UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001
Commission File Number 1-13832
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Bermuda N/A
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organisation) Identification No.)
Richmond House, 12 Par-la-Ville Road, Hamilton NM08, Bermuda
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
Telephone: (441) 292-7731
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered
------------------- -----------------------------------------
7.0% Senior Notes due 2008 New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. [X]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [X]
The registrant meets the conditions set out in General Instruction I(1)(a)
and (b) of Form 10-K and is therefore filing this form with reduced disclosure
format.
The number of registrant's ordinary shares ($1.00 par value) outstanding as
of March 28, 2002 was 12,000.
1
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
INDEX TO FORM 10-K
Page
PART I
Item 1. Business 3
Item 2. Properties 8
Item 3. Legal Proceedings 8
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders (1) -
PART II
Item 5. Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Shareholder Matters 9
Item 6. Selected Financial Data for the five years ended December 31, 2001 (2) -
Item 7. Management's Narrative Analysis of Results of Operations (2) 9
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk 12
Item 8. Financial Statements 14
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 43
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant (1) -
Item 11. Executive Compensation (1) -
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management (1) -
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions (1) -
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K 43
Index to Exhibits 47
(1) Omitted pursuant to General Instruction I(2)(c) of Form 10-K
(2) Omitted or reduced pursuant to General Instruction I(2)(a) of Form 10-K
2
PART I
ITEM 1 - BUSINESS
Safe Harbor Statement
This is a Safe Harbor statement under the Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995. Certain statements contained herein are forward-looking
statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements may
be identified by the use of terms such as believes, expects, estimates, may,
intends, plans, will, should or anticipates or the negative thereof or similar
expressions, or by discussions of strategy. The Company has based the
forward-looking statement on current expectations and projections about future
events. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and
assumptions about the Company, including:
- uncertainties and changes in government policy, regulatory policy,
statutory law or case law with respect to the Company, brokers or customers
which can impede the Company's ability to charge adequate rates and
efficiently allocate capital;
- the amount and nature of competition in the insurance industry and the
amount of capital within the industry and alternative risk transfer
markets;
- the occurrence of man-made or natural catastrophic events;
- assumptions about the impact of events of September 11, 2001, such as the
number of insureds and reinsureds affected by the events, the amount and
timing of losses incurred and reported and questions of how coverage
applies;
- the occurrence of additional terrorist activities;
- the occurrence of significant changes in products or adverse changes in
insurance and financial market conditions;
- changing legal and social trends and the inherent uncertainties of the
reserving process;
- loss of the services of any of the Company's executive officers;
- initiatives underway to re-organize business units and to evaluate
reinsurance programmes and exposures that could lead to additional changes
and expense;
- assumptions about future profitability and that the Company will make
steady progress towards underwriting profitability;
- the impact of tax laws on the Company's subsidiaries;
- changing rates of inflation and other economic conditions;
- losses due to foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate
fluctuations;
- ability to collect reinsurance recoverables;
- changes in the availability, cost or quality of reinsurance;
- developments in domestic and international financial markets that could
affect the Company's investment portfolios;
- changes in assigned financial strength or debt ratings;
- changes in the distribution or placement of risks due to increased
consolidation of insurance and reinsurance brokers; and
- the effects of mergers, acquisitions and divestitures.
The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any
forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future
events or otherwise. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the
forward-looking events discussed herein might not occur. Readers are cautioned
not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only
as of their dates.
3
Overview of the Company
All references to the "Company" are to Terra Nova (Bermuda) Holdings Ltd.
and all of its direct and indirect subsidiaries, including Markel International
Limited ("Markel International"), Terra Nova Insurance Company Limited ("Terra
Nova"), Terra Nova (Bermuda) Insurance Company Ltd. ("Terra Nova (Bermuda)"),
Compagnie de Reassurance d'Ile de France ("Corifrance"), Markel Syndicate
Management Limited ("Markel Syndicate Management") and Markel Capital Limited
("Markel Capital").
On March 24, 2000, the Company was acquired by Markel Corporation
("Markel") for total consideration of approximately $658 million. Markel issued
approximately 1.75 million common shares and contingent value rights and paid
approximately $325 million in cash to the Company's shareholders in the
transaction. At the date of acquisition the Company's $175 million of debt
remained outstanding.
The Company writes specialty property, casualty, marine and aviation
insurance on a direct and reinsurance basis. Business is written world-wide with
the majority coming from the United Kingdom and the United States. The Company
has a strong presence in the London Insurance Market through Terra Nova and its
participation through Markel Capital in four Lloyd's syndicates managed by
Markel Syndicate Management. For 2002 a new syndicate, named Markel Syndicate
3000, has been formed which will consolidate business previously written in
these Lloyd's syndicates. Consolidating the Lloyd's operations into one
syndicate should provide cost reductions and allow more efficient capital
allocation.
On January 1, 2002 the Company realigned its underwriting operations along
product lines and customers into six underwriting centres as follows:
- Aviation
- Marine and Energy
- Non-Marine Property
- Professional Liability
- Retail Professional Liability
- Reinsurance and Accident
This new structure aligns operations so that specialised underwriting
talent is more focused on customer needs and eliminates duplication that existed
between underwriting areas. The six new underwriting centres will have the
ability to write business in Terra Nova or Markel Syndicate 3000.
Terra Nova
Terra Nova is authorized in the United Kingdom to transact all classes of
insurance business and underwrites business on both a direct and reinsurance
basis covering property, casualty, accident and health and marine risks. Terra
Nova's business is written internationally with approximately 57% of its
writings coming from the United States. In addition, Terra Nova writes excess
and surplus lines property and automobile physical damages coverages in the
United States. Coverage is also provided for crop, boiler and machinery, credit,
surety, political risks exposure, theft, fidelity and crime as well as other
miscellaneous lines such as contingency.
Property treaty reinsurance includes excess of loss, stop loss, aggregate
excess and proportional coverage. A significant proportion of Terra Nova's
excess of loss catastrophe and per risk treaty business comes from the United
States and loss exposure is balanced by widely spread international property
treaties.
Terra Nova's casualty account includes treaty reinsurance for errors and
omissions, directors and officers, medical malpractice and general liability
risks, as well as excess and surplus lines liability coverages often written in
conjunction with property risks. Professional groups covered include architects,
engineers, accountants, lawyers and insurance intermediaries.
Terra Nova's marine book includes specie, cargo and professional indemnity
coverages.
4
Terra Nova is approved to underwrite excess and surplus lines insurance in
almost every state of the United States and has also gained accreditation in
various states under statutes providing for accreditation of non-U.S.
reinsurers. As at March 28, 2002, Terra Nova was accredited as a reinsurer in
forty-eight jurisdictions of the United States. Terra Nova is also licensed to
transact non-marine reinsurance in Canada through its branch office in Toronto.
Markel Capital
Through Markel Capital, the Company participates in the Lloyd's syndicates
managed by Markel Syndicate Management. For the 2001 underwriting year, Markel
Syndicate Management managed four syndicates. As of January 1, 2002, the Company
consolidated its syndicates at Lloyd's into one syndicate and re-organized all
underwriting units by product area.
The Markel Syndicate Management syndicates for the 2001 underwriting year were
as follows:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syndicate 2001
number gross written Products
premiums
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Amount in millions)
702 $217 Professional indemnity, directors and officers
liability, legal expenses and crime, kidnap
and ransom, commercial property and general
liability coverages
1009 $196 Energy, liability, hull, war, specie, cargo,
excess of loss, onshore property, aviation
hull liability, aviation products and ground
liability
1228 $ 27 Commercial auto in U.K.
1239 $100 Property, financial institutions, casualty,
personal accident, contingency
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Terra Nova (Bermuda)
Terra Nova (Bermuda) ceased accepting new business on April 2, 2000. The
decision followed completion of the Company's acquisition by Markel and
reflected a detailed review of all the Company's entities and their strategic
importance within the enlarged Markel Group.
Corifrance
Corifrance is a French reinsurance company based in Paris. Corifrance
transacts specialty treaty and facultative reinsurance business internationally,
mainly outside the U.S., on a direct and brokered basis. Corifrance is included
in Other as part of the segmental reporting as it is a non-strategic insurance
subsidiary.
Business Segments
The Company had three operating segments: the London Company Market, the
Lloyd's Market and Investing. All investing activities are included in the
Investing operating segment. Discontinued programs and non-strategic insurance
subsidiaries are included in Other for purposes of segmental reporting.
The London Company Market consists of the operations of Terra Nova, the
Lloyd's Market includes Markel Capital. Non-marine Syndicate 702, marine
Syndicate 1009, the continuing programs of motor Syndicate 1228 and non-marine
Syndicate 1239 are included in the Lloyd's Market segment. Marine Syndicate 329,
motor Syndicate 554, aviation Syndicate 959, non-marine Syndicate 1227 and the
discontinued programs of motor Syndicate 1228 are included in Other as they are
discontinued lines of business.
5
The Company's mix of business by business segment is set out in the table
below.
Year ended December 31, 2001
---------------------------------------
Gross written premiums Amount % of total
(dollars in millions)
---------------------------------------
London Company Market $175.7 22.8
Lloyd's Market 540.2 70.2
Other 54.1 7.0
--------------- ---------------
Total $770.0 100.0
--------------- ---------------
Direct business $618.1 80.3
Reinsurance assumed 151.9 19.7
--------------- ---------------
Total $770.0 100.0
=============== ===============
Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves
General
The Company maintains reserves for specific claims incurred and reported,
reserves for claims incurred but not reported and reserves for uncollectible
reinsurance. Reserves for reported claims are based primarily on case-by-case
evaluations of the claims and their potential for adverse development. Reserves
for reported claims consider the Company's estimate of the ultimate cost to
settle the claims, including investigation and defense of lawsuits resulting
from the claims, and may be subject to adjustment for differences between costs
originally estimated and costs subsequently re-estimated or incurred.
U.S. GAAP requires that reserves for claims incurred but not reported be
based on the estimated ultimate cost of settling claims, including the effects
of inflation and other social and economic factors, using past experience
adjusted for current trends and any other factors that would modify past
experience. The Company also evaluates and adjusts reserves for uncollectible
reinsurance in accordance with its collection experience, consideration of the
financial condition of its reinsurers and the development of the gross reserves.
Ultimate liability may be greater or less than current reserves. In the
insurance industry, there is always the risk that reserves may prove inadequate.
Reserves are continually monitored by the Company using new information on
reported claims and a variety of statistical techniques. Anticipated inflation
is reflected implicitly in the reserving process through analysis of cost trends
and the review of historical development. The Company does not discount its
reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses to reflect estimated present
value.
The following table shows the development of net reserves for losses and
LAE for the calendar years 1991 to 2001 for all lines of business. The first
line of the table presents the net reserves, including IBNR, as recorded in the
Company's balance sheet for the indicated year and all unpaid losses for prior
years. The upper portion of the table shows the reserve re-estimated at the end
of each of the succeeding years. The conditions that have caused the
deficiencies are referred to below and may not be indicative of future
developments.
The re-estimated reserves are increased or decreased as more information
becomes available about the severity and frequency of claims for individual
years. An adjustment to the carrying value of unpaid claims for a prior year
will also be reflected in the adjustments for later years. For example, an
adjustment to 1991 loss reserves in 2001 will show in the re-estimation of
reserves for the years 1991 through 2000. A redundancy (or deficiency) arises
when the re-estimation of reserves at the end of the year is less (or more) than
the estimate at the preceding year-end. The redundancy (or deficiency) is
recorded in the income statement of that year. The cumulative redundancy (or
deficiency) is the difference between the re-estimation of reserves as at the
end of 2001 and the original estimate as shown on the top line of the table. The
lower portion of the table shows the cumulative amounts paid at the end of each
successive year for such claims.
6
Analysis of Net Loss and LAE Reserve Development
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year ended December 31,
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(dollars in millions) 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Reserves for unpaid losses and
LAE at December 31 $724.9 $784.5 $775.6 $847.3 $814.2 $824.0 $911.0 $982.9 $1,063.5 $1,081.9 $1,219.4
Reserve re-estimated (1) as of:
One year later 761.0 806.9 802.5 850.1 811.6 813.6 886.0 938.4 1,108.4 1,195.9
Two years later 773.7 821.5 810.5 850.1 793.0 793.0 800.7 880.6 1,192.0
Three years later 780.5 829.0 810.7 832.9 777.8 716.7 689.9 916.5
Four years later 792.4 829.8 800.7 812.8 703.2 662.9 715.8
Five years later 793.5 816.5 784.7 739.7 643.6 686.6
Six years later 776.6 800.5 719.3 692.6 671.6
Seven years later 760.2 738.2 622.9 720.7
Eight years later 699.3 702.7 650.6
Nine years later 695.1 730.4
Ten years later 722.5
Cumulative redundancy
(deficiency) 2.4 54.1 125.0 126.6 142.6 137.4 195.2 66.4 (128.5) (114.0)
As a percentage of
unpaid losses and LAE 0.3% 6.9% 16.1% 14.9% 17.5% 16.7% 21.4% 6.8% (12.1%) (10.5%)
Paid (cumulative) as of:
One year later 119.3 143.8 151.8 168.8 123.4 145.7 187.6 245.3 372.9 338.2
Two years later 228.2 268.3 259.0 253.6 227.6 241.6 303.7 372.2 541.6
Three years later 316.1 350.8 311.8 327.8 293.0 301.7 328.7 503.2
Four years later 379.9 383.8 368.8 380.7 336.8 371.1 375.3
Five years later 402.5 426.8 405.8 416.6 383.7 410.8
Six years later 438.3 457.7 433.7 455.1 435.0
Seven years later 464.0 483.1 422.5 502.3
Eight years later 487.9 514.3 443.8
Nine years later 517.2 533.6
Ten years later 535.1
The following table represents an analysis of gross loss and LAE reserve
development for the years indicated:
Analysis of Gross Loss and LAE Reserve Development
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year ended December 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(dollars in millions) 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Gross reserves for unpaid losses and LAE $1,238.8 $1,223.8 $1,168.7 $1,078.2 $1,157.7 $1,209.0 $1,410.0 $1,671.7 $2,172.6
Reinsurance recoveries on unpaid losses
and LAE 463.2 376.5 354.5 254.1 246.7 226.1 346.5 589.9 953.2
Gross reserves re-estimated (1) as of:
One year later 1,332.8 1,310.2 1,174.8 1,067.0 1,142.5 1,207.1 1,655.5 2,054.7
Two years later 1,428.9 1,319.9 1,168.4 1,058.6 1,071.3 1,282.9 1,950.0
Three years later 1,428.0 1,311.2 1,150.6 989.1 1,050.1 1,391.8
Four years later 1,431.3 1,291.4 1,081.4 929.5 1,145.3
Five years later 1,428.4 1,223.9 1,016.0 1,020.1
Six years later 1,368.4 1,171.2 1,102.0
Seven years later 1,272.0 1,254.1
Eight years later 1,353.5
Reinsurance recoveries on unpaid
losses and LAE re-estimated (2) as of:
One year later 530.3 460.1 363.2 253.4 260.9 268.7 547.1 858.8
Two years later 618.4 469.9 370.1 264.1 270.6 402.5 758.0
Three years later 617.3 478.3 372.8 272.4 360.3 475.3
Four years later 630.6 478.7 378.2 266.6 429.5
Five years later 643.6 484.2 372.4 333.5
Six years later 649.1 478.6 430.4
Seven years later 649.1 533.4
Eight years later 702.9
Gross cumulative (deficiency) redundancy (114.7) (30.3) 66.7 58.1 12.4 (182.8) (540.0) (383.0)
As a percentage of unpaid losses and LAE (9.3%) (2.5%) 5.7% 5.4% 1.1% (15.1%) (38.3%) (22.9%)
Gross paid (cumulative) as of:
One year later 303.9 290.6 229.7 179.6 246.3 251.8 533.7 551.9
Two years later 517.9 479.8 364.4 328.0 403.0 552.4 821.8
Three years later 679.3 576.4 477.2 418.7 524.7 735.2
Four years later 752.5 672.3 550.2 496.9 591.2
Five years later 829.2 730.9 618.9 558.9
Six years later 884.3 796.7 689.7
Seven years later 934.8 862.4
Eight years later 974.2
(1) "Reserves re-estimated" includes losses paid in current and prior years.
(2) "Reinsurance recoveries on unpaid losses" includes reinsurance recoveries
received in current and prior years.
7
The adverse prior year development of $114.0 million in 2001 is partially
offset by increases to prior year net written and net earned premiums of $25.3
million. When these revisions to prior year written and earned premiums are
considered, the Company experienced a net prior year adverse development of
$88.7 million. This increase in the 2000 and prior year incurred losses was
primarily due to reserve strengthening for asbestos exposures ($20.0 million),
reserve strengthening of the Company's discontinued world-wide motor program
($39.0 million) and an allowance for non-collectable reinsurance recoverables
($30.0 million).
See note 9 of the notes to consolidated financial statements for a
discussion of estimates and assumptions related to the reserves for losses and
loss adjustment expenses.
Regulation of the Company
The Company's insurance subsidiaries are subject to regulation and
supervision by the insurance regulatory authorities of the various jurisdictions
in which they conduct business. Regulation is intended for the benefit of
policyholders rather than shareholders. For information regarding the Company's
ability to receive dividends from its subsidiaries and for information about
pledged assets, see note 15 and note 3, respectively, of the notes to
consolidated financial statements.
Investments
The Company's business philosophy clearly recognizes the importance of both
underwriting profits and superior investment returns to build shareholder value.
The Company relies on sound underwriting practices to produce investable funds
while minimizing underwriting risk. The Company's objective is to aim to have
approximately three quarters of the Company's investable assets come from
premiums paid by policyholders. Policyholder funds are invested predominantly in
high-quality corporate, government and municipal bonds with relatively short
durations. The balance, comprised of shareholder funds, is available to be
invested in equity securities, which over the long run, have produced higher
returns relative to fixed income investments. The Company seeks to invest in
companies with the potential for appreciation and holds these investments over
the long term. Officers of the Company manage the investment portfolio.
ITEM 2 - PROPERTIES
For information regarding the Company's future minimum property lease
commitments see note 11 of the notes to consolidated financial statements.
ITEM 3 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See note 11 of the notes to consolidated financial statements for a
description of legal proceedings.
8
PART II
ITEM 5 - MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED
SHAREHOLDER MATTERS
On March 24, 2000, all of the Company's shares were acquired by Markel
Corporation. There is no established public trading market for the Company's
common shares.
During the third quarter of 2001, Markel Corporation caused a reduction in
the issued and authorized share capital of the Company and a subdivision of the
remaining share capital resulting in the authorized and issued share capital of
the Company being $12,000 divided into 12,000 Class A ordinary shares of $1.00
par value each.
ITEM 7 - MANAGEMENT'S NARRATIVE ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Business Operations
The following discussion addresses the principal factors affecting the
operations of the Company.
The Company's premiums by segment for the years ended December 31, 2001 and
2000, and the combined ratio are set out in the following table:
Year ended December 31,
-----------------------------------------------------------
2001 2000
Amount Percent Amount Percent
(dollars in thousands)
-----------------------------------------------------------
Gross written premiums
London Company Market $175,653 22.8% $180,709 25.6%
Lloyd's Market 540,173 70.2 397,738 56.4
Other 54,145 7.0 126,958 18.0
---------- --------- ---------- ---------
Total $769,971 100.0% $705,405 100.0%
========== ========= ========== =========
Net written premiums
London Company Market $138,297 28.4% $150,213 27.6%
Lloyd's Market 316,563 65.1 310,597 57.0
Other 31,532 6.5 84,084 15.4
---------- --------- ---------- ---------
Total $486,392 100.0% $544,894 100.0%
========== ========= ========== =========
Net earned premiums
London Company Market $141,646 26.2% $186,655 30.9%
Lloyd's Market 302,250 56.0 248,213 41.1
Other 96,020 17.8 168,671 28.0
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Total $539,916 100.0% $603,539 100.0%
========== ========== ========== =========
Combined ratio *
Loss ratio (including LAE) 104.7% 91.5%
Expense ratio 42.7 42.3
--------- ---------
Combined ratio 147.4% 133.8%
========= =========
* The US GAAP combined ratio measures the relationship of incurred losses, loss
adjustment expenses and underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses to
earned premiums.
9
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2001 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2000
Gross written premiums increased by 9.2% to $770.0 million in 2001 from
$705.4 million in 2000. This increase arose mainly at the Lloyd's Market where
gross premiums increased to $540.2 million in 2001 from $397.7 million,
primarily due to increases in the Company's participation in its syndicates to
100% and the re-estimation of prior years' estimated written premiums. In
addition, from late 2001, gross premiums increased due to higher prices and
submissions in the professional indemnity, war and aviation programs.
The increase at the Lloyd's Market was partially offset by decreases at both
the London Company Market and the Other discontinued programs. The decrease in
gross written premiums at the London Company Market to $175.7 million in 2001
from $180.7 million in 2000 was predominantly the result of Terra Nova reducing
its writings due to the non-renewal of unprofitable business. In line with the
Company's philosophy to focus on underwriting profitability, writings on the
casualty account (professional indemnity business) and marine account have also
reduced in 2001, compared to 2000.
During 2001, premium rates began to increase in the London Insurance Market.
The events of September 11, 2001 had a profound impact on the insurance market.
Demand for insurance products to manage risks has increased while the insurance
financial and underwriting capacity has decreased. The Company anticipates that
the London Insurance Markets will continue to tighten and provide a favourable
environment for growth in its operations. The Company does not intend to relax
underwriting standards in order to obtain premium volume. Premium volume may
vary significantly if the Company alters its product concentration to maintain
or improve underwriting profitability.
Subsequent to December 31, 2001, A.M. Best (Best) downgraded the financial
strength rating (FSR) of Terra Nova to "B++" (very good) from "A-" (excellent).
In addition on March 22, 2002, Standard & Poor's (S&P) reduced Terra Nova's FSR
to "BBB-" (good). Both actions were the result of the Company's underwriting
losses.
The Terra Nova downgrades by Best and S&P are expected to have a negative
impact on Terra Nova's ability to retain business. The Company will attempt to
retain business by moving premium writings to its Lloyd's operations or through
the use of other affiliated companies in the Markel group.
Net written premiums decreased 10.7% to $486.4 million in 2001 from $544.9
million in 2000. This decrease was primarily due to additional quota share
reinsurance in 2001 with certain insurance subsidiaries of Markel, as detailed
in note 12 of the notes to consolidated financial statements. The Company ceded
premiums of $71.3 million to these subsidiaries in 2001. In addition, the lower
retention rate in 2001 was due to the net reinstatement premiums payable on
World Trade Center losses. Net earned premiums decreased to $539.9 million in
2001 from $603.5 million in 2000, in line with the decrease in net written
premiums.
The underwriting loss increased to $256.2 million in 2001 from $203.8
million in 2000. The 2001 underwriting loss was primarily due to $177.0 million
of losses related to World Trade Center and other related events of September
11, 2001 (`WTC'), reserve strengthening and expense charges. In 2000, the
underwriting loss was primarily due to inadequate pricing and poor underwriting
controls on the discontinued lines and portions of the continued programs. In
addition the underwriting loss for 2000 included a $58.6 million non-recurring
charge relating to: 1) $36.5 million charge against deferred acquisition costs
due to poor experience on property business and certain marine, casualty and
auto lines; 2) $19.6 million of reserve strengthening required on marine,
property, casualty and auto accounts; and 3) a $2.5 million charge to record
liabilities under an operating lease.
As a consequence of the above the Company's combined ratio increased to
147.4% in 2001 compared to 133.8% in 2000. Excluding provisions (see table
below) established during 2001 the continuing programs combined ratio would have
been 111.2% for 2001. The Company's expense reductions have not kept pace with
planned premium reductions. Expense reduction initiatives include the
consolidation of the four syndicates at Lloyd's into one syndicate for 2002 and
planned reduction of brokerage commissions. In addition, the Company has reduced
its maximum insurance limits which should reduce future reinsurance costs and
collection risks. While management believes that expense reductions are
attainable, failure to do so would continue to have an adverse impact on the
Company's results of operations.
10
The table below provides an analysis of the $177.0 million of WTC losses,
prior year reserve strengthening and expense charges in 2001.
Year Ended December 31, 2001
Continuing Discontinued Total
-------------------------------------------------
(dollars in millions)
World Trade Center loss $65.3 $2.7 $68.0
Deferred policy acquisition costs 20.0 - 20.0
Asbestos exposures - 20.0 20.0
Allowance for reinsurance recoverables 5.0 25.0 30.0
Worldwide motor program - 39.0 39.0
-----------------------------------------------
$90.3 $86.7 $177.0
-----------------------------------------------
The Company's net WTC exposure was $68.0 million. Approximately $5.5 million
of estimated net losses were ceded to certain United States insurance
subsidiaries of the Company's parent, Markel Corporation. Further details of
this quota share arrangement are provided in note 12 of the notes to
consolidated financial statements. Before these cessions, the estimated WTC
losses were $73.5 million, net of approximately $248 million of reinsurance
recoverables. In addition to reported claims, the Company has used many loss
estimation techniques including detailed policy level reviews, the use of
catastrophe modeling software, direct contact with insureds and brokers and
sensitivity analysis to possible coverage scenarios in order to develop its
estimated WTC exposure. New information concerning potential losses and coverage
issues continues to emerge. While the Company believes that its WTC reserve is
adequate, adverse development is possible.
Upon renewal in early January 2002, the cost of the marine and energy
reinsurance program increased significantly. Based on these higher costs, the
Company determined that unearned premiums at December 31, 2001 for the unexpired
marine and energy risks in its Lloyd's Market segment were not adequate to cover
future losses, increased reinsurance costs and related deferred policy
acquisition costs. As a result the Company wrote off $20.0 million of deferred
policy acquisition costs in 2001.
Also late in 2001, the Company completed a comprehensive study of asbestos
exposures. The study included the use of London Market asbestos exposure experts
and the Company's internal and external actuaries. The study was completed using
a proprietary database, which contained exposure information about asbestos
claims submitted since inception to the London Market. The Company's
participation on these risks was then calculated. The Company believes that this
"ground up" approach is superior to methods previously used and as a result
increased the discontinued lines net asbestos reserves by $20.0 million.
Environmental and asbestos exposures are subject to significant uncertainty due
to potential severity and an uncertain legal climate. Environmental and asbestos
reserves could be subject to increases in the future. The Company's
environmental and asbestos reserves are not discounted to present value and are
forecasted to pay out over the next 50 years.
The Company also increased the allowance for reinsurance collection issues
by $30.0 million in 2001. This provision included anticipated bad debts
resulting from the asbestos reserve strengthening discussed above and provided
for strengthened reserves for financially weak reinsurers and collection
disputes with reinsurers. Approximately $5.0 million of the provision related to
continuing lines in the Lloyd's Market segment and the remaining $25.0 million
related to discontinued lines. The Company has begun to implement policies to
reduce reliance on reinsurance in the future. Deterioration in the credit
quality of existing reinsurers or disputes over the terms of reinsurance could
result in additional charges, which could have an adverse impact on the
Company's results of operations and financial condition.
The Company also strengthened reserves in 2001 by $39.0 million for its
discontinued worldwide motor program. The Company discontinued the worldwide
motor book of business shortly after the acquisition by Markel due to the
program's poor administrative controls, including delegation of underwriting and
claims authority to brokers around the world, and inadequate pricing. Late in
2001, the Company obtained additional information from brokers and performed
broker audits in order to reassess its potential exposure. Upon completion of
this review, the Company determined that reserve strengthening was required.
11
The Company had a pre-tax loss of $180.2 million in 2001 compared to
pre-tax loss of $144.7 million in 2000, and was primarily a result of the $256.2
million underwriting loss being partially offset by $76.1 million and $16.6
million of investment income and realized investment gains, respectively. The
post-tax loss was $121.2 million in 2001 compared to a post-tax loss of $132.3
million in 2000.
Shareholder's equity decreased by 39.3% to $169.2 million at December 31,
2001, compared to $278.7 million at December 31, 2000. The decrease of $109.5
million was primarily due to the net loss of $121.2 million and other
comprehensive losses of $1.9 million, partially offset by unrealized
appreciation of investments after tax of $13.6 million.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity pertains to a company's ability to meet the demand for cash
requirements of its business operations and financial obligations. The
Company's primary source of short-term liquidity is its portfolio of marketable
securities. In addition, the Company relies on financing provided by its parent
company to meet liquidity needs.
The Company's primary sources of liquidity during 2001 were net cash
provided from investing activities of $66.8 million and a $54.8 million loan
from Markel Corporation. The Company's operating activities used cash of
approximately $16.6 million. Details of the Company's contractual cash payment
obligations including long-term debt and long-term commitments are provided in
notes 11(b) and 13 in the notes to consolidated financial statements. See
note 3(a) for a discussion of the irrevocable letters of credit and cash and
securities held in trust or on deposit for benefit of policyholders or
reinsurers in the event of default by the Company on its obligations to pay
claims. The Company also has other contingencies, including contingencies
arising in the normal conduct of its operations. Details of management's
assessment of these additional contingencies are provided in note 11(a).
The Company believes that these sources are sufficient to meet its
liquidity needs in the foreseeable future.
ITEM 7A - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market risk is the risk of economic losses due to adverse changes in the
estimated fair value of a financial instrument as a result of changes in equity
prices, interest rates, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices. The
Company's consolidated balance sheets include assets and liabilities whose
estimated fair values are subject to market risk. The primary market risks to
the Company are equity price risk associated with investments in equity
securities, interest rate risk associated with investments in fixed maturities
and foreign exchange risk. The Company has no material commodity risk. Further
details of investments forming more than 10% of the Company's shareholder's
equity at December 31, 2001 are set out in note 3 of the notes to consolidated
financial statements.
Equity Price Risk
The Company does not ordinarily hedge its equity portfolio risk by
purchasing derivatives. In March 2000, the Company transferred the
responsibility for monitoring its equity portfolio to Markel Gayner Asset
Management, a subsidiary of Markel. This responsibility involves considering the
asset allocation of the portfolio in order to minimize the risk associated with
particular markets or industry sectors, while continuing to follow the Company's
long-term objective of growing its book value.
At December 31, 2001, the cost of the Company's equity security portfolio
was $81.9 million and the fair value was $104.4 million, compared to $70.8
million and $87.1 million, respectively, at December 31, 2000.
Interest Rate Risk
The Company's major market risk exposure is changing interest rates,
primarily in the United States. A change in interest rates would affect the fair
value of the Company's investments and could cause fluctuations in accumulated
other comprehensive income in the balance sheet. The Company manages this risk
by limiting the portfolio duration.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basis Point Movement
(dollars in millions, unless stated)
-200 pts -100 pts Zero +100 pts + 200 pts
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Movement in fair value of
fixed maturity portfolio
As of December 31, 2001 6.1% 2.9% 0.0% (2.8)% (5.5)%
As of December 31, 2000 7.7% 3.7% 0.0% (3.5)% (6.7)%
Movement after tax
As of December 31, 2001 $ 61.6 $ 29.8 $ 0.0 $(28.9) $(56.2)
As of December 31, 2000 $ 77.6 $ 37.4 $ 0.0 $(35.1) $(68.0)
Adjusted shareholder's equity
As of December 31, 2001 $ 230.8 $199.0 $169.2 $140.3 $113.0
As of December 31, 2000 $ 356.3 $316.1 $278.7 $243.6 $210.7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The matrix above shows the sensitivity of the Company's shareholder's
equity at December 31, 2001, and December 31, 2000, to movements in fixed
maturity valuations related to changes in interest rates. The aggregate
hypothetical reduction in net assets that would have resulted from a
hypothetical increase in yield of 100 basis points at December 31, 2001, is
$28.9 million. As a consequence, shareholder's equity at December 31, 2001,
would have been $140.3 million and the ratio of debt to debt plus equity would
have increased to 55.2% from 50.6% at December 31, 2001.
12
The Company's long-term debt is all at fixed rates. At December 31, 2000,
the Company's total outstanding indebtedness was $175 million, comprised of $75
million 7.2% Senior Notes due 2007 and $100 million 7.0% Senior Notes due 2008.
During 2001, Markel Capital repurchased $2.0 million of these Notes. At
December 31, 2001, the Company's total outstanding indebtedness was $173
million, comprised of $74 million 7.2% Senior Notes due 2007 and $99 million
7.0% Senior Notes due 2008. The estimated fair value of the $173 million debt at
December 31, 2001 was $161.4 million, and the estimated fair value of the $175
million debt at December 31, 2000 was $161.2 million.
Foreign Exchange Risk
The Company has foreign exchange risk on assets and liabilities. The
Company primarily manages this risk by matching assets to liabilities in each
foreign currency as closely as possible. At December 31, 2001, 64% of the
Company's investment portfolio was denominated in U.S. Dollars. At that date the
largest foreign currency exposure was U.K. Sterling. If Sterling assets and
liabilities had been mismatched by 10% at December 31, 2001, and the year end
Sterling/U.S. Dollar exchange rate had increased or decreased by 5%, the effect
on after tax earnings would have been approximately $1.4 million (2000: $1.3
million).
Impact of Inflation
Property and casualty insurance premiums are established before the amount
of losses and loss adjustment expenses, or the extent to which inflation may
affect such expenses, is known. Consequently, in establishing premiums, the
Company attempts to anticipate the potential impact of inflation. Inflation is
also considered by the Company in the determination and review of reserves for
losses and loss adjustment expenses since portions of these reserves are
expected to be paid over extended periods of time. The importance of continually
reviewing reserves is even more pronounced in periods of extreme inflation.
Impact of Accounting Standards
In July 2001 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (Statement) No. 141, Business
Combinations, and Statement No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.
Statement 141 requires the purchase method of accounting be used for all
business combinations and specifies criteria intangible assets acquired in a
business combination must meet to be recognized and reported apart from
goodwill. Statement 142 will require that goodwill and intangible assets with
indefinite useful lives no longer be amortized, but instead tested for
impairment at least annually. Statement 142 will also require that intangible
assets with definite useful lives be amortized over their respective estimated
useful lives to their estimated residual values, and reviewed for impairment.
The Company adopted the provisions of Statement 141 as of July 1, 2001 and
Statement 142 is effective January 1, 2002. Goodwill and intangible assets
acquired in business combinations completed before July 1, 2001 continued to be
amortized and tested for impairment during 2001. See note 19 for further
discussion of the Company's adoption of Statements 141 and 142.
13
ITEM 8 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Index Page
.. Report of Independent Accountants (KPMG Audit Plc) 15
.. Report of Independent Accountants (PricewaterhouseCoopers) 16
Audited Consolidated Financial Statements:
.. Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2001 and 2000 17
.. Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 18
.. Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the years ended December 31,
2001, 2000 and 1999 19
.. Consolidated Statements of Shareholder's Equity for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000
and 1999 20
.. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 21
.. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - including summarized consolidated
financial information of Markel International Limited as of December 31, 2001 and 2000 22
14
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS (KPMG Audit Plc)
To the Shareholder and Board of Directors of
Terra Nova (Bermuda) Holdings Ltd.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Terra Nova
(Bermuda) Holdings Ltd. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2001
and 2000, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive
(loss), shareholder's equity and cash flows for each of the years in the
two-year period ended December 31, 2001. In connection with our audits of the
consolidated financial statements, we have also audited the 2001 and 2000
financial statement schedules appearing under Item 14(a). These consolidated
financial statements and financial statement schedules are the responsibility of
the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our
audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally
accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Terra Nova
(Bermuda) Holdings Ltd. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2001 and 2000, and
the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in
the two-year period ended December 31, 2001 in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our
opinion, the related 2001 and 2000 financial statement schedules, when
considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a
whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth
therein.
KPMG Audit Plc
London, United Kingdom
March 28, 2002
15
REPORTS OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS (PricewaterhouseCoopers)
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of
Terra Nova (Bermuda) Holdings Ltd.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements for the year ended
December 31, 1999 included on page 14 present fairly, in all material respects,
the results of operations and cash flows of Terra Nova (Bermuda) Holdings Ltd.
and subsidiaries for the period ended December 31, 1999, in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In
addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedules listed in the index
appearing under Item 14(a) on page 43 present fairly, in all material respects,
the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related
consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and financial
statement schedules are the responsibility of the Company's management; our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and
financial statement schedules based on our audits. We conducted our audits of
these statements in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the
United States of America, which require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of
material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing
the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our
audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed above. We have not
audited the consolidated financial statements or financial statement schedules
of Terra Nova Bermuda (Holdings) Ltd. and subsidiaries for any periods
subsequent to December 31, 1999.
PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS
Chartered Accountants
Hamilton, Bermuda
March 10, 2000
16
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
At December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
2001 2000
---------------- ------------------
ASSETS
Investments available for sale, at fair value:
Fixed maturities
Bonds (amortized cost $1,110,860 and $1,184,715 respectively) $1,141,197 $1,206,548
Common stocks (cost $81,852 and $70,792 respectively) 104,362 87,056
---------------- ------------------
Total investments 1,245,559 1,293,604
Cash and cash equivalents 178,412 75,296
Accrued investment income 21,733 26,347
Insurance balances receivable 93,407 120,844
Reinsurance recoverable on paid losses 132,339 88,597
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses 953,231 589,884
Accrued premium income 135,674 160,048
Prepaid reinsurance premiums 51,603 56,391
Deferred acquisition costs 60,641 70,241
Income tax recoverable 603 2,070
Deferred income taxes 92,317 33,634
Other assets 110,658 119,635
---------------- ------------------
Total assets $3,076,177 $2,636,591
================ ==================
LIABILITIES
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses $2,172,645 $1,671,738
Unearned premiums 351,131 367,167
Insurance balances payable 85,322 78,186
Long term debt 173,016 175,000
Other liabilities 124,897 65,795
---------------- ------------------
Total liabilities 2,907,011 2,357,886
---------------- ------------------
SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY
Common shares
"A" ordinary shares (12,000 authorized, issued, and outstanding in 2001, 12 232,012
$1.00 par value; 75,000,000 authorized, 40,002,069 issued and outstanding
in 2000, $5.80 par value)
"B" ordinary shares, convertible, 10,000,000 authorized, $5.80 par value
(nil issued and outstanding) - -
Additional capital 266,153 34,153
Retained deficit (133,321) (12,136)
Accumulated other comprehensive income 36,322 24,676
---------------- ------------------
Total shareholder's equity 169,166 278,705
---------------- ------------------
Total liabilities and shareholder's equity $3,076,177 $2,636,591
================ ==================
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
17
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
2001 2000 1999
-----------------------------------------------------
Revenues
Net written premiums $ 486,392 $ 544,894 $ 618,446
Decrease (increase) in unearned premiums 53,524 58,645 (33,165)
--------------- -------------- --------------
Net earned premiums 539,916 603,539 585,281
Net investment income 76,069 84,923 93,829
Realized net capital gains on sales of investments 16,615 8,706 26,879
--------------- -------------- --------------
Total revenues 632,600 697,168 705,989
--------------- -------------- --------------
Expenses
Losses and loss adjustment expenses, net 565,259 552,298 491,243
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses 230,828 254,991 270,859
Amortization of intangible assets 4,371 3,789 4,089
Interest expense 12,365 12,400 12,400
Merger expenses - 18,416 -
--------------- -------------- --------------
Total operating expenses 812,823 841,894 778,591
--------------- -------------- --------------
Loss before income tax (180,223) (144,726) (72,602)
Income tax benefit (59,038) (12,427) (37,628)
--------------- -------------- --------------
Net loss $(121,185) $(132,299) $ (34,974)
=============== ============== ==============
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
18
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
2001 2000 1999
-----------------------------------------------------
Net loss $(121,185) $(132,299) $ (34,974)
--------------- -------------- --------------
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of investments before
tax 31,365 53,201 (80,781)
Tax benefit (expense) (5,422) (11,880) 17,150
--------------- -------------- --------------
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation)of investments after tax 25,943 41,321 (63,631)
--------------- -------------- --------------
Less: Reclassification adjustment for gains included in
net income before tax (16,615) (8,706) (26,879)
Tax expense 4,224 439 6,219
--------------- -------------- --------------
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in
net income after tax (12,391) (8,267) (20,660)
--------------- -------------- --------------
Currency translation adjustment (1,906) (956) (3,631)
--------------- -------------- --------------
Other comprehensive income (loss) 11,646 32,098 (87,922)
--------------- -------------- --------------
Comprehensive loss $(109,539) $(100,201) $(122,896)
=============== ============== ==============
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
19
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Shareholder's Equity
Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands except share numbers) Common "A" Shares Common "B" Shares Stock held in Trust
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Number Value Number Value Number Value
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, January 1, 1999 24,172,717 140,202 1,796,217 10,418 (606,800) (12,900)
Shares issued for exercise of share options 175,475 1,017 - - - -
Shares repurchased during the year - - - - (169,800) (3,887)
Deferred compensation expense - - - - - -
Net depreciation - - - - - -
Income tax benefit - - - - - -
Change during the year - - - - - -
Net loss - - - - - -
Dividends paid - $0.24 per ordinary share - - - - - -
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, December 31, 1999 24,348,192 141,219 1,796,217 10,418 (776,600) (16,787)
Shares issued for exercise of share options - - - - 52,282 1,046
Deferred compensation expense - - - - - -
Deferred compensation expense released on
exercise of share option - - - - - -
Elimination of deferred equity compensation - - - - - -
Cancellation of stock held in trust - - - - 724,318 15,741
Cancellation of shares and additional capital (24,346,123) (141,207) (1,796,217) (10,418) - -
Issue of new shares 40,000,000 232,000 - - - -
Cost of option exercises on closure - - - - - -
Net appreciation - - - - - -
Income tax expense - - - - - -
Change during the year - - - - - -
Net loss - - - - - -
Dividend paid - - - - - -
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, December 31, 2000 40,002,069 $ 232,012 - $ - - $ -
Recapitalization transaction (39,990,069) (232,000) - - - -
Net appreciation - - - - - -
Income tax expense - - - - - -
Change during the year - - - - - -
Net loss - - - - - -
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, December 31, 2001 12,000 $ 12 - $ - - $ -
=====================================================================
Unrealized
Deferred Appreciation Cumulative Retained Total
Equity Additional (Depreciation) Translation (Deficit) Shareholder's
Compensation Capital of Investments Adjustment Earnings Equity
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, January 1, 1999 4,623 111,727 80,342 158 236,292 570,862
Shares issued for exercise of share options - 2,128 - - - 3,145
Shares repurchased during the year - - - - - (3,887)
Deferred compensation expense 2,941 - - - - 2,941
Net depreciation - - (107,660) - - (107,660)
Income tax benefit - - 23,369 - - 23,369
Change during the year - - - (3,631) - (3,631)
Net loss - - - - (34,974) (34,974)
Dividends paid - $0.24 per ordinary share - - - - (6,155) (6,155)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, December 31, 1999 7,564 113,855 (3,949) (3,473) 195,163 444,010
Shares issued for exercise of share options - (1,000) - - - 46
Deferred compensation expense 212 - - - - 212
Deferred compensation expense released on
exercise of share option 369 (369) - - - -
Elimination of deferred equity compensation (8,145) 8,145 - - - -
Cancellation of stock held in trust - (15,741) - - - -
Cancellation of shares and additional capital - (80,375) - - - (232,000)
Issue of new shares - - - - - 232,000
Cost of option exercises on closure - 9,638 - - - 9,638
Net appreciation - - 44,495 - - 44,495
Income tax expense - - (11,441) - - (11,441)
Change during the year - - - (956) - (956)
Net loss - - - - (132,299) (132,299)
Dividend paid - - - - (75,000) (75,000)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, December 31, 2000 $ - $ 34,153 $ 29,105 $ (4,429) $ (12,136) $ 278,705
Recapitalization transaction - 232,000 - - - -
Net appreciation - - 14,750 - - 14,750
Income tax expense - - (1,198) - - (1,198)
Change during the year - - - (1,906) - (1,906)
Net loss - - - - (121,185) (121,185)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, December 31, 2001 $ - $ 266,153 $ 42,657 $ (6,335) $(133,321) $ 169,166
==============================================================================
See accompanying notes to the consolidated statements
20
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
2001 2000 1999
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss $ (121,185) $(132,299) $ (34,974)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash and cash equivalents
(used in) provided by operating activities:
Amortization of goodwill 4,371 3,789 4,089
Bad debt expenses 35,000 1,415 7,974
Realized net capital gains (16,615) (8,706) (26,879)
Stock option compensation expense 564 10,063 2,941
Change in unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses 505,824 276,602 217,433
Change in unearned premiums and prepaid reinsurance (11,248) (59,631) 6,878
Change in insurance balances payable 7,136 24,333 29,912
Change in insurance balances receivable, accrued premium
income and reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses (389,674) (193,738) (138,292)
Change in deferred acquisition costs 9,600 29,442 7,922
Change in accrued investment income 4,614 1,260 2,407
Change in current and deferred income taxes (58,318) (7,427) (46,201)
Change in other assets and liabilities, net 13,379 (8,606) (13,117)
------------- -------------- ------------
Total adjustments 104,633 68,796 55,067
------------- -------------- ------------
Net cash and cash equivalents (used in) provided by operating
activities (16,552) (63,503) 20,093
------------- -------------- ------------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds of fixed maturities matured 29,500 24,200 9,240
Proceeds of fixed maturities sold 269,761 449,599 368,146
Proceeds of equity securities sold 17,780 90,299 174,530
Purchase of fixed maturities (224,196) (366,369) (347,337)
Purchase of equity securities (26,001) (52,780) (177,057)
Acquisition of capacity at Lloyd's - (5,994) (6,314)
------------- -------------- ------------
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by investing
activities 66,844 138,955 21,208
------------- -------------- ------------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Stock repurchases - - (3,887)
Loan from Markel Corporation 54,808 - -
Repurchase of long-term debt (1,984) - -
Proceeds from shares issued - 46 3,145
Ordinary dividends paid - (75,000) (6,155)
------------- -------------- ------------
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) financing
activities 52,824 (74,954) (6,897)
------------- -------------- ------------
Change in cash and cash equivalents 103,116 498 34,404
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 75,296 74,798 40,394
------------- -------------- ------------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 178,412 $ 75,296 $ 74,798
============= ============== ============
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Income taxes (received) paid $ (481) $ (3,521) $ 3,506
Interest paid $ 12,365 $ 12,400 $ 12,400
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
21
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Organization
Terra Nova (Bermuda) Holdings Ltd. ("Bermuda Holdings") is incorporated in
Bermuda. All references to the "Company" are to Terra Nova (Bermuda) Holdings
Ltd. and all of its direct and indirect subsidiaries, including Markel
International Limited ("Markel International"), Terra Nova Insurance Company
Limited ("Terra Nova"), Terra Nova (Bermuda) Insurance Company Ltd. ("Terra Nova
(Bermuda)"), Compagnie de Reassurance d'Ile de France ("Corifrance"), Markel
Syndicate Management Limited ("Markel Syndicate Management") and Markel Capital
Limited ("Markel Capital").
On March 24, 2000, the Company was acquired by Markel Corporation
("Markel") for total consideration of approximately $658 million. Markel issued
approximately 1.75 million common shares and contingent value rights and paid
approximately $325 million in cash to the Company's shareholders in the
transaction. At the date of the acquisition, the Company's $175 million of
public debt remained outstanding. See note 11 for a further discussion of
changes made as of January 1, 2002 and the impact of those changes on the
Company's operations in the London Insurance Market.
The Company is a specialty property, casualty, marine and aviation
insurance and reinsurance company. It operates in the London Market and the
Lloyd's Market through its London based subsidiaries, Terra Nova and Markel
Capital. The Company operates in the Continental European market through its
French subsidiary, Corifrance. The Company ceased accepting new business through
its Bermuda based subsidiary, Terra Nova (Bermuda) in April 2000. Writings
originate worldwide. It writes most insurance and reinsurance business through
brokers authorized to place business at Lloyd's. It also writes through
non-Lloyd's brokers and with individual ceding companies. The broker is
generally regarded as the agent of the insured or reinsured in placing the
business. The Company also owns the business and assets of Markel Syndicate
Management, a Lloyd's managing agent, consisting of the rights to manage certain
Lloyd's syndicates (the "Markel Syndicate Management syndicates").
A managing agent is permitted by the Council of Lloyd's to perform, on
behalf of an underwriting member of any one of the syndicates which it manages,
one or more of the following functions:
a) underwriting contracts of insurance at Lloyd's;
b) obtaining reinsurance for such contracts in whole or in part;
c) paying claims on such contracts.
Members of Lloyd's underwrite insurance risk at Lloyd's by being a member
of one or more Lloyd's syndicates. A syndicate has no separate legal identity
and is "managed" by a managing agent.
The standard Lloyd's contract between a managing agent and the members of a
syndicate managed by that agent, identifies the following services to be
provided by the managing agent on behalf of the members:
a) determine underwriting policy and effect reinsurance including the
reinsurance to close;
b) appoint and supervise the underwriter and associate underwriting,
claims, administrative and accounting staff;
c) accept underwriting risks and settle and pay claims on behalf of the
syndicate;
d) manage the investment of the monies and other assets held in each
syndicate;
e) prepare and distribute annual reports, personal accounts and other
reports and documents as required by the Council of Lloyd's.
A managing agent charges an annual fee which will be complimented, in
profitable years, by a profit commission. The managing agent employs management
and underwriting staff, recharging the costs of employment and resourcing the
syndicate's activities to the syndicate and retaining costs incurred in respect
of the management functions.
22
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
1. Organization (continued)
The managing agent does not participate directly in the profit or loss on
underwriting of its syndicates. It is incentivized by earning a commission on
syndicate profits. Markel Syndicate Management did not charge a profit
commission from the 2001 underwriting year.
The managing agency manages but does not participate in its own syndicate
and has no liability under contracts of insurance. However, Markel Capital, a
subsidiary of Markel International, is a corporate member of Lloyd's and a
member of each of the syndicates managed by Markel Syndicate Management. Markel
Capital therefore participates in the underwriting results of the Markel
Syndicate Management syndicates.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Basis of Presentation: The accompanying consolidated financial
statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP). All significant intercompany balances
and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain
reclassifications of prior years' amounts have been made to conform with 2001
presentations.
Beginning January 1, 2001, Markel Capital provides 100% of the capacity to
the Company's syndicates. For years of account prior to 2001, the Company has
recorded its pro rata share of syndicates' assets, liabilities, revenues and
expenses. The Company makes adjustments to convert Lloyd's accounting to U.S.
GAAP. Lloyd's syndicates determine underwriting results by year of account over
a three-year period. The Company records adjustments to recognize the ultimate
underwriting results, including the expected ultimate premiums written and
earned and losses incurred.
(b) Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in accordance
with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect
the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent
assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported
amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management
periodically reviews its estimates and assumptions including the adequacy of
reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, reinsurance allowance
for doubtful accounts and litigation liabilities, as well as the recoverability
of deferred tax assets, deferred policy acquisition costs and intangible assets.
Actual results may differ from the estimates and assumptions used in preparing
the consolidated financial statements.
(c) Investments and related income: Investments in fixed maturities and
equity securities are classified as available for sale and held with the
intention of selling such investments from time to time, and are carried at fair
value. Unrealized gains and losses, net of related deferred income taxes and
minority interests, are recorded in shareholder's equity. Realized gains and
losses are included in operations and determined by specific identification.
Investment income is recorded as earned.
(d) Cash and cash equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash
and various short-term investments which have maturities when bought of 90 days
or less. Cash equivalents are stated at fair value which approximates cost.
(e) Premiums: Premiums are earned pro-rata over the term of the related
coverage. The balance of unearned premiums represents the portion of gross
written premiums relating to the unexpired terms of coverage.
(f) Markel Syndicate Management income and expenses: The Company recognizes
its share of the premiums, losses and expenses associated with its participation
in Lloyd's syndicates consistent with the bases used in its insurance company
operations and in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Agency income is earned and agency
expenses charged as incurred from Markel Syndicate Management's role as managing
agent.
23
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
(g) Deferred acquisition costs: Acquisition costs, which represent net
commission and other expenses incurred in producing business, are deferred and
amortized over the period in which the related premiums are earned. If it is
determined that future policy revenues on existing policies are not adequate to
cover related costs and expenses, deferred policy acquisition costs are charged
to earnings.
(h) Insurance balances receivable and reinsurance recoverable on paid and
unpaid losses: Receivable balances are stated net of allowances for doubtful
accounts. Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses represents the estimated
portion of such liabilities that will be recovered from reinsurers, determined
in a manner consistent with the related liabilities.
(i) Derivative Financial Instruments: Effective January 1, 2001, the
Company adopted the provisions of FASB Statement No. 133, Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended. All derivative
instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other
contracts and hedging activities, are measured at fair value and recognized as
either assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Changes in fair
value are recognized immediately in earnings unless the derivative is designated
as a hedge and qualifies for hedge accounting. The gains or losses from the
change in fair value of derivatives that qualify as hedges are recognized in
earnings or other comprehensive income (OCI), depending on the type and
effectiveness of the hedge. For a derivative designated and qualified as a hedge
of a net investment in a foreign operation, the effective portion of the change
in fair value is reported in OCI as part of cumulative translation adjustments.
The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of a hedge of a net
investment in a foreign operation is recognized immediately in earnings.
(j) Income Taxes: Deferred income taxes are recorded on temporary
differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities
in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standard ("SFAS") No. 109.
Under Statement 109, the Company records deferred income taxes which reflect the
net tax effect of the temporary differences between the carrying amounts of the
assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their respective tax
bases.
(k) Foreign currency translation: The US dollar is the reporting currency
of the Company. The functional currencies of the Company are the currencies in
which the majority of the business is transacted. Monetary assets and
liabilities are translated into the United States Dollar using the exchange rate
in effect at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are
translated at historic rates of exchange. Revenues and expenses are translated
using the average exchange rate for the period. Gains or losses from translating
functional currencies to reporting currencies are included, net of tax, in
shareholder's equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.
Gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in a foreign currency are
included in net income (loss).
The Company manages its exposure to foreign currency risk primarily by
matching assets and liabilities denominated in the same currency. To the extent
that assets and liabilities in foreign currencies are not matched, the Company
is exposed to foreign currency risk and related exchange rate fluctuations are
reflected in other comprehensive income.
(l) Accrued premium income: Accrued premium income represents the
difference between the estimated cumulative ultimate gross written premiums and
cumulative billed premiums.
(m) Prepaid reinsurance premiums: Prepaid reinsurance premiums represent
the portion of premiums ceded to reinsurers applicable to the unexpired terms of
reinsurance contracts.
24
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
(n) Losses and loss adjustment expenses: Unpaid losses and loss adjustment
expenses are based on evaluations of reported claims and estimates for losses
and loss adjustment expenses incurred but not reported. Estimates for losses and
loss adjustment expenses incurred but not reported are based on reserve
development studies. The reserves recorded are estimates, and the ultimate
liability may be greater than or less than the estimates; however, management
believes the reserves are adequate.
(o) Fair value of financial instruments: The following methods and
assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value of the
financial instruments presented:
- Investments: Fair values were based on quoted market prices. For
securities for which market prices were not readily available, fair
values were estimated using quoted market prices of comparable
investments.
- Long term debt: Fair value is based on quoted market price.
- Other financial instruments: The carrying amounts approximate fair
value.
(p) Goodwill: The goodwill in the Company's consolidated balance sheet has
been calculated using the purchase method of accounting and is
amortized on a straight line basis over periods not exceeding 40
years. See note 19 for a discussion of adopting Financial Standards
Board (FASB) Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (Statement)
No. 141, Business Combinations, and Statement No. 142, Goodwill and
Other Intangible Assets.
3. Investments and Cash
(a) Deposits: Securities with a carrying value of $176,288,677 and
$148,939,275 at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively, were held in trust for
the benefit of the Company's U.S. cedents and to facilitate the Company's
accreditation as an alien reinsurer by certain States.
Cash and securities with a carrying value of $29,810,950 and $22,243,365 at
December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively, were held in trust for the benefit of
the Company's U.S. surplus lines policyholders.
Cash and securities with a carrying value of $47,107,609 and $50,184,172 at
December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively, were held in trust for the benefit of
the Company's Canadian cedents.
The Company has contingent liabilities regarding undrawn letters of credit
supporting certain reinsurance business written by the Company in the U.S. of
$82,220,155 and $95,984,794 at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The
Company has deposited cash and investments with a carrying value of $105,470,845
and $105,583,273 at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively, as collateral
against these amounts.
The Company has deposits at Lloyd's with a carrying value of $141,872,850
in support of the Company's underwriting activities on the Markel Syndicate
Management syndicates. The Company also has contingent liabilities regarding
irrevocable undrawn letters of credit of $185,744,602 and $187,014,278
supporting the Company's underwriting activities on the Markel Syndicate
Management syndicates at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The Company
has deposited cash and investments with a carrying value of $204,319,062 at
December 31, 2001 and $208,030,000 at December 31, 2000, as collateral to
support this commitment. Cash and securities with a carrying value of
$384,168,000 and $303,193,000 at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively, were
held in trust for the benefit of the Markel Syndicate Management syndicates'
policyholders.
25
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
3. Investments and Cash (continued)
(b) Net investment income: An analysis of the net investment income of the
Company is as follows:
(dollars in thousands) Year ended December 31,
2001 2000 1999
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fixed maturities $ 68,050 $ 79,052 $ 88,055
Equity securities 872 875 608
Cash and cash equivalents 9,560 7,726 8,258
---------------- ---------------- -----------------
Total investment income 78,482 87,653 96,921
Investment expenses (2,413) (2,730) (3,092)
---------------- ---------------- -----------------
Net investment income $ 76,069 $ 84,923 $ 93,829
================ ================ =================
(c) Investment gains and losses: The realized net capital gains and hanges
in net unrealized appreciation or depreciation of investments are
summarized below:
(dollars in thousands) Year ended December 31,
2001 2000 1999
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Realized net capital gains (losses) on sale of investments:
Fixed maturities $ 15,491 $ (6,926) $ (6,066)
Equity securities 1,124 15,632 32,945
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Realized net capital gains 16,615 8,706 26,879
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Changes in net unrealized appreciation (depreciation):
Fixed maturities 8,504 39,796 (88,127)
Equity securities 6,246 4,699 (19,533)
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Changes in net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) 14,750 44,495 (107,660)
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Realized net capital gains and change in net
unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of investments $ 31,365 $ 53,201 $ (80,781)
================ ================ ================
Realized net capital gains (losses) on sale of fixed maturities for the
years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, included gross capital gains of
$19,441,000, $11,937,000 and $5,754,000, and gross capital losses of $3,950,000,
$18,863,000 and $11,820,000, respectively.
Proceeds from sales of investments in equity securities during 2001, 2000
and 1999, were $17,780,000, $90,299,000 and $174,530,000, respectively. Realized
net capital gains on sale of equity securities for the years ended December 31,
2001, 2000 and 1999, included gross capital gains of $3,276,000, $28,122,000 and
$42,403,000 and gross capital losses of $2,152,000, $12,490,000 and $9,458,000,
respectively.
Net unrealized appreciation of equities (before income tax) of the Company
at December 31, 2001, included gross unrealized appreciation of $25,200,000 and
gross unrealized depreciation of $2,690,000. Net unrealized appreciation of
equities of the Company at December 31, 2000, included gross unrealized
appreciation of $19,424,000 and gross unrealized depreciation of $3,160,000.
26
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
3. Investments and Cash (continued)
(d) Fixed maturities available for sale: At December 31, the amortized
cost and estimated fair value of investments in fixed maturities of the Company
were as follows:
2001 Gross Gross Estimated
Amortized unrealized unrealized fair
(dollars in thousands) cost appreciation depreciation value
------------- ----------------- ---------------- -------------
U.S. government and agencies $ 102,098 $ 2,194 $ (144) $ 104,148
Foreign governments and agencies 508,146 16,263 (3,170) 521,239
Mortgage backed and asset backed 9,888 892 - 10,780
Supranationals 144,537 6,408 (245) 150,700
Corporate 346,191 10,571 (2,432) 354,330
------------- ----------------- ---------------- -------------
Total fixed maturities $1,110,860 $36,328 $(5,991) $1,141,197
============= ================= ================ =============
2000 Gross Gross Estimated
Amortized unrealized unrealized fair
(dollars in thousands) cost appreciation depreciation value
------------- ----------------- ---------------- -------------
U.S. government and agencies $ 176,061 $ 7,885 $ (204) $ 183,742
Foreign governments and agencies 537,991 11,447 (834) 548,604
Mortgage backed and asset backed 11,520 537 - 12,057
Supranationals 137,083 567 (569) 137,081
Corporate 322,060 7,892 (4,888) 325,064
------------- ----------------- ---------------- -------------
Total fixed maturities $1,184,715 $28,328 $(6,495) $1,206,548
============= ================= ================ =============
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of the Company's fixed
maturities at December 31, 2001, by contractual maturity date, are shown in the
following table. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities
because borrowers may have the right to call or repay certain obligations with
or without call or prepayment penalties.
(dollars in thousands) Amortized cost Fair value % of total
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Due in one year or less $ 135,773 $ 137,575 12%
Due after one year through five years 654,369 676,093 59
Due after five years through ten years 314,101 321,007 28
Due after ten years 6,617 6,522 1
---------------- ----------------- ----------------
$1,110,860 $1,141,197 100%
================ ================= ================
Mortgage and asset backed securities which are not due at a single maturity
date have been allocated according to their expected final payment date as at
year end.
27
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
3. Investments and Cash (continued)
(e) At December 31, 2001, the Company's portfolio by rating category,
determined by recognized rating agencies, was:
Estimated fair
(dollars in thousands) value
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. government and agency $ 104,148
U.K. government and agency 181,701
AAA 489,899
AA 240,532
A 91,060
BBB 26,782
BB -
B 7,075
-----------
$1,141,197
===========
(f) At December 31, 2001, the estimated fair value of the following
investments exceeded 10% of shareholder's equity:
Estimated fair
(dollars in thousands) value
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.K. Treasury $181,701
United States Treasury 72,080
Canadian Treasury 54,604
European Investment Bank 47,772
Republic of Finland 36,205
International Bank of Reconstruction & Development 28,475
Province of Ontario 27,340
Government of Japan 25,620
Oesterreich Kontrollbank 22,261
Berkshire Hathaway 21,209
Republic of Austria 20,280
Republic of Italy 19,174
Interamerica Development Bank 18,263
(g) Equities available for sale: At December 31, 2001, the cost and
estimated fair value of investments in common stocks were as follows:
Estimated
(dollars in thousands) Cost fair value
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Banks, trusts and insurance companies $27,416 $ 36,808
Industrial, miscellaneous and all other 54,436 67,554
---------- -----------
Total equity securities $81,852 $104,362
========== ===========
28
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
4. Income Taxes
(a) The U.K. corporation tax rate applicable to ordinary income was reduced
to 30% from 31% on April 1, 1999. The corporation tax rate in France was, 40%
for 1999, 37.7% for 2000 and 36.7% for 2001. The difference between the actual
tax expense and the "expected" amount calculated by applying the U.K.
corporation tax rate is explained as follows:
Year ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000 1999
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Expected" tax benefit $(54,067) $(43,416) $(21,962)
Adjustments:
Non-taxable income (9,773) (105) (16,878)
Deferred taxation valuation allowance - 33,663 -
Other 4,802 (2,569) 1,212
------------ ------------ ------------
Actual tax benefit $(59,038) $(12,427) $(37,628)
============ ============ ============
(b) The components of income tax benefit attributable to operations are as
follows:
Year ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000 1999
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Current U.K. corporation tax benefit $ (967) $ (66) $ (7,644)
Current French corporation tax expense (benefit) 1,670 (1,055) (160)
Deferred tax (59,741) (11,306) (29,824)
------------ ------------- --------------
Income tax benefit $(59,038) $(12,427) $(37,628)
============ ============= ==============
(c) Deferred tax liabilities and assets are provided for expected future
tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the consolidated
financial statements or tax returns. The measurement of current and deferred tax
liabilities and assets is based on the difference between the financial
statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted rates in effect
for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. Measurement of a
deferred tax asset, if any, is subject to the expectation of future realization.
The components of net deferred tax asset (liability) of the Company as at
December 31, 2001 and 2000, were as follows:
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred tax assets:
Unrealized depreciation of investments $ 2,254 $ 1,419
Operating losses and other 135,655 76,464
------------ -----------
Total gross deferred tax assets 137,909 77,883
Less valuation allowance (33,663) (33,663)
------------ -----------
Total gross deferred tax assets, net of allowance 104,246 44,220
------------ -----------
Deferred tax liabilities:
Unrealized appreciation of investments (11,756) (10,412)
Other (174) (174)
------------ -----------
Total deferred tax liabilities (11,930) (10,586)
------------ -----------
Net deferred tax asset $ 92,316 $ 33,634
============ ===========
The valuation allowance of $33.7 million relates primarily to losses at
Markel Capital and the uncertainty of realizing a future tax benefit. The
Company expects to realize the gross deferred tax asset at December 31, 2001 of
$92.3 million through future taxable income generated by its subsidiaries.
29
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
4. Income Taxes (continued)
While management believes it is more likely than not that its subsidiaries
will generate sufficient future taxable income to realize this gross deferred
tax asset, a change in the Company's estimates and assumptions could result in
an increase in the valuation allowance through a charge to earnings.
(d) Under current Bermuda law, Terra Nova (Bermuda) and Bermuda Holdings
are not required to pay any taxes in Bermuda on either income or capital gains.
Terra Nova (Bermuda) and Bermuda Holdings have received an undertaking from the
Minister of Finance in Bermuda that in the event of any such taxes being
imposed, they will be exempted from such taxation until the year 2016.
5. Deferred Acquisition Costs
The following reflects the acquisition costs deferred for amortization
against future income and the amortization charged to income, including amounts
deferred and amortized in the same period:
Year ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000 1999
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance at beginning of year $ 70,241 $ 99,683 $107,607
-------- -------- --------
Acquisition costs deferred
Commissions 173,465 166,104 161,737
Other 39,179 40,221 71,175
-------- -------- --------
212,644 206,325 232,912
-------- -------- --------
Amortization charged to income
Commissions 181,987 187,958 171,536
Other 40,258 47,809 69,300
-------- -------- --------
222,245 235,767 240,836
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of year $ 60,641 $ 70,241 $ 99,683
======== ======== ========
6. Employee Benefits
Terra Nova operates a defined benefit pension plan ("Terra Nova Plan")
covering all employees (except those in Canada and Belgium) over 20 years old
who meet the eligibility conditions set out in the plan document. The cost of
providing pensions for employees is charged to earnings over the average working
life of employees according to the recommendations of qualified actuaries.
Annual funding requirements are determined based on the projected unit credit
cost method, which attributes a pro rata portion of the total projected benefit
payable at normal retirement to each year of credited service. Final benefits
are based on the employee's years of credited service and the higher of
pensionable compensation received in the calendar year preceding retirement or
the best average pensionable compensation received in any three consecutive
years in the ten years preceding retirement.
Mandatory employee contributions to the Terra Nova Plan ceased in 1988.
There are no present plans to reintroduce such contributions. Employees may
elect to make voluntary contributions to supplement their pension benefits when
payable.
Terra Nova provides pension and related benefits for the employees of its
branch office in Canada and its former branch office in Belgium. Benefit plans
are in line with local market terms and conditions of employment and are
generally costed to be within 10% of basic salaries of the participating
employees. Neither of the plans is a defined benefit plan. The Company had
historically adopted for its Bermuda employees, a similar policy on pension and
related benefits and provided for a plan on the same cost basis. Since May 2000,
the Company has no Bermuda employees.
30
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
6. Employee Benefits (continued)
Markel Syndicate Management provides certain of its employees with one of
two defined benefit pension schemes run in conjunction with the Lloyd's
Superannuation Scheme ("Markel Syndicate Management Plans"). The Markel
Syndicate Management Plans are similar in operation to the Terra Nova Plan
though the benefit structure differs. Markel Syndicate Management provides a
defined contribution plan for nominated employees and directors. The annual
contribution rate for employees is 15% of annual pensionable salary and, for
directors and certain senior underwriters, is 25% of annual pensionable salary.
Corifrance provides two defined contribution plans for its managers and all
other employees. The annual contribution rate for managers is 5.66% of
pensionable salary and, for employees, is 1.43% of pensionable salary. The total
cost of the Company's defined contribution plans for the year was $2,103,649
(2000: $3,035,586).
The following tables set out the funded status of Terra Nova's defined
benefit plan for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, and the
amounts recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of the
Company at December 31, 2001 and 2000:
Year ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000 1999
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Component of net periodic benefit costs:
Service cost $ 1,778 $ 2,054 $ 3,209
Interest cost 2,176 2,317 2,429
Expected return on plan assets (3,860) (4,480) (4,492)
Amortization of transition obligation (82) (87) (92)
Recognized net actuarial gain (59) (617) -
-------- -------- -------
Net periodic benefit (income) cost $ (47) $ (813) $ 1,054
======== ======== =======
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 37,890 $ 40,373
Service cost 1,778 2,054
Interest cost 2,176 2,317
Benefits paid (1,204) (5,542)
Actuarial gain (152) (1,312)
-------- --------
Benefit obligation at end of year 40,488 37,890
-------- --------
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year 49,573 60,223
Actual loss on plan assets (7,547) (6,475)
Employer contribution 1,089 1,367
Benefits paid (1,204) (5,542)
-------- --------
Fair value of plan assets at end of year 41,911 49,573
-------- --------
Funded status:
Planned assets in excess of benefit obligation 1,423 11,683
Unrecognized net actuarial gain (loss) 4,521 (6,568)
Unrecognized transition obligation (167) (257)
-------- --------
Prepaid benefit $ 5,777 $ 4,858
======== ========
Weighted-average assumptions as of December 31
Discount rate 6.00% 6.00%
Expected return on plan assets 8.00% 8.00%
Rate of compensation increase 4.50% 4.75%
31
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
6. Employee Benefits (continued)
The following table summarizes key information for the Markel Syndicate
Management Plans and the amounts recognized in the accompanying consolidated
financial statements of the Company at December 31, 2001 and 2000:
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fair value of plan assets $ 5,525 $ 8,984
Benefit obligation 5,238 8,984
-------- --------
Excess of plan assets over benefit obligation $ 287 $ -
-------- --------
Employer contributions $ 485 $ 535
7. Share Capital
At December 31, 2000, the Company had 75,000,000 "A" ordinary shares (par
value $5.80) of which 40,002,069 were issued and outstanding, and 10,000,000 "B"
ordinary shares (par value $5.80) of which none were issued and outstanding.
During the third quarter of 2001, Markel Corporation, the sole shareholder
of Terra Nova (Bermuda) Holdings Ltd. (the "Company"), caused a reduction in the
issued and authorized share capital of the Company and a subdivision of the
remaining share capital resulting in the authorized and issued share capital of
the Company being $12,000 divided into 12,000 Class A ordinary shares of $1.00
par value each. As a result of this recapitalization transaction, at December
31, 2001, the Company had 12,000 "A" ordinary shares (par value $1.00)
authorized, issued and outstanding.
The "A" ordinary shares and "B" ordinary shares rank pari passu in right to
receive dividends. Each "B" ordinary share at the Company is convertible at the
choice of the holder into an "A" ordinary share without payment or adjustment
for accrued dividends.
8. Reinsurance
In the ordinary course of business, the Company cedes reinsurance to other
insurance companies. Ceded reinsurance arrangements provide greater
diversification of business and limit the net loss potential arising from large
risks. Certain of these arrangements consist of excess of loss contracts which
protect against losses over stipulated amounts. Reinsurance is effected under
reinsurance treaties and by negotiation on individual risks.
The current reinsurance protections mainly consist of non-proportional
excess of loss reinsurance with the balance being proportional and facultative
reinsurance. Specific excess of loss reinsurance is purchased for marine and
aviation and non-marine business. Availability of reinsurance at reasonable cost
and under favorable terms is one of the key determinants in the decision about
which categories of business to emphasize at any given time.
A credit risk exists with reinsurance ceded to the extent that any
reinsurer is unable to meet the obligations assumed under the reinsurance
arrangements. As is customary in the London Market, collateral is not generally
obtained from reinsurers. Reinsurance contracts do not relieve the ceding
company from its obligations to policyholders. Failure of reinsurers to honor
their obligations could result in losses; so allowances are established for
amounts thought uncollectable. The Company evaluates the financial condition of
its reinsurers and monitors concentrations of credit risk arising from its
exposure to individual reinsurers.
32
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
8. Reinsurance (continued)
The Company cedes reinsurance to and assumes reinsurance from Lloyd's
syndicates. At December 31, 2001, the aggregate exposure in respect of
reinsurance ceded to Lloyd's syndicates in respect of continuing operations,
including estimated reinsurance recoveries for losses incurred but not reported,
was $268.4 million. Approximately 26% of this amount was ceded into Equitas with
effect from September 4, 1996. Equitas is a reinsurance company that was formed
to reinsure the 1992 and prior losses of Lloyd's syndicates. Therefore, ultimate
recoveries under the reinsurance contracts ceded into Equitas will be dependent
on Equitas being able to fulfill its commitment to the syndicates. No specific
bad debt provision has been established for amounts due from Equitas and Lloyd's
syndicates.
In the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, the percentage of
reinsurance premiums assumed to net written premiums was 31.2%, 30.4% and 42.6%,
respectively.
(a) Net written premiums are comprised of the following:
Year ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000 1999
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct business $ 618,083 $ 540,021 $ 601,419
Reinsurance assumed 151,890 165,384 263,514
Reinsurance ceded (283,581) (160,511) (246,487)
----------- ----------- -----------
Net written premiums $ 486,392 $ 544,894 $ 618,446
=========== =========== ===========
(b) Net earned premiums are comprised of the following:
Year ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000 1999
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct business $ 613,503 $ 573,080 $ 495,339
Reinsurance assumed 167,053 222,326 310,384
Reinsurance ceded (240,640) (191,867) (220,442)
----------- ----------- -----------
Net earned premiums $ 539,916 $ 603,539 $ 585,281
=========== =========== ===========
(c) Losses and loss adjustment expenses, net, are comprised of the
following:
Year ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000 1999
------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- ------------
Losses and loss adjustment expenses, gross $1,223,268 $1,017,543 $ 752,499
Reinsurance ceded (658,009) (465,245) (261,256)
------------ ------------ -----------
Losses and loss adjustment expenses, net $ 565,259 $ 552,298 $ 491,243
============ ============ ===========
33
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
9. Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses
Movement in unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses for the years ended
December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, is summarized in the table below.
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000 1999
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses,
at beginning of year $1,671,738 $1,409,968 $1,209,003
Less: reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses (589,884) (346,483) (226,098)
----------- ----------- -----------
Net balance at beginning of year 1,081,854 1,063,485 982,905
----------- ----------- -----------
Net incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses related to:
Current year 451,261 507,396 535,753
Prior year 113,998 44,902 (44,510)
----------- ----------- -----------
Total net incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses 565,259 552,298 491,243
----------- ----------- -----------
Net paid losses and loss adjustment expenses related to:
Current year (111,660) (178,813) (179,844)
Prior year (338,219) (372,896) (245,323)
----------- ----------- -----------
Total net paid losses and loss adjustment expenses (449,879) (551,709) (425,167)
Foreign exchange adjustment (13,737) (31,858) (18,753)
----------- ----------- -----------
Net balance at end of year 1,183,497 1,032,216 1,030,228
Net reserves from reinsurance to close 35,917 49,638 33,257
----------- ----------- -----------
Net reserves at end of year 1,219,414 1,081,854 1,063,485
Reinsurance recoverables 953,231 589,884 346,483
----------- ----------- -----------
Reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment
expenses, at end of year $2,172,645 $1,671,738 $1,409,968
=========== =========== ===========
The adverse prior year development of $114.0 million in 2001 is partially
offset by increases to prior year net written and net earned premiums of $25.3
million. When these revisions to prior year written and earned premiums are
considered, the Company experienced a net prior year adverse development of
$88.7 million. The increase in the 2000 and prior year incurred losses was
primarily due to reserve strengthening for asbestos exposures ($20.0 million),
reserve strengthening on the discounted world-wide motor program ($39.0 million)
and an allowance for reinsurance recoverables ($30.0 million).
The Company's 2001 results include $68.0 million of estimated net losses
related to the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center and other related
events of September 11, 2001 (WTC). Approximately $5.5 million of estimated net
losses were ceded to certain United States insurance subsidiaries of its parent,
Markel Corporation. Further details of this quota share arrangement are provided
in note 12. Before these cessions the estimated WTC losses were $73.5 million,
net of approximately $248 million of reinsurance recoverables.
The Company has used many loss estimation techniques including detailed
policy level reviews, the use of catastrophe modeling software, direct contact
with insureds and brokers and sensitivity analysis to possible coverage
scenarios in order to develop its estimated WTC exposure. New information
concerning potential losses and coverage continues to emerge daily. While the
Company believes that its WTC reserve is adequate, adverse development is
possible.
34
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
9. Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses (continued)
Management continually attempts to improve its loss estimation process by
refining its ability to analyze loss development patterns, claim payments and
other information, but many reasons remain for potential adverse development of
estimated ultimate liabilities. The process of estimating loss reserves is a
difficult and complex exercise involving many variables and subjective
judgements. As part of the reserving process, the Company reviews historical
data and considers the impact of various factors such as trends in claim
frequency and severity, changes in operations, emerging economic and social
trends, inflation and changes in regulatory and litigation environments.
Significant delays occur in notifying certain claims and a large measure of
experience and judgment is involved in assessing outstanding liabilities, the
ultimate cost of which cannot be known with certainty at the balance sheet date.
The reserve for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses is determined on the
basis of information currently available. However, it is inherent in the nature
of the business written that the ultimate liabilities may vary as a result of
subsequent development.
The Company believes the process of evaluating past experience, adjusted
for the effects of current developments and anticipated trends, is an
appropriate basis for predicting future events. Management currently believes
the Company's gross and net reserves, including the reserves for environmental
and asbestos exposures, are adequate. There is no precise method, however, for
evaluating the impact of any significant factor on the adequacy of reserves, and
actual results are likely to differ from original estimates.
Management has considered environmental and latent injury claims and claims
expenses in establishing the Company's reserve for unpaid losses and loss
adjustment expenses. The Company continues to be advised of claims asserting
injuries from hazardous materials and alleged damages to cover various clean-up
costs affecting policies written in prior years. Coverage and claim settlement
issues, such as determining that coverage exists and defining an occurrence, may
cause the actual loss development to show more variation than the rest of the
Company's book of business. Traditional reserving techniques cannot be used to
estimate asbestos-related and environmental pollution claims and so the
uncertainty about the ultimate cost of these types of claims is greater than the
uncertainty relating to standard lines of business. The Company believes it has
made reasonable provisions for claims, although the ultimate liability may be
more or less than held reserves. The Company believes that future losses
associated with these claims will not have a material adverse effect on its
financial position. Still, there is no assurance that such losses will not
materially affect the Company's results of operations for any period. Management
is not able to estimate the additional loss, or range of loss, that is
reasonably possible.
The following table presents selected data on asbestos-related and
environmental pollution losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred and
reserves outstanding, net of amounts recoverable from reinsurers:
Asbestos-related and Environmental Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses
Incurred and Reserves Outstanding
(net of reinsurance)
Year ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000 1999
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment
expenses, at beginning of year $105,133 $ 90,277 $ 95,890
Incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses 18,832 22,988 (137)
Paid losses and loss adjustment expenses (9,930) (8,132) (5,476)
-------- -------- --------
Reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment
expenses, at end of year $114,035 $105,133 $ 90,277
======== ======== ========
35
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
9. Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses (continued)
The reinsurance recoverables netted against the asbestos-related and
environmental pollution loss reserves for each of the years 2001, 2000 and 1999,
are as follows:
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000 1999
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross reserves $169,335 $167,161 $128,192
Reinsurance recoverables (55,300) (62,028) (37,915)
--------- --------- ---------
Net reserves $114,035 $105,133 $ 90,277
========= ========= =========
10. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Insurance balances receivable and reinsurance recoverable on paid and
unpaid losses are stated after deduction of an allowance for doubtful accounts
at December 31, 2001 and 2000, of $80,300,000 and $48,189,000, respectively.
Doubtful accounts against which provisions of $2,889,000 had previously been
made were written off during 2001. The charge to doubtful accounts was
$35,000,000, $9,392,000 and $8,497,000 for the years ended December 31, 2001,
2000 and 1999, respectively.
11. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
(a) On January 31, 2001, the Company received notice of a lawsuit filed in
the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against
Terra Nova Insurance Company Limited by Palladium Insurance Limited and Bank of
America, N.A. seeking approximately $27 million plus exemplary damages in
connection with alleged reinsurance agreements. A similar lawsuit seeking
approximately $8.5 million for breach of an alleged insurance policy was
previously filed by PXRe Corporation. The Company believes it has numerous
defenses to these claims, including the defense that the alleged reinsurance
agreements and insurance policy were not valid. The Company intends to
vigorously defend these matters; however, the outcome cannot be predicted at
this time.
On May 29, 2001, Reliance Insurance Company was placed in rehabilitation by
the Pennsylvania Insurance Department. During the third quarter of 2001, the
Pennsylvania Insurance Department removed Reliance Insurance Company from
rehabilitation and placed it into liquidation. Reliance Insurance Company and
its affiliates owed the Company approximately $26 million in reinsurance
recoverables for paid and unpaid losses at December 31, 2001. In addition, a
portion of the Reliance recoverables are the subject of dispute. These balances
were considered in the normal course of assessing the collectability of
reinsurance recoverables and an allowance was established.
The Company has other contingencies that arise in the normal conduct of its
operations. In the opinion of management, the resolution of these contingencies
are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial condition
or results of operations.
36
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
11. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (continued)
(b) The Company entered into various lease agreements for office space.
Certain leases have options permitting renewals for additional periods. As well
as minimum fixed rentals, certain leases contain escalation clauses related to
the cost of living in future years. The future minimum aggregate rental
commitments for office space at December 31, 2001, under non-cancelable
operating leases are as follows:
(dollars in thousands)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 $ 3,557
2003 2,742
2004 2,460
2005 2,361
2006 3,924
2007 and later years 19,227
--------
$34,271
========
Rental expense on property leases of $4,481,000, $5,057,000, and $4,467,000
was incurred for the periods to December 31, 2001, 2000, and 1999, respectively.
12. Related Party Transactions
At December 31, 2001, the Company had outstanding interest free short-term
borrowings of $54.8 million due to its parent company, Markel Corporation.
Effective January 1, 2001, the Company entered into a quota share
reinsurance agreement (the "Agreement") with certain United States insurance
subsidiaries of its parent, Markel Corporation. Under the Agreement the
Company's subsidiary, Markel Capital Limited, cedes 24% of 2001 year of account
net written premiums and related losses and expenses to these subsidiaries. For
the year ended December 31, 2001, the Company ceded premiums totalling $71.3
million.
13. Long-Term Debt
At December 31, 2000, the Company had $75 million of 7.2% Senior Notes due
August 7, 2007 and $100 million of 7.0% Senior Notes due May 8, 2008. During
2001, Markel Capital repurchased $2.0 million of these Notes. At December 31,
2001, the Company had $74 million of 7.2% Senior Notes due August 7, 2007 and
$99 million of 7.0% Senior Notes due May 8, 2008.
The estimated fair value of the $173 million debt at December 31, 2001 was
$161.4 million, and the estimated fair value of the $175 million debt at
December 31, 2000 was $161.2 million.
The Senior Notes were issued by Markel International and are guaranteed
fully and unconditionally by Bermuda Holdings. The Senior Notes may be redeemed
at any time at the option of Markel International at a redemption price equal to
the sum of: (i) the principal amount of the Senior Notes being redeemed plus
accrued interest to the redemption date; and (ii) the make-whole amount, if any.
37
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
14. Segment Information
On March 24, 2000, the Company was acquired by Markel. As a result, Markel
realigned its operations with the Company becoming its international division.
The Company's operating segments have been changed in accordance with this
realignment. The Company now includes three operating segments: the London
Company Market, the Lloyd's Market and Investing. All investing activities are
included in the Investing operating segment. Discontinued programs and
non-strategic insurance subsidiaries are included in Other for purposes of
segment reporting. Effective January 1, 2002, the Company realigned its Markel
International underwriting operations along product lines and customers and
combined the operations of four Lloyd's syndicates into one. As a result of
these changes, the Company will have the ability to compete in the London
Insurance Market without distinction between the London Company Market and the
Lloyd's Market.
The Company considers many factors including the nature of the underwriting
units' insurance products, production sources, distribution strategies and
regulatory environment in determining how to aggregate operating segments.
Segment profit or loss is measured by underwriting profit or loss. Segment
profit for the Investing operating segment is measured by net investment income
and realized net gains or losses.
The Company does not allocate assets to the operating divisions for
management reporting purposes. The total investment portfolio and cash and cash
equivalents are allocated to the Investing operating segment. The Company does
not allocate capital expenditure for long-lived assets to any of its operating
segments for management reporting purposes.
(a) The table below summarizes the segment disclosures for the years ended
December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999. Prior year amounts have been reclassified to
conform with the current year presentation.
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000 1999
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Segment Revenue
London Company Market $ 141,646 $ 186,655 $ 227,694
Lloyd's Market 302,250 248,214 141,022
Investing 92,684 93,628 120,708
Other 96,020 168,671 216,565
---------- ---------- ----------
Total $ 632,600 $ 697,168 $ 705,989
========== ========== ==========
Segment (Loss) Profit
London Company Market $ (44,232) $ (74,707) $ (57,026)
Lloyd's Market (97,575) (48,174) (6,884)
Investing 92,684 93,628 120,708
Other (114,364) (80,868) (112,911)
---------- ---------- ----------
Total $(163,487) $(110,121) $ (56,113)
========== ========== ==========
Combined Ratio
London Company Market 131% 140% 125%
Lloyd's Market 132% 119% 105%
Investing - - -
Other 219% 148% 152%
---------- ---------- ----------
Total 147% 134% 130%
========== ========== ==========
38
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
14. Segment Information (continued)
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000 1999
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Segment Assets
Investing $1,423,971 $1,368,900 $1,490,808
Other 1,652,206 1,267,691 1,140,892
----------- ----------- ----------
Total $3,076,177 $2,636,591 $2,631,700
=========== =========== ==========
(b) The table below reconciles segment loss to the Company's consolidated
financial statements.
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000 1999
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Segment loss $(163,487) $(110,121) $(56,113)
Reconciling items:
Interest expense (12,365) (12,400) (12,400)
Merger expenses - (18,416) -
Amortization expense (4,371) (3,789) (4,089)
----------- ----------- ----------
Net loss before tax $(180,223) $(144,726) $(72,602)
=========== =========== ==========
15. Statutory Financial Data
(a) Terra Nova files an annual audited return with the Financial Services
Authority (the "FSA"), in the U.K.. The regulations require U.K. insurance
companies to comply with prescribed minimum solvency margins. Assets and
liabilities reported within the annual FSA Return are prepared subject to
specified rules concerning valuation and admissibility. Consequently, net assets
reported within the Return may vary from net assets as they appear in Terra
Nova's published financial statements.
Terra Nova's unaudited required minimum statutory solvency margin and
unaudited statutory solvency margin at December 31, 2001, were $28,978,000 and
$57,863,000, respectively. Terra Nova's unaudited and estimated FSA Return
policyholders' surplus and unaudited net income for the year ended December 31,
2001, and the audited FSA Return policyholders' surplus and net income as
reported in the annual returns to the FSA for the years ended December 31, 2000
and 1999, are as follows:
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000 1999
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Unaudited)
Policyholders' surplus $86,841 $137,067 $154,920
Net loss before dividends (33,013) (20,506) (7,315)
Terra Nova's ability to pay dividends is limited by applicable FSA
requirements, which require Terra Nova to give 14 days' advance notice to the
FSA of its intention to declare and pay a dividend. In addition, Terra Nova must
comply with the Companies Act 1985 which provides that dividends may only be
paid out of distributable profits.
(b) Terra Nova (Bermuda)'s ability to pay dividends is subject to certain
regulatory restrictions. Under the Insurance Act of 1978, amendments to it and
related regulations of Bermuda (the "Act"), Terra Nova (Bermuda) is required to
file Bermuda statutory financial statements and a statutory financial return.
The Act and conditions imposed by the Bermuda regulators also require Terra Nova
(Bermuda) to maintain certain measures of solvency and liquidity during the
year.
Terra Nova (Bermuda) ceased accepting new business on April 2, 2000. On
September 15, 2000, Terra Nova (Bermuda) de-registered as a Class 4 insurer, and
obtained approval as Class 3 insurer.
39
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
15. Statutory Financial Data (continued)
Terra Nova (Bermuda)'s statutory capital and surplus and minimum required
statutory capital and surplus and net income for the years ended December 31,
2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively, were:
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000 1999
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Unaudited)
Statutory capital and surplus $100,363 $104,898 $168,261
Minimum required statutory capital and surplus 100,000 100,000 100,000
Net income before dividends 32,272 24,345 69,681
(c) Markel Capital must comply with the Companies Act 1985 which provides
that dividends may only be paid out of distributable profits.
Bermuda Holdings' and Markel International's ability to meet their expenses
and debt services requirements is dependent upon the ability of Terra Nova and
Terra Nova (Bermuda) to pay dividends as described above.
16. Summarized Financial Information for Markel International Limited ("Markel
International")
Markel International's summarized consolidated balance sheet information as
at December 31, 2001, and December 31, 2000, and summarized consolidated
statement of operations information for the year ended December 31, 2001, and
2000, are set out below.
Markel International is the issuer of $75 million 7.2% Senior Notes due
2007 and $100 million 7.0% Senior Notes due 2008. During 2001, Markel Capital
repurchased $2.0 million of this debt. The Senior Notes are guaranteed fully and
unconditionally by the Company.
December 31,
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investments and cash $1,094,932 $ 964,969
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses 1,070,378 723,787
Accrued premium income 137,136 146,061
Other assets 546,436 471,243
------------------ -----------------
Total assets $2,848,882 $2,306,060
================== =================
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses $2,106,356 $1,573,617
Unearned premiums 351,131 363,412
Long-term debt 173,016 175,000
Other liabilities 186,424 93,680
------------------ -----------------
Total liabilities 2,816,927 2,205,709
------------------ -----------------
Total shareholder's equity 31,955 100,351
------------------ -----------------
Total liabilities and shareholder's equity $2,848,882 $2,306,060
================== =================
40
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
16. Summarized Financial Information for Markel International Limited
(continued)
Year ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands) 2001 2000 1999
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net earned premiums $ 532,770 $ 571,497 $ 529,651
Net investment income 52,096 52,482 56,034
Realized investment gains 14,427 1,452 20,332
Foreign exchange (losses) gains (1,742) 4,407 2,945
Agency income 4,320 10,715 12,369
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Total revenues 601,871 640,553 621,331
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Underwriting costs and expenses 814,671 796,341 749,730
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
(Loss) from operations before income tax and
extraordinary charge (212,800) (155,788) (128,399)
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Net (loss) $ (153,763) $(143,361) $ (90,771)
================ ================ ================
17. Unaudited Selected Quarterly Financial Data
Three months Three months Three months Three months
ended ended ended ended
(dollars in thousands) March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001
Gross premium volume $250,627 $131,652 $186,175 $201,517
Net written premium 184,296 79,319 75,622 147,155
Net retention 74% 60% 41% 73%
Net earned premiums 136,969 105,864 141,851 155,232
Underwriting loss (22,272) (18,497) (122,608) (92,793)
GAAP combined ratio 116% 117% 186% 160%
2000
Gross premium volume $289,867 $162,964 $129,413 $123,161
Net written premium 241,402 108,690 93,298 101,504
Net retention 83% 67% 72% 82%
Net earned premiums 154,736 170,809 131,449 146,545
Underwriting loss (100,555) (37,701) (25,950) (39,546)
GAAP combined ratio 165% 122% 120% 127%
18. Derivatives
The Company uses derivative instruments to hedge against fluctuations in
foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. Derivatives are not
typically used by the Company for trading purposes.
The Company purchased foreign exchange forward contracts which have been
designated as hedges of net investments in subsidiaries. The contracts are
recorded at fair value, with the change in fair value recorded in other
comprehensive income (OCI) to the extent the change is equal to or less than the
offsetting adjustment recorded in OCI that arose by translating the hedged
foreign operation's financial statements into the Company's reporting currency.
The amount of the change in fair value of the forward contracts in excess of the
adjustment to the net investment is included in earnings. At December 31, 2001
and 2000, the Company held positions in foreign exchange forward contracts with
an aggregate notional amount of $55.3 million and $45.3 million, respectively,
to buy United Kingdom Sterling. Contracts unsettled at December 31, 2001 mature
in June 2002. The fair value of the unsettled forward contracts and the gain
(loss) on settled and unsettled forward contracts were immaterial at and for the
years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
41
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
19. Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In July 2001 the FASB issued Statement No. 141, Business Combinations, and
Statement No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. Statement 141 requires
that the purchase method of accounting be used for all business combinations and
specifies criteria intangible assets acquired in a business combination must
meet to be recognised and reported apart from goodwill. Statement 142 will
require that goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives no
longer be amortized, but instead tested for impairment at least annually.
Statement 142 will also require that intangible assets with estimable useful
lives be amortized over their respective estimated useful lives to their
estimated residual values, and reviewed for impairment.
The Company adopted the provisions of Statement 141 as of July 1, 2001 and
Statement 142 is effective January 1, 2002. Goodwill and intangible assets
acquired in business combinations completed before July 1, 2001 continued to be
amortized and tested for impairment during 2001.
Statement 141 requires upon adoption of Statement 142, that the Company
evaluate its existing intangible assets and goodwill that were acquired in a
prior purchase business combination, and to make any necessary reclassifications
in order to conform with the new criteria in Statement 141 for recognition apart
from goodwill. Upon adoption of Statement 142, the Company will be required to
reassess the useful lives and residual values of all intangible assets acquired,
and make any necessary amortization period adjustments. In addition to the
extent an intangible asset is identified as having an indefinite useful life,
the Company will be required to test the intangible for impairment in accordance
with the provisions of Statement 142. Any impairment loss will be measured as of
January 1, 2002 and recognised as the cumulative effect of a change in
accounting principle.
In connection with the transitional goodwill impairment evaluation,
Statement 142 requires the company to perform an assessment of whether there is
an indication that goodwill is impaired of January 1, 2002. Any transitional
impairment loss will be recognised as the cumulative effect of a change in
accounting principle in the Company's consolidated statement of operations.
At December 31, 2001, the Company had unamortized goodwill in the amount of
$23.2 million and unamortized other intangible assets in the amount of $26.0
million, all of which will be subject to the transition provisions of Statements
141 and 142. Amortization expense related to goodwill was $4.4 million, $3.8
million and $4.1 million for 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. The Company has
not completed the extensive effort needed to comply with adopting Statements 141
and 142. Therefore it is not practical to reasonably estimate the impact of
adopting these Statements on the Company's consolidated financial statements at
the date of this report, including whether any transitional impairment losses
will be recognised.
42
ITEM 9 - CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
PART IV
ITEM 14 - EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS OF FORM 8-K
(a) Index to Financial Statements. The financial statements filed as part
of this report are listed in the Index to Financial Statements on page 12.
Index to Financial Statement Schedules Page
-------------------------------------- ----
Schedule II(a) - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant
(Parent Company)
- Condensed Balance Sheets 44
Schedule II(b) - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant
(Parent Company)
- Condensed Statements of Operations 45
Schedule II(c) - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant
(Parent Company)
- Condensed Statements of Cash Flows 46
Schedules I, III, IV, V and VI have been omitted since they either
are not required or are not applicable, or the information called
for is shown in the consolidated financial statements.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K.
None.
(c) Exhibits. The Index to Exhibits and the Exhibits filed as
part of this report. 47
43
Supplemental Schedule II(a)
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (1)
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
(dollars in thousands)
December 31,
----------------------------------------
2001 2000
ASSETS
------
Investment in subsidiaries $169,769 $250,618
Fixed maturities 1,514 22,878
Common stocks - 4,493
-------------- --------------
Total investments 171,283 277,989
Other assets 9,295 12,019
-------------- --------------
Total assets $180,578 $290,008
============== ==============
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY
------------------------------------
Other liabilities $ 19,856 $ 11,303
-------------- --------------
Total liabilities 19,856 11,303
-------------- --------------
Total shareholder's equity 160,722 278,705
-------------- --------------
Total liabilities and shareholder's equity $180,578 $290,008
============== ==============
(1) The parent company condensed financial information should be read in
conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, notes and the
accompanying reports of the independent accountants.
44
Supplemental Schedule II(b)
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (1)
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(dollars in thousands)
Year Ended
December 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------
2001 2000 1999
Revenues:
Net investment income $ 3,515 $ 7,082 $ 3,497
Realized gains (losses) on sales of investments 1,447 5,134 (29)
Foreign exchange gains 53 54 -
----------------- ---------------- -----------------
Total revenues 5,015 12,270 3,468
----------------- ---------------- -----------------
Expenses:
Deferred debt expenses - - 665
Salaries - 2,391 6,722
Legal and professional expenses 78 6,927 1,824
Other expenses 327 12,086 1,111
----------------- ---------------- -----------------
Total expenses 405 21,404 10,322
----------------- ---------------- -----------------
Loss from operations before equity in
net income of consolidated subsidiaries 4,610 (9,134) (6,854)
Equity in net loss of
consolidated subsidiaries (125,795) (123,165) (28,120)
----------------- ---------------- -----------------
Net (loss) $ (121,185) $ (132,299) $ (34,974)
================= ================ =================
(1) The parent company condensed financial information should be read in
conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, notes and the
accompanying reports of the independent accountants.
45
Supplemental Schedule II(c)
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (1)
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(dollars in thousands)
Year Ended
December 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------
2001 2000 1999
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss) income $ (121,185) $ (132,299) $ (34,974)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
(used in) provided by operating activities:
Equity in net loss of consolidated
subsidiaries 125,795 123,165 28,120
Realized capital (gains) losses (1,447) (5,134) 29
Stock option compensation expense - 9,638 (660)
Change in accrued investment income 447 838 (976)
Change in other assets and liabilities, net (4,764) 3,989 4,235
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities (1,154) 197 (4,226)
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds of fixed maturities sold 9,094 58,826 11,774
Proceeds of stocks sold - 66,927 -
Purchase of fixed maturities (1,007) (26,834) (34,211)
Purchase of stocks (632) (28,397) -
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 7,455 70,522 (22,437)
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Purchase of new share capital in subsidiary (2) (7,002) (667) -
Proceeds from shares issued - 46 3,145
Stock repurchases - - (3,887)
Ordinary dividends received from subsidiary
company (3) 102 68 37,889
Ordinary dividends paid to shareholders - (75,000) (6,155)
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (6,900) (75,553) 30,992
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Change in cash and cash equivalents (599) (4,834) 4,329
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 975 5,809 1,480
--------------- --------------- ---------------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 376 $ 975 $ 5,809
=============== =============== ===============
(1) The parent company condensed financial information should be read in
conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, notes and the
accompanying reports of the independent accountants.
(2) Total purchase of new share capital in subsidiary company was $86 million
and $188 million in 2001 and 2000, respectively.
(3) Total dividends received from subsidiaries were $45 million, $40 million
and $213 million in 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively.
46
Item 14 - Exhibits
------------------
(c) Exhibits
Exhibit
Number
3.1 Certificate of Incorporation and Memorandum of Association of the Company
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Company's Registration
Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 33-93358).
3.2 Amended and Restated Bye-Laws of the Company (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.2 of the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1,
Registration No. 333-1726).
4 The registrant hereby agrees to furnish to the Securities and Exchange
Commission a copy of all instructions defining the rights of holders of
long-term debt of the registrant and subsidiaries shown on the Consolidated
Balance Sheet of registrant at December 31, 2001, and the respective Notes
thereto, included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
47
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
TERRA NOVA (BERMUDA) HOLDINGS LTD
By: Anthony F. Markel
President and Chief Executive Officer
March 28, 2002
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report
has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and
in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature and Title Date
------------------- -----
By /S/ JEREMY D. COOKE March 28, 2002
Jeremy D. Cooke
President
By /S/ ANDREW J. DAVIES March 28, 2002
Andrew J. Davies
Finance Director, Principal Accounting Officer and Principal
Financial Officer
By /S/ STEVEN A. MARKEL March 28, 2002
Steven A. Markel
Director
By /S/ ANTHONY F. MARKEL March 28, 2002
Anthony F. Markel
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
By /S/ ALAN I. KIRSHNER March 28, 2002
Alan I. Kirshner
Director
By /S/ DARRELL D. MARTIN March 28, 2002
Darrell D. Martin
Director
48