UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A INFORMATION

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of

the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Filed by the Registrant  ☒                             Filed by a party other than the Registrant  ☐

Check the appropriate box:

EHEALTH, INC.

(Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if Other than the Registrant)

Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):

2625 Augustine Drive, Second Floor

Santa Clara, CA 95054

(650) 584-2700

April 29, 2019

Dear Stockholder:

You are cordially invited to attend the Annual Meeting of Stockholders of eHealth, Inc. that will be held on June 11, 2019 at 8:30 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time at the Garden Court Hotel, located at 520 Cowper Street, Palo Alto, California 94301.

In connection with our 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, we have elected to provide access to our proxy materials over the Internet to all stockholders under the Securities and Exchange Commission’s “notice and access” rules. We believe that our use of this process should expedite stockholders’ receipt of proxy materials, lower the costs of our annual meeting and help to conserve natural resources. Printed copies of the proxy materials, including the Proxy Statement and Annual Report, will be mailed upon request.

Your vote is important. Whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting, we ask you to vote as soon as possible.

You may vote over the Internet as well as by telephone or by mailing a proxy or voting instruction form. Voting over the Internet, by telephone, by written proxy or by written voting instruction form will ensure your representation at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders regardless of whether or not you attend in person. Please review the instructions on the proxy, voting instruction form or important notice regarding availability of proxy materials regarding each of these voting options.

Also, please let us know if you plan to attend our annual meeting by marking the appropriate box on the enclosed proxy card if you have requested to receive printed proxy materials, or if you vote by telephone or Internet, indicating your plans when prompted.

Thank you for your ongoing support of eHealth, Inc.

Sincerely yours,

Scott N. Flanders

Chief Executive Officer and Director

EHEALTH, INC.

Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders

to be held on June 11, 2019

To the Stockholders of eHealth, Inc.:

The Annual Meeting of Stockholders of eHealth, Inc., a Delaware corporation, will be held at the Garden Court Hotel, located at 520 Cowper Street, Palo Alto, California 94301, on Tuesday, June 11, 2019 at 8:30 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time for the following purposes:

The foregoing items of business are more fully described in the Proxy Statement accompanying this Notice or made available over the Internet. We are not aware of any other business to come before the Annual Meeting.

Only stockholders of eHealth as of the close of business on April 15, 2019 and their proxies are entitled to notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting and any postponements, adjournments or continuations thereof.

All stockholders are invited to attend the Annual Meeting in person. Any stockholder attending the Annual Meeting may vote in person even if the stockholder returned a proxy. Please note, however, that if your shares are held of record by a broker, bank or other nominee and you wish to vote at the Annual Meeting, you must obtain a proxy issued in your name from the record holder giving you the right to vote the shares.

By Order of the Board of Directors,

Scott Giesler

Secretary

Santa Clara, California

April 29, 2019

eHealth, Inc.

2625 Augustine Drive, Second Floor

Santa Clara, CA 95054

(650) 584-2700

PROXY STATEMENT

The Board of Directors of eHealth, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company”), is soliciting proxies in the accompanying form to be used at our Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held at the Garden Court Hotel, located at 520 Cowper Street, Palo Alto, California 94301, on Tuesday, June 11, 2019 at 8:30 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time and for any postponement, adjournment or continuation thereof (the “Annual Meeting”).

On or about April 29, 2019, we expect to mail to our stockholders a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials containing instructions on how to access our proxy statement for our Annual Meeting and our Annual Report to stockholders, how to vote online or by telephone, and how to receive a paper copy of the proxy materials by mail.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT

THE PROXY MATERIALS AND THE ANNUAL MEETING

What proposals will be voted on at the Annual Meeting?

Four proposals are scheduled to be voted on at the Annual Meeting:

We will also consider any other business that properly comes before the meeting. If any other matters are properly brought before the meeting, the persons named in the enclosed proxy card or voter instruction card will vote the shares they represent using their judgment.

What are the recommendations of the board of directors?

Our board of directors unanimously recommends that you vote:

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Will there be any other items of business on the agenda?

We do not expect any other items of business, because the deadline for stockholder proposals and nominations has already passed. Nonetheless, in case there is an unforeseen need, the accompanying proxy gives discretionary authority to the persons named on the proxy with respect to any other matters that might be brought before the Annual Meeting or at any postponement or adjournment of the Annual Meeting. Those persons intend to vote that proxy in accordance with their judgment. If for any reason any of the nominees are not available as candidates for director, and our board of directors has not reduced the authorized number of directors on our board of directors, the persons named as proxy holders will vote your proxy for such other candidate or candidates as may be nominated by the board of directors.

What constitutes a quorum?

As of the close of business on April 15, 2019 (the “Record Date”), there were 22,646,434 shares of our common stock outstanding. The presence at the Annual Meeting or at any postponement or adjournment of the Annual Meeting, in person or by proxy, of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the common stock outstanding on the Record Date will constitute a quorum. Both abstentions and broker non-votes are counted for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum.

Who is entitled to vote?

Stockholders holding shares of our common stock at the close of business on the Record Date may vote at the Annual Meeting or at any postponement or adjournment of the Annual Meeting. You may vote all shares owned by you as of the Record Date, including (i) shares held directly in your name as the stockholder of record and (ii) shares held for you as the beneficial owner in street name through a broker, bank or other nominee. Each holder of our common stock is entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held as of the Record Date.

What is the difference between holding shares as a stockholder of record and as a beneficial owner?

Stockholder of Record. If your shares are registered directly in your name with our transfer agent, Computershare Trust Company, N.A., you are considered, with respect to those shares, the “stockholder of record.”

Beneficial Owner. If your shares are held in a stock brokerage account or by a bank or other nominee, you are considered the “beneficial owner” of shares held in street name. Your broker, bank or nominee is considered with respect to those shares the stockholder of record. As the beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your broker, bank or nominee how to vote your shares. Other than on routine matters, such as a proposal to ratify an independent registered public accounting firm, your broker will not be able to vote your shares unless your broker receives specific voting instructions from you. You must give your broker voting instructions in order for your vote to be counted on the proposal to elect directors (Proposal 1), the proposal regarding a vote to approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of our Named Executive Officers (Proposal 3) and the proposal regarding an amendment to our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan to increase the maximum number of shares that may be issued by 2,500,000 shares (Proposal 4). We strongly encourage you to vote.

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How do I vote?

You may vote using any of the following methods:

Can I change my vote or revoke my proxy?

If you are a stockholder of record, you may revoke your proxy at any time prior to the vote at the Annual Meeting. If you submitted your proxy by mail, you must file with our Secretary a written notice of revocation or deliver, prior to the vote at the Annual Meeting, a valid, later-dated proxy. If you submitted your proxy by telephone or the Internet, you may revoke your proxy with a later telephone or Internet proxy, as the case may be.

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Attendance at the Annual Meeting will not have the effect of revoking a proxy unless you give written notice of revocation to the Secretary before the proxy is exercised or you vote by written ballot at the Annual Meeting. If you are a beneficial owner, you may vote by submitting new voting instructions to your broker, bank or nominee, or, if you have obtained a legal proxy from your broker, bank or nominee giving you the right to vote your shares, by attending the meeting and voting in person.

How are votes counted?

In the election of the Class I directors (Proposal 1), you may vote “FOR” the nominees or your vote may be “WITHHELD” with respect to one or more of the nominees. With respect to the ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2019 (Proposal 2), the vote to approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of our Named Executive Officers (Proposal 3) and the vote to approve an amendment to our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan to increase the maximum number of shares that may be issued by 2,500,000 shares (Proposal 4), you may vote “FOR,” vote “AGAINST” or “ABSTAIN.” If you “ABSTAIN,” the abstention has no effect on the voting results, although abstentions are considered votes cast for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum. If you provide specific instructions, your shares will be voted as you instruct.

If you sign your proxy card with no further instructions, your shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendations of the board of directors (“FOR” the Class I nominees to the board of directors (Proposal 1), “FOR” the ratification of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2019 (Proposal 2), “FOR” the approval, on an advisory basis, of the compensation of our Named Executive Officers (Proposal 3), “FOR” the approval of an amendment to our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan to increase the maximum number of shares that may be issued by 2,500,000 shares (Proposal 4) and in the discretion of the proxy holders on any other matters that properly come before the Annual Meeting or any postponement or adjournment of the Annual Meeting). If you are a beneficial holder and do not return a voting instruction form, your broker, bank or nominee may only vote on the ratification of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2019 (Proposal 2).

What vote is required to approve each item?

In the election of the Class I directors (Proposal 1), the two persons receiving the highest number of “FOR” votes cast at the Annual Meeting in person or by proxy or at any postponement or adjournment of the Annual Meeting will be elected. The ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2019 (Proposal 2), the vote to approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of our Named Executive Officers (Proposal 3) and the vote to approve an amendment to our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan to increase the maximum number of shares that may be issued by 2,500,000 shares (Proposal 4) require the affirmative “FOR” vote of a majority of the votes cast affirmatively or negatively at the Annual Meeting in person or by proxy or at any postponement or adjournment of the Annual Meeting.

What are broker non-votes and what effect do they have on the proposals?

If you hold your shares beneficially in street name and do not provide your broker, bank or nominee with voting instructions, your shares may constitute “broker non-votes.” Generally, broker non-votes occur when a broker (1) has not received voting instructions from the beneficial owner with respect to a particular proposal and (2) lacks discretionary voting power to vote those shares with respect to that particular proposal. In tabulating the voting results for any particular proposal, shares that constitute broker non-votes are not considered votes cast on that proposal. Thus, other than being counted for the purpose of determining a quorum, broker non-votes will not affect the outcome of any matter being voted on at the Annual Meeting or any postponement or adjournment of the Annual Meeting, assuming that a quorum is obtained.

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A broker is entitled to vote shares held for a beneficial owner on “routine” matters, such as the ratification of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2019 (Proposal 2), without instructions from the beneficial owner of those shares. On the other hand, absent instructions from the beneficial owner of such shares, a broker is not entitled to vote shares held for a beneficial owner on certain “non-routine” matters, such as the election of our Class I directors (Proposal 1), the vote to approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of our Named Executive Officers (Proposal 3) and the vote to approve an amendment to our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan to increase the maximum number of shares that may be issued by 2,500,000 shares (Proposal 4).

Broker non-votes are counted for purposes of determining whether or not a quorum exists for the transaction of business at the Annual Meeting or any postponement or adjournment of the Annual Meeting, but will not be counted for purposes of determining the number of shares represented and voted with respect to an individual proposal, and therefore will have no effect on the outcome of the vote on an individual proposal. Thus, if you do not give your broker specific voting instructions, your shares may not be voted on these “non-routine” matters and will not be counted in determining the number of shares necessary for approval.

Is cumulative voting permitted for the election of directors?

No. Neither our charter nor our bylaws permit cumulative voting at any election of directors.

I am a stockholder, and I only received a copy of the Important Notice Regarding Availability of Proxy Materials in the mail. How may I obtain a full set of the proxy materials?

In accordance with the “notice and access” rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, we may furnish proxy materials, including this proxy statement and our 2018 Annual Report, to our stockholders of record and beneficial owners of shares by providing access to such documents on the Internet instead of mailing printed copies. Stockholders will not receive printed copies of the proxy materials unless they request them. Instead, the Notice of Availability, which was mailed to our stockholders, will instruct you as to how you may access and review all of the proxy materials on the Internet. If you would like to receive a paper or electronic copy of our proxy materials, you should follow the instructions for requesting such materials in the Notice of Availability.

I share an address with another stockholder, and we received only one printed copy of the proxy materials. How may I obtain an additional copy of the proxy materials?

We have adopted a procedure called “householding,” which the Securities and Exchange Commission has approved. Under this procedure, we deliver a single copy of the Notice of Availability and, if applicable, the proxy materials and the 2018 Annual Report to multiple stockholders who share the same address unless we received contrary instructions from one or more of the stockholders. This procedure reduces our printing costs, mailing costs and fees. Stockholders who participate in householding will continue to be able to access and receive separate proxy cards. Upon written or oral request, we will deliver promptly a separate copy of the Notice of Availability and, if applicable, the proxy materials and the 2018 Annual Report to any stockholder at a shared address to which we delivered a single copy of any of these documents. To receive a separate copy of the Notice of Availability and, if applicable, these proxy materials or the 2018 Annual Report, stockholders may contact us at the following address and telephone number:

Investor Relations

eHealth, Inc.

2625 Augustine Drive, Second Floor

Santa Clara, CA 95054

(650) 210-3111

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Stockholders who hold shares in street name (as described above) may contact their brokerage firm, bank, broker-dealer or other similar organization to request information about householding.

Who pays the cost of proxy solicitation?

The costs and expenses of soliciting the proxy accompanying this Proxy Statement from stockholders will be borne by us. Our employees, officers and directors may solicit proxies in person, by telephone or by electronic communication. None of these individuals will receive any additional or special compensation for doing this, but they may be reimbursed for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses. We may engage the services of proxy solicitors to assist us in the distribution of proxy materials and the solicitation of votes, for which we will pay customary fees plus reasonable out-of-pocket expenses. We have retained Kingsdale Shareholder Services, U.S. LLC to provide strategic advisory and proxy solicitation services for an estimated fee of $30,000, plus reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses. In addition, we may reimburse brokerage houses and other custodians, nominees and fiduciaries for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses for forwarding proxy and solicitation material to the beneficial owners of common stock.

Who will serve as inspector of elections?

Our officers are authorized to designate an inspector of elections for the meeting. It is anticipated that the inspector of elections will be a representative from Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

What is the date of our fiscal year end?

This proxy statement provides information about the matters to be voted on at the Annual Meeting and additional information about us and our executive officers and directors. Some of the information is provided as of the end of our 2018 fiscal year and some information is provided as of a more current date. Our fiscal year ends on December 31.

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PROPOSAL 1

ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

General

Our board of directors currently consists of six directors. Our certificate of incorporation provides for a classified board of directors consisting of three classes of directors, each serving staggered three-year terms. As a result, a portion of our board of directors is elected each year.

Our Class I directors, whose term will expire at the Annual Meeting, are Scott N. Flanders and Michael D. Goldberg. Our board of directors has nominated Class I directors Scott N. Flanders and Michael D. Goldberg for election at the Annual Meeting. If elected, Messrs. Flanders and Goldberg will serve as directors until the Annual Meeting of Stockholders in 2022 and until their respective successors are elected and qualified, subject to earlier resignation or removal.

The names and certain information about the continuing directors in each of the three classes of the board of directors are set forth below. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.

It is intended that the proxies will be voted, unless otherwise indicated, FOR the election of the nominees (Messrs. Flanders and Goldberg) as Class I directors. If any of the nominees should for any reason be unable or unwilling to serve at any time prior to the Annual Meeting, the proxies will be voted FOR the election of such other person(s) as the board of directors may designate as substitute nominee(s) in place of such nominee(s).

Nominees for Class I Directors

The following paragraphs provide information as of the date of this proxy statement about each of our nominees for director. The information presented includes information each nominee has given us about the nominee’s age, positions held, principal occupation and business experience for at least the past five years, and directorships of publicly-held companies for the past five years. We also describe the specific qualifications of each of our nominees that contribute to the board’s effectiveness as a whole. We believe that each of our nominees possesses integrity, honesty, sound judgment, high ethical standards and a commitment of service to us.

The names of the nominees for Class I director and certain biographical information about them as of the date of this proxy statement are set forth below:

Scott N. Flanders. Chief Executive Officer and Director. Scott Flanders has served as our chief executive officer since May 2016 and as a member of our board of directors since February 2008. Prior to becoming our chief executive officer, Mr. Flanders served as the chief executive officer of Playboy Enterprises, Inc., a media and lifestyle company, from July 2009 to May 2016, and continues to serve as a member of its board of directors. Previously, Mr. Flanders served as the president and chief executive officer of Freedom Communications, Inc., a privately-owned media company, from January 2006 to June 2009, and as a member of its board of directors from 2001 to 2009. Freedom Communications, Inc. filed a voluntary petition under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in September 2009. From 1999 to July 2005, Mr. Flanders served as the chairman and chief

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executive officer of Columbia House Company, a direct marketer of music and video products, which was acquired by Bertelsmann AG in July 2005. Mr. Flanders holds a B.A. degree in economics from the University of Colorado and a J.D. from Indiana University. He is also a certified public accountant. Mr. Flanders brings to our board of directors substantial management and operational expertise as a result of his experience as our chief executive officer, his leadership of several large media companies and his background in law and accounting, all of which are relevant to our overall business.

Michael D. Goldberg. Director. Michael Goldberg has served as a director since June 1999. Mr. Goldberg has served as the executive chairman of DNAnexus, Inc., a cloud-based genomic data company, and as an advisor at other private life science companies since May 2011. From January 2005 to May 2011, Mr. Goldberg was a partner at Mohr Davidow Ventures, a venture capital firm. From October 2000 to December 2004, Mr. Goldberg served as a managing director of Jasper Capital, a management and financial consultancy business. In 1995, Mr. Goldberg founded OnCare, Inc., an oncology practice management company, and served as its chief executive officer until March 1999 and as its chairman until August 2001. Mr. Goldberg previously served as founder, president and chief executive officer of Axion, Inc., a cancer-focused healthcare service company, from 1987 to 1995. Mr. Goldberg holds a B.A. in philosophy from Brandeis University and an M.B.A from the Stanford Graduate School of Business. Mr. Goldberg serves as the chairman of the board of directors of CareDx, Inc. Mr. Goldberg brings to our board of directors his broad background as a seasoned entrepreneur, senior executive and as a venture capital investor focusing on healthcare-related industries, all of which has provided him with deep understanding of the healthcare field and significant experience overseeing corporate strategy, assessing operating strategy and evaluating business management teams.

Required Vote and Board of Directors Recommendation

The two candidates receiving the highest number of affirmative votes cast in person or by proxy at the Annual Meeting or at any postponement or adjournment of the Annual Meeting will be elected as directors to serve until their respective successors have been duly elected and qualified, subject to earlier resignation or removal.

The board of directors recommends a vote “FOR” election as directors of each of the nominees set forth above.

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DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Directors Not Standing for Election

The following paragraphs provide information as of the date of this proxy statement about the continuing members of our board of directors not standing for election at the Annual Meeting. Directors’ service terms expire at the Annual Meeting in the years set forth below. The information presented includes information each director has given us about his or her age, positions held, principal occupation and business experience for at least the past five years, and directorships of publicly-held companies for the past five years. We also describe the specific qualifications of each of our directors that contribute to the board’s effectiveness as a whole. We believe that all of our directors possess integrity, honesty, sound judgment, high ethical standards and a commitment of service to us.

Andrea C. Brimmer. Director. Andrea Brimmer has served as a director since December 2018. Ms. Brimmer has served as enterprise chief marketing and public relations officer of Ally Financial Inc., a leading digital financial services company, since May 2015. Ms. Brimmer served as chief marketing officer of Ally Auto from 2010 to January 2015 and as marketing executive from 2007 to 2010. From 1988 to 2007, Ms. Brimmer held various marketing, business development and public relations positions at an advertising agency, Campbell-Ewald Advertising, including as executive vice president and account director. Ms. Brimmer holds a B.A. in advertising from Michigan State University. Ms. Brimmer brings to our board of directors her expertise in marketing, public relations and business development acquired in the course of serving as the chief marketing officer of a leading financial services company and as an executive at an advertising agency.

Randall S. Livingston. Director. Randall Livingston has served as a director since December 2008. Mr. Livingston has served as vice president for business affairs and chief financial officer of Stanford University since 2001 and as university liaison for Stanford Medicine and a board member of Stanford Health Care and Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford since October 2017. From 1999 to 2001, Mr. Livingston served as executive vice president and chief financial officer of OpenTV Corp., a provider of interactive television software and services. Mr. Livingston received a B.S. in mechanical engineering from Stanford University and an M.B.A. from the Stanford Graduate School of Business. Mr. Livingston serves as a member of the board of directors of Pacific Biosciences, Inc. and previously served as a member of the board of directors of Genomic Health, Inc. from 2004 to 2016. Mr. Livingston brings to our board of directors substantial financial expertise that includes extensive knowledge of the financial and operational issues facing large companies acquired in the course of serving as the chief financial officer of a major university, as a finance executive for several Silicon Valley companies and working with a major international management consulting firm.

Jack L. Oliver, III. Director. Jack Oliver has served as a director since December 2005. Since March 2005, Mr. Oliver has been a senior advisor and practice group leader at the law firm Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner LLP.

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Mr. Oliver also has served as a managing partner at Dock Square Capital LLC, a merchant banking firm engaged in principal equity investments and other strategic advisory services, since January 2017. From March 2009 to December 2016, Mr. Oliver served as a senior advisor at Barclay’s PLC with a focus on Barclay’s global client relationship management. Prior to his work at Bryan Cave, Mr. Oliver served on various political campaigns, including those for the candidacies of Senator Jack Danforth, Senator Kit Bond, Senator John Ashcroft and Congressman Jim Talent. He is also a former deputy chairman of the Republican National Committee and was national finance director for President George Walker Bush’s presidential campaign. Mr. Oliver holds a B.A. degree in political science and communications from Vanderbilt University and a J.D. from the University of Missouri School of Law. Mr. Oliver brings to our board of directors his political acumen and experience with government policy-making and expertise in strategy development, acquired through his legal training and his extensive involvement with several successful senatorial, congressional and presidential campaigns, all of which inform his views with respect to the strategic direction of our company.

Ellen O. Tauscher, Director. Ellen Tauscher has served as a director since July 2012 and as chairperson of our board of directors since May 2016. Ms. Tauscher has served as a Regent of University of California since June 2017 and as Chair of the National Laboratories Subcommittee since February 2018. As such, Ms. Tauscher has served as Chair of the Board of Directors of Triad National Security, LLC which manages Los Alamos National Laboratory and Chair of the Board of Governors of Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC which manages Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, consortiums led by the Regents of the University of California, since December 2017 and February 2018 respectively. Ms. Tauscher served as a strategic advisor at Baker, Donelson, Bearman, Caldwell & Berkowitz from August 2012 to February 2018. From February 2012 to August 2012, Ms. Tauscher served as Special Envoy for Strategic Stability and Missile Defense at the U.S. State Department. Ms. Tauscher was nominated in March 2009 by President Obama to serve as Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs, as which Ms. Tauscher served from June 2009 to February 2012. Prior to joining the State Department, Ms. Tauscher served from January 1997 to June 2009 as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California’s 10th Congressional District. While a member of Congress, Ms. Tauscher served on the House Armed Services Committee and the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee and as the Chairman of the Strategic Forces Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee. Prior to serving in Congress, Ms. Tauscher worked in investment banking and the financial services industry in various roles for Bache Halsey Stuart Shields, Bear Stearns & Co. and Drexel Burnham Lambert and as an officer of the American Stock Exchange. Ms. Tauscher also serves as a member of the board of directors of Edison International. Ms. Tauscher previously served on the board of directors of Invacare Corporation from February 2012 to May 2015 and of SeaWorld Entertainment from December 2014 to October 2017. Ms. Tauscher holds a B.S. degree in early childhood education from Seton Hall University. Ms. Tauscher brings to our board of directors her expertise in finance and strategy development and knowledge of government affairs acquired through her service at the State Department and in Congress as well as during her career in investment banking.

Board Independence

The board of directors has determined that each of its current directors, except Scott N. Flanders, is independent within the meaning of the NASDAQ Global Market director independence standards, as currently in effect.

Board of Directors Meetings

The board of directors held seven meetings during 2018. Each of our directors serving on the board of directors during 2018 attended at least 75% of the meetings held by the board of directors and by the committees on which such director served during 2018. The independent members of our board of directors meet in executive session without management present on a regular basis.

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Committees of the Board of Directors

Our board of directors has an audit committee, a compensation committee, a nominating and corporate governance committee, a government and regulatory affairs committee, a strategy committee and an equity incentive committee, each of which has the composition and responsibilities described below. Each committee acts pursuant to written charters approved by the board of directors. The charters for the audit committee, compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee are available in the “Investor Relations” section of our corporate website at www.ehealth.com.

Audit Committee. The current members of our audit committee are Messrs. Goldberg and Livingston and Ms. Tauscher.

Mr. Livingston is the chairperson of the audit committee. Our board of directors has determined that each member of our audit committee meets the requirements for independence of the NASDAQ Global Market and the Securities and Exchange Commission for audit committee membership. Our board of directors has also determined that each audit committee member meets the financial sophistication requirements of the NASDAQ Global Market and that Messrs. Goldberg and Livingston are “audit committee financial experts” as defined in Securities and Exchange Commission rules. The audit committee held eight meetings during 2018.

Among other duties, our audit committee:

The audit committee has the sole and direct responsibility for appointing, retaining and approving the compensation of our independent accountant and for overseeing that firm’s work. All audit services and all non-audit services, other than de minimis non-audit services, to be provided to us by our independent accountant are approved in advance by our audit committee.

Compensation Committee. The current members of our compensation committee are Ms. Brimmer and Messrs. Goldberg and Oliver. Mr. Goldberg is the chairperson of the compensation committee. Our board of directors has determined that each member of our compensation committee meets the applicable requirements for independence of the NASDAQ Global Market, the Securities and Exchange Commission and Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code. The purpose of our compensation committee is to assist our board of directors in determining the compensation of our executive officers and directors. The compensation committee held five meetings during 2018.

Among other duties, our compensation committee:

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Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The current members of our nominating and corporate governance committee are Messrs. Livingston and Oliver. Mr. Oliver is the chairperson of the nominating and corporate governance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each member of our nominating and corporate governance committee meets the applicable requirements for independence of the NASDAQ Global Market. The nominating and corporate governance committee held four meetings during 2018.

Among other duties, our nominating and corporate governance committee:

Government and Regulatory Affairs Committee. The current members of our government and regulatory affairs committee are Mr. Oliver and Ms. Tauscher. Mr. Oliver is the chairperson of the government and regulatory affairs committee. The government and regulatory affairs committee held four meetings during 2018.

Among other duties, our government and regulatory affairs committee:

Strategy Committee. The current members of our strategy committee are Ms. Brimmer and Messrs. Goldberg and Livingston.

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Mr. Goldberg is the chairperson of the strategy committee. The strategy committee held four meetings during 2018.

Among other duties, our strategy committee:

Equity Incentive Committee. The members of our equity incentive committee are Messrs. Flanders and Goldberg. The equity incentive committee has the authority to grant equity-based awards within certain guidelines approved by the board of directors to employees and consultants who are not our executive officers or directors. Equity awards may be granted by the equity incentive committee in accordance with the terms and conditions of the committee’s charter and the Equity Award Policy (see description below) adopted by our board of directors. The equity incentive committee did not meet in 2018.

Non-Employee Director Compensation

Cash Compensation

For their service in 2018, our non-employee directors received cash compensation in accordance with the amounts set forth in the table below. More detail relating to the payments is set forth in the footnotes to the table under “2018 Director Compensation” below. Our non-employee directors receive no compensation on a per-meeting basis, but are entitled to reimbursement of business, travel and other related expenses incurred in connection with their attendance at board of directors and committee meetings.

Equity Compensation

Pursuant to our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, our board of directors approved a program of automatic equity award grants for non-employee directors on the terms specified below:

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Our compensation committee works with its compensation consultant to review director compensation at peer companies, and our board of directors takes this information into account in setting the levels of director compensation.

Stock Ownership Guidelines

Our board of directors has approved stock ownership guidelines for our non-employee directors. Pursuant to the guidelines, each non-employee director on June 30, 2011 is expected to accumulate and hold a number of shares of our common stock equal to the lesser of (i) $180,000 in value or (ii) 13,709 shares, and to maintain this minimum amount of stock ownership during the director’s tenure on the board of directors.

Under the guidelines, each non-employee director who joins the board after June 30, 2011 is expected to accumulate and hold a number of shares of our common stock equal to the lesser of (i) a value equal to six times their annual retainer for service on the board of directors (not including retainers for serving as members or as chairs of committees of the board of directors), or (ii) the number of shares determined by dividing the dollar amount determined in clause (i) by the 20-day volume-weighted average trading price of our common stock prior to the date upon which they joined the board of directors. Non-employee directors are expected to maintain this minimum amount of stock ownership during the director’s tenure on the board of directors. New non-employee directors are expected to achieve the applicable level of ownership by June 30 following their fourth anniversary of joining the board of directors.

The following equity holdings qualify towards satisfaction of the stock ownership guidelines: (i) shares directly owned by the non-employee director or his or her immediate family members; (ii) shares held in trust, limited partnerships or similar entities for the benefit of the non-employee director or his or her immediate family members; (iii) shares subject to restricted stock units or other full-value awards that have vested, but for which the non-employee director has elected to defer settlement of the award to a date beyond the date of vesting; (iv) shares subject to restricted stock units or other full-value awards that are unvested and for which the only requirement to earn the award is continued service to the company for which the non-employee director has elected to defer the settlement of the award to a date beyond the date of vesting and (v) shares subject to stock options and stock appreciation rights that are vested and in the money.

Non-employee directors are not required to purchase shares on the open market in order to comply with the guidelines. In the event the applicable guideline is not achieved with respect to any non-employee director by the applicable deadline, the non-employee director will be required to retain an amount equal to 75% of the net shares received as a result of the exercise of the company’s stock options or stock appreciation rights or the vesting of restricted stock units or other full-value awards until the applicable guideline has been achieved. Under certain limited circumstances, the guidelines may be waived by our compensation committee at its discretion.

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2018 Director Compensation

The following table summarizes compensation that our directors earned during 2018 for service on our board of directors and any applicable committee(s) thereof:

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All of our non-employee directors have received options to purchase shares of our common stock and/or restricted stock units under our 2005 Stock Plan, 2006 Equity Incentive Plan and/or 2014 Equity Incentive Plan in connection with their service as members of our board of directors. The table below summarizes the outstanding options and unvested restricted stock units held by our non-employee directors as of December 31, 2018. Certain of our directors have elected to defer settlement of vested restricted stock units pursuant to the terms of a deferral election. The vested restricted stock units are not included in the table below but are reflected in the table and related footnotes under “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.”

Executive Officers

The following table sets forth our current executive officers and their ages and the positions they held as of March 31, 2019.

Information pertaining to Mr. Flanders, who is both a director and an executive officer of the company, may be found in the section above entitled “Nominees for Class I Directors.”

David K. Francis. Chief Operating Officer. David Francis has served as our chief operating officer since January 2018. Mr. Francis previously served as our chief financial officer between July 2016 and June 2018 and as our chief operations officer from October 2016 to January 2018. Prior to joining us, Mr. Francis served as managing director, equity research at RBC Capital Markets from November 2013 to July 2016. From 2007 to October 2013, he served as managing partner of The JAAG Group/JAAG Research, healthcare and technology

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consulting and research firms founded by Mr. Francis. Previously, Mr. Francis was a managing director and co-head of Healthcare Equity Research at Jefferies & Co., a partner, equity research at JC Bradford & Co., a managing director, equity research at Volpe Brown Whelan, a managing director at Punk, Ziegel & Knoell and an investment banking analyst at Needham & Company. Mr. Francis holds a B.S. degree in economics with concentrations in finance and management from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

Timothy C. Hannan. Chief Marketing Officer. Timothy Hannan has served as our chief marketing officer since June 2017. Prior to joining us, Mr. Hannan served as chief marketing officer of Ibotta, Inc., a mobile shopping application, from February 2016 to June 2017 and as chief marketing officer of Trip.com, an online travel website, from February 2015 to February 2016. From March 2010 to November 2014, Mr. Hannan held various senior management positions at Orbitz Worldwide, most recently as its vice president of eMarketing. Mr. Hannan also spent five years at Expedia, Inc. from 2006 to 2010, including serving as the director of accounts for Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Mr. Hannan holds a B.A. in quantitative economics and finance from Providence College and an MBA from London Business School.

Robert S. Hurley. President, Carrier and Business Development. Robert Hurley has served as our president, carrier and business development since January 2018. Previously, Mr. Hurley served as our president, Medicare products from October 2016 to January 2018 and executive vice president of sales and operations from November 2015 to October 2016. Prior to that, Mr. Hurley served as our senior vice president of sales and operations from March 2011 to November 2015, our senior vice president of carrier relations from May 2007 to March 2011 and our vice president of strategic initiatives from September 2003 to May 2007. From April 1999 to September 2003, Mr. Hurley was responsible for our customer care and enrollment functions. Prior to joining us, Mr. Hurley served as an associate vice president of sales and operations for the consumer business segment at Health Net, Inc., a managed healthcare company, and in various leadership roles at Foundation Health, a California health plan. Mr. Hurley holds a B.A. degree in law and society from the University of California, Santa Barbara.

Ian J. Kalin. Chief Technology Officer. Ian Kalin has served as our chief technology officer since March 2018. Mr. Kalin previously served as our chief data officer from February 2017 to March 2018. Prior to joining us, Mr. Kalin served as the chief data officer at the U.S. Department of Commerce from March 2015 to January 2017. At the Department of Commerce, Mr. Kalin oversaw data strategy and operations for various government organizations such as the U.S. Census Bureau, the National Weather Service and the Patent and Trademark Office. Previously, Mr. Kalin served as the director of open data for Socrata, a government technology firm, from August 2013 to February 2015. Prior to that, Mr. Kalin briefly worked for Google.org from June 2013 to July 2013, where he supported a special project on civic data. Before Google, Mr. Kalin was the presidential innovation fellow at the U.S. Department of Energy from June 2012 to May 2013. Earlier in his career, Mr. Kalin worked in the clean-tech sector and the U.S. Navy as a counter-terrorism officer and as a nuclear engineer. Mr. Kalin holds a B.S. in foreign service from Georgetown University and a masters in engineering management from Old Dominion University.

Derek N. Yung. Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer. Derek Yung has served as our senior vice president, chief financial officer since June 2018. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yung served as chief financial officer of Hotwire, Inc., a travel services company owned by Expedia, Inc., from January 2016 to May 2018. From August 2015 to January 2016, he served as chief financial officer of Ticketfly, Inc., a live-events ticketing company. Previously, Mr. Yung served as chief financial officer of Tria Beauty, Inc., a consumer skincare company, from January 2014 to March 2015 and as chief financial officer of Nextag, Inc., a comparison shopping and e-commerce services company, from January 2011 to January 2014. Mr. Yung holds a B.S. degree in computer science from Stanford University and an M.B.A from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.

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Corporate Governance Matters

Code of Business Conduct

Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct, which is applicable to our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer and persons performing similar functions. The Code of Business Conduct is available in the “Investor Relations” section of our corporate website at www.ehealth.com.

Corporate Governance Guidelines

Our board of directors has adopted guidelines on significant corporate governance issues, or corporate governance guidelines, that address the role and composition of, and policies applicable to, the board of directors. The nominating and corporate governance committee annually reviews the guidelines and reports any recommendations regarding amendment thereof to our board of directors. Our corporate governance guidelines were last amended in March 2017 and are available in the “Investor Relations” section of our corporate website at www.ehealth.com.

Equity Award Policy

Our board of directors adopted an equity award policy in November 2006, which was amended and restated in March 2015. The policy provides that:

Insider Trading Compliance Program

Our board of directors adopted an insider trading compliance program in August 2006, which was last amended and restated in March 2019. The program prohibits trading of our securities based on material,

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nonpublic information regarding our company and applies to members of our and our subsidiaries’ boards of directors, employees and consultants, including our executive officers, and, in each case, members of their immediate families, other family members who live in their same household and any other family member whose securities transactions they direct (collectively, the “Insiders”). The Insiders are generally prohibited from, among other things, trading on material, nonpublic information, holding our securities in a margin account or pledging our securities as collateral for a loan, “tipping,” trading during our trading blackout periods, conducting short sales of our securities, trading in derivative securities (e.g., “puts,” “calls,” or other similar hedging instruments) relating to our securities, placing open orders with brokers in violation of the program, and disclosing nonpublic information relating to our company and our subsidiaries on any forum.

Consideration of Director Nominees

Stockholder Recommendations and Nominations. The policy of our board of directors is to consider recommendations for director candidates from stockholders holding not less than one percent (1%) of the outstanding shares of our common stock continuously for at least twelve months prior to the date of submission of the recommendation. Our board of directors has established the following procedures by which these stockholders may submit recommendations regarding director candidates:

General Counsel (Director Recommendation)

eHealth, Inc.

2625 Augustine Drive, Second Floor

Santa Clara, CA 95054

A stockholder that instead desires to nominate a person directly for election to the board of directors at an annual meeting of stockholders must meet applicable requirements, including the deadlines and other requirements set forth in our bylaws.

Director Qualifications. Our board of directors believes that it is necessary for each of our directors to possess many qualities, skills and attributes. The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for reviewing with the board of directors from time to time the appropriate qualities, skills and attributes required of members of our board of directors in the context of the current make-up of our board of directors. According to our corporate governance guidelines, the nominating and corporate governance committee will consider the following in connection with its evaluation of director candidates:

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The minimum qualifications and skills that each director should possess include (i) strong professional and personal ethics and values, (ii) broad experience at the policy-making level in business, government, education, technology or public interest and (iii) the ability to assist and make significant contributions to our success. As provided above, our corporate governance guidelines specify one of the considered factors as diversity of experience. Beyond this statement, our nominating and corporate governance committee does not have a formal policy with respect to diversity. The board of directors and nominating and corporate governance committee, however, believe that it is important that our directors represent diverse viewpoints. In addition to diversity of experience, the nominating and corporate governance committee seeks director candidates with a broad diversity of professions, skills and backgrounds.

The nominating and corporate governance committee evaluates the foregoing factors, among others, and does not assign any particular weight or priority to any of these factors.

Identification and Evaluation of Nominees for Director. The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for identifying, evaluating and recommending candidates for election to our board of directors and candidates for filling vacancies on our board of directors that may occur between annual meetings of our stockholders. The nominating and corporate governance committee may consider bona fide candidates from all relevant sources, including current board members, professional search firms and other persons. The nominating and corporate governance committee will also consider bona fide director candidates recommended by stockholders pursuant to the requirements set forth above. The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for evaluating director candidates in light of the board of directors membership criteria described above, based on all relevant information and materials available to the nominating and corporate governance committee. This includes information and materials provided by stockholders recommending director candidates, professional search firms and other parties.

Stockholder Communication with Directors

The board of directors believes that stockholders should have an opportunity to communicate with the board of directors. Any communication from a stockholder to the board of directors generally or to a particular director should be in writing and should be delivered to our general counsel at our principal executive offices. Each such communication should set forth (i) the name and address of the stockholder, as they appear on our books, and if the stock is held by a nominee, the name and address of the beneficial owner of the stock, and (ii) the class and number of shares of our stock that are owned of record by the record holder and beneficially by such beneficial owner. Our general counsel will monitor these communications. The general counsel will, in consultation with appropriate directors as necessary, generally screen out communications from stockholders that are (i) solicitations for products and services, (ii) matters of a personal nature not relevant for stockholders or (iii) matters of a type that render them improper or irrelevant to the functioning of the board of directors and us. Summaries of appropriate communications will be provided to the board of directors at each regularly scheduled meeting of the board of directors. The board of directors generally meets on a quarterly basis. Where the nature of a communication warrants, the general counsel may determine, in his or her judgment, to obtain the more immediate attention of the appropriate committee of the board of directors or an individual director and may consult our independent advisors or management regarding the communication. The general counsel may decide in the exercise of his or her judgment whether a response to any stockholder communication is necessary.

The procedures described above do not apply to communications to non-employee directors from our officers or directors who are stockholders or to stockholder proposals submitted pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).

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Attendance at Annual Meeting of Stockholders

The board of directors encourages directors to attend our annual meetings of stockholders. All of our then-current directors attended the annual meeting of stockholders held June 12, 2018.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

The directors who were members of our compensation committee during 2018 were Michael D. Goldberg and Jack L. Oliver, III. None of the current or past members of our compensation committee has at any time been an officer or employee of ours while serving on the committee. None of our executive officers serves, or in the past fiscal year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board of directors or compensation committee.

Board Leadership Structure

Our corporate governance guidelines provide that the board of directors should be free to choose a chairperson of the board in any way it deems best for the company at a given point in time. Our board of directors recognizes that no single leadership model is right for all companies at all times and periodically reviews its leadership structure as a result. The board of directors currently believes that our company is best served by separating the roles of the chairperson of the board of directors and chief executive officer. Ellen O. Tauscher, an independent director, is the chairperson of our board of directors. The chairperson of the board of directors has the following responsibilities:

Accordingly, the chairperson of our board of directors has the ability to shape the work of our board of directors. We believe the separation of the positions of the chairperson and chief executive officer can reinforce the independence of our board of directors in its oversight of our business affairs.

Risk Oversight

The board of directors takes an active role, as a whole and at the committee level, in overseeing management of the company’s risks. Our management keeps the board of directors apprised of significant risks facing the company and the approach being taken to understand, manage and mitigate such risks. Specifically, strategic risks are overseen by the full board of directors and the strategy committee of the board of directors; regulatory risks are overseen by the government & regulatory affairs committee of the board of directors; financial and cybersecurity risks are overseen by the audit committee of the board of directors; risks relating to compensation plans and arrangements are overseen by the compensation committee of the board of directors; and risks associated with director independence and potential conflicts of interest are overseen by the nominating and corporate governance committee of the board of directors. Additional review or reporting on enterprise risks is conducted as needed or as requested by the full board of directors or the appropriate committee. In addition, our chairperson of the board of directors promotes communication and consideration of matters presenting significant risks to us through her role in contributing to and drafting agendas for meetings of our board of directors, chairing meetings of the board of directors and acting as a conduit between our independent directors and our chief executive officer on sensitive issues.

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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth certain information, as of March 31, 2019, as to shares of common stock beneficially owned by: (i) each person who is known by us to own beneficially more than 5% of our common stock, (ii) each of our directors and nominees, (iii) each of our executive officers named under “Executive Compensation, Say-on-Pay, Independence of Advisors—2018 Summary Compensation Table” (the “Named Executive Officers”) and (iv) all of our directors and executive officers as a group. The information provided in the table is based on our records, information filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and information furnished by the respective individuals or entities, as the case may be.

Applicable percentage ownership is based on 22,618,483 shares of common stock outstanding at March 31, 2019. In computing the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we deemed outstanding shares of common stock subject to options held by that person that were currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days after March 31, 2019, and shares of common stock issuable upon the vesting of restricted stock units within 60 days after March 31, 2019. We did not deem these shares outstanding, however, for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.

We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Except as indicated in the footnotes below, we believe, based on the information furnished to us, that the persons and entities named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock that they beneficially own, subject to applicable community property laws.

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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

We describe below transactions and series of similar transactions, since the beginning of our last fiscal year, and any currently proposed transaction, to which we were or will be a participant, in which:

We also describe below certain other transactions with our directors, executive officers and stockholders.

Board Compensation

We pay non-employee directors for service on our board of directors. Our non-employee directors also have received options to purchase shares of our common stock and restricted stock units covering shares of our common stock. For more information regarding these arrangements, see “Non-Employee Director Compensation” above.

Employment Agreements

We have entered into offer letters or employment related agreements with each of our executive officers. For more information regarding these arrangements, see “Executive Compensation, Say-on-Pay, Independence of Advisors— Employment Agreements, Separation Agreements and Change of Control Arrangements” below.

Indemnification Agreements and Limitation of Liability

Our bylaws provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, as it now exists or may in the future be amended, against all expenses and liabilities reasonably incurred or suffered in connection with their service to us or on our behalf. Our bylaws provide that we shall advance the expenses incurred by a director or officer in advance of the final disposition of an action or proceeding, and permit us to secure insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee or other agent for any liability arising out of his or her action in that capacity, regardless of whether Delaware law would otherwise permit indemnification. In addition, our certificate of incorporation provides that our directors will not be personally liable for monetary damages to us for breaches of their fiduciary duty as directors, unless they violated their duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders, acted in bad faith, knowingly or intentionally violated the law, authorized illegal dividends or redemptions or derived an improper personal benefit from their actions as directors.

We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. These agreements, among other things, require us to indemnify each director and executive officer to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, including indemnification of expenses such as attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by the director or executive officer in any action or proceeding, including any action or proceeding by or in right of us, arising out of the person’s services as a director or executive officer.

Equity Award Grants

We have granted restricted stock units and options to purchase shares of our common stock to our directors and executive officers. See “Non-Employee Director Compensation,” “Executive Compensation, Say-on-Pay, Independence of Advisors—Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Compensation Elements” and “Executive Compensation, Say-on-Pay, Independence of Advisors—2018 Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End, 2018 Option Exercises and Stock Vested at Fiscal Year-End.”

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Policies and Procedures with Respect to Related-Party Transactions

The charter of our audit committee requires that members of the audit committee, all of whom are independent directors, review and oversee all related-party transactions in accordance with applicable rules and regulations. In addition, the audit committee is responsible for reviewing, approving and monitoring our code of business conduct. Our code of business conduct prohibits conflicts of interest as a matter of policy, except with the informed written consent of our board of directors or a committee of our board of directors in the case of a director or executive officer. There were no related-party transactions during 2018 that did not require review, approval or ratification pursuant to our policies and procedures, or for which such policies and procedures were not followed. Except for the compensation of directors and executive officers described earlier and as set forth above, none of our directors, executive officers or holders of more than 5% of our common stock was involved in any related-party transactions.

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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION, SAY-ON-PAY, INDEPENDENCE OF ADVISORS

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Overview

This compensation discussion and analysis describes our executive compensation program and philosophy and the material elements of compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer and our other executive officers named in the Summary Compensation Table, or “Named Executive Officers,” for the year ended December 31, 2018. Our Named Executive Officers for 2018 were as follows:

Mr. Yung joined us as our senior vice president, chief financial officer in June 2018. Prior to that, Mr. Francis, our chief operating officer, served as our chief financial officer until June 2018. The compensation of these Named Executive Officers is presented in the compensation tables in this proxy statement and is discussed in this compensation discussion and analysis.

Our Business Environment and Certain Achievements

In 2018 our key objective was to re-accelerate growth of our Medicare business while preserving the more attractive cost structure for that business that we achieved in 2017, when our efforts to increase the effectiveness of our marketing and telesales organizations resulted in a reduction in variable marketing costs per submitted Medicare member but also led to a temporary slowdown in application growth. We accomplished our goal growing 2018 Medicare submitted applications by 39% — a significant acceleration compared to 10% in 2018 and our strongest Medicare submitted application growth rate in five years. At the same time, we continued to improve variable marketing costs per submitted Medicare member achieving a 12% reduction in this metric compared to 2017.

As a result of strong growth in new Medicare enrollments, our 2018 Medicare commission revenue grew 48% and the estimated number of Medicare members that we had at the end of 2018 grew 26% compared to 2017. In 2018 we also grew non-commission Medicare revenue by over 140% driven primarily by health insurance carrier advertising revenue. In 2018 we increased the percentage of applications for major medical Medicare products, including Medicare Advantage and Medicare Supplement plans, that were submitted online. This metric increased from 10% of total submitted applications in 2017 to 16% in 2018, a 64% increase, which allowed us to reduce agent costs per approved member and improve profitability. Segment profitability in our Medicare business increased 175% to $60.8 million. Our strong execution in our Medicare business continued the shift in our revenue composition towards our Medicare business. Our Medicare segment contributed 84% of total revenue compared to 74% in 2017.

2018 revenue in our Individual, Family and Small Business segment declined 15% representing a continuing decrease in new individual and family plan enrollments and related sales of ancillary products offset by growth in our small business and non-commission revenue. The segment continued to be profitable for the full year 2018. The individual and family health insurance market remained challenged in 2018 with high premiums and limited selection of plans in many geographies. In addition, starting January 1, 2019 the Affordable Care Act individual mandate penalty for not having the Affordable Care Act compliant coverage was eliminated, removing this financial incentive for individuals and families to enroll in any health insurance plan. As a result of these and

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other market factors and our decision to reduce individual and family health insurance-related marketing, our 2018 submitted applications for individual and family plan products declined 56% compared to 2017 with estimated membership as of year-end declining 32% compared to 2017 year-end.

In our small business health insurance business, our strategy remained to pursue growth by leveraging our technology platform and making select investments. The number of submitted small business group applications grew 35% in 2018 compared to 2017. Our estimated 2018 year-end small business health insurance plan membership grew 23% compared to 2017, and commission revenue for the full year 2018 grew 15% compared to 2017.

Our total revenue in 2018 grew 32%, a significant acceleration compared to 2017 driven primarily by the strong performance of our Medicare business. Our 2018 Adjusted EBITDA was $33.7 million, representing 610% growth compared to our Adjusted EBITDA in 2017 driven by increased revenue as well as more attractive acquisition costs per approved Medicare member. A reconciliation between Adjusted EBITDA and GAAP net income is included in Appendix A to this proxy statement. Adjusted EBITDA is calculated by adding stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization expense, acquisition costs related to our recently completed acquisition of GoMedigap, restructuring charges, amortization of intangible assets, change in fair value of earnout liability, other income (expense), net and provision (benefit) for income taxes to GAAP net income. Cash flow from operations was negative $3.2 million in 2018 compared to negative $15.5 million in 2017.

Executive Compensation Summary

Pay for Performance

The focus of our executive compensation program is to tie the pay of our Named Executive Officers to their performance and that of the company. Accordingly, while we pay competitive base salaries and other benefits, the majority of our Named Executive Officers’ compensation opportunity is tied to variable pay based on company performance.

During 2018, the compensation of our chief executive officer primarily consisted of base salary, an annual cash incentive award and a performance-based long-term equity incentive award. During 2018, the compensation of our Named Executive Officers other than our chief executive officer primarily consisted of base salary, an annual cash incentive award, and a mix of performance-based and service-based long-term equity incentive awards. The compensation of our Named Executive Officers is discussed in more detail below.

For 2018, our chief executive officer was eligible to earn up to approximately 82% of his total target direct compensation in the form of variable annual cash incentives and performance-based long-term equity incentives. For 2018, our other Named Executive Officers were eligible to earn up to approximately 78% (on average) of their total target direct compensation in the form of variable annual cash incentives and a mix of performance-based and service-based long-term equity incentives. The following charts illustrate the pay mix of our chief executive officer and the average pay mix of our other Named Executive Officers for target total direct compensation.

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As used in the above charts, total target direct compensation includes annualized base salary, variable annual cash incentives and performance-based and service-based long-term equity incentives. Base salary is calculated based on the annualized base salary as of December 31, 2018 and not actual salary earned. The variable annual cash incentives and long-term performance-based equity incentives are calculated assuming all cash bonuses were awarded, and performance-based equity incentives were earned, at 100% of their target levels. The long term equity incentives are calculated using the grant date fair value of the of the equity awards computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Accordingly, the amounts do not reflect the actual amounts awarded to our chief executive officer and other Named Executive Officers.

Corporate Governance Best Practices

Our compensation committee, assisted by its independent compensation consultant, Radford, an Aon company (“Radford”), stays informed of developing executive compensation best practices. In this regard, our best practices include:

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General Compensation Philosophy and Program Structure

General

We strive to balance our need to compete for executive talent with the need to maintain a reasonable and responsible cost structure for our program, and to align our executive officers’ interests with our stockholders’ interests. In general, the objectives of our executive compensation program are to:

Executive officer compensation primarily has been composed of base salary, annual cash bonus awards and long-term equity incentive awards. We establish compensation based on the executive officer’s responsibilities, individual performance and company performance.

Role of the Compensation Committee

The compensation committee of our board of directors, composed entirely of non-employee independent members of our board of directors, oversees, among other things, the design and administration of our executive compensation program and our equity incentive plans (including reviewing and approving equity award grants). The compensation committee reviews and approves all compensation decisions relating to our executive officers on an annual basis. The compensation committee reviews the components of executive officer compensation for consistency with our compensation philosophy, and takes into account changes in compensation practices among our peer group companies. The compensation committee also reviews overall compensation risk. See “Committees of the Board of Directors—Compensation Committee” above for additional information about the compensation committee.

Role of Executive Officers

Our chief executive officer, chief financial officer and members of our human resources, finance and legal departments assist and support the compensation committee. Management does not determine executive officer compensation. However, management reviews our compensation philosophy with the compensation committee and develops compensation proposals for the compensation committee to consider. Management may provide various materials to the compensation committee, such as analyses of existing and proposed compensation programs and executive officer and other employee equity ownership information. Our chief executive officer and our chief people officer participated in meetings of our compensation committee, and our chief executive officer makes recommendations with respect to compensation proposals for executive officers other than himself.

Role of the Compensation Consulting Firm

The compensation committee has engaged Radford to provide compensation advisory services. Radford reports directly to the compensation committee for purposes of advising it on executive officer compensation,

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and meets with certain members of management in conducting its reviews of various aspects of executive officer compensation. In early 2018, Radford conducted analyses of our executive officers’ base salaries, annual cash bonus awards and long-term equity incentive awards against the compensation of executive officers in similar positions with companies considered to be our “peer companies.” Radford also reports on overall compensation risk, reviews equity plan usage and makes recommendations to the compensation committee on executive new hire packages. Radford attended compensation committee meetings, including executive sessions, to present its analyses and to discuss its findings with the compensation committee. The compensation committee reviewed Radford’s analyses in the context of making its decisions with respect to executive officers compensation for 2018.

Compensation Committee Adviser Independence

We, as a company, participate in Radford’s Global Technology Survey and Global Sales Survey in order to obtain market compensation information for executives and staff globally. Radford also assists us in valuing equity awards to ensure that such awards are properly expensed. The total dollar amount of services that Radford provided to us in 2018 that was paid in 2018 was approximately $217,775, of which $155,895 was paid as professional fees, $23,360 was paid as salary survey fees and $38,520 was paid in connection with valuation services related to employee stock options. The compensation committee has considered the independence of Radford pursuant to Nasdaq Global Market and Securities and Exchange Commission rules and has found no conflict of interest in Radford’s continuing to provide advice to the compensation committee.

The compensation committee is also regularly advised by the company’s outside legal counsel, Cooley LLP. The compensation committee has considered the independence of Cooley LLP pursuant to Nasdaq Global Market and Securities and Exchange Commission rules and has found no conflict of interest in Cooley’s continuing to provide advice to the compensation committee. The compensation committee intends to reassess the independence of its advisers at least annually.

Consideration of 2018 Advisory Say-On-Pay Vote; Frequency of Say on Pay Vote

On June 12, 2018, we held a stockholder advisory vote on the compensation of our Named Executive Officers, commonly referred to as a “Say-On-Pay” vote. Our stockholders approved the compensation of our Named Executive Officers, with approximately 91% of stockholder votes that were cast being in favor of our 2018 Say-On-Pay resolution. Noting the results of this vote, for fiscal 2018, the compensation committee retained our general approach to our executive compensation program, with a continued emphasis on rewarding our executive officers through compensation if they deliver long-term value for our stockholders. The compensation committee considers input from our stockholders, as well as the outcome of our annual Say-on-Pay vote, when making executive compensation program decisions. On June 13, 2017, we also held an advisory vote as to how frequently we should hold a Say-On-Pay vote. Approximately 85% of the stockholder votes that were cast were in favor of holding the vote on an annual basis. As a result, we will hold an annual advisory stockholder vote to approve our Named Executive Officer compensation until we receive the results of our next Say-On-Pay frequency vote, which is scheduled to be held in 2023.

Competitive Positioning

For the 2018 executive compensation review Radford provided an analysis of our executive officer compensation against the compensation of executive officers in similar positions with a set of peer group companies (which changed from 2017 to 2018, as described below) and also with compensation data drawn from software/Internet companies with revenues from $100 million to $500 million included in the Radford Global Technology Survey. The survey data were used in addition to the peer group company data as they were believed to be reflective of companies that compete in our labor market and of companies with similar revenue levels. The peer group companies and the survey data were equally weighted by the compensation committee.

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2018 Peer Group

The peer group developed by Radford, approved by our compensation committee and used in Radford’s analysis for 2018 compensation, was based on peer companies with revenues ranging from $100 million to $500 million and market capitalization ranging from $100 million to $2 billion. The companies that comprised the 2018 peer group consisted of the following:

Blue Nile, Inc., Jive Software, Inc., RetailmeNot, Inc., and YuMe, Inc., companies included in the 2017 peer group, were removed from the 2018 peer group because they were acquired or merged with other companies.

Use of Market Data

For its 2018 compensation decisions, the compensation committee maintained a practical approach to attracting and retaining key executive talent in line with market data. The compensation committee’s goal is generally to set all elements of compensation within a competitive range, using a balanced approach that does not use rigid percentiles to target pay levels for each compensation element, but instead makes its compensation decisions based on a variety of relevant factors, including those listed below. While the compensation committee continues to review and reference market data, the data generally are used to inform the compensation committee of market practices to ensure that our executive compensation program remains within a competitive range of our peers. In addition to the market data, several other factors are taken into account in setting the amount of each Named Executive Officer’s target total direct compensation opportunity. These factors include:

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Compensation Elements

Base Salaries

The compensation committee’s objective is to provide the Named Executive Officers with competitive base salaries. We provide this compensation component in order to attract and retain an appropriate caliber of talent and experience for our workforce, and to reward them for their day-to-day contributions. Our compensation committee reviewed base salaries for our Named Executive Officers in the first quarter of 2018 using peer group and survey data supplied by Radford as a means to verify that we were providing base salaries that would help us accomplish our goals. The compensation committee also considered position-specific market data in setting the base salaries of all Named Executive Officers.

2018 Base Salaries

For 2018, following a review of market information, the compensation committee determined to keep our continuing Named Executive Officers’ base salaries the same as in 2017, as a means to contribute to cost savings and 2018 financial performance. Mr. Yung’s base salary was based on both a review of market data, as described above, and the negotiation of his new hire employment agreement.

Annual Cash Bonus Awards

General

We provide the opportunity for our executive officers to earn an annual cash bonus award. We provide this opportunity in order to attract and retain employees with a high caliber of talent and experience for our key positions and to link payments to the achievement of our annual financial and/or operational objectives.

2018 Executive Bonus Program

On March 7, 2018, our compensation committee approved the executive bonus arrangement for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 (the “2018 Bonus Program”). The 2018 Bonus Program was established under the executive bonus plan for all Named Executive Officers (other than Mr. Flanders) and under the performance bonus plan for Mr. Flanders. The 2018 Bonus Program provided executives the opportunity to earn cash bonus awards based on achieving performance goals relating to company performance established by the compensation committee.

In the case of all Named Executive Officers other than Mr. Hurley, company performance under the 2018 Bonus Program was measured by the achievement of specific financial goals related to revenue and adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA was calculated by adding stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization expense, acquisition costs related to our recently-completed acquisition of GoMedigap, restructuring charges,

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amortization of intangible assets, change in fair value of earnout liability, other income (expense), net and provision (benefit) for income taxes to GAAP net income. In the event that we met the revenue performance goal, the Named Executive Officers (other than Mr. Hurley) were eligible to receive 60% of their respective target payout. In the event that we met the adjusted EBITDA goal, the Named Executive Officers (other than Mr. Hurley) were eligible to receive 40% of their respective target payout. The Named Executive Officers (other than Mr. Hurley) would not receive any payout with respect to a goal that is achieved at less than 92% with respect to the revenue goal and 65% with respect to the adjusted EBITDA goal. The maximum payout the Named Executive Officers (other than Mr. Hurley) could receive under the 2018 Bonus Program was 150% of the participant’s target payout for achievement that exceeds 110% of the revenue goal and 150% of the adjusted EBITDA goal. In addition, the executive bonus plan permitted the compensation committee to increase, eliminate or reduce the actual award that otherwise would have been payable under the payout formula for all Named Executive Officers (other than Mr. Flanders) in its sole discretion. The performance bonus plan permitted the compensation committee to eliminate or reduce the actual award that otherwise would be payable under the payout formula to Mr. Flanders in its sole discretion but did not permit the compensation committee to increase the actual award above that otherwise would have been payable under the payout formula. The specific performance goals for the year ended December 31, 2018 approved by the compensation committee were as follows:

The compensation committee established rigorous performance goals for the 2018 Bonus Program. The target revenue goal of $222 million represented growth of more than 29% over our 2017 revenue of $172 million. The target adjusted EBITDA goal of positive $24 million represented a meaningful improvement over our 2017 adjusted EBITDA of negative $15 million.

In the case of Mr. Hurley, 25% of his bonus achievement was based upon the same revenue and adjusted EBITDA goals that applied to the other Named Executive Officers. The remaining 75% of his bonus achievement was based on a combination of the number of sent applications and the average cost of acquisition relating to our health insurance carrier relations, value-based provider and business development efforts—areas that Mr. Hurley oversaw. The target goals covering sent applications represented an improvement of between 6% and 619% over the number of sent applications in the individual lines of business covered in Mr. Hurley’s goal when compared with actual 2017 performance in those same measures. The target goals covering average cost of acquisition represented up to a decrease of 46% in the average cost of acquisition in the individual lines of business covered in Mr. Hurley’s goal when compared with actual 2017 performance in those same measures. Mr. Hurley would not receive any payout with respect to a goal that is achieved at less than a certain percentage of the target goal (between 65% and 95%, depending on the goal). The maximum payout Mr. Hurley could receive was up to 150% of his target payout for over achievement of all of his respective target goals. As with the other Named Executive Officers, the compensation committee could increase, eliminate or reduce the actual award that otherwise would have been payable under the payout formula applicable to Mr. Hurley, in its sole discretion

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The compensation committee believed the achievement of these target goals would both create stockholder value and require significant effort on the part of each Named Executive Officer, and it therefore approved cash bonus award opportunities based on achievement of these goals. The compensation committee approved target and maximum cash bonus award opportunities under the 2018 Bonus Program for our Named Executive Officers as follows:

Despite setting rigorous performance goals for the 2018 Bonus Program, the compensation committee decided to maintain the same (on a percentage-of-base salary basis) 2018 cash bonus opportunities for each of the Named Executive Officers listed above as they had in the previous year. The compensation committee believed that the incentives provided a meaningful reward if the goals were achieved or exceeded and that no change was necessary to maintain competitiveness with market practices.

In March 2018, our compensation committee considered and determined the 2018 fiscal year performance of the company and each of the Named Executive Officers against the previously established performance goals. The 2018 revenue and adjusted EBITDA goals and the company’s 2018 achievement were as follows:

In addition, with respect to Mr. Hurley, the compensation committee determined the 2018 carrier relations, value-based provider and business development performance of the company against his previously established performance goals. The carrier relations, value-based provider and business development achievement (constituting in the aggregate 75% of his total target bonus) were as follows:

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After applying the percentage weightings in accordance with the payout formula, the compensation committee determined that the Named Executive Officers (other than Mr. Hurley) had achieved a weighted overall payout percentage relative to target of 138.0%. The compensation committee also determined that Mr. Hurley achieved a weighted overall payout percentage relative to target of 70.8%. The compensation committee then concluded that bonus payments would be made under the 2018 Bonus Program to each of the participants in the 2018 Bonus Program, with adjustments made to reflect the compensation committee’s assessment of individual performance as set forth below. In particular, the Committee awarded Messrs. Francis and Hannan with payments that exceeded the amounts that would be due them under the payout formula in recognition of their outsized contributions to the company’s outstanding performance with respect to its revenue and Adjusted EBTIDA goals. The compensation committee approved the following payouts under the 2018 Bonus Program:

Equity Incentive Awards in General

Equity incentive awards are an important part of our overall compensation program as they reward and incentivize performance, assist in employee retention and help to align employee interests with the interests of our stockholders. The compensation committee reviews the equity holdings of our Named Executive Officers regularly, and grants equity awards to our Named Executive Officers informed in part by the market data provided by Radford, as discussed above. The terms of our 2018 awards are set forth below, and additional relevant provisions with respect to particular Named Executive Officers may be found in the “Employment Agreements, Severance Agreements and Change of Control Arrangements” section of this proxy statement.

In reviewing our equity award practices, we are committed to effectively rewarding, incentivizing and retaining our key employees with a competitive equity compensation program while maintaining acceptable levels of stockholder dilution. For this reason, we carefully manage both our gross burn rate and our net burn rate. Gross burn rate reflects equity awards granted during the fiscal year divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Net burn rate reflects equity awards granted during the fiscal year less equity awards cancelled and returned to the plan (net equity grants), divided by the weighted average number shares outstanding. Although we are classified with insurance companies in proxy advisory firm burn rate comparisons across industry groups, our placement in that category simply is not realistic given that we are an ecommerce and technology company located in Silicon Valley and compete for employees with companies in the internet, software and services industries. As a result, our equity incentive award grants are generally greater than those companies in the insurance company category and are more aligned with internet and software and services companies.

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2018 Executive Equity Compensation

In March 2018, our compensation committee approved equity incentive awards for our Named Executive Officers (other than Mr. Yung whose grants, which are described below, were approved by our compensation committee in connection with his commencement of employment in June 2018) in the form of performance-based and/or service-based restricted stock units. In June 2018, our compensation committee approved equity incentive awards for Mr. Yung in connection with his commencement of employment in the form of performance-based and service-based restricted stock units and stock options. The sizes of the awards were set to deliver competitive value while also maintaining an appropriate burn rate for the year. The compensation committee determined the number of shares subject to the awards granted to our Named Executive Officers after assessing market data provided by Radford. In balancing these objectives, the Named Executive Officers (other than Mr. Yung) were generally granted equity awards that approximated, in the aggregate, the 50th percentile of the Company’s peer group.

The vast majority of the value of equity awards granted to our Named Executive Officers was tied to achieving performance goals, while a small portion were subject to time-based vesting. Of the awards granted in 2018, none of the equity awards granted to our chief executive officer, 21% of the equity awards granted to our chief operating officer and 50% of the equity awards granted to the other Named Executive Officers were scheduled to vest based on continuous service over a four-year period, with the goal of providing an incentive to executives to continue employment with us.

Of the awards granted in 2018, 100% of the equity awards granted to our chief executive officer, 79% of the equity awards granted to our chief operating officer and 50% of the equity awards granted to the other Named Executive Officers were performance-based restricted stock units tied to achieving performance goals. The performance-based restricted stock units are tied to achieving certain levels of stock price performance over the four–year period following the grant date. The goal of these performance awards is to align the interests of our Named Executive Officers with those of our stockholders and to incentivize them to increase the value of the business in a manner that would drive an increase in our stock price. The Named Executive Officers (other than Mr. Yung) became eligible to vest in the performance-based restricted stock units if in any 30 calendar-day period our average closing stock price traded at the following price thresholds (as discussed below, our stock price was trading at approximately $16.11 per share when these awards were approved):

Upon achievement of one or more of the price thresholds, the percentage that became eligible to vest would vest on the one-year anniversary of achieving the applicable price threshold, subject to the executive’s continuing to provide services to us through the vesting date (or, if earlier, upon a termination of employment by us without cause).

The performance-based restricted stock units granted in 2018 contained stringent vesting criteria upon a change in control. Upon a change in control (as defined in our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan), only those performance-based restricted stock units that would become eligible to vest based on the change in control price (treating that price as if it were the 30-day average stock price) will remain eligible to vest, subject to the one-year period described in the prior paragraph, and the rest of the shares subject to the award would be forfeited.

The performance-based restricted stock unit awards granted to our chief executive officer and other Named Executive Officers were approved when our stock price was trading at $16.11 per share, so the stock price would

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have had to increase significantly (with a range of increase of 19% to 59%) from the stock price on the approval date in order for the Named Executive Officer to be eligible to vest in the shares subject to the performance-based restricted stock unit award. The compensation committee believes that tying the performance-based restricted stock unit awards to achievement of our stock price targets motivates our executives to take actions and pursue opportunities that will enhance the long-term value of our stock and benefit our stockholders. The compensation committee determined that granting at least 50% of the equity awards to the Named Executive Officers as performance-based equity awards aligned with market practices and with peer data provided by Radford.

The number of shares of our common stock granted to our Named Executive Officers (other than Mr. Yung) under restricted stock unit awards approved by the compensation committee during 2018 is summarized as follows:

In addition, in connection with the commencement of his employment, Mr. Yung, our senior vice president, chief financial officer, was granted the following awards:

The stock price thresholds for the performance-based restricted stock unit and option grants to Mr. Yung are as follows:

The performance-based restricted stock unit and stock option awards granted to Mr. Yung were approved when our stock was trading at $22.45 per share, so the stock price would have had to increase significantly (with a range of increase of 11% to 47%) from the stock price on the approval date in order for Mr. Yung to be eligible to vest in the shares subject to the performance-based restricted stock unit and stock option awards. These stock

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price targets are aggressive targets designed to align Mr. Yung’s compensation with the creation of significant stockholder value. The compensation committee determined that granting at least 50% of the equity awards to Mr. Yung as performance-based equity awards aligned with market practices and peer data provided by Radford.

In 2018, our stock price appreciated 121% from $17.37 on December 31, 2017 to $38.42 on December 31, 2018. As a result, all the stock price thresholds previously established by the compensation committee were met and all outstanding shares subject to performance-based restricted stock units or performance-based stock options became eligible for one-year time-based vesting.

Change in Control and Termination Arrangements

We have entered into employment and severance agreements, providing for certain severance benefits upon certain terminations in connection with a change of control and outside of a change of control, with our Named Executive Officers. At the direction of the compensation committee, Radford conducted a study of change of control severance market practices. Informed by this data, the compensation committee designed agreements considering market norms. The severance arrangements with our Named Executive Officers are more fully described under the section entitled “Employment Agreements, Severance Agreements and Change of Control Arrangements.”

Other Compensation; Perquisites

We provide the opportunity for our executive officers and other employees to receive general health and welfare benefits. We also maintain a retirement and deferred savings plan available to all U.S. employees, which is intended to qualify under Sections 401(a) and 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. This plan allows each participant to contribute up to 100% of their pre-tax compensation, up to a statutory limit, which was $18,500 (or $24,500 for employees over 50 years of age)] in calendar year 2018. Under the plan, each participant is fully vested in his or her own contributions. We match 100% of each participant’s contribution each pay period, up to a maximum of 3% of the employee’s base salary during that period. Our matching contributions vest one-third for each of the first three years of service from the date of hire. The plan also permits us to make discretionary profit-sharing contributions, but we have not made such contributions to date.

We generally restrict our executive officers so that they are eligible to receive only the same benefits and perquisites as our other U.S.-based salaried employees. However, in connection with Mr. Flanders’ hiring as chief executive officer and Mr. Francis’ hiring as chief financial officer (and eventually chief operating officer) in 2016 and Mr. Hannan’s hiring as chief marketing officer in 2017, we provided certain relocation and travel payments as set forth in the Summary Compensation Table under the column, “All Other Compensation.”

Stock Ownership Guidelines

Our compensation committee has approved stock ownership guidelines for our executive officers to further align their interests with the interests of our stockholders.

Pursuant to the guidelines, our chief executive officer is expected to accumulate and hold a number of shares of our common stock equal to the lesser of (i) that number of shares with a value equal to three times his initial annual base salary or (ii) the number of shares determined by multiplying his initial annual base salary as chief executive officer by three and dividing the resulting product by the closing sales price of our common stock on the date upon which the individual became chief executive officer and to maintain this minimum amount of stock ownership throughout his employment. Our chief executive officer is expected to achieve the applicable level of ownership within five years of his becoming chief executive officer.

Under the guidelines, our executive officers who are presidents, executive vice presidents or our chief operating officer are expected to accumulate and hold a number of shares of our common stock equal to the

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lesser of (i) that number of shares with a value equal to two times their initial annual base salary or (ii) the number of shares determined by multiplying their initial annual base salary by two and dividing the resulting product by the closing sales price of our common stock on the date upon which they first became president, executive vice president or chief operating officer, and to maintain this minimum amount of stock ownership throughout their employment. The presidents, executive vice presidents and chief operating officer are expected to achieve the applicable level of ownership within five years of their becoming a president, an executive vice president or chief operating officer, respectively.

In addition, under the guidelines, our other executive officers are expected to accumulate and hold a number of shares of our common stock equal to the lesser of (i) that number of shares with a value equal to their initial annual base salary or (ii) the number of shares determined by dividing their initial annual base salary by the closing sales price of our common stock on the date upon which they first became an executive officer and to maintain this minimum amount of stock ownership throughout their employment. These other executive officers are expected to achieve the applicable level of ownership within five years of their becoming executive officers.

The following equity holdings qualify towards satisfaction of the stock ownership guidelines: (i) shares directly owned by the executive officer or his or her immediate family members; (ii) shares held in trust, limited partnerships or similar entities for the benefit of the executive officer or his or her immediate family members; (iii) shares subject to restricted stock units or other full-value awards that have vested, but for which an executive officer has elected to defer settlement of the award to a date beyond the date of vesting; (iv) shares subject to restricted stock units or other full-value awards that are unvested and for which the only requirement to earn the award is continued service to the company and for which an executive has elected to defer the settlement of the award to a date beyond the date of vesting and (v) shares subject to stock options and stock appreciation rights that are vested and in the money. In the event the applicable guideline is not achieved with respect to any executive officer by the applicable deadline, the executive officer will be required to retain an amount equal to 75% of the net shares received as a result of the exercise of stock options or stock appreciation rights or the vesting of restricted stock units or other full-value awards until the applicable guideline has been achieved. “Net shares” are those shares that remain after shares are sold or netted to pay the exercise price (if any) of equity awards and applicable taxes. Under certain limited circumstances, the guidelines may be temporarily suspended by our compensation committee at its discretion.

As of the date of this proxy, all executive officers are in compliance with the ownership guidelines.

Insider Trading Compliance Program

Our employees, including our Named Executive Officers, are prohibited from trading our securities in violation of our insider trading compliance program, including activities such as trading on material, nonpublic information, pledging of our securities as collateral for a loan and trading in derivative securities (e.g., “puts,” “calls,” or other similar hedging instruments) relating to our securities. For more information about our insider trading compliance program, see “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance—Corporate Governance Matters—Insider Trading Compliance Program.”

Regulatory Considerations

Section 162(m) places a limit of $1,000,000 on the amount deductible by a company in any one year with respect to compensation paid to certain of its officers, called covered employees. Compensation that qualifies as “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) has generally been exempt from this limitation. However, in connection with the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted in December 2017, the exemption from the deduction limit under Section 162(m) for “performance-based compensation” has been repealed, such that compensation paid to our covered employees in excess of $1,000,000 will not be deductible unless it qualifies for transition relief applicable to certain arrangements in place as of November 2, 2017. Due to ambiguities and uncertainties as to the application and interpretation of Section 162(m) and the regulations issued thereunder,

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including the uncertain scope of the transition relief under the legislation repealing the “performance-based compensation” exemption from the deduction limit, it is currently uncertain which items of compensation will and will not satisfy the exemption from Section 162(m). The Company will continue to review related guidance from the Internal Revenue Service as it becomes available. To maintain flexibility in compensating our executive officers in a manner that promotes varying corporate goals, the Compensation Committee has not adopted a policy that all compensation must be deductible.

Risk Assessment

Our compensation committee retained Radford, its independent compensation consultant, to evaluate the risk inherent in our executive and non-executive compensation programs. Accordingly, Radford evaluated our executive and non-executive compensation programs and provided a report to the compensation committee. The report concluded that, among other things:

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Compensation Committee Report

The information contained in this report shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or incorporated by reference by any general statement incorporating by reference this proxy statement into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent we specifically incorporate this report by reference, and shall not otherwise be deemed filed under such Acts.

The compensation committee of the board of directors of the Company has reviewed and discussed with management the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” section of this proxy statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Based on this review and discussion, the compensation committee recommended that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis section be included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and proxy statement for its 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

This report is submitted by the compensation committee.

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2018 Summary Compensation Table

The information below sets forth the “total compensation” earned by our Named Executive Officers for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The total compensation presented does not reflect the actual compensation received by our Named Executive Officers. For example, the amounts in the “Stock Awards” column include the grant date fair values of time-based restricted stock units (the “RSUs”) and/or performance-based restricted stock units (the “PSUs”) granted in that applicable year and the amounts in the “Option Awards” column include the grant date fair values of time-based stock options and/or performance-based stock options granted in that applicable year. These amounts were calculated, with respect to the PSUs and performance-based stock options, by assuming all performance criteria were met at 100% achievement. For more information, see the footnotes to the 2018 Summary Compensation Table.

CEO Pay Ratio

We are required by Section 953(b) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 402(u) of Regulation S-K to disclose the ratio of our median employee’s annual total compensation to the annual total compensation of our principal executive officer. During 2018, the principal executive officer of eHealth was our chief executive officer, Scott N. Flanders. For 2018, the combined annual total compensation for Mr. Flanders was $3,498,356, and for our median employee was $77,814, resulting in a pay ratio of approximately 45:1.

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Consistent with the process we adopted to identify the median employee for 2017, for 2018 we identified the median employee by aggregating for each applicable employee (a) the annual base salary for salaried employees (or, for hourly employees, the hourly pay rate multiplied by the estimated 2018 work schedule) and (b) the target bonus for 2018, and ranking this compensation measure for our employees from lowest to highest. This calculation was performed for individuals employed by us on December 31, 2018, excluding our chief executive officer Scott N. Flanders, whether employed on a full-time, part-time or seasonal basis. Components of compensation paid in foreign currencies were converted to U.S. dollars based on 2018 average exchange rates.

The pay ratio reported above is a reasonable estimate calculated in a manner consistent with Securities and Exchange Commission rules based on our internal records and the methodology described above. Because the Securities and Exchange Commission rules for identifying the median compensated employee and calculating the pay ratio based on that employee’s annual total compensation allow companies to adopt a variety of methodologies, to apply certain exclusions, and to make reasonable estimates and assumptions that reflect their employee populations and compensation practices, the pay ratio reported by other companies may not be comparable to the pay ratio reported above, as other companies have different employee populations and compensation practices and may utilize different methodologies, exclusions, estimates and assumptions in calculating their own pay ratios.

2018 Grants of Plan-Based Awards

The following table provides information regarding the amount of cash bonus awards eligible to be earned in 2018 by each of the Named Executive Officers and equity awards granted in 2018 to each of the Named Executive Officers.

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2018 Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

Our stock options generally vest over a four-year term at the rate of 25% one year following the vesting commencement date and 1/48th of the shares per month thereafter. These options generally expire seven years after they are granted or earlier if the recipient’s employment or service terminates earlier. Our restricted stock units subject only to time-based vesting generally vest annually over four years in equal installments. Restricted stock units and stock options subject to performance-based vesting must meet additional preconditions to vesting and, once the total number of shares earned and eligible for vesting has been determined in accordance with the predetermined performance metrics, such eligible shares vest over one to three years from the vesting commencement date.

Except for the grant of a fully-vested restricted stock unit award in March 2017 to Mr. Flanders, which award was granted in lieu of a cash payment of Mr. Flanders’ 2016 bonus, all of the outstanding equity awards granted to date to our Named Executive Officers are subject to a minimum vesting period of one to three years if such award is based on the satisfaction of performance criteria or objectives and a minimum vesting period of four years if such award is based on the holder’s continued employment as an employee with the company. All of the stock options and restricted stock units granted to our Named Executive Officers are subject to a vesting schedule with a one-year initial vesting period.

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The following table summarizes the number of equity securities underlying outstanding option awards and unvested restricted stock units for each Named Executive Officer as of December 31, 2018. Certain of our Named Executive Officers have elected to defer settlement of vested restricted stock units pursuant to the terms of a deferral election. Vested restricted stock units are not included in the table below. Vested restricted stock units are reflected in the table and related footnotes under “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management,” “2018 Option Exercises and Stock Vested at Fiscal Year-End” and “2018 Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Table.” See “Executive Compensation, Say-on-Pay, Independence of Advisors—Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Compensation Elements—Equity Incentive Awards” for a description of equity awards granted in 2018.

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2018 Option Exercises and Stock Vested at Fiscal Year-End

The following table presents certain information concerning the exercise of stock options by each of our Named Executive Officers during the year ended December 31, 2018.

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2018 Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Table

We adopted a restricted stock unit deferral program that allows our Named Executive Officers to elect to defer settlement of vested restricted stock units. The following non-qualified deferred compensation table summarizes activities during 2018 and account balances relating to these deferred restricted stock units for our Named Executive Officers.