does not invest in the securities of the Company or its subsidiaries.
 
D. Other disclosures pursuant to SFAS No. 158 requirements

(i) Obligations and funded status
 
     
               Pensions
   
Other postretirement benefits
 
In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
2008
   
2007
 
Change in benefit obligation
                         
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
    $ 14,419     $ 14,545    
$ 
266
    $ 286  
Amendments
                  6       12  
Adoption of SFAS No. 158 measurement date provision (Note 2)
            3             2  
Interest cost
      801       742       15       15  
Actuarial gain
      (2,274 )     (195 )     (23 )     (7 )
Service cost
      136       150       4       5  
Curtailment gain
                  (13 )     (9 )
Plan participants contributions
      52       54              
Foreign currency changes
      45       (33 )     23       (21 )
Benefit payments and transfers
      (853 )     (847 )     (18 )     (17 )
Benefit obligation at end of year
    $ 12,326     $ 14,419     $ 260     $ 266  
Component representing future salary increases
      (397 )     (618 )            
Accumulated benefit obligation at end of year
    $ 11,929     $ 13,801     $ 260     $ 266  
Change in plan assets
                                 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
    $ 16,000     $ 15,625     $     $  
Employer contributions
      127       75              
Plan participants contributions
      52       54              
Foreign currency changes
      27       (26 )            
Actual return on plan assets
      (1,742 )     1,119              
Benefit payments and transfers
      (853 )     (847 )            
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
    $ 13,611     $ 16,000     $     $  
Funded (unfunded) status (Excess of fair value of plan assets over
                               
benefit obligation at end of year)
    $ 1,285     $ 1,581     $ (260 )   $ (266 )

Measurement date for all plans is December 31.
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 79


 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


12  Pensions and other postretirement benefits  (continued)

(ii)  Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet

     
              Pensions
     
Other postretirement benefits
 
In millions
December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
     
2008
   
2007
 
Noncurrent assets (Note 6)
    $ 1,522     $ 1,768       $     $  
Current liabilities (Note 7)
                    (19 )     (18 )
Noncurrent liabilities (Note 8)
      (237 )     (187 )       (241 )     (248 )
Total amount recognized
    $ 1,285     $ 1,581       $ (260 )   $ (266 )
 
(iii) Amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 19)
 
     
              Pensions
     
Other postretirement benefits
 
In millions
December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
     
2008
   
2007
 
Net actuarial gain
    $ 551     $ 1,039       $ 61     $ 27  
Prior service cost
    $     $ (19 )     $ (9 )   $ (8 )
 
(iv) Information for the pension plan with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets
 
                    Pensions      
Other postretirement benefits
 
In millions
December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
     
2008
   
2007
 
Projected benefit obligation
    $ 365     $ 266         N/A       N/A  
Accumulated benefit obligation
    $ 327     $ 229         N/A       N/A  
Fair value of plan assets
    $ 128     $ 79         N/A       N/A  
 
(v) Components of net periodic benefit cost (income)
 
                   Pensions      
            Other postretirement benefits
 
In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
     
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Service cost
    $ 136     $ 150     $ 146       $ 4     $ 5     $ 4  
Interest cost
      801       742       713         15       15       16  
Curtailment gain
                          (7 )     (4 )      
Expected return on plan assets
    (1,004 )     (935 )     (903 )                    
Amortization of prior service cost
    19       19       19         2       2       2  
Recognized net actuarial loss (gain)
          53       91         (2 )     (4 )     (5 )
Net periodic benefit cost (income)
  $ (48 )   $ 29     $ 66       $ 12     $ 14     $ 17  

The estimated prior service cost and net actuarial loss for defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from Accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost (income) over the next fiscal year are nil and $6 million, respectively.

The estimated prior service cost and net actuarial gain for other postretirement benefits that will be amortized from Accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year are $2 million and $4 million, respectively.

(vi) Weighted-average assumptions used in accounting for pensions and other postretirement benefits

   
                  Pensions
       
            Other postretirement benefits
 
            December 31,
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
     
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
To determine benefit obligation
                                       
Discount rate
    7.42 %     5.53 %     5.12 %         6.84 %     5.84 %     5.44%  
Rate of compensation increase
    3.50 %     3.50 %     3.50 %         3.50 %     3.50 %     3.50%  
To determine net periodic benefit cost
                                                   
Discount rate
    5.53 %     5.12 %     5.00 %         5.84 %     5.44 %     5.30%  
Rate of compensation increase
    3.50 %     3.50 %     3.75 %         3.50 %     3.50 %     3.75%  
Expected return on plan assets
    8.00 %     8.00 %     8.00 %         N/A     N/A     N/A  


U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 80



Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


To develop its expected long-term rate of return assumption used in the calculation of net periodic benefit cost applicable to the market-related value of assets, the Company considers its past experience and future estimates of long-term investment returns, the expected composition of the plans assets as well as the expected long-term market returns in the future.

Effective January 1, 2009, the Company will reduce the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets from 8.00% to 7.75% to reflect managements current view of long-term investment returns. The effect of this change in managements assumption will be to decrease net periodic benefit income in 2009 by approximately $17 million.

The Company has elected to use a market-related value of assets, whereby realized and unrealized gains/losses and appreciation/depreciation in the value of the investments are recognized over a period of five years, while investment income is recognized immediately.

(vii) Health care cost trend rate for other postretirement benefits

For measurement purposes, increases in the per capita cost of covered health care benefits were assumed to be 12% for each of 2008 and 2009. It is assumed that the rate will decrease gradually to 4.5% in 2028 and remain at that level thereafter.

Assumed health care costs have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the health care plan. A one-percentage-point change in the assumed health care cost trend would have the following effect:

In millions
 
     One-percentage-point
 
   
Increase
   
Decrease
 
Effect on total service and interest costs
  $ 1     $ (1 )
Effect on benefit obligation
  $ 16     $ (14 )

(viii) Estimated future benefit payments
  
In millions
 
Pensions
   
Other
postretirement
benefits
 
2009
  $ 894     $ 20  
2010
    922       21  
2011
    952       21  
2012
    980       21  
2013
    1,005       22  
Years 2014 to 2018
    5,363       123  
 
 
13  Other income
 
In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Gain on disposal of properties
    $ 22     $ 14     $ 16  
Gain on disposal of CSC (Note 5)
            92        
Gain on disposal of investment in EWS (Note 6)
            61        
Equity in earnings of EWS (Note 6)
            5       (6 )
Net real estate costs
      (10 )     (6 )     (12 )
Costs related to the Accounts receivable
                         
securitization program (Note 4)
      (10 )     (24 )     (12 )
Foreign exchange gain (loss)
      (14 )     24       18  
Other
      38             7  
      $ 26     $ 166     $ 11  
 
 
14  Income taxes
 
The Companys consolidated effective income tax rate differs from the Canadian statutory Federal tax rate. The reconciliation of income tax expense is as follows:

In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Federal tax rate
      19.5%       22.1%       22.1%  
Income tax expense at the statutory
                       
Federal tax rate
    $ (496 )   $ (598 )   $ (603 )
Income tax (expense) recovery resulting from:
                       
Provincial and other taxes
    (304 )     (318 )     (354 )
Deferred income tax adjustments
                       
due to rate enactments
    23       317       228  
Other (1)
      127       51       87  
Income tax expense
    $ (650 )   $ (548 )   $ (642 )
Cash payments for income taxes
  $ 425     $ 867     $ 307  

(1)  
Comprises adjustments relating to the resolution of matters pertaining to prior years income taxes, including net recognized tax benefits, and other items.

The following table provides tax information for Canada and the United States:

In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Income before income taxes
                 
Canada
    $ 1,976     $ 1,983     $ 2,009  
U.S.
      569       723       720  
      $ 2,545     $ 2,706     $ 2,729  
 
Current income tax expense
                       
Canada
    $ (316 )   $ (418 )   $ (440 )
U.S.
      (104 )     (212 )     (199 )
      $ (420 )   $ (630 )   $ (639 )
 
Deferred income tax recovery (expense)
                 
Canada
  $ (153 )   $ 141     $ 102  
U.S.
    (77 )     (59 )     (105 )
    $ (230 )   $ 82     $ (3 )


Significant components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

In millions
December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
 
Deferred income tax assets
             
Workforce reduction provisions
    $ 16     $ 22  
Personal injury claims and other reserves
      177       146  
Other postretirement benefits liability
      87       85  
Losses and tax credit carryforwards
      48       24  
        328       277  
 
Deferred income tax liabilities
           
Net pension asset
    352       429  
Properties and other
    5,389       4,688  
      5,741       5,117  
Total net deferred income tax liability
  $ 5,413     $ 4,840  
 
Total net deferred income tax liability
           
             
Canada
  $ 2,113     $ 2,191  
U.S.
    3,300       2,649  
    $ 5,413     $ 4,840  
Total net deferred income tax liability
  $ 5,413     $ 4,840  
Net current deferred income tax asset
    98       68  
Long-term deferred income tax liability
  $ 5,511     $ 4,908  
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 81


 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


14  Income taxes (continued)

It is more likely than not that the Company will realize the majority of its deferred income tax assets from the generation of future taxable income, as the payments for provisions, reserves and accruals are made and losses and tax credit carryforwards are utilized. At December 31, 2008, the Company had approximately $20 million in operating loss carry-forwards available to reduce future taxable income. The Company has not recognized a deferred tax asset ($150 million at December 31, 2008) on the foreign exchange loss recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss on its permanent investment in U.S. rail subsidiaries, as the Company does not expect this temporary difference to reverse in the foreseeable future.

The Company recognized tax credits of $4 million in each of 2008, 2007 and 2006 for eligible research and development expenditures, which reduced the cost of properties.

The following table provides reconciliation for unrecognized tax benefits for Canada and the United States:
 
In millions      
Gross unrecognized tax benefits as at January 1, 2008
  $ 158  
Additions:
       
Tax positions related to the current year
    2  
Tax positions related to prior years
    11  
Interest accrued on tax positions
    6  
Deductions:
       
Tax positions related to prior years
    (31 )
Interest accrued on tax positions
    (30 )
Settlements
    (37 )
Gross unrecognized tax benefits as at December 31, 2008
  $ 79  
Adjustments to reflect tax treaties and other arrangements
    (38 )
Net unrecognized tax benefits as at December 31, 2008
  $ 41  

At December 31, 2008, the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits was $79 million, before considering tax treaties and other arrangements between taxation authorities, of which $19 million related to accrued interest and penalties. If recognized, all of the net unrecognized tax benefits would affect the effective tax rate.

It is expected that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change in the next twelve months; however, the Company does not expect the change to have a significant impact on the results of operations or the financial position of the Company.

The Company recognizes interest accrued and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in Income tax expense in the Companys Consolidated Statement of Income.

In Canada, the federal income tax returns filed for the years 2004 to 2007 and the provincial income tax returns filed for the years 2003 to 2007 remain subject to examination by the taxation authorities. In the U.S., the income tax returns filed for the years 2004 to 2007 remain subject to examination by the taxation authorities.
 
 
15  Segmented information
 
The Company manages its operations as one business segment over a single network that spans vast geographic distances and territories, with operations in Canada and the United States. Financial information reported at this level, such as revenues, operating income, and cash flow from operations, is used by corporate management, including the Companys chief operating decision-maker, in evaluating financial and operational performance and allocating resources across CNs network.

The Companys strategic initiatives, which drive its operational direction, are developed and managed centrally by corporate management and are communicated to its regional activity centers (the Western Region, Eastern Region and Southern Region). Corporate management is responsible for, among others, CNs marketing strategy, the management of large customer accounts, overall planning and control of infrastructure and rolling stock, the allocation of resources, and other functions such as financial planning, accounting and treasury.

The role of each region is to manage the day-to-day service requirements within their respective territories and control direct costs incurred locally. Such cost control is required to ensure that pre-established efficiency standards set at the corporate level are met. The regions execute the overall corporate strategy and operating plan established by corporate management, as their management of throughput and control of direct costs does not serve as the platform for the Companys decision-making process. Approximately 91% of the Companys freight revenues are from national accounts for which freight traffic spans North America and touches various commodity groups. As a result, the Company does not manage revenues on a regional basis since a large number of the movements originate in one region and pass through and/or terminate in another region.

The regions also demonstrate common characteristics in each of the following areas:

(i)
each regions sole business activity is the transportation of freight over the Companys extensive rail network;

(ii)
the regions service national accounts that extend over the Companys various commodity groups and across its rail network;

(iii)
the services offered by the Company stem predominantly from the transportation of freight by rail with the goal of optimizing the rail network as a whole;

(iv)
the Company and its subsidiaries, not its regions, are subject to single regulatory regimes in both Canada and the U.S.

For the reasons mentioned herein, the Company reports as one operating segment.

 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 82



Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
The following tables provide information by geographic area:

In millions 
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Revenues
                   
Canada
    $ 5,632     $ 5,265     $ 5,293  
U.S.
      2,850       2,632       2,636  
      $ 8,482     $ 7,897     $ 7,929  
                           
In millions 
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Net income
                         
Canada
    $ 1,507     $ 1,706     $ 1,671  
U.S.
      388       452       416  
      $ 1,895     $ 2,158     $ 2,087  
                           
In millions 
December 31,
   
2008
   
2007
 
Properties
                         
Canada
            $ 12,377     $ 11,777  
U.S.
              10,826       8,636  
              $ 23,203     $ 20,413  
 
 
16  Earnings per share
 
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Basic earnings per share
  $ 3.99     $ 4.31     $ 3.97  
Diluted earnings per share
  $ 3.95     $ 4.25     $ 3.91  
 
The following table provides a reconciliation between basic and diluted earnings per share:
 
In millions 
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Net income
    $ 1,895     $ 2,158     $ 2,087  
Weighted-average shares outstanding
    474.7       501.2       525.9  
Effect of stock options
      5.3       6.8       8.4  
Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding
    480.0       508.0       534.3  
 
For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the weighted-average number of stock options that were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share, as their inclusion would have had an anti-dilutive impact, were 0.3 million, 0.1 million and 0.2  million, respectively.

 
17  Major commitments and contingencies

A. Leases

The Company has operating and capital leases, mainly for locomotives, freight cars and intermodal equipment. Of the capital leases, many provide the option to purchase the leased items at fixed values during or at the end of the lease term. As at December 31, 2008, the Companys commitments under these operating and capital leases were $876 million and $1,837 million, respectively. Minimum rental payments for operating leases having initial non-cancelable lease terms of one year or more and minimum lease payments for capital leases in each of the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

In millions
 
Operating
   
Capital
 
2009
  $ 166      $ 207   
2010
    134       158  
2011
    112       199  
2012
    87       96  
2013
    65       145  
2014 and thereafter
    312       1,032  
    $ 876       1,837  
Less: imputed interest on capital leases at rates ranging from
               
approximately 2.1% to 7.9%
            525  
Present value of minimum lease payments included in debt 
          $ 1,312  

The Company also has operating lease agreements for its automotive fleet with minimum one-year non-cancelable terms for which its practice is to renew monthly thereafter. The estimated annual rental payments for such leases are approximately $30 million and generally extend over five years.

Rent expense for all operating leases was $202 million, $207 million and $202 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Contingent rentals and sublease rentals were not significant.

B. Other commitments

As at December 31, 2008, the Company had commitments to acquire railroad ties, rail, freight cars, locomotives, and other equipment and services, as well as outstanding information technology service contracts and licenses, at an aggregate cost of $1,006 million. The Company also has agreements with fuel suppliers to purchase approximately 82% of the estimated 2009 volume and 32% of its anticipated 2010 volume, at market prices prevailing on the date of the purchase.

C. Contingencies

The Company becomes involved, from time to time, in various legal actions seeking compensatory, and occasionally punitive damages, including actions brought on behalf of various purported classes of claimants and claims relating to personal injuries, occupational disease, and property damage, arising out of harm to individuals or property allegedly caused by derailments or other accidents.

Canada

Employee injuries are governed by the workers compensation legislation in each province whereby employees may be awarded either a lump sum or future stream of payments depending on the nature and severity of the injury. Accordingly, the Company accounts for costs related to employee work-related injuries based on actuarially developed estimates of the ultimate cost associated with such injuries, including compensation, health care and third-party administration costs. For all other legal actions, the Company maintains, and regularly updates on a case-by-case basis, provisions for such items when the expected loss is both probable and can be reasonably estimated based on currently available information.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 83


 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
17  Major commitments and contingencies (continued)

At December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Companys provision for personal injury and other claims in Canada was as follows:

In millions
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Balance January 1
  $ 196     $ 195     $ 205  
Accruals and other
    42       41       60  
Payments
    (49 )     (40 )     (70 )
Balance December 31
  $ 189     $ 196     $ 195  

United States
 
Employee work-related injuries, including occupational disease claims, are compensated according to the provisions of the Federal EmployersLiability Act (FELA), which requires either the finding of fault through the U.S. jury system or individual settlements, and represent a major liability for the railroad industry. The Company follows an actuarial-based approach and accrues the expected cost for personal injury and property damage claims and asserted and unasserted occupational disease claims, based on actuarial estimates of their ultimate cost.
 
In 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company recorded net reductions to its provision for U.S. personal injury and other claims pursuant to the results of external actuarial studies of $28 million, $97 million and $62 million, respectively. The reductions were mainly attributable to decreases in the Companys estimates of unasserted claims and costs related to asserted claims as a result of its ongoing risk mitigation strategy focused on prevention, mitigation of claims and containment of injuries, lower settlements for existing claims and reduced severity relating to non-occupational disease claims.
 
Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in projecting future events related to occupational diseases, which include but are not limited to, the number of expected claims, the average cost per claim and the legislative and judicial environment, the Companys future obligations may differ from current amounts recorded.
 
At December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Companys provision for U.S. personal injury and other claims was as follows:
 
In millions    
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Balance January 1   $ 250      $
407
    $ 452  
 Accruals and other
    57       (111 )     (8 )
 Payments
    (42 )     (46 )     (37 )
Balance December 31   $ 265      $
250
    $ 407  
 
Although the Company considers such provisions to be adequate for all its outstanding and pending claims, the final outcome with respect to actions outstanding or pending at December 31, 2008, or with respect to future claims, cannot be predicted with certainty, and therefore there can be no assurance that their resolution will not have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial position or results of operations in a particular quarter or fiscal year.
 
D. Environmental matters
 
The Companys operations are subject to numerous federal, provincial, state, municipal and local environmental laws and regulations in Canada and the United States concerning, among other things, emissions into the air; discharges into waters; the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste, hazardous substances, and other materials; decommissioning of underground and aboveground storage tanks; and soil and groundwater contamination. A risk of environmental liability is inherent in railroad and related transportation operations; real estate ownership, operation or control; and other commercial activities of the Company with respect to both current and past operations.
 
Known existing environmental concerns

The Company has identified approximately 345 sites at which it is or may be liable for remediation costs, in some cases along with other potentially responsible parties, including those imposed by the United States Federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), also known as the Superfund law. CERCLA and similar state laws generally impose joint and several liability for clean-up and enforcement costs on current and former owners and operators of a site, as well as those whose waste is disposed of at the site, without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct. The Company has been notified that it is a potentially responsible party for study and clean-up costs at approximately 10 sites governed by the Superfund law for which investigation and remediation payments are or will be made or are yet to be determined and, in many instances, is one of several potentially responsible parties.
 
The ultimate cost of addressing these known contaminated sites cannot be definitely established given that the environmental liability for any given site may vary depending on the nature and extent of the contamination, the available clean-up techniques, the Companys share of the costs and evolving regulatory standards governing environmental liability. A liability is initially recorded when environmental assessments occur and/or remedial efforts are probable, and when the costs, based on a specific plan of action in terms of the technology to be used and the extent of the corrective action required, can be reasonably estimated. Adjustments to initial estimates are recorded as additional information becomes available.
 
The Companys provision for specific environmental sites is undiscounted, is recorded net of potential and actual insurance recoveries, and includes costs for remediation and restoration of sites, as well as significant monitoring costs. Environmental accruals, which are classified as Casualty and other in the Consolidated Statement of Income, include amounts for newly identified sites or contaminants as well as adjustments to initial estimates. In 2005, the Company had incurred a liability related to a derailment at Wabamun Lake, Alberta. Over the last three years, this liability was adjusted for additional environmental and legal claims and reduced by payments made pursuant to the clean-up performed. At December 31, 2008, the majority of the clean-up work has been completed and the remaining costs are expected to be minimal. At December 31, 2008, the Company has an amount receivable for the remaining estimated recoveries from the Companys insurance carriers who covered substantially all expenses related to the derailment above the self-insured retention of $25 million, which was recorded in operating expenses in 2005.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 84

 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
At December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Companys provision for specific environmental sites was as follows:

In millions
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Balance January 1
  $ 111     $ 131     $ 124  
Accruals and other
    29       (1 )     17  
Payments
    (15 )     (19 )     (10 )
Balance December 31
  $ 125     $ 111     $ 131  

The Company anticipates that the majority of the liability at December 31, 2008 will be paid out over the next five years. However, some costs may be paid out over a longer period. No individual site is considered to be material. Based on the information currently available, the Company considers its provisions to be adequate.

Unknown existing environmental concerns

While the Company believes that it has identified the costs likely to be incurred for environmental matters in the next several years, based on known information, newly discovered facts, changes in law, the possibility of spills and releases of hazardous materials into the environment and the Companys ongoing efforts to identify potential environmental liabilities that may be associated with its properties may result in the identification of additional environmental liabilities and related costs. The magnitude of such additional liabilities and the costs of complying with future environmental laws and containing or remediating contamination cannot be reasonably estimated due to many factors, including:

(i)
the lack of specific technical information available with respect to many sites;

(ii)
the absence of any government authority, third-party orders, or claims with respect to particular sites;

(iii)
the potential for new or changed laws and regulations and for development of new remediation technologies and uncertainty regarding the timing of the work with respect to particular sites;

(iv)
the ability to recover costs from any third parties with respect to particular sites; and

therefore, the likelihood of any such costs being incurred or whether such costs would be material to the Company cannot be determined at this time. There can thus be no assurance that liabilities or costs related to environmental matters will not be incurred in the future, or will not have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial position or results of operations in a particular quarter or fiscal year, or that the Companys liquidity will not be adversely impacted by such liabilities or costs, although management believes, based on current information, that the costs to address environmental matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial condition or liquidity. Costs related to any unknown existing or future contamination will be accrued in the period in which they become probable and reasonably estimable.

Future occurrences

In railroad and related transportation operations, it is possible that derailments or other accidents, including spills and releases of hazardous materials, may occur that could cause harm to human health or to the environment. As a result, the Company may incur costs in the future, which may be material, to address any such harm, compliance with laws and other risks, including costs relating to the performance of clean-ups, payment of environmental penalties and remediation obligations, and damages relating to harm to individuals or property.

Regulatory compliance

The Company may incur significant capital and operating costs associated with environmental regulatory compliance and clean-up requirements, in its railroad operations and relating to its past and present ownership, operation or control of real property. Operating expenses amounted to $10 million in 2008 ($10 million in 2007 and $10 million in 2006). In addition, based on the results of its operations and maintenance programs, as well as ongoing environmental audits and other factors, the Company plans for specific capital improvements on an annual basis. Certain of these improvements help ensure facilities, such as fuelling stations and waste water and storm water treatment systems, comply with environmental standards and include new construction and the updating of existing systems and/or processes. Other capital expenditures relate to assessing and remediating certain impaired properties. The Companys environmental capital expenditures amounted to $9 million in 2008, $14 million in 2007 and $18 million in 2006. The Company expects to incur capital expenditures relating to environmental matters of approximately $17 million in 2009, $14 million in 2010 and $13 million in 2011.

E. Guarantees and indemnifications

In the normal course of business, the Company, including certain of its subsidiaries, enters into agreements that may involve providing certain guarantees or indemnifications to third parties and others, which may extend beyond the term of the agreement. These include, but are not limited to, residual value guarantees on operating leases, standby letters of credit and surety and other bonds, and indemnifications that are customary for the type of transaction or for the railway business.

The Company is required to recognize a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing certain guarantees on the date the guarantee is issued or modified. In addition, where the Company expects to make a payment in respect of a guarantee, a liability will be recognized to the extent that one has not yet been recognized.

(i) Guarantee of residual values of operating leases

The Company has guaranteed a portion of the residual values of certain of its assets under operating leases with expiry dates between 2009 and 2020, for the benefit of the lessor. If the fair value of the assets, at the end of their respective lease term, is less than the fair value, as estimated at the inception of the lease, then the Company must, under certain conditions, compensate the lessor for the shortfall. At December 31, 2008, the maximum exposure in respect of these guarantees was $164 million. There are no recourse provisions to recover any amounts from third parties.

(ii) Other guarantees

The Company, including certain of its subsidiaries, has granted irrevocable standby letters of credit and surety and other bonds, issued by highly rated financial institutions, to third parties to indemnify them in the event the Company does not perform its contractual obligations. As at December 31, 2008, the maximum potential liability under these guarantees was
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 85


 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
17  Major commitments and contingencies  (continued)
 
$500 million, of which $415 million was for workers’ compensation  and other em ployee benefits and $85 million was for equipment under  leases and other. During 2008, the Company has granted 
guarantees for  which no liability has been recorded, as they relate to the Companyfuture performance.
 
As at December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company had not recorded any additional liability with respect to these guarantees, as the  Company does not expect to make any additional 
payments associated with these guarantees. The majority of the guarantee instruments mature at various dates between 2009 and 2011.
 
(iii) General indemnifications
 
In the normal course of business, the Company has provided indemnifications, customary for the type of transaction or for the railway business, in various agreements with third parties, including indemnification provisions where the Company would be required to indemnify third parties and others. Indemnifications are found in various types of contracts with third parties which include, but are not limited to:
 
(a)
contracts granting the Company the right to use or enter upon property ownedby third parties such as leases, easements, trackage rights and sidetrack agreements;

(b)
contracts granting rights to others to use the Company's property, such asleases, licenses and easements;

(c)
contracts for the sale of assets and securitization of accounts receivable;

(d)
contracts for the acquisition of services;

(e)
financing agreements;

(f)
trust indentures, fiscal agency agreements, underwriting agreements orsimilar agreements relating to debt or equity securities of the Company and engagement agreements with financial dvisors;

(g)
transfer agent and registrar agreements in respect of the Company'ssecurities;

(h)
trust and other agreements relating to pension plans and other plans,including those establishing trust funds to secure payment to certain officers and senior employees of special retirement compensation arrangements;

(i)
pension transfer agreements;

(j)
master agreements with financial institutions governing derivativetransactions; and

(k)
settlement agreements with insurance companies or other third partieswhereby such insurer or third party has been indemnified for any present or future claims relating to insurance policies, incidents or events covered by the settlement agreements.
 
To the extent of any actual claims under these agreements, the Company maintains provisions for such items, which it considers to be adequate. Due to the nature of the indemnification clauses, the maximum exposure for future payments may be material. However, such exposure cannot be determined with certainty.
 
The Company has entered into various indemnification contracts with third parties for which the maximum exposure for future payments cannot be determined with certainty. As a result, the Company was unable to determine the fair value of these guarantees and accordingly, no liability was recorded. There are no recourse provisions to recover any amounts from third parties.
 
 
18  Financial instruments
 
A. Risk management
 
In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to various risks such as credit risk, commodity price risk, interest rate risk, foreign currency risk, and liquidity risk. To manage these risks, the Company follows a financial risk management framework, which is monitored and approved by the Company's Audit Committee, with a goal of maintaining a strong balance sheet, optimizing earnings per share and free cash flow, financing its operations at an optimal cost of capital and preserving its liquidity. The Company has limited involvement with derivative financial instruments in the management of its risks and does not use them for trading purposes. At December 31, 2008, the Company did not have any derivative financial instruments outstanding.
 
(i) Credit risk
 
In the normal course of business, the Company monitors the financial condition and credit limits of its customers and reviews the credit history of each new customer. Although the Company believes there are no significant concentrations of credit risk, the current economic conditions have affected the Company's customers and have thus resulted in an increase to the Company's credit risk. To manage its credit risk, the Company's focus is on keeping the average daily sales outstanding within an acceptable range, working with customers to ensure timely payments, and in certain cases, requiring financial security through letters of credit.
 
(ii) Fuel
 
The Company is exposed to commodity risk related to purchases of fuel and the potential reduction in net income due to increases in the price of diesel. The impact of variable fuel expense is mitigated substantially through the Company's fuel surcharge program which apportions incremental changes in fuel prices to shippers within agreed upon guidelines. While this program provides effective coverage, residual exposure remains given that fuel price risk cannot be completely mitigated due to timing and given the volatility in the market. As such, the Company may enter into derivative instruments to mitigate such risk when considered appropriate.
 
The Company had a hedging program which called for entering into swap positions on crude and heating oil to cover a target percentage of future fuel consumption up to two years in advance. However, no additional swap positions were entered into since September 2004. As such, the Company terminated this program in late 2006.
 
Since the changes in the fair value of the swap positions were highly correlated to changes in the price of fuel, the hedges were accounted for as cash flow hedges, whereby the effective portion of the cumulative change in the market value of the derivative instruments had been recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss.

 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 86

 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
During 2006, the Companys remaining swap positions matured and were settled. As a result, the related unrealized gains of $57 million, $39 million after-tax previously recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss were reclassified into income as realized gains. Total realized gains from the Companys fuel hedging activities, which were recorded as a reduction of fuel expense, were $64 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The Company did not recognize any material gains or losses in 2006 due to hedge ineffectiveness as the Companys derivative instruments were highly effective in hedging the changes in cash flows associated with forecasted purchases of diesel fuel.

(iii) Interest rate

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk, which is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will vary as a result of changes in market interest rates. Such risk exists in relation to the funded status of the Companys pension and postretirement plans and to its long-term debt. The Company mainly issues debt subject to fixed interest rates, which exposes the Company to variability in the fair value of the debt. The Company also issues debt with variable interest rates through commercial paper borrowing and capital leases, which exposes the Company to variability in interest expense. To manage its interest rate exposure, the Company manages its borrowings in line with liquidity needs, maturity schedule, currency and interest rate profile. In anticipation of future debt issuance, the Company may enter into forward rate agreements. The Company does not currently hold any derivative financial instruments to manage its interest rate risk. At December 31, 2008, Accumulated other comprehensive loss included an unamortized gain of $11 million, $8 million after-tax ($11 million, $8 million after-tax at December 31, 2007) relating to treasury lock transactions settled in 2004, which are being amortized over the term of the related debt.

(iv) Foreign currency

The Company conducts its business in both Canada and the U.S. and as a result, is affected by currency fluctuations. Changes in the exchange rate between the Canadian dollar and other currencies (including the U.S. dollar) make the goods transported by the Company more or less competitive in the world marketplace and thereby further affect the Companys revenues and expenses.

All of the Companys U.S. operations are self-contained foreign entities with the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. Accordingly, the U.S. operations assets and liabilities are translated into Canadian dollars at the rate in effect at the balance sheet date and the revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates during the year. All adjustments resulting from the translation of the foreign operations are recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss). For the purpose of minimizing volatility of earnings resulting from the conversion of U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt into the Canadian dollar, the Company designates the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt of the parent company as a foreign exchange hedge of its net investment in U.S. subsidiaries. As a result, from the dates of designation, unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses on the translation of the Companys U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss.
 
Occasionally, the Company enters into short-term foreign exchange contracts as part of its cash management strategy. At December 31, 2008, the Company did not have any foreign exchange contracts outstanding.

(v) Liquidity risk

The Company monitors and manages its cash requirements to ensure access to sufficient funds to meet operational and investing requirements. The Company pursues a solid financial policy framework with the goal of maintaining a strong balance sheet, by monitoring its adjusted debt-to-total capitalization and adjusted debt-to-adjusted earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) ratios, and preserving a strong credit rating to be able to maintain access to public financing.

The Companys principal source of liquidity is cash generated from operations, which is supplemented by its accounts receivable securitization program and its commercial paper program, to meet short-term liquidity needs. The Companys primary uses of funds are for working capital requirements, including income tax installments as they become due and pension contributions, contractual obligations, capital expenditures relating to track infrastructure and other, acquisitions, dividend payouts, and the repurchase of shares through the share buyback program. The Company sets priorities on its uses of available funds based on short-term operational requirements, expenditures to maintain a safe railway and strategic initiatives, while keeping in mind its long-term contractual obligations and returning value to its shareholders.

B. Fair value of financial instruments

Generally accepted accounting principles define the fair value of a financial instrument as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. The Company uses the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which the carrying amounts are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet under the following captions:

(i) Cash and cash equivalents, Accounts receivable, Other current assets, Accounts payable and other:

The carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.

(ii) Other assets:

Investments: The Company has various equity investments for which the carrying value approximates the fair value, with the exception of certain cost investments for which the fair value was estimated based on the Companys proportionate share of its net assets.

(iii) Long-term debt:

The fair value of the Companys long-term debt is estimated based on the quoted market prices for the same or similar debt instruments, as well as discounted cash flows using current interest rates for debt with similar terms, company rating, and remaining maturity.
 
 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 87


 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 

18  Financial instruments (continued)

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Companys financial instruments as at December 31, 2008 and 2007 for which the carrying values on the Consolidated Balance Sheet are different from their fair values:

In millions
 
December 31, 2008
   
December 31, 2007
 
   
Carrying
   
Fair
   
Carrying
   
Fair
 
   
amount
   
value
   
amount
   
value
 
Financial assets
                       
Investments
 
$24
   
$127
   
$24
   
$95
 
Financial liabilities
                       
Long-term debt (including current portion)
  $ 7,911     $ 8,301     $ 5,617     $ 5,850  
 
 
19  Accumulated other comprehensive loss
 
The components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows:
 
In millions 
December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
 
Unrealized foreign exchange loss
    $ (575 )   $ (762 )
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans
      412       723  
Derivative instruments
      8       8  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    $ (155  )   $
(31
)

The components of Other comprehensive income (loss) and the related tax effects are as follows:

In millions 
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss  Balance at January 1
  $ (31 )   $ (44 )   $ (222 )
Other comprehensive income (loss):
                       
Unrealized foreign exchange income (loss) (net of income tax (expense) recovery of $194, $(91) and $(197),
                       
for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively)
    187       (307 )     (198 )
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans (net of income tax (expense) recovery of $125, $(129) and nil,
                       
for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively) (Note 12)
    (311 )     320       1  
Derivative instruments (net of income tax recovery of nil, $1 and $18, for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively) (Note 18)
                (39 )
Other comprehensive income (loss)
    (124 )     13       (236 )
Adjustment to reflect the funded status of benefit plans (Note 2) :
                       
Net actuarial gain (net of income tax expense of $(200) for 2006)
                434  
Prior service cost (net of income tax recovery of $14 for 2006)
                (31 )
Reversal of minimum pension liability adjustment (net of income tax expense of $(6) for 2006)
                11  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss – Balance at December 31 
  $ (155 )   $ (31 )   $ (44 )
 
 
20  Comparative figures

Certain figures, previously reported in 2007 and 2006, have been reclassified to conform with the basis of presentation adopted in 2008.

 
U.S. GAAP
 Canadian National Railway Company
 88


 
Non-GAAP Measures unaudited



The Company makes reference to non-GAAP measures in this Annual Report that do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by U.S. GAAP and are, therefore, not necessarily comparable to similar measures presented by other companies and, as such, should not be considered in isolation. Management believes that non-GAAP measures such as adjusted net income and the resulting adjusted performance measures for such items as operating income, operating ratio and per share data are useful measures of performance that can facilitate period-to-period comparisons as they exclude items that do not arise as part of the normal day-to-day operations or that could potentially distort the analysis of trends in business performance. The exclusion of the specified items in the adjusted measures below do not, however, imply that such items are necessarily non-recurring. The Company also believes that free cash flow is a useful measure of performance as it demonstrates the Companys ability to generate cash after the payment of capital expenditures and dividends. Free cash flow does not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and therefore, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. The Company defines free cash flow as cash provided from operating activities, excluding changes in the accounts receivable securitization program and changes in cash and cash equivalents resulting from foreign exchange fluctuations, less cash used by investing activities and the payment of dividends. A reconciliation of the various non-GAAP measures presented in this Annual Report to their comparable U.S. GAAP measures is provided herein:

Reconciliation of adjusted performance measures 2008, 2007 and 2006
 
In millions, except per share data, or unless otherwise indicated
                             
Year ended December 31,
   
2008
               
2007
               
2006
       
   
Reported
   
Adjustments(1)
   
Adjusted
   
Reported
   
Adjustments(2)
   
Adjusted
   
Reported
   
Adjustments(3)
   
Adjusted
 
                                                                         
Revenues
  $ 8,482     $     $ 8,482     $ 7,897     $     $ 7,897     $ 7,929     $     $ 7,929  
Operating expenses
    5,588             5,588       5,021             5,021       4,899             4,899  
Operating income
    2,894             2,894       2,876             2,876       3,030             3,030  
                                                                         
Interest expense     (375           (375     (336           (336     (312           (312
Other income
    26             26       166       (153 )     13       11             11  
                                                                         
Income before income taxes
    2,545             2,545       2,706       (153 )     2,553       2,729             2,729  
Income tax expense
    (650     (117     (767     (548     (280     (828     (642     (277     (919
                                                                         
Net income
  $ 1,895     $ (117 )   $ 1,778     $ 2,158     $ (433 )   $ 1,725     $ 2,087     $ (277 )   $ 1,810  
                                                                         
Operating ratio
    65.9%               65.9%       63.6%               63.6%       61.8%               61.8%  
Diluted earnings per share
  $ 3.95     $ (0.24 )   $ 3.71     $ 4.25     $ (0.85 )   $ 3.40     $ 3.91     $ (0.51 )   $ 3.40  

(1)  
Adjusted to exclude a deferred income tax recovery of $117 million ($0.24 per diluted share), of which $83 million was due to the resolution of various income tax matters and adjustments related to tax filings of prior years, $23 million resulted from the enactment of corporate income tax rate changes in Canada and $11 million was due to net capital losses arising from the reorganization of a subsidiary.
 
(2)  
Adjusted to exclude a deferred income tax recovery of $328 million ($0.64 per diluted share) that resulted mainly from the enactment of corporate income tax rate changes in Canada, as well as the gains on sale of the Central Station Complex of $92 million, or $64 million after-tax ($0.13 per diluted share) and the Companys investment in English Welsh and Scottish Railway of $61 million, or $41 million after-tax ($0.08 per diluted share).
 
(3)  
Adjusted to exclude a deferred income tax recovery of $277 million ($0.51 per diluted share) that resulted primarily from the enactment of lower corporate income tax rates in Canada and the resolution of matters pertaining to prior years income taxes.

 
Free cash flow 2008 and 2007

In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2008
   
  2007 
 
                   
Cash provided from operating activities
    $
2,031
    $ 2,417   
Cash used by investing activities
      (1,400 )     (895 )
Cash provided before financing activities
      631       1,522  
                   
Adjustments:
                 
Change in accounts receivable securitization
      568       (228 )
Dividends paid
      (436 )     (418 )
Effect of foreign exchange fluctuations on U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents
      31       (48 )
                   
Free cash flow
    $ 794     $ 828  

 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 89


 
Corporate Governance

 
CN is committed to being a good corporate citizen. At CN, sound corporate citizenship touches nearly every aspect of what we do, from governance to business ethics, from safety to environmental protection. Central to this comprehensive approach is our strong belief that good corporate citizenship is simply good business.

CN has always recognized the importance of good governance. As it evolved from a Canadian institution to a North American publicly traded company, CN voluntarily followed certain corporate governance requirements that, as a company based in Canada, it was not technically compelled to follow. We continue to do so today. Since many of our peers and shareholders are based in the United States, we want to provide the same assurances of sound practices as our U.S. competitors.

Hence, we adopt and adhere to corporate governance practices that either meet or exceed applicable Canadian and U.S. corporate governance standards. As a Canadian reporting issuer with securities listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), CN complies with applicable rules adopted by the Canadian Securities Administrators and the rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission giving effect to the provisions of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
As a Canadian company, we are not required to comply with many of the NYSE corporate governance rules, and instead may comply with Canadian governance practices. However, except as summarized on our website (www.cn.ca/cngovernance), our governance practices comply with the NYSE corporate governance rules in all significant respects.

Consistent with the belief that ethical conduct goes beyond compliance and resides in a solid governance culture, the governance section on the CN website contains CNs Corporate Governance Manual (including the charters of our Board and of our Board committees) and CNs Code of Business Conduct. Printed versions of these documents are also available upon request to CNs Corporate Secretary.

Because it is important to CN to uphold the highest standards in corporate governance and that any potential or real wrongdoings be reported, CN has also adopted methods allowing employees and third parties to report accounting, auditing and other concerns, as more fully described on our website.

We are proud of our corporate governance practices. For more information on these practices, please refer to our website, as well as to our proxy circular mailed to our shareholders and also available on our website.
 

 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 90



 
2008 Presidents Awards for Excellence
 
Employees from across the company were recognized for outstanding achievement in 2008, with the Presidents Awards for Excellence. Their accomplishments in the five categories of Service, Cost Control, Asset Utilization, Safety and People made a real difference to CN.
 
Category: Service

Winner: Canpotex Team: Brent Ballingall, system manager, Aboriginal Affairs, Kamloops, British Columbia; Allen Foster, director of marketing, Calgary, Alberta; Lonny Kubas, senior manager, Bulk Commercial, Winnipeg, Manitoba; Gurpreet Khaira, Sales Director, Calgary, Alberta

This team demonstrated CNs value to Canpotex the marketer of Western Canada potash producers which resulted in it establishing an export potash facility using CN via the Port of Prince Rupert. When operational in 2012, the new facility will provide CN the opportunity for significant growth in carloads and revenues annually.

Winner: Metro International Aluminum Team: Bill Albritton, superintendent, Urbana, Illinois; Jim Binder, manager, Business Development and Real Estate, Urbana, Illinois; Troy Stobaugh, track supervisor, Pontiac, Michigan; Waldemar Wolosiewicz, engineer, Technical Services, Pontiac, Michigan

Michigan-based Metro International Trade Services urgently needed a local site to warehouse aluminum ingots. This team quickly identified the best facility, got the necessary redesign and construction work done and had it online in just three months. Their efforts resulted in substantial new revenue annually for CN.

Winner: Margy Haines-Hitchcock, account manager, Surrey, British Columbia

With a slumping forest products market, Margy devised a creative trade-off solution that benefits both CN and Tolko Industries, one of the companys largest customers, allowing CN to secure increased revenues.

Category: Cost Control

Winners: Charles Garret, manager, Risk Mitigation, Memphis, Tennessee; Fady Mansour, director, Financial Planning, Montreal

These two combined their strengths to ensure improved management of the asbestos claims process. Working together, the two developed and implemented a more effective strategy, resulting in dramatic savings over the last five years.

Winner: Cashflow Team: Gary Mackay, supply manager, Montreal; Michelle Pelletier, agent, Asset Sales, Rail Cars, Montreal; Sue Pike, senior agent, Supply Management; Graham Smart, senior manager, Track, Edmonton, Alberta

This team took the assignment of selling scrap rail, cars and locomotives to new levels in 2008, achieving record sales. Their diligent efforts resulted in a doubling of the 2007 figures, with a positive impact on cashflow, helping CN to meet and beat its target for 2008.

Category: Asset Utilization

Winner: CN 15016 Team: Rick Tracy, lead machinist, Homewood, Illinois; Joseph Whitmer, senior reliability specialist, Homewood, Illinois

Rick and Joseph worked for 18 months to develop a self-propelled geometry car. This bi-directional vehicle travels along the track, equipped with high-speed cameras and optical recognition software to detect possible flaws in joint bars that connect sections of rail. Testing of the car proved it to be a state of the art prototype which exceeded every expectation.

Winner: LDVR & Wi-Tronix Team: Randy Harris, manager, Projects, Homewood, Illinois; Robert Leblanc, senior manager, Operations, Edmonton, Alberta

In managing the purchase of digital cameras and Wi-Tronix technology for new locomotives, this team convinced two technology suppliers to join forces. The result is a system that reduces CNs risk exposure, with industry-leading capabilities for fleet performance monitoring and rapid response anywhere in North America.
 
Winner: Strategic I/M Sales Team, Concord, Ontario: Russ Perdue, account manager, Overseas Markets; Jonathan Wahba, business development manager, Intermodal

By forging relationships with Fortune 500 companies and steamship line customers, this team has secured tens of millions of dollars of new business for CN since 2007. Using an original technique, they have helped to sell a range of products that go beyond intermodal business, creating platforms for future growth in entirely new areas.

Category: Safety

Winner: Dan Regnier, boom truck operator, Scotford, Alberta

Dan came to the rescue of an elderly gentleman who was stuck while attempting to cross a railway track as a train approached. Dan was working nearby and ran over to carry the man to safety, saving the mans life.

Winner: MacMillan Yard Mechanical Team, Concord, Ontario: Scott Chappell, mechanical supervisor; Frank Lafarciola, senior mechanical supervisor; Peter Malenfant, car mechanic

This team came up with a forklift design that virtually eliminates all manual handling and lifting of a 250-pound knuckle replacement assembly. Their solution minimizes the risk of injury, replacing an unwieldy process used previously.

Winner: CN Dangerous Goods Team: Bill Danks, dangerous goods officer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Bob Kirnan, system manager, Dangerous Goods, Montreal; Lee Nelson, dangerous goods officer, Stevens Point, Wisconsin; Greg Palmer, dangerous goods officer, Pontiac, Michigan

These team members helped develop a groundbreaking outreach program that went on to win two prestigious safety awards. The program known as REACT (for Responder Education Assistance and Certification Training) is designed to train emergency responders in rural areas on how to deal with incidents involving dangerous goods.

Category: People

Winner: CNRPA 2008 Negotiation Team: Kelly Brown, Constable and CNRPA National President, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Denis Laurendeau, manager, Human Resources, Montreal; Gerry St-George, Constable and CNRPA National Vice-President, Brampton; Régent St-Hilaire, manager, Administration, Montreal

The 2008 CN-CNRPA (Canadian National Railways Police Association) negotiation team concluded a “win-win” collective agreement, well in advance of the expiration of the previous contract. The teams dedication, willingness to think “out of the box,” find workable solutions and foster a better relationship, all contributed to this success.

Special Award Terminal of the Year

Winner: Memphis Terminal Team, Memphis, Tennessee

During a complete refurbishment of their yard in 2008, the Memphis team had to learn the new system while ensuring they kept the trains moving on time. Working together, the team of 400 people maintained service, controlled costs with a 50 per cent reduction in overtime, increased fluidity and car velocity through better use of assets while putting extra focus on construction-related safety.
 
 
 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 91


 
Board of Directors

(As at December 31, 2008)



 
       
 
David G.A. McLean, O.B.C., LL.D.
E. Hunter Harrison, LL.D.
Michael R. Armellino, CFA
 
Chairman of the Board
President and
Retired Partner
 
Canadian National Railway Company
Chief Executive Officer
The Goldman Sachs Group, LP
 
Chairman of the Board and
Canadian National Railway Company
Committees: 1, 2, 7*, 8
 
Chief Executive Officer
Committees: 4*, 7
 
 
The McLean Group
   
 
Committees: 3*, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
   


 
       
James K. Gray, O.C., A.O.E., LL.D.
Edith E. Holiday
V. Maureen Kempston Darkes,
Robert H. Lee, C.M., O.B.C., LL.D.
Corporate Director
Corporate Director and Trustee
O.C., D.Comm., LL.D.
Chairman
Former Chairman and
Former General Counsel
Group Vice-President
Prospero Group of Companies
Chief Executive Officer
United States Treasury Department
General Motors Corporation
Committees: 1, 2, 7, 8
Canadian Hunter Exploration Ltd.
Secretary of the Cabinet
President
 
Committees: 3, 5, 6, 7, 8
The White House
GM Latin America, Africa
 
 
Committees: 3, 5, 6, 7, 8
and Middle East
 
   
Committees: 2, 5, 7, 8
 


 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 92


 
       
A. Charles Baillie, O.C., LL.D.
Hugh J. Bolton, FCA
 J.V. Raymond Cyr, O.C., LL.D. Ambassador Gordon D. Giffin
Former Chairman and Chairman of the Board  Chairman of the Board Senior Partner
Chief Executive Officer EPCOR Utilities Inc.  PolyValor Inc. McKenna Long & Aldridge
The Toronto-Dominion Bank Committees: 1, 3, 6, 7  Committees: 3, 5*, 7, 8
Committees: 2, 5, 6, 7
Committees: 1, 2*, 6, 7    (Retired January 2009)  
       
       
       
       
       
Directors Emeritus
Purdy Crawford
Cedric Ritchie
       
The Honourable
The Honourable
Robert Pace
Committees:
Denis Losier, P.C., LL.D.
Edward C. Lumley, P.C., LL.D.
President and
1  Audit
President and
Vice-Chairman
Chief Executive Officer
2  Finance
Chief Executive Officer
BMO Capital Markets
The Pace Group
3  Corporate governance and nominating
Assumption Life
Committees: 2, 5, 6, 7, 8*
Committees: 1, 3, 6*, 7, 8
4  Donations
Committees: 1*, 3, 7, 8
    5  Environment, safety and security
      6  Human resources and compensation
      7  Strategic planning
      8  Investment
       
     
* denotes chairman of the committee


 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 93



 
Chairman of the Board and Select Senior Officers of the Company (As at December 31, 2008)








David G.A. McLean
Russell Hiscock
Sean Finn
Claude Mongeau
Chairman of the Board
President and
Executive Vice-President
Executive Vice-President and
 
Chief Executive Officer
Corporate Services and
Chief Financial Officer
 
CN Investment Division
Chief Legal Officer
 
E. Hunter Harrison
     
President and
   
Robert E. Noorigian
Chief Executive Officer
Mike Cory
James M. Foote
Vice-President
 
Senior Vice-President
Executive Vice-President
Investor Relations
 
Eastern Region
Sales and Marketing
 
 
 
 
Jean-Jacques Ruest
 
Keith E. Creel
Fred R. Grigsby*
Senior Vice-President
 
Executive Vice-President
Senior Vice-President and
Marketing
 
Operations
Chief Information Officer
 
     
Gordon T. Trafton
 
Sameh Fahmy
Stan Jablonski
Senior Vice-President
 
Senior Vice-President
Senior Vice-President
Southern Region
 
Engineering, Mechanical and
Sales
 
 
Supply Management
   
     
Jim Vena
     
Senior Vice-President
     
Western Region
       
       
   
*Mr. Grigsby retired in February 2009.
 


 
 Canadian National Railway Company
 94


 
Shareholder and investor information
 
 

Annual meeting
 
Stock exchanges
     
The annual meeting of shareholders will be held
CN common shares are listed on the Toronto and
at 9:00 am (Mountain time) on April 21, 2009 at:
 
New York stock exchanges.
     
The Fairmont Palliser
 
Ticker symbols:
Crystal Ballroom, Lobby Level
 
CNR (Toronto Stock Exchange)
133 9th Avenue SW
 
CNI (New York Stock Exchange)
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
   
     
Investor relations
       
Annual information form
 
Robert Noorigian
   
Vice-President, Investor Relations
The annual information form may be obtained by writing to:
 
Telephone: (514) 399-0052
     
The Corporate Secretary
 
Shareholder services
Canadian National Railway Company
 
935 de La Gauchetière Street West
 
Shareholders having inquiries concerning their shares
Montreal, Quebec H3B 2M9
 
or wishing to obtain information about CN should contact:
   
 
     
Computershare Trust Company of Canada
Transfer agent and registrar
 
Shareholder Services
Computershare Trust
Computershare Trust
 
100 University Avenue, 9th Floor
Company of Canada
Company, N.A.
 
Toronto, Ontario M5J 2Y1
Offices in:
 
 
Telephone: 1-800-564-6253
Montreal, QC; Toronto, ON;
Offices in:
 
 
Calgary, AB; Vancouver, BC
Golden, CO
   
     
Head office
Telephone: 1-800-564-6253
   
 
www.computershare.com
   
Canadian National Railway Company
     
935 de La Gauchetière Street West
     
Montreal, Quebec H3B 2M9
Dividend payment options
 
P.O. Box 8100
   
Montreal, Quebec H3C 3N4
Shareholders wishing to receive dividends by Direct Deposit or in
 
 
U.S. dollars may obtain detailed information by communicating with:
   
     
Computershare Trust Company of Canada
   
Telephone: 1-800-564-6253
   
     
Additional copies of this report are
 
La version française du présent rapport
available from:
 
est disponible à l'adresse suivante:
       
CN Public Affairs
   
Affaires publiques CN
       
935 de La Gauchetière Street West
   
935, rue de La Gauchetière Ouest
Montreal, Quebec H3B 2M9
   
Montréal (Québec) H3B 2M9
Telephone: 1-888-888-5909
   
phone : 1-888-888-5909
Email: contact@cn.ca
   
Courriel : contact@cn.ca



 
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This report has been printed on FSC paper.