(Mark One) | ||
x | Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
o | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 |
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland | 04-2718215 | |
(State of incorporation) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Non-Voting Common Stock ($0.00390625 par value per share) |
New York Stock Exchange | |||||
(Title of each class) | (Name of each exchange on which registered) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.Yes x No o
Indicate by check whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x | Accelerated filer o | |
Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company o |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).Yes o No x
Aggregate market value of Non-Voting Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based on the closing price of $33.77 on April 30, 2011 on the New York Stock Exchange was $3,885,082,674. Calculation of holdings by non-affiliates is based upon the assumption, for these purposes only, that executive officers, directors, and persons holding 5 percent or more of the registrants Non-Voting Common Stock are affiliates.
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrants classes of common stock, as of the close of the latest practicable date.
Class: | Outstanding at October 31, 2011 | |||
Non-Voting Common Stock, $0.00390625 par value | 115,223,827 | |||
Voting Common Stock, $0.00390625 par value | 399,240 |
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This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes statements that are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including statements regarding our expectations, intentions or strategies regarding the future. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this Form 10-K regarding our financial position, business strategy and other plans and objectives for future operations are forward-looking statements. The terms may, will, could, anticipate, plan, continue, project, intend, estimate, believe, expect and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such words. Although we believe that the assumptions and expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that they will prove to have been correct or that we will take any actions that may now be planned. Certain important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations are disclosed in Item 1A, Risk Factors. All subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by such factors.
Our principal business is managing investment funds and providing investment management and counseling services to high-net-worth individuals and institutions. Our core strategy is to develop and sustain management expertise across a range of investment disciplines and to offer leading investment products and services through multiple distribution channels. In executing this strategy, we have developed broadly diversified investment management capabilities and a powerful marketing, distribution and customer service organization. Although we manage and distribute a wide range of investment products and services, we operate in one business segment, namely as an investment adviser to funds and separate accounts.
We are a market leader in a number of investment areas, including tax-managed equity, value equity, equity income, structured emerging market equity, floating-rate bank loan, municipal bond, investment grade, global and high-yield bond investing. Our breadth of investment capabilities supports a wide range of products and services offered to fund shareholders, retail managed account investors, institutional investors and high-net-worth clients. Our equity strategies encompass a diversity of investment objectives, risk profiles, income levels and geographic representation. Our income investment strategies cover a broad duration and credit quality range and encompass both taxable and tax-free investments. We also offer a range of alternative investment strategies, including commodity-based investments and a spectrum of absolute return strategies. As of October 31, 2011, we had $188.2 billion in assets under management.
Our principal retail marketing strategy is to distribute funds and separately managed accounts through financial intermediaries in the advice channel. We have a broad reach in this marketplace, with distribution partners including national and regional broker/dealers, independent broker/dealers, independent financial advisors, banks and insurance companies. We support these distribution partners with a team of approximately 130 sales professionals covering U.S. and international markets.
We also commit significant resources to serving institutional and high-net-worth clients who access investment management services on a direct basis. We manage investments for a broad range of clients in the institutional and high-net-worth marketplace, including corporations, endowments, foundations, family offices and public and private employee retirement plans.
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We conduct our investment management business through six wholly owned affiliates, Eaton Vance Management (EVM), Boston Management and Research (BMR), Eaton Vance Investment Counsel (EVIC), Eaton Vance (Ireland) Limited (EVAI), Eaton Vance Trust Company (EVTC), and Fox Asset Management LLC (Fox Asset Management), and three other consolidated subsidiaries, Atlanta Capital Management Company, LLC (Atlanta Capital Management), Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC (Parametric Portfolio Associates) and Parametric Risk Advisors LLC (Parametric Risk Advisors). EVM, BMR, EVIC, Atlanta Capital Management, Fox Asset Management, Parametric Portfolio Associates and Parametric Risk Advisors are all registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as investment advisers under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the Advisers Act). EVAI, registered under the Central Bank of Ireland, provides management services to the Eaton Vance International (Ireland) Funds. EVTC, a trust company, is exempt from registration under the Advisers Act. Eaton Vance Distributors, Inc. (EVD), a wholly owned broker/dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act), markets and sells the Eaton Vance funds and retail managed accounts. Eaton Vance Management (International) Limited (EVMI), a wholly owned financial services company registered under the Financial Services and Market Act in the United Kingdom, markets and sells our investment products in Europe and certain other international markets. Eaton Vance Management International (Asia) Private Limited, (EVS), a wholly owned financial services company registered under the Singapore Companies Act by the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority in Singapore, markets and sells our products in Asia Pacific. We are headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Our affiliates and subsidiaries have offices in Atlanta, Georgia; Red Bank, New Jersey; Seattle, Washington; Westport, Connecticut; New York, New York; London, England; and Singapore. Our sales representatives operate throughout the United States, and in Europe, Asia Pacific and Latin America. We are represented in the Middle East and Australia through agreements with third-party distributors.
We have been in the investment management business for eighty-seven years, tracing our history to two Boston-based investment managers: Eaton & Howard, formed in 1924, and Vance, Sanders & Company, organized in 1934. Eaton & Howard, Vance Sanders, Inc. (renamed Eaton Vance Management, Inc. in June 1984 and reorganized as Eaton Vance Management in October 1990) was formed upon the acquisition of Eaton & Howard, Incorporated by Vance, Sanders & Company, Inc. on April 30, 1979. Eaton Vance Corp. was incorporated in Maryland in 1990. Following the 1979 merger of these predecessor organizations to form Eaton Vance, our managed assets consisted primarily of open-end mutual funds marketed to U.S. retail investors under the Eaton Vance brand and investment counsel services offered directly to high-net-worth and institutional investors. In recent years we have expanded our product and distribution focus to include closed-end, private and offshore funds, as well as retail managed accounts and a broad array of products and services for institutional and high-net-worth investors.
In fiscal 2001 we acquired controlling interests in Atlanta Capital Management and Fox Asset Management, investment management firms focusing, respectively, on growth and value equity investment styles. In fiscal 2003, we acquired a controlling interest in Parametric Portfolio Associates, a leader in structured portfolio management. Parametric Portfolio Associates offers three principal products: core equity investment portfolios that seek to outperform client-specified benchmarks on an after-tax basis through active tax management; overlay portfolio management for separate accounts utilizing proprietary technology to implement multi-manager portfolios with consolidated trading, reporting and tax management; and rules-based active portfolio management, with a primary focus on emerging market equity. Parametric Portfolio Associates clients include family offices, individual high-net-worth investors, financial intermediaries, institutional investors and mutual funds.
In fiscal 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2011 we completed a series of acquisitions aimed at expanding our management of investment portfolios for high-net-worth individuals through EVIC. In fiscal 2004, we acquired the management contracts of Deutsche Banks private investment counsel group in Boston, Massachusetts. We acquired the management contracts of Weston Asset Management in fiscal 2005, the management contracts of Voyageur Asset
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Management (MA) Inc. in fiscal 2006 and the management contracts of Pelican Investment Management, Inc. in fiscal 2011.
In fiscal 2007, Parametric Portfolio Associates merged Parametric Risk Advisors, a newly formed Parametric Portfolio Associates affiliate, with Managed Risk Advisors, LLC, an investment management and derivatives investment advisory firm based in Westport, Connecticut. The merger extended Parametric Portfolio Associates structured portfolio management offerings to include investment programs utilizing equity and equity index options and other derivatives.
In December 2008, we acquired the Tax Advantaged Bond Strategies (TABS) business of M.D. Sass Investors Services (MD Sass), a privately held investment manager based in New York, New York. Subsequent to closing, the TABS business was reorganized as the Tax-Advantaged Bond Strategies division of EVM. The TABS team employs a disciplined, quantitative investment process that seeks to achieve high after-tax returns and low performance volatility by investing in high quality municipal bonds and U.S. government securities.
In November 2010, we acquired the assets of Managed ETFs LLC, an intellectual property company holding issued and pending patents relating principally to a method for trading exchange-traded funds (ETFs) based on a reference future net asset value (NAV) of the fund. In NAV-based trading, fund shares are purchased and sold on an exchange throughout the day at market-determined spreads to the funds ending NAV on that day.
In October 2011, we announced the formation of a wholly owned subsidiary, Navigate Fund Solutions LLC (Navigate Fund Solutions), to commercialize NAV-based trading of ETFs and develop exchange-traded managed funds (ETMFs). ETMFs are actively managed exchange-traded funds utilizing NAV based-trading. ETMFs seek to provide the shareholder protections and operating efficiencies of the ETF structure to active investment strategies, while maintaining the confidentiality of portfolio trading information. ETMFs eliminate the need for portfolio transparency to achieve tight trading markets in fund shares by utilizing NAV-based trading. Compared to conventional actively managed mutual funds, ETMFs offer the promise of consistently lower expenses and consistently improved performance and tax efficiency. Navigate Fund Solutions is in the process of pursuing U.S. regulatory approval of ETMFs and NAV-based trading, the timing and likelihood of which is uncertain. If approved, Navigate Fund Solutions intends to pursue a two-part commercialization strategy: first, launching a family of Eaton Vance-sponsored ETMFs that mirror existing mutual funds, and second, licensing the associated intellectual property to other fund groups.
We provide investment advisory services to funds, high-net-worth separate accounts, institutional separate accounts and retail managed accounts across a broad range of equity, fixed and floating-rate income, and alternative investment mandates. The following tables show assets under management by vehicle and investment mandate for the dates indicated:
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Ending Assets Under Management by Vehicle at October 31, |
||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||
Fund assets: |
||||||||||||
Open-end funds | $ | 72,221 | $ | 73,567 | $ | 56,844 | ||||||
Closed-end funds | 22,749 | 24,032 | 23,162 | |||||||||
Private funds | 17,404 | 17,518 | 17,612 | |||||||||
Total fund assets | 112,374 | 115,117 | 97,618 | |||||||||
Separate account assets: |
||||||||||||
Institutional accounts | 38,003 | 34,593 | 26,723 | |||||||||
High-net-worth accounts | 13,256 | 11,883 | 10,137 | |||||||||
Retail managed accounts | 24,571 | 23,650 | 20,418 | |||||||||
Total separate account assets | 75,830 | 70,126 | 57,278 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 188,204 | $ | 185,243 | $ | 154,896 |
Ending Assets Under Management by Investment Mandate at October 31, |
||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||
Equity | $ | 108,859 | $ | 107,500 | $ | 94,716 | ||||||
Fixed income | 43,741 | 46,127 | 41,066 | |||||||||
Floating-rate income | 24,322 | 20,003 | 15,355 | |||||||||
Alternative | 10,612 | 10,474 | 2,345 | |||||||||
Cash management | 670 | 1,139 | 1,414 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 188,204 | $ | 185,243 | $ | 154,896 |
In prior years, we reported managed assets grouped by investment class (equity, fixed income and floating-rate income), based on the classification of underlying portfolio assets. In fiscal 2011, we began reporting managed assets by investment mandate, using fund or separate account investment strategy as the primary driver. Concurrent with this change, we added a new Alternative category to reflect the growing importance to our business of investment mandates that are designed to exhibit low correlation to stock and bond market performance. The alternative category includes a range of absolute return strategies, as well as commodity-linked investments.
Open-end funds represented 39 percent of our total assets under management on October 31, 2011, while closed-end and private funds represented 12 percent and 9 percent, respectively. Institutional, high-net-worth and retail managed account assets represented 20 percent, 7 percent and 13 percent of total assets under management, respectively, on October 31, 2011. As shown in the table above, our asset base is broadly diversified, with 58 percent of total assets under management in equity mandates, 23 percent in fixed income mandates, 13 percent in floating-rate income mandates and 6 percent in alternative mandates on October 31, 2011. This diversification provides us the opportunity to address a wide range of investor needs and to offer products and services suited for all market environments.
We are a leading provider of tax-managed equity funds, municipal income funds and tax-efficient equity and income separate accounts. We have developed and implemented a range of strategies for investors seeking to
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minimize the effect of taxes on their investment returns, and are a market leader in this area. As of October 31, 2011, we managed $73.7 billion in funds and accounts managed for after-tax returns.
Open-end Funds
As of October 31, 2011, we managed 100 open-end funds, including 10 tax-managed equity funds, 30 non-tax-managed equity funds, 32 state and national municipal income funds, 14 taxable fixed income and cash management funds, 5 floating-rate bank loan funds and 9 alternative funds.
As noted above, we are a leading manager of equity funds designed to minimize the impact of taxes on investment returns, with $7.2 billion in open-end tax-managed equity fund assets under management on October 31, 2011. We began building our tax-managed equity fund family in fiscal 1996 with the introduction of Eaton Vance Tax-Managed Growth Fund 1.1, and have since expanded offerings to include a variety of equity styles and market caps, including large-cap value, multi-cap growth, small-cap value, small-cap, international, emerging markets, equity asset allocation and global dividend income.
Our non-tax-managed equity fund offerings include large-cap, multi-cap and small-cap funds in value, core and growth styles, dividend income funds, international, global and emerging markets funds, and sector-specific funds. Also included in the category are 3 hybrid funds that generally hold both equities and income securities. Assets under management in non-tax-managed equity funds totaled $23.7 billion on October 31, 2011.
With two distinct municipal teams, one in Boston and the TABS group in New York, we offer one of the broadest municipal income fund families in the industry, with 9 national and 23 state-specific funds in 20 different states. As of October 31, 2011, we managed $10.2 billion in open-end municipal income fund assets.
Our taxable fixed income and cash management funds utilize our investment management capabilities in a broad range of fixed income asset classes, including mortgage-backed securities, high grade bonds, high yield bonds and cash instruments. Assets under management in open-end taxable income funds totaled $10.3 billion on October 31, 2011.
We introduced our first bank loan fund in 1989 and have consistently ranked as one of the largest managers of retail bank loan funds. Assets under management in open-end floating-rate bank loan funds totaled $11.7 billion on October 31, 2011.
As noted above, the alternative category includes a range of absolute return strategies, as well as commodity-linked investments. In fiscal 2010 we experienced strong net flows into our flagship absolute return fund, Eaton Vance Global Macro Absolute Return Fund, until closing the fund to new investors on October 1, 2010 due to concerns about investment capacity. Largely as the result of investments in our infrastructure and the further developments of the markets in which this fund invests, we were able reopen the fund to new investors in October 2011. We currently offer 5 absolute return funds in the U.S. and a version of the global macro strategy that we sell to fund investors outside of the United States. Assets under management in alternative funds totaled $9.1 billion on October 31, 2011.
In fiscal 2000, we introduced The U.S. Charitable Gift Trust (Trust) and its Pooled Income Funds, which are designed to simplify the process of donating to qualified charities and to provide professional management of pools of donated assets. The Trust was one of the first charities to use professional investment advisers to assist individuals with their philanthropic, estate and tax planning needs. The Pooled Income Funds sponsored by the Trust provide donors with income during their lifetimes and leave principal to the Trust and designated charities upon their deaths. Assets under management in the Trust and its Pooled Income Funds, which are included in the fund assets described above, totaled $353.8 million at October 31, 2011.
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Over the past several years, we have launched a number of Ireland and Cayman Island-domiciled open-end funds, which offer a range of our investment strategies to non-U.S. investors. At October 31, 2011, managed assets in our funds sold outside the U.S. totaled $3.0 billion.
As of October 31, 2011, 27 of our open-end funds were rated 4 or 5 stars by MorningstarTM for at least one class of shares, including 10 equity and 17 income funds. A good source of performance-related information and overall performance history of our funds is the Companys website, www.eatonvance.com. On the Companys website, investors can obtain the most current publicly available information about our product offerings, including investment objective and principal investment policies, portfolio characteristics, historical performance, expenses and MorningstarTM ratings.
Closed-end Funds
Our family of closed-end funds includes 21 municipal bond funds, 11 domestic and global equity income funds, 3 bank loan funds and 2 multi-sector income funds. As of October 31, 2011, we managed $22.7 billion in closed-end fund assets and ranked as the third largest manager of exchange-listed closed-end funds in the U.S. according to Strategic Insight, a fund industry data provider.
In fiscal 2008, consistent with broad market experience, our closed-end funds with outstanding auction preferred shares (APS) began experiencing unsuccessful auctions. This meant that the normal means for providing liquidity to APS holders was no longer functioning. Since then, we have taken action to restore liquidity to APS holders and to provide alternative sources of leverage to our closed-end funds. We were the first closed-end fund family to complete redemption of equity fund APS, the first to redeem taxable income fund APS and the first to redeem municipal income fund APS. Replacement financing has been provided by bank and commercial paper facility borrowings and through creation of tender option bonds by certain municipal funds. As of October 31, 2011, our closed-end funds had $1.1 billion of outstanding APS compared to $5.0 billion of outstanding APS when the crisis broke, a reduction of 78 percent. We continue to work to develop and implement replacement financing solutions to our funds remaining APS.
Private Funds
The private fund category includes privately offered equity funds designed to meet the diversification and tax-management needs of qualifying high-net-worth investors and equity, floating-rate bank loan and fixed income funds offered to institutional investors. We are recognized as a market leader in the types of privately offered equity funds in which we specialize, with $9.6 billion in assets under management as of October 31, 2011. Assets under management in institutional equity, bank loan and fixed income funds, which include cash instrument collateralized loan obligation (CLO) entities, collective
trusts and leveraged and unleveraged loan funds, totaled $7.8 billion as of October 31, 2011, including $2.4 billion of assets in CLO entities.
Institutional Separate Accounts
We serve a broad range of clients in the institutional marketplace, including foundations, endowments and retirement plans for individuals, corporations and municipalities. Our diversity of investment capabilities allows us to offer institutional investors products across a broad spectrum of equity and fixed and floating-rate income management styles. Our broad expertise provides us the opportunity to customize solutions that help meet our clients complex investment needs.
During fiscal 2005 we chartered a non-depository trust company, EVTC, and used this as a platform to launch a series of commingled investment vehicles tailored to meet the needs of smaller institutional clients. The trust company also enables us to expand our presence in the retirement market through participation in qualified plan commingled investment platforms offered in the broker/dealer channel. In addition to management services, EVTC provides certain custody services and has obtained regulatory approval to provide institutional trustee services.
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Institutional separate account assets under management totaled $38.0 billion at October 31, 2011.
High-net-worth Separate Accounts
We offer high-net-worth and family office clients personalized investment counseling services through EVIC and Parametric Portfolio Associates. At EVIC, investment counselors assist our clients in establishing long-term financial programs and implementing strategies for achieving them. In fiscal 2004, we acquired the management contracts of Deutsche Banks private investment counsel group in Boston. In fiscal 2005, we acquired the management contracts of Weston Asset Management; in fiscal 2006 we acquired the management contracts of Voyageur Asset Management (MA) Inc.; and in fiscal 2011 we
acquired the management contracts of Pelican Investment Management, Inc.
Parametric Portfolio Associates is a leading manager of tax-efficient core equity portfolios for family offices and high-net-worth individuals. In fiscal 2007, Parametric Portfolio Associates formed Parametric Risk Advisors to extend Parametric Portfolio Associates offerings for the high-net-worth and family office market to include investment programs that utilize overlay strategies to help clients customize their risk and return profiles through the use of disciplined options strategies.
High-net-worth separate account assets totaled $13.3 billion at October 31, 2011, $4.2 billion of which are managed by EVIC and $9.1 billion of which are managed by Parametric Portfolio Associates and Parametric Risk Advisors.
Retail Managed Accounts
We have developed our retail managed accounts business by capitalizing on the management capabilities of EVM, Atlanta Capital Management, Fox Asset Management, Parametric Portfolio Associates, TABS and certain strategic partners, and leveraging the strengths of our retail marketing organization and our relationships with major distributors. We now participate in more than 60 retail managed account broker/dealer programs. According to Cerrulli Associates, an investment research firm, Eaton Vance currently ranks as the fourth largest manager of retail managed account assets. Our retail managed account assets
totaled $24.6 billion at October 31, 2011.
Our wholly owned subsidiaries EVM and BMR are investment advisers to all but one of the Eaton Vance-sponsored funds. OrbiMed Advisors LLC (OrbiMed), an independent investment management company based in New York, is the investment adviser to Eaton Vance Worldwide Health Sciences Fund. Certain Eaton Vance funds use investment sub-advisers under agreements between the adviser and the sub-adviser approved by the fund trustees. Eagle Global Advisors L.L.C., an independent investment management company based in Houston, Texas, acts as a sub-adviser to Eaton Vance Tax-Managed International Equity Fund. Richard Bernstein Advisors LLC, an independent investment management company based in New York, New York, acts as sub-adviser to Eaton Vance Richard Bernstein Equity Strategy Fund and Eaton Vance Richard Bernstein All Asset Strategy Fund. Armored Wolf, LLC, an independent investment management company based in Aliso Viejo, California, acts as sub-adviser to Eaton Vance Commodity Strategy Fund. Lloyd George Management (BVI) Limited, an independent investment management company based in Hong Kong, acts as subadvisor to Eaton Vance Asian Small Companies Fund, Eaton Vance Greater China Growth Fund and Eaton Vance Greater India Fund. Atlanta Capital Management, Fox Asset Management, Parametric Portfolio Associates and Parametric Risk Advisors also act as sub-advisers to EVM and BMR for 20 funds.
EVM provides administrative services, including personnel and facilities, necessary for the operation of all Eaton Vance funds. These services are provided under comprehensive management agreements with certain funds that also include investment advisory services and through separate administrative services agreements with other funds as discussed below.
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For funds that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (1940 Act) (Registered Funds), a majority of the independent trustees (i.e., those unaffiliated with us or any adviser controlled by us and deemed non-interested under the 1940 Act) must review and approve the investment advisory and administrative agreements annually. The fund trustees generally may terminate these agreements upon 30 to 60 days notice without penalty. Shareholders of Registered Funds must approve any material amendments to the investment advisory agreements.
Investment counselors and separate account portfolio managers employed by our wholly owned and other controlled subsidiaries make investment decisions for the separate accounts we manage. Investment counselors and separate account portfolio managers generally use the same research information as fund portfolio managers, but tailor investment decisions to the needs of particular clients. We receive investment advisory fees for separate accounts quarterly, based on the value of the assets managed on a particular date, such as the first or last calendar day of a quarter, or, in some instances, on the average assets for the period. These fees generally range from ten to 100 basis points annually of assets under management and the associated advisory contracts are generally terminable upon 30 to 60 days notice without penalty.
The following table shows investment advisory and administration fees earned for the three years ended October 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 as follows:
Investment Advisory and Administration Fees |
||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||
Investment advisory fees |
||||||||||||
Funds | $ | 720,509 | $ | 631,930 | $ | 509,155 | ||||||
Separate accounts | 227,792 | 198,666 | 147,925 | |||||||||
Administration fees funds | 47,921 | 37,087 | 26,740 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 996,222 | $ | 867,683 | $ | 683,820 |
The Eaton Vance funds have entered into agreements with EVM or BMR for investment advisory and/or administrative services. Although the specifics of these agreements vary, the basic terms are similar. Pursuant to the advisory agreements, EVM or BMR provides overall investment management services to each internally advised fund, subject, in the case of Registered Funds, to the supervision of the funds board of trustees in accordance with the funds investment objectives and policies. Our investment advisory agreements with the funds provide for fees ranging from eight to 125 basis points of average assets annually. Atlanta Capital Management, Fox Asset Management, Parametric Portfolio Associates, Parametric Risk Advisors or an unaffiliated advisory firm acts as a sub-adviser to EVM and BMR for certain funds.
EVM provides administrative services to all Eaton Vance funds, including those advised by OrbiMed. As administrator, EVM is responsible for managing the business affairs of the funds, subject to the oversight of each funds board of trustees. Administrative services include recordkeeping, preparing and filing documents required to comply with federal and state securities laws, legal, fund administration and compliance services, supervising the activities of the funds custodians and transfer agents, providing assistance in connection with the funds shareholder meetings and other administrative services, including providing office space and office facilities, equipment and personnel that may be necessary for managing and administering the business affairs of the funds. For the services provided under the agreements, certain funds pay EVM a monthly fee calculated at an annual rate of up to 50 basis
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points of average daily net assets. Each agreement remains in effect indefinitely, subject, in the case of Registered Funds, to annual approval by the funds board of trustees.
In addition, certain funds have adopted distribution plans as permitted by the 1940 Act, which provide for payment of ongoing distribution fees (so-called 12b-1 fees) for the sale and distribution of shares, and service fees for personal and/or shareholder account services. Distribution fees reimburse us for sales commissions paid to retail distribution firms and for distribution services provided. Each distribution plan and distribution agreement with EVD for the Registered Funds is initially approved and its subsequent continuance must be approved annually by the board of trustees of the respective funds, including a majority of the independent trustees. The funds generally bear all expenses associated with their operation and the issuance and redemption or repurchase of their securities, except for the compensation of trustees and officers of the fund who are employed by us. Under some circumstances, particularly in connection with the introduction of new funds, EVM or BMR may waive a portion of its management fee and/or pay some expenses of the fund.
Either EVM, BMR, EVIC, Atlanta Capital Management, Fox Asset Management, Parametric Portfolio Associates or Parametric Risk Advisors has entered into an investment advisory agreement for each separately managed account and retail managed account program, which sets forth the accounts investment objectives and fee schedule, and provides for management of assets in the account in accordance with the stated investment objectives. Our separate account portfolio managers may assist clients in formulating investment strategies.
EVTC is the trustee for each collective investment trust that is maintained by it and is responsible for designing and implementing the trusts investment program or overseeing subadvisors managing the trusts investment portfolios. As trustee, EVTC also provides certain administrative and accounting services to the trust. For services provided under each trusts declaration of trust, EVTC receives a monthly fee calculated at an annual rate of up to 105 basis points of average daily net assets of the trust.
EVM has entered into an investment advisory and administrative agreement with The U.S. Charitable Gift Trust. In addition, the Trust and its Pooled Income Funds have entered into distribution agreements with EVD that provide for reimbursement of the costs of fundraising and servicing donor accounts.
We market and distribute shares of Eaton Vance funds domestically through EVD. EVD sells fund shares through a network of financial intermediaries, including national and regional broker/dealers, banks, registered investment advisors, insurance companies and financial planning firms. The Eaton Vance International (Ireland) Funds are Undertakings for Collective Investments in Transferable Securities (UCITS) funds domiciled in Ireland and sold by EVMI through certain dealer firms to investors who are citizens of member nations of the European Union and other countries outside the United States. The Eaton Vance International (Cayman Islands) Funds are Cayman Island-domiciled funds distributed by EVMI and EVD for non-U.S. investors.
Although the firms in our domestic retail distribution network have each entered into selling agreements with EVD, these agreements (which generally are terminable by either party) do not legally obligate the firms to sell any specific amount of our investment products. EVD currently maintains a sales force of approximately 130 external and internal wholesalers who work closely with investment advisers in the retail distribution network to assist in placing Eaton Vance funds.
EVD currently sells Eaton Vance mutual funds under five primary pricing structures: front-end load commission (Class A); spread-load commission (Class B); level-load commission (Class C); institutional no-load (Class I); and retirement plan no-load (Class R). For Class A shares, the shareholder may be required to pay a sales charge to the selling broker-dealer of up to five percent and an underwriting commission to EVD of up to 75 basis points of the dollar value of the shares sold. Under certain conditions, we waive the sales load on Class A
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shares and the shares are sold at net asset value. EVD generally receives (and then pays to authorized firms after one year) distribution and service fees of up to 30 basis points of average net assets annually on Class A shares outstanding. In recent years, a growing percentage of the Companys sales of Class A shares have been made on a load-waived basis through various fee-based programs. EVD does not receive underwriting commissions on such sales.
Class B shares are offered at net asset value, with EVD paying a commission to the dealer at the time of sale from its own funds, which may be borrowed. Such payments are capitalized and amortized over the period during which the shareholder is subject to a contingent deferred sales charge, which does not exceed six years. EVD recovers the dealer commissions paid on behalf of the shareholder through distribution plan payments limited to an annual rate of 75 basis points of the average net assets of the fund or class of shares in accordance with a distribution plan adopted by the fund pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. The SEC has taken the position that Rule 12b-1 would not permit a fund to continue making compensation payments to EVD after termination of the plan and that any continuance of such payments may subject the fund to legal action. Distribution plans are terminable at any time without notice or penalty. In addition, EVD receives (and then pays to authorized firms after one year) a service fee not to exceed 25 basis points annually of average net assets. Class B shares automatically convert to Class A shares after eight years of ownership. Effective January 1, 2012 we will suspend all sales of Class B shares. Additional investment in this share class will be limited to exchanges and the reinvestment of distributions by existing Class B shareholders.
For Class C shares, the shareholder pays no front-end commissions and no contingent deferred sales charges on redemptions after the first year. EVD pays a commission and the projected first years service fees to the dealer at the time of sale. The fund makes monthly distribution plan and service fee payments to EVD similar to those for Class B shares, at an annual rate of up to 75 basis points and 25 basis points, respectively, of average net assets of the Class. EVD retains the distribution and service fee paid to EVD for the first twelve months and pays the distribution and service fee to the dealer after one year.
Class I shares are offered at net asset value and are not subject to any sales charges, underwriter commissions, distribution fees or service fees. For Class I shares, a minimum investment of $250,000 or higher is normally required.
Class R shares are offered at net asset value with no front-end sales charge. Class R shares pay distribution and service fees of up to 25 basis points and 25 basis points, respectively, of average net assets of the Class annually. EVD pays the service fee to the dealer after one year.
From time to time we sponsor unregistered equity funds that are privately placed by EVD, as placement agent, and by various sub-agents to whom EVD and the subscribing shareholders make sales commission payments. The privately placed equity funds are managed by EVM and BMR.
Reference is made to Note 22 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this document for a description of the major customers that provided over 10 percent of our total revenue.
EVM, BMR, EVIC, Atlanta Capital Management, Fox Asset Management, Parametric Portfolio Associates and Parametric Risk Advisors are each registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act. The Advisers Act imposes numerous obligations on registered investment advisers, including fiduciary duties, recordkeeping requirements, operational requirements and disclosure obligations. Most Eaton Vance funds are registered with the SEC under the 1940 Act. Except for privately offered funds exempt from registration, each U.S. fund is also required to make notice filings with all states where it is offered for sale. Virtually all aspects of our investment management business are subject to various federal and state laws and regulations. These laws and regulations are primarily
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intended to benefit shareholders of the funds and separate account clients and generally grant supervisory agencies and bodies broad administrative powers, including the power to limit or restrict us from carrying on our investment management business in the event we fail to comply with such laws and regulations. In such event, the possible sanctions that may be imposed include the suspension of individual employees, limitations on EVM, BMR, EVIC, Atlanta Capital Management, Fox Asset Management, Parametric Portfolio Associates or Parametric Risk Advisors engaging in the investment management business for specified periods of time, the revocation of any such companys registration as an investment adviser, and other censures or fines.
EVTC is registered as a non-depository Maine Trust Company and is subject to regulation by the State of Maine Bureau of Financial Institutions (Bureau of Financial Institutions). EVTC is subject to certain capital requirements, as determined by the Examination Division of the Bureau of Financial Institutions. At periodic intervals, regulators from the Bureau of Financial Institutions examine the Companys financial condition as part of their legally prescribed oversight function. There were no violations by EVTC of these capital requirements in fiscal 2011 or prior years.
EVD is registered as a broker/dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and is subject to regulation by the Financial Industry Reporting Authority (FINRA), the SEC and other federal and state agencies. EVD is subject to the SECs net capital rule designed to enforce minimum standards regarding the general financial condition and liquidity of broker/dealers. Under certain circumstances, this rule may limit our ability to make withdrawals of capital and receive dividends from EVD. EVDs regulatory net capital consistently exceeded minimum net capital requirements during fiscal 2011. The securities industry is one of the most highly regulated in the United States, and failure to comply with related laws and regulations can result in the revocation of broker/dealer licenses, the imposition of censures or fines and the suspension or expulsion from the securities business of a firm, its officers or employees.
EVMI has the permission of the Financial Services Authority (FSA) to conduct a regulated business in the United Kingdom. EVMIs primary business purpose is to distribute our investment products in Europe and certain other international markets. Under the Financial Services and Markets Act of the United Kingdom, EVMI is subject to certain liquidity and capital requirements. Such requirements may limit our ability to make withdrawals of capital from EVMI. In addition, failure to comply with such requirements could jeopardize EVMIs approval to conduct business in the United Kingdom. There were no violations by EVMI of the liquidity and capital requirements in fiscal 2011 or prior years.
EVAI has the permission of the Central Bank of Ireland to conduct its business of providing management services to the Eaton Vance International (Ireland) Funds. EVAI is subject to certain liquidity and capital requirements. Such requirements may limit our ability to make withdrawals of capital from EVAI. There were no violations by EVAI of the liquidity and capital requirements in fiscal 2011 or prior years.
EVS has the permission of the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) to conduct a regulated business in Singapore. Under the Monetary Authority of Singapore, EVS is subject to certain liquidity and capital requirements. Such requirements may limit our ability to make withdrawals of capital from EVS. There were no violations by EVS of the liquidity and capital requirements in fiscal 2011.
Our officers, directors and employees may from time to time own securities that are held by one or more of the funds and separate accounts we manage. Our internal policies with respect to individual investments by investment professionals and other employees with access to investment information require prior clearance of most types of transactions and reporting of all securities transactions, and restrict certain transactions to avoid the possibility of conflicts of interest. All employees are required to comply with all prospectus restrictions and limitations on purchases, sales or exchanges of our mutual fund shares and to pre-clear purchases and sales of shares of our closed-end funds.
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The investment management business is a highly competitive global industry and we are subject to substantial competition in each of our principal product categories and distribution channels. There are few barriers to entry for new firms and consolidation within the industry continues to alter the competitive landscape. According to the Investment Company Institute, there were almost 670 investment managers at the end of calendar 2010 that competed in the U.S. mutual fund market. We compete with these firms, many of which have substantially greater resources, on the basis of investment performance, diversity of products, distribution capability, scope and quality of service, fees charged, reputation and the ability to develop new investment strategies and products to meet the changing needs of investors.
In the retail fund channel, we compete with other mutual fund management, distribution and service companies that distribute investment products through affiliated and unaffiliated sales forces, broker/dealers and direct sales to the public. According to the Investment Company Institute, at the end of calendar 2010 there were more than 8,500 open-end investment companies of varying sizes and investment objectives whose shares were being offered to the public in the United States. We rely primarily on intermediaries to distribute our products and pursue sales relationships with all types of intermediaries to broaden our distribution network. A failure to maintain strong relationships with intermediaries who distribute our products in the retail fund channel could have a negative effect on our level of gross and net sales, assets under management, revenue and financial condition.
We are also subject to substantial competition in the retail managed account channel from other investment management firms. Sponsors of retail managed account programs limit the number of approved managers within their programs and firms compete based on investment performance to win and maintain positions in these programs.
In the high-net-worth and institutional separate account channels, we compete with other investment management firms based on the breadth of product offerings, investment performance, strength of reputation and the scope and quality of client service.
On October 31, 2011, we and our controlled subsidiaries had 1,155 full-time and part-time employees. On October 31, 2010, the comparable number was 1,094.
We make available free of charge our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after such filing has been made with the SEC. Reports may be viewed and obtained on our website, http://www.eatonvance.com, or by calling Investor Relations at 617-482-8260. We have included our website address in this report as inactive textual reference only. Information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this report.
The public may read and copy any of the materials we file with the SEC at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE., Washington, DC 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxies and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.
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We are subject to substantial competition in all aspects of our investment management business and there are few barriers to entry. Our funds and separate accounts compete against a large number of investment products and services sold to the public by investment management companies, investment dealers, banks, insurance companies and others. Many institutions we compete with have greater financial resources than us. We compete with these firms on the basis of investment performance, diversity of products, distribution capability, scope and quality of services, fees charged, reputation and the ability to develop new investment strategies and products to meet the changing needs of investors. To the extent that current or potential customers decide to invest in products sponsored by these competitors, the sales of our products as well as our market share, revenue and net income could decline.
The inability to access clients through intermediaries could have a material adverse effect on our business. Our ability to market investment products is highly dependent on access to the various distribution systems of national and regional securities dealer firms, which generally offer competing products that could limit the distribution of our investment products. There can be no assurance that we will be able to retain access to these channels. The inability to have such access could have a material adverse effect on our business. To the extent that existing or potential customers, including securities broker/dealers, decide to invest in or broaden distribution relationships with our competitors, the sales of our products as well as our market share, revenue and net income could decline.
We derive almost all of our revenue from investment advisory and administration fees, distribution income and service fees received from the Eaton Vance funds and separate accounts. As a result, we are dependent upon management contracts, administration contracts, distribution contracts, underwriting contracts or service contracts under which these fees are paid. Generally, these contracts are terminable upon 30 to 60 days notice without penalty. If any of these contracts are terminated, not renewed, or amended to reduce fees, our financial results could be adversely affected.
Our assets under management, which impact revenue, are subject to significant fluctuations. Our major sources of revenue (i.e., investment advisory, administration, distribution and service fees) are generally calculated as percentages of assets under management. Any decrease in the level of our assets under management would negatively impact our revenue and net income. A decline in securities prices or in the sales of our investment products or an increase in fund redemptions or client withdrawals generally would reduce fee income. Financial market declines generally have a negative impact on the level of our assets under management and consequently our revenue and net income. To the extent that we receive fee revenue from assets under management that are derived from financial leverage, any reduction in leverage (financing used by the investment vehicle to increase the investable assets of the vehicle) used would adversely impact the level of our assets under management, revenue and net income. Leverage could be reduced due to an adverse change in interest rates, a decrease in the availability of credit on favorable terms or a determination by us to reduce or eliminate leverage on certain products when we determine that the use of leverage is no longer in our clients best interests.
The continuing weakness the economy is experiencing could adversely impact our revenue and net income if it leads to a decreased demand for investment products and services, a higher redemption rate or a decline in securities prices. Any decreases in the level of our assets under management due to securities price declines, reduction in leverage or other factors could negatively impact our revenue and net income.
Poor investment performance of our products could affect our sales or reduce the amount of assets under management, negatively impacting revenue and net income. Investment performance is critical to our success. Poor investment performance on an absolute basis or as compared to third-party benchmarks or competitor products could lead to a decrease in sales and stimulate higher redemptions, thereby lowering the amount of
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assets under management and reducing the investment advisory fees we earn. Past or present performance in the investment products we manage is not indicative of future performance.
Our success depends on key personnel and our financial performance could be negatively affected by the loss of their services. Our success depends upon our ability to attract, retain and motivate qualified portfolio managers, analysts, investment counselors, sales and management personnel and other key professionals, including our executive officers. Our key employees generally do not have employment contracts and may voluntarily terminate their employment at any time. Certain senior executives and directors are subject to our mandatory retirement policy at age 65. The loss of the services of key personnel or our failure to attract replacement or additional qualified personnel could negatively affect our financial performance. An increase in compensation to attract or retain personnel could result in a decrease in net income.
Our expenses are subject to fluctuations that could materially affect our operating results. Our results of operations are dependent on the level of expenses, which can vary significantly from period to period. Our expenses may fluctuate as a result of variations in the level of compensation, expenses incurred to support distribution of our investment products, expenses incurred to enhance our infrastructure (including technology and compliance) and impairments of intangible assets or goodwill.
Our reputation could be damaged. We have built a reputation of high integrity, prudent investment management and superior client service over 87 years. Our reputation is extremely important to our success. Any damage to our reputation could result in client withdrawals from funds or separate accounts that are advised by us and ultimately impede our ability to attract and retain key personnel. The loss of either client relationships or key personnel could reduce the amount of assets under management and cause us to suffer a loss in revenue or a reduction in net income.
Support provided to new products may reduce fee income, increase expenses and expose us to potential loss on invested capital. We may support the development of new investment products by waiving all or a portion of the fees we receive for managing such products, by subsidizing expenses or by making seed capital investments. Seed investments in the new products utilize Company capital that would otherwise be available for general corporate purposes and expose us to capital losses to the extent that the realized investment losses are not offset by hedging gains. Failure to have or devote sufficient capital to support new products could have an adverse impact on our future growth.
We may need to raise additional capital or refinance existing debt in the future, and resources may not be available to us in sufficient amounts or on acceptable terms. Our ability to access capital markets efficiently depends on a number of factors, including the state of global credit and equity markets, interest rates, credit spreads and our credit ratings. If we are unable to access capital markets to issue new debt, refinance existing debt or sell shares of our Non-Voting Common Stock as needed, or if we are unable to obtain such financing on acceptable terms, our business could be adversely impacted.
We could be subject to losses and reputational harm if we, or our agents, fail to properly safeguard sensitive and confidential information. We are dependent on the effectiveness of our information security policies, procedures and capabilities to protect our computer and telecommunications systems and the data that reside on or are transmitted through them. As part of our normal operations, we maintain and transmit confidential information about our clients as well as proprietary information relating to our business operations. We maintain a system of internal controls designed to provide reasonable assurance that fraudulent activity, including misappropriation of assets, fraudulent financial reporting, and unauthorized access to sensitive or confidential data is either prevented or timely detected. Our technology systems may still be vulnerable to unauthorized access or may be corrupted by computer viruses or other malicious software code, or authorized persons could inadvertently or intentionally release confidential or proprietary information. Although we take precautions to password protect and encrypt our laptops and other mobile electronic hardware, if such hardware is stolen,
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misplaced or left unattended, it may become vulnerable to hacking or other unauthorized use, creating a possible security risk and resulting in potentially costly actions by us. Breach of our technology systems could result in the loss of valuable information, liability for stolen assets or information, remediation costs to repair damage caused by the breach, additional security costs to mitigate against future incidents and litigation costs resulting from the incident. Moreover, loss of confidential customer identification information could harm our reputation, result in the termination of contracts by our existing customers and subject us to liability under laws that protect confidential personal data, resulting in increased costs or loss of revenues.
Expansion into international markets and new products and services increases our operational, regulatory and other risks. We have increased our product offerings and international business activities over the past several years. As a result of such expansion, we face increased operational, regulatory, compliance, reputation and foreign exchange rate risks. The failure of our compliance and internal control systems to properly mitigate such additional risks, or of our operating infrastructure to support such expansion, could result in operational failures and regulatory fines or sanctions.
Legal and regulatory developments in the mutual fund and investment advisory industry could increase our regulatory burden, cause a loss of mutual fund investors, and reduce our revenues. In recent years, regulators both in the United States and abroad have shown increasing interest in the oversight of the broad financial and investment management industry. Some of the newly adopted and proposed regulations are focused directly on the investment management industry, while others are more broadly focused but in many cases will impact our industry as well. These new laws and regulations will likely result in a greater compliance and administrative burdens on us, increasing our expenses.
Our business is subject to risk from regulatory investigation, potential securities laws liability and litigation. We are subject to federal securities laws, state laws regarding securities fraud, other federal and state laws and rules, and regulations of certain regulatory, self-regulatory and other organizations, including, among others, the SEC, FINRA, the FSA and the New York Stock Exchange. While we have focused significant attention and resources on the development and implementation of compliance policies, procedures and practices, non-compliance with applicable laws, rules or regulations, either in the United States or abroad, or our inability to adapt to a complex and ever-changing regulatory environment could result in sanctions against us, which could adversely affect our reputation, business, revenue and earnings. From time to time, various claims against us arise in the ordinary course of business, including employment related claims. We carry insurance in amounts and under terms that we believe are appropriate. We cannot assure that our insurance will cover most liabilities and losses to which we may be exposed, or that our insurance policies will continue to be available at acceptable terms and fees. Certain insurance coverage may not be available or may be prohibitively expensive in future periods. As our insurance policies come up for renewal, we may need to assume higher deductibles or pay higher premiums, which would increase our expenses and reduce our net income.
Changes in corporate tax laws or exposure to additional income tax liabilities could have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Tax authorities may disagree with certain positions we have taken and assess additional taxes. We regularly assess the likely outcomes of these audits in order to determine the appropriateness of our tax provision. However, there can be no assurance that we will accurately predict the outcomes of these audits, and the actual outcomes of these audits could have a material impact on our net income or financial condition. We are subject to ongoing tax audits in various jurisdictions as well as several states. One state previously provided us with a draft position that may result in a proposed adjustment to our previously filed tax returns. The state is currently reevaluating its draft position. We believe that our tax positions related to this potential adjustment were correct, and if an adjustment is proposed, we intend to vigorously defend our positions. It is possible the ultimate resolution of the proposed adjustment, if unfavorable, may be material to the results of our operations. Changes in tax laws or tax rulings could materially impact our effective tax rate.
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We could be impacted by changes in tax policy. Changes in U.S. tax policy may affect us to a greater degree than many of our competitors because we manage significant assets in funds and separate accounts with an after-tax return objective. We believe an increase in overall tax rates could have a positive impact on our municipal income and tax-managed equity businesses. An increase in the tax rate on qualified dividends could have a negative impact on a portion of our tax-advantaged equity income business. Changes in tax policy could also affect our privately offered equity funds.
None.
We conduct our principal operations through leased offices located in Boston, Massachusetts and New York, New York. The leased offices of our subsidiaries are in Atlanta, Georgia; Red Bank, New Jersey; Seattle, Washington; Westport, Connecticut; London, England and Singapore. For more information see Note 19 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this document.
Eaton Vance is party to various lawsuits that are incidental to its business. The Company believes these lawsuits will not have a material effect on its consolidated financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.
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Our Voting Common Stock, $0.00390625 par value, is not publicly traded and was held as of October 31, 2011 by 19 Voting Trustees pursuant to the Voting Trust described in paragraph (A) of Item 12 hereof, which paragraph (A) is incorporated herein by reference. Dividends on our Voting Common Stock are paid quarterly and are equal to the dividends paid on our Non-Voting Common Stock (see below).
Our Non-Voting Common Stock, $0.00390625 par value, is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol EV. The approximate number of registered holders of record of our Non-Voting Common Stock at October 31, 2011 was 2,193. The high and low common stock prices and dividends per share were as follows for the periods indicated:
Fiscal 2011 | Fiscal 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
High Price | Low Price | Dividend Per Share |
High Price | Low Price | Dividend Per Share |
|||||||||||||||||||
Quarter Ended: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
January 31 | $ | 31.81 | $ | 28.62 | $ | 0.18 | $ | 33.47 | $ | 27.34 | $ | 0.16 | ||||||||||||
April 30 | $ | 34.09 | $ | 29.47 | $ | 0.18 | $ | 36.08 | $ | 27.48 | $ | 0.16 | ||||||||||||
July 31 | $ | 34.06 | $ | 26.07 | $ | 0.18 | $ | 36.05 | $ | 26.87 | $ | 0.16 | ||||||||||||
October 31 | $ | 27.89 | $ | 20.07 | $ | 0.19 | $ | 30.86 | $ | 25.60 | $ | 0.18 |
We currently expect to declare and pay comparable dividends per share on our Voting and Non-Voting Common Stock on a quarterly basis.
The following table sets forth certain information concerning our equity compensation plans at October 31, 2011:
Plan category | (a)(1) Number of securities to be issued upon the exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights |
(b) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights |
(c)(2) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) |
|||||||||
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 27,799,321 | $ | 26.50 | 7,400,847 | ||||||||
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | | | | |||||||||
Total | 27,799,321 | $ | 26.50 | 7,400,847 |
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(1) | The amount appearing under the Number of securities to be issued upon the exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights represents 27,799,321 shares related to our 2008 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, and predecessor plans. |
(2) | The amount appearing under Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans includes 1,130,599 shares related to our 1986 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, 1,049,828 shares related to our 1992 Incentive Stock Alternative Plan and 5,220,420 shares related to our 2008 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, which provides for the issuance of stock options, restricted stock and phantom stock. |
The graph below compares the cumulative total return on our Non-Voting Common Stock for the period from November 1, 2006 through October 31, 2011 to that of the Morningstar Financial Services Sector Index and the Standard & Poors 500 Stock Index over the same period. The comparison assumes $100 was invested on October 31, 2006 in our Non-Voting Common Stock and the foregoing indices at the closing price on that day and assumes reinvestments of all dividends paid over the period.
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The table below sets forth information regarding purchases by the Company of our Non-Voting Common Stock on a monthly basis during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2011:
Period | (a) Total Number of Shares Purchased |
(b) Average Price Paid Per Share |
(c)(1) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |
(d) Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased under the Plans or Programs |
||||||||||||
August 1, 2011 through August 31, 2011 | 2,140,099 | $ | 23.20 | 2,140,099 | 5,549,901 | |||||||||||
September 1, 2011 through September 30, 2011 | 1,075,000 | $ | 22.82 | 1,075,000 | 4,474,901 | |||||||||||
October 1, 2011 through October 31, 2011 | 242,997 | $ | 22.94 | 242,997 | 7,979,648 | |||||||||||
Total | 3,458,096 | $ | 23.06 | 3,458,096 | 7,979,648 |
(1) | We announced a share repurchase program on July 13, 2011, which authorized the repurchase of up to 8,000,000 shares of our Non-Voting Common Stock in the open market and in private transactions in accordance with applicable securities laws. This repurchase plan was terminated on October 26, 2011. A total of 3,747,744 shares were repurchased under the plan prior to termination. |
We announced a share repurchase program on October 26, 2011, which authorized the repurchase of up to 8,000,000 shares of our Non-Voting Common Stock in the open market and in private transactions in accordance with applicable securities laws. This repurchase plan is not subject to an expiration date.
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The following table contains selected financial data for the last five years. This data should be read in conjunction with Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Item 7 and our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
For the Years Ended October 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||
Income Statement Data: |
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Revenue | $ | 1,260,031 | $ | 1,121,661 | $ | 890,371 | $ | 1,095,800 | $ | 1,084,100 | ||||||||||
Net income(1) | 227,574 | 201,225 | 135,525 | 202,816 | 149,069 | |||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling and other beneficial interests(2) |
12,672 | 26,927 | 5,418 | 7,153 | 6,258 | |||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders | 214,902 | 174,298 | 130,107 | 195,663 | 142,811 | |||||||||||||||
Adjusted net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders(3) | 245,118 | 194,269 | 131,869 | 195,663 | 220,870 | |||||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data: |
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Total assets(4) | $ | 1,831,300 | $ | 1,258,540 | $ | 1,059,487 | $ | 947,493 | $ | 966,831 | ||||||||||
Debt | 500,000 | 500,000 | 500,000 | 500,000 | 500,000 | |||||||||||||||
Redeemable non-controlling interests (temporary equity) | 100,824 | 67,019 | 43,871 | 72,137 | 73,422 | |||||||||||||||
Total Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders equity | 460,415 | 410,285 | 306,969 | 178,518 | 163,970 | |||||||||||||||
Non-redeemable non-controlling interests | 889 | 570 | 91 | | | |||||||||||||||
Total permanent equity | 461,304 | 410,855 | 307,060 | 178,518 | 163,970 | |||||||||||||||
Per Share Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Earnings per share: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Basic earnings | $ | 1.82 | $ | 1.47 | $ | 1.11 | $ | 1.69 | $ | 1.15 | ||||||||||
Diluted earnings | 1.75 | 1.40 | 1.07 | 1.57 | 1.05 | |||||||||||||||
Adjusted diluted earnings(3) | 2.00 | 1.56 | 1.08 | 1.57 | 1.63 | |||||||||||||||
Cash dividends declared | 0.730 | 0.660 | 0.625 | 0.605 | 0.510 |
(1) | Net income of $149.1 million in fiscal 2007 includes $76.0 million of structuring fee payments made by the Company associated with closed-end fund offerings and payments made by the Company totaling $52.2 million to terminate compensation agreements in respect of certain previously offered closed-end funds. |
(2) | Net income attributable to non-controlling and other beneficial interests of $12.7 million and $26.9 million in fiscal 2011 and fiscal 2010, respectively, reflects an increase of $30.2 million and $18.4 million in the estimated redemption value of redeemable non-controlling interests in our majority-owned subsidiaries in fiscal 2011 and fiscal 2010, respectively. Net income attributable to non-controlling and other beneficial interests also includes $34.5 million of losses substantially borne by other beneficial interest holders of a consolidated collateralized loan obligation (CLO) entity in fiscal 2011. |
(3) | The Company defines adjusted net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders and adjusted earnings per diluted share as net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders and earnings per diluted share, respectively, adjusted for changes in the estimated redemption value of non-controlling interest redeemable at other than fair value, closed-end fund structuring fees and other items management deems non-recurring or non-operating in nature. Neither |
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adjusted net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders nor adjusted earnings per diluted share should be construed to be a substitute for net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders nor earnings per diluted share computed in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Our use of these adjusted numbers, including reconciliations of net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders to adjusted net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders and earnings per diluted share to adjusted earnings per diluted share, is discussed in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Item 7. |
(4) | During fiscal 2011, the Company changed its balance sheet presentation from classified (distinguishing between short-term and long-term accounts) to unclassified (no such distinction) and all prior periods have also been presented in an unclassified format. Total assets on October 31, 2011 include $481.8 million of assets held by a consolidated CLO entity. |
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Our principal business is managing investment funds and providing investment management and counseling services to high-net-worth individuals and institutions. Our core strategy is to develop and sustain management expertise across a range of investment disciplines and to offer leading investment products and services through multiple distribution channels. In executing this strategy, we have developed broadly diversified investment management capabilities and a powerful marketing, distribution and customer service organization. Although we manage and distribute a wide range of investment products and services, we operate in one business segment, namely as an investment adviser to funds and separate accounts.
We are a market leader in a number of investment areas, including tax-managed equity, value equity, equity income, structured emerging market equity, floating-rate bank loan, municipal bond, investment grade, global and high-yield bond investing. Our breadth of investment management capabilities supports a wide range of products and services offered to fund shareholders, retail managed account investors, institutional investors and high-net-worth clients. Our equity strategies encompass a diversity of investment objectives, risk profiles, income levels and geographic representation. Our income investment strategies cover a broad duration and credit quality range and encompass both taxable and tax-free investments. We also offer a range of alternative investment strategies, including commodity-based investments and a spectrum of absolute return strategies. As of October 31, 2011, we had $188.2 billion in assets under management.
Our principal retail marketing strategy is to distribute funds and separately managed accounts through financial intermediaries in the advice channel. We have a broad reach in this marketplace, with distribution partners including national and regional broker/dealers, independent broker/dealers, independent financial advisory firms, banks and insurance companies. We support these distribution partners with a team of approximately 130 sales professionals covering U.S. and international markets.
We also commit significant resources to serving institutional and high-net-worth clients who access investment management services on a direct basis. Through our wholly owned affiliates and consolidated subsidiaries we manage investments for a broad range of clients in the institutional and high-net-worth marketplace, including corporations, endowments, foundations, family offices and public and private employee retirement plans.
Our revenue is derived primarily from investment advisory, administration, distribution and service fees received from Eaton Vance funds and investment advisory fees received from separate accounts. Our fees are based primarily on the value of the investment portfolios we manage and fluctuate with changes in the total value and mix of assets under management. Such fees are recognized over the period that we manage these assets. Our major expenses are employee compensation, distribution-related expenses, amortization of deferred sales commissions, facilities expense and information technology expense.
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to deferred sales commissions, goodwill and intangible assets, income taxes, investments and stock-based compensation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under current circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
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Prevailing market conditions affect our managed asset levels, operating results and the recoverability of our investments. Since financial markets bottomed in the first half of fiscal 2009, we have experienced significant improvement in our key financial metrics. Average assets under management increased 14 percent in fiscal 2011 over fiscal 2010 due to higher average prices of managed assets and positive net flows. Revenue increased faster than our overall expenses in fiscal 2011, resulting in higher operating margins.
Managed Asset Levels
Average assets under management were $192.4 billion in fiscal 2011 compared to $169.0 billion in fiscal 2010. Our average effective fee rate was 65 basis points in fiscal 2011 compared to 66 basis points in fiscal 2010.
As a matter of course, investors in our sponsored open-end funds and separate accounts have the ability to redeem their shares or investments at any time, without prior notice, and there are no material restrictions that would prevent them from doing so.
Operating Results
In fiscal 2011, our revenue increased by $138.4 million, or 12 percent, from fiscal 2010, reflecting the 14 percent increase in average assets under management. Our operating expenses increased by $54.0 million, or 7 percent, in the same period, partly reflecting increases in expenses tied to asset levels that increase as assets under management increase, such as certain distribution and service fees, and increases in expenses that adjust to increases in operating earnings, such as the performance-based management incentives we accrue. These increases were partly offset by a decrease in our sales-related expenses, which
vary with the level of sales and the acquisition costs of new assets.
Recoverability of our Investments
Our $287.7 million of investments consists primarily of positions in Eaton Vance-managed funds and separate accounts entered into for investment and business development purposes. These investments are generally in liquid debt or equity securities and are carried at fair market value. We test our investments, including our investments in non-consolidated collateralized loan obligation (CLO) entities and investments classified as available-for-sale, for impairment on a quarterly basis. We evaluate our investments in non-consolidated CLO entities and investments classified as available-for-sale
for impairment using quantitative factors, including how long the investment has been in a net unrealized loss position, and qualitative factors, including the underlying credit quality of the issuer and our ability and intent to hold the investment. If markets deteriorate during the quarters ahead, our assessment of impairment on a quantitative basis may lead us to impair investments in future quarters that were in an unrealized loss position at October 31, 2011.
We test our investments in affiliates and goodwill in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or as facts and circumstances indicate that additional analysis is warranted. There have been no significant changes in financial condition in fiscal 2011 that would indicate that an impairment loss exists at October 31, 2011.
We periodically review our deferred sales commissions and identifiable intangible assets for impairment as events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. There have been no significant changes in financial condition in fiscal 2011 that would indicate that an impairment loss exists at October 31, 2011.
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Assets under management of $188.2 billion on October 31, 2011 were 2 percent higher than the $185.2 billion reported a year earlier, reflecting positive net flows. Long-term fund net inflows of $0.5 billion in the fiscal year reflect $1.4 billion of open-end fund net inflows and $0.1 billion of closed-end fund net inflows offset by $1.0 billion of private fund net outflows. Private and closed-end fund flows include net reductions in fund leverage of $0.9 billion in the fiscal year. Institutional separate account net inflows were $2.5 billion, high-net-worth separate account net inflows were $0.4 billion and retail managed account net inflows were $0.4 billion. Net price declines in managed assets reduced assets under management by $0.6 billion, while a decrease in cash management assets reduced assets under management by $0.5 billion. Acquired assets contributed $0.3 billion to assets under management.
In prior years we reported managed assets and flow data grouped by investment class (equity, fixed income and floating-rate income), based on the classification of underlying portfolio assets. In fiscal 2011, we began reporting managed assets and flow data by investment mandate, using fund or separate account investment strategy as the primary driver. Concurrent with this change, we added a new Alternative category to reflect the growing importance to our business of investment mandates that are designed to exhibit low correlation to stock and bond market performance. The Alternative category includes a range of absolute return strategies, as well as commodity-linked investments.
Ending Assets under Management by Investment Mandate(1)
October 31, | 2011 vs. 2010 |
2010 vs. 2009 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2011 | % of Total |
2010 | % of Total |
2009 | % of Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity | $ | 108,859 | 58 | % | $ | 107,500 | 58 | % | $ | 94,716 | 61 | % | 1 | % | 13 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Fixed income | 43,741 | 23 | % | 46,127 | 25 | % | 41,066 | 27 | % | -5 | % | 12 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Floating-rate bank loan | 24,322 | 13 | % | 20,003 | 11 | % | 15,355 | 10 | % | 22 | % | 30 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Alternative | 10,612 | 6 | % | 10,474 | 6 | % | 2,345 | 1 | % | 1 | % | 347 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Cash management | 670 | 0 | % | 1,139 | 0 | % | 1,414 | 1 | % | -41 | % | -19 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 188,204 | 100 | % | $ | 185,243 | 100 | % | $ | 154,896 | 100 | % | 2 | % | 20 | % |
(1) | Includes funds and separate accounts. |
Equity assets under management included $28.7 billion, $31.8 billion and $31.4 billion of equity funds managed for after-tax returns on October 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Fixed income assets included $14.6 billion, $17.3 billion and $16.4 billion of tax-exempt municipal bond fund assets on October 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Assets under management for which we estimate fair value are not material relative to the total value of the assets we manage.
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Years Ended October 31, | 2011 vs. 2010 |
2010 vs. 2009 |
||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||
Long-term funds: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Open-end funds | $ | 1,425 | $ | 12,804 | $ | 7,397 | -89 | % | 73 | % | ||||||||||
Closed-end funds | 117 | 691 | (9 | ) | -83 | % | NM | (1) | ||||||||||||
Private funds | (993 | ) | (2,053 | ) | (3,960 | ) | -52 | % | -48 | % | ||||||||||
Total long-term fund net inflows | 549 | 11,442 | 3,428 | -95 | % | 234 | % | |||||||||||||
Institutional accounts | 2,518 | 4,059 | 7,753 | -38 | % | -48 | % | |||||||||||||
High-net-worth accounts | 429 | 674 | 159 | -36 | % | 324 | % | |||||||||||||
Retail managed accounts | 395 | 171 | 2,118 | 131 | % | -92 | % | |||||||||||||
Total separate account net inflows | 3,342 | 4,904 | 10,030 | -32 | % | -51 | % | |||||||||||||
Total net inflows | $ | 3,891 | $ | 16,346 | $ | 13,458 | -76 | % | 21 | % |
(1) | Not meaningful (NM) |
Net inflows totaled $3.9 billion in fiscal 2011 compared to net inflows of $16.3 billion in fiscal 2010 and $13.5 billion in fiscal 2009. Open-end fund net inflows of $1.4 billion, $12.8 billion and $7.4 billion in fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, reflect gross inflows of $30.3 billion, $32.2 billion and $23.1 billion, respectively, net of redemptions of $28.9 billion, $19.4 billion and $15.7 billion in fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Closed-end fund net inflows in fiscal 2011 reflect reinvested distributions partly offset by a decrease in portfolio leverage. Closed-end fund net inflows in fiscal 2010 reflect the $200.0 million initial public offering of Eaton Vance Tax-Advantaged Bond and Option Strategies Fund, a net increase in portfolio leverage and reinvested distributions. Private funds, which include privately offered equity, fixed income and floating-rate income funds as well as CLO entities, had net outflows of $1.0 billion, $2.1 billion and $4.0 billion in fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Approximately $1.0 billion, $0.8 billion and $1.4 billion of private fund outflows in fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, can be attributed to reductions in portfolio leverage. Reductions in portfolio leverage in closed-end and private funds reflect paydowns to maintain required asset coverage ratios as well as other portfolio activity.
Separate account net inflows totaled $3.3 billion in fiscal 2011 compared to net inflows of $4.9 billion and $10.0 billion in fiscal 2010 and 2009, respectively. Institutional separate account net inflows totaled $2.5 billion in fiscal 2011 compared to net inflows of $4.1 billion and $7.8 billion in fiscal 2010 and 2009, respectively, reflecting gross inflows of $12.3 billion, $9.3 billion and $10.5 billion in fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, net of withdrawals of $9.8 billion, $5.2 billion and $2.7 billion, respectively. High-net-worth account net inflows totaled $0.4 billion in fiscal 2011 compared to net inflows of $0.7 billion and $0.2 billion in fiscal 2010 and 2009, respectively, reflecting gross inflows of $2.8 billion, $2.7 billion and $2.5 billion in fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, net of withdrawals of $2.4 billion, $2.0 billion and $2.3 billion, respectively. Retail managed account net inflows totaled $0.4 billion, $0.2 billion and $2.1 billion in fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, reflecting gross inflows of $6.7 billion, $6.7 billion and $8.4 billion, respectively, net of withdrawals of $6.3 billion, $6.5 billion and $6.3 billion, respectively. Retail managed account withdrawals in fiscal 2010 reflect a $1.5 billion reduction in Parametric Portfolio Associates retail managed account overlay assets as a result of the integration of Bank of Americas retail managed account program into the Merrill Lynch retail managed account program following Bank of Americas 2009 acquisition of Merrill Lynch.
The following table summarizes the asset flows by investment category for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009:
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Years Ended October 31, | 2011 vs. 2010 |
2010 vs. 2009 |
||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||
Equity fund assets beginning | $ | 58,434 | $ | 53,829 | $ | 50,850 | 9 | % | 6 | % | ||||||||||
Sales/inflows | 12,935 | 12,993 | 14,179 | 0 | % | -8 | % | |||||||||||||
Redemptions/outflows | (16,065 | ) | (13,599 | ) | (12,679 | ) | 18 | % | 7 | % | ||||||||||
Exchanges and reclassifications | 32 | 377 | (84 | ) | -91 | % | NM | |||||||||||||
Market value change | (1,476 | ) | 4,834 | 1,563 | NM | 209 | % | |||||||||||||
Equity fund assets ending | 53,860 | 58,434 | 53,829 | -8 | % | 9 | % | |||||||||||||
Fixed income fund assets beginning | 29,421 | 26,076 | 21,268 | 13 | % | 23 | % | |||||||||||||
Sales/inflows | 6,568 | 7,416 | 6,992 | -11 | % | 6 | % | |||||||||||||
Redemptions/outflows | (7,156 | ) | (5,422 | ) | (5,136 | ) | 32 | % | 6 | % | ||||||||||
Exchanges and reclassifications | (177 | ) | 178 | 134 | NM | 33 | % | |||||||||||||
Market value change | (1,151 | ) | 1,173 | 2,818 | NM | -58 | % | |||||||||||||
Fixed income fund assets ending | 27,505 | 29,421 | 26,076 | -7 | % | 13 | % | |||||||||||||
Floating-rate bank loan fund assets beginning | 16,128 | 14,361 | 12,432 | 12 | % | 16 | % | |||||||||||||
Sales/inflows | 8,317 | 4,481 | 3,630 | 86 | % | 23 | % | |||||||||||||
Redemptions/outflows | (4,504 | ) | (2,421 | ) | (3,969 | ) | 86 | % | -39 | % | ||||||||||
Exchanges and reclassifications | 52 | (733 | ) | (33 | ) | NM | NM | |||||||||||||
Market value change | 163 | 440 | 2,301 | -63 | % | -81 | % | |||||||||||||
Floating-rate bank loan fund assets ending | 20,156 | 16,128 | 14,361 | 25 | % | 12 | % | |||||||||||||
Alternative fund assets beginning | 9,995 | 1,938 | 1,596 | 416 | % | 21 | % | |||||||||||||
Sales/inflows | 5,215 | 9,233 | 571 | -44 | % | NM | ||||||||||||||
Redemptions/outflows | (4,761 | ) | (1,239 | ) | (160 | ) | 284 | % | 674 | % | ||||||||||
Exchanges and reclassifications | (82 | ) | 104 | 14 | NM | 643 | % | |||||||||||||
Market value change | (183 | ) | (41 | ) | (83 | ) | 346 | % | -51 | % | ||||||||||
Alternative fund assets ending | 10,184 | 9,995 | 1,938 | 2 | % | 416 | % | |||||||||||||
Total long-term fund assets beginning | 113,978 | 96,204 | 86,146 | 18 | % | 12 | % | |||||||||||||
Sales/inflows | 33,035 | 34,123 | 25,372 | -3 | % | 34 | % | |||||||||||||
Redemptions/outflows | (32,486 | ) | (22,681 | ) | (21,944 | ) | 43 | % | 3 | % | ||||||||||
Exchanges and reclassifications | (175 | ) | (74 | ) | 31 | 136 | % | NM | ||||||||||||
Market value change | (2,647 | ) | 6,406 | 6,599 | NM | -3 | % | |||||||||||||
Total long-term fund assets ending | 111,705 | 113,978 | 96,204 | -2 | % | 18 | % | |||||||||||||
Separate accounts beginning | 70,126 | 57,278 | 35,832 | 22 | % | 60 | % | |||||||||||||
Inflows institutional | 12,350 | 9,285 | 10,498 | 33 | % | -12 | % | |||||||||||||
Outflows institutional | (9,832 | ) | (5,226 | ) | (2,745 | ) | 88 | % | 90 | % | ||||||||||
Inflows high-net-worth | 2,848 | 2,715 | 2,517 | 5 | % | 8 | % | |||||||||||||
Outflows high-net-worth | (2,419 | ) | (2,041 | ) | (2,358 | ) | 19 | % | -13 | % | ||||||||||
Inflows retail managed accounts | 6,657 | 6,683 | 8,379 | 0 | % | -20 | % | |||||||||||||
Outflows retail managed accounts | (6,262 | ) | (6,512 | ) | (6,261 | ) | -4 | % | 4 | % | ||||||||||
Exchanges and reclassifications | 4 | | | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||
Market value change | 2,006 | 7,944 | 4,563 | -75 | % | 74 | % | |||||||||||||
Assets acquired | 352 | | 6,853 | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||
Separate accounts ending | 75,830 | 70,126 | 57,278 | 8 | % | 22 | % | |||||||||||||
Cash management fund assets ending | 669 | 1,139 | 1,414 | -41 | % | -19 | % | |||||||||||||
Assets under management ending | $ | 188,204 | $ | 185,243 | $ | 154,896 | 2 | % | 20 | % |
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October 31, | 2011 vs. 2010 |
2010 vs. 2009 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2011 | % of Total |
2010 | % of Total |
2009 | % of Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Open-end funds: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 33,524 | 18 | % | $ | 38,048 | 21 | % | $ | 34,608 | 22 | % | -12 | % | 10 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | 1,294 | 1 | % | 1,861 | 1 | % | 2,297 | 2 | % | -30 | % | -19 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Class C | 9,607 | 5 | % | 10,387 | 6 | % | 8,102 | 5 | % | -8 | % | 28 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Class I | 26,720 | 14 | % | 22,198 | 12 | % | 10,727 | 7 | % | 20 | % | 107 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Class R | 458 | 0 | % | 457 | 0 | % | 378 | 0 | % | 0 | % | 21 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Other(1) | 618 | 1 | % | 616 | 0 | % | 732 | 1 | % | 0 | % | -16 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Total open-end funds | 72,221 | 39 | % | 73,567 | 40 | % | 56,844 | 37 | % | -2 | % | 29 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Private funds(2) | 17,404 | 9 | % | 17,518 | 9 | % | 17,612 | 11 | % | -1 | % | -1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Closed-end funds | 22,749 | 12 | % | 24,032 | 13 | % | 23,162 | 15 | % | -5 | % | 4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Total fund assets | 112,374 | 60 | % | 115,117 | 62 | % | 97,618 | 63 | % | -2 | % | 18 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Institutional separate account assets | 38,003 | 20 | % | 34,593 | 19 | % | 26,723 | 17 | % | 10 | % | 29 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
High-net-worth separate account assets | 13,256 | 7 | % | 11,883 | 6 | % | 10,137 | 7 | % | 12 | % | 17 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Retail managed account assets | 24,571 | 13 | % | 23,650 | 13 | % | 20,418 | 13 | % | 4 | % | 16 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Total separate account assets | 75,830 | 40 | % | 70,126 | 38 | % | 57,278 | 37 | % | 8 | % | 22 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 188,204 | 100 | % | $ | 185,243 | 100 | % | $ | 154,896 | 100 | % | 2 | % | 20 | % |
(1) | Includes other classes of Eaton Vance open-end funds. |
(2) | Includes privately offered equity, fixed income and floating-rate income funds and CLO entities. |
We currently sell our sponsored open-end mutual funds under five primary pricing structures: front-end load commission (Class A); spread-load commission (Class B); level-load commission (Class C); institutional no-load (Class I); and retirement plan no-load (Class R). We waive the front-end sales load on Class A shares under certain circumstances. In such cases, the shares are sold at net asset value.
Fund assets represented 60 percent of total assets under management on October 31, 2011, down from 62 percent and 63 percent on October 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, while separate account assets, which include institutional, high-net-worth and retail managed account assets, increased to 40 percent of total assets under management on October 31, 2011, from 38 percent and 37 percent on October 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Fund assets under management decreased $2.7 billion, or 2 percent, from $115.1 billion on October 31, 2010, reflecting net price declines of $2.6 billion and net reductions in fund leverage of $0.9 billion partly offset by annualized internal growth before deleveraging of 1 percent. Separate account assets under management increased $5.7 billion, or 8 percent, from $70.1 billion on October 31, 2010, reflecting annualized internal growth of 5 percent, market appreciation of $2.0 billion and assets acquired of $0.3 billion.
Average assets under management presented in the following table represent a monthly average by asset class. This table is intended to provide information useful in the analysis of our asset-based revenue and distribution
29
expenses. With the exception of our separate account investment advisory fees, which are generally calculated as a percentage of either beginning, average or ending quarterly assets, our investment advisory, administration, distribution and service fees, as well as certain expenses, are generally calculated as a percentage of average daily assets.
Years Ended October 31, | 2011 vs. 2010 |
2010 vs. 2009 |
||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||
Open-end funds: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 36,871 | $ | 36,682 | $ | 30,676 | 1 | % | 20 | % | ||||||||||
Class B | 1,583 | 2,070 | 2,403 | -24 | % | -14 | % | |||||||||||||
Class C | 10,173 | 9,221 | 7,002 | 10 | % | 32 | % | |||||||||||||
Class I | 26,865 | 15,887 | 6,601 | 69 | % | 141 | % | |||||||||||||
Class R | 487 | 421 | 302 | 16 | % | 39 | % | |||||||||||||
Other(2) | 608 | 655 | 866 | -7 | % | -24 | % | |||||||||||||
Total open-end funds | 76,587 | 64,936 | 47,850 | 18 | % | 36 | % | |||||||||||||
Private funds(3) | 17,372 | 17,336 | 17,915 | 0 | % | -3 | % | |||||||||||||
Closed-end funds | 23,521 | 23,253 | 21,290 | 1 | % | 9 | % | |||||||||||||
Total fund assets | 117,480 | 105,525 | 87,055 | 11 | % | 21 | % | |||||||||||||
Institutional account assets | 36,962 | 30,133 | 18,501 | 23 | % | 63 | % | |||||||||||||
High-net-worth account assets | 13,091 | 11,027 | 10,075 | 19 | % | 9 | % | |||||||||||||
Retail managed account assets | 24,890 | 22,332 | 17,053 | 11 | % | 31 | % | |||||||||||||
Total separate account assets | 74,943 | 63,492 | 45,629 | 18 | % | 39 | % | |||||||||||||
Total | $ | 192,423 | $ | 169,017 | $ | 132,684 | 14 | % | 27 | % |
(1) | Assets under management attributable to acquisitions that closed during the relevant periods are included on a weighted average basis for the period from their respective closing dates. |
(2) | Includes other classes of Eaton Vance open-end funds. |
(3) | Includes privately offered equity, fixed income and floating-rate income funds and CLO entities. |
In evaluating operating performance we consider net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders and earnings per diluted share, which are calculated on a basis consistent with U.S. GAAP, as well as adjusted net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders and adjusted earnings per diluted share, both of which are internally derived non-U.S. GAAP performance measures.
We define adjusted net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders and adjusted earnings per diluted share as net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders and earnings per diluted share, respectively, adjusted for charges related to changes in the estimated redemption value of non-controlling interests
30
redeemable at other than fair value (non-controlling interest value adjustments), closed-end fund structuring fees and other items management deems non-recurring or non-operating in nature. Neither adjusted net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders nor adjusted earnings per diluted share should be construed to be a substitute for net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders nor earnings per diluted share computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, our management and Board of Directors look at these adjusted numbers as a measure of underlying performance, since these excluded items do not necessarily reflect normal results of operations.
The following table provides a reconciliation of net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders and earnings per diluted share to adjusted net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders and adjusted earnings per diluted share, respectively, for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009:
Years Ended October 31, | 2011 vs. 2010 |
2010 vs. 2009 |
||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders | $ | 214,902 | $ | 174,298 | $ | 130,107 | 23 | % | 34 | % | ||||||||||
Non-controlling interest value adjustment | 30,216 | 18,385 | | 64 | % | NM | ||||||||||||||
Closed-end fund structuring fees, net of tax | | 1,586 | 1,762 | NM | -10 | % | ||||||||||||||
Adjusted net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders | $ | 245,118 | $ | 194,269 | $ | 131,869 | 26 | % | 47 | % | ||||||||||
Earnings per diluted share | $ | 1.75 | $ | 1.40 | $ | 1.07 | 25 | % | 31 | % | ||||||||||
Non-controlling interest value adjustment | 0.25 | 0.15 | | 67 | % | NM | ||||||||||||||
Closed-end fund structuring fees, net of tax | | 0.01 | 0.01 | NM | 0 | % | ||||||||||||||
Adjusted earnings per diluted share | $ | 2.00 | $ | 1.56 | $ | 1.08 | 28 | % | 44 | % |
We reported net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders of $214.9 million, or $1.75 per diluted share, in fiscal 2011 compared to net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders of $174.3 million, or $1.40 per diluted share, in fiscal 2010. We reported adjusted net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders of $245.1 million, or $2.00 per diluted share, in fiscal 2011 compared to adjusted net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders of $194.3 million, or $1.56 per diluted share, in fiscal 2010. The change in net income and adjusted net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders can be primarily attributed to the following:
| An increase in revenue of $138.4 million, or 12 percent, primarily reflecting the 14 percent increase in average assets under management and an increase in other revenue due to higher investment income earned by the Companys consolidated funds partly offset by a decrease in our annualized effective fee rate to 65 basis points in fiscal 2011 from 66 basis points in fiscal 2010. |
| An increase in expenses of $54.0 million, or 7 percent, due to increases in compensation expense, distribution expense, service fee expense, the amortization of deferred sales commissions, fund expenses and other expenses. |
| An increase in gains on investments and derivatives of $0.8 million, primarily reflecting a $5.5 million gain recognized upon the sale of the Companys equity interest in Lloyd George Management (BVI) Limited (Lloyd George Management) and a $1.9 million gain recognized upon the sale of the Companys equity interest in a non-consolidated CLO entity offset by a decrease in investment gains recognized on seed investments in separately managed accounts. |
31
| A decrease in other income (expense) of the Companys consolidated CLO entity of $30.6 million, reflecting losses incurred by the entity in fiscal 2011. The losses incurred primarily reflect an increase in the fair market value of the note obligations issued by the entity to beneficial interest holders. |
| An increase in income taxes of $30.6 million, or 24 percent, reflecting the 17 percent increase in taxable income year-over-year and an increase in the Companys effective tax rate for the year. The Companys income before taxes in fiscal 2011 was reduced by losses incurred by the Companys consolidated CLO entity and therefore not included in the calculation of the Companys income taxes. The inclusion of these losses in consolidated income before taxes but not in the Companys calculation of income taxes contributed to an increase in the Companys effective tax rate year-over-year. |
| A decrease in net income attributable to non-controlling interests of $14.3 million, primarily reflecting the net losses incurred by the Companys consolidated CLO entity that are borne by other beneficial interest holders partly offset by increases in the annual adjustments made to the estimated redemption values of non-controlling interests in the Companys majority-owned subsidiaries and an increase in net income attributable to non-controlling interest holders in the Companys majority-owned subsidiaries and consolidated funds. |
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding decreased by 2.7 million shares, or 2 percent, primarily reflecting shares repurchased in fiscal 2011 and a decrease in the number of in-the-money share options included in the calculation of weighted average diluted shares outstanding.
We reported net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders of $174.3 million, or $1.40 per diluted share, in fiscal 2010 compared to net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders of $130.1 million, or $1.07 per diluted share, in fiscal 2009. We reported adjusted net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders of $194.3 million, or $1.56 per diluted share, in fiscal 2010 compared to adjusted net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders of $131.9 million, or $1.08 per diluted share, in fiscal 2009. The change in net income and adjusted net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders can be primarily attributed to the following:
| An increase in revenue of $231.3 million, or 26 percent, primarily reflecting the 27 percent increase in average assets under management offset by a decrease in our annualized effective fee rate to 66 basis points in fiscal 2010 from 67 basis points in fiscal 2009. |
| An increase in expenses of $111.2 million, or 17 percent, due to increases in compensation expense, distribution expense, service fee expense, the amortization of deferred sales commissions and other expenses partly offset by a decrease in fund expenses. |
| A decrease in gains on investments and derivatives of $1.8 million, primarily reflecting a decrease in investment gains recognized on seed investments in separately managed accounts and an increase in investment losses on derivative positions entered into by the Company to hedge seed investments in consolidated funds. |
| An increase in income taxes of $55.2 million, or 78 percent, reflecting the 57 percent increase in taxable income year-over-year, a deferred tax adjustment in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009 related to stock-based compensation expense that resulted in a decrease in our fiscal 2009 income tax expense of $5.2 million and a reduction in our unrecognized tax benefit in fiscal 2009 related to settlements with state taxing authorities. |
| An increase in net income attributable to non-controlling interests of $21.5 million, primarily reflecting an increase in the profitability of our majority-owned subsidiaries and consolidated funds and an $18.4 million increase in the estimated redemption value of redeemable non-controlling interests recognized in conjunction with the November 1, 2009 implementation of a new accounting standard on non-controlling interests. |
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Weighted average diluted shares outstanding increased by 2.1 million shares, or 2 percent, primarily reflecting an increase in the number of in-the-money share options included in the calculation of weighted average diluted shares outstanding.
Our average overall effective fee rate (total revenue, excluding other revenue, as a percentage of average assets under management) was 65 basis points in fiscal 2011 compared to 66 basis points in 2010 and 67 basis points in fiscal 2009. The decrease in our average overall effective fee rate in both fiscal 2011 and 2010 can be attributed to the increase in separate account assets under management as a percentage of total average assets under management and the decline in average fund assets under management subject to distribution and service fees.
Years Ended October 31, | 2011 vs. 2010 |
2010 vs. 2009 |
||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||
Investment advisory and administration fees | $ | 996,222 | $ | 867,683 | $ | 683,820 | 15 | % | 27 | % | ||||||||||
Distribution and underwriter fees | 102,979 | 103,995 | 85,234 | -1 | % | 22 | % | |||||||||||||
Service fees | 144,530 | 139,741 | 116,331 | 3 | % | 20 | % | |||||||||||||
Other revenue | 16,300 | 10,242 | 4,986 | 59 | % | 105 | % | |||||||||||||
Total revenues | $ | 1,260,031 | $ | 1,121,661 | $ | 890,371 | 12 | % | 26 | % |
Investment advisory and administration fees
Investment advisory and administration fees are determined by contractual agreements with our sponsored funds and separate accounts and are generally based upon a percentage of the market value of assets under management. Net asset flows and changes in the market value of managed assets affect the amount of managed assets on which investment advisory and administration fees are earned, while changes in asset mix among different investment mandates and products affect our average effective fee rate. Investment advisory and administration fees represented 79 percent of total revenue in fiscal 2011
compared to 77 percent in fiscal 2010 and 2009.
The increase in investment advisory and administration fees of 15 percent, or $128.5 million, in fiscal 2011 over the prior fiscal year can be primarily attributed to a 14 percent increase in average assets under management. Fund assets, which had an average effective fee rate of 65 basis points in fiscal 2011 and 63 basis points in fiscal 2010, decreased to 60 percent of total assets under management on October 31, 2011 from 62 percent of total assets under management on October 31, 2010, while separately managed account assets, which had an average effective fee rate of 30 basis points in fiscal 2011 and 31 basis points in fiscal 2010, increased to 40 percent of total assets under management on October 31, 2011 from 38 percent of total assets under management on October 31, 2010.
The increase in investment advisory and administration fees of 27 percent, or $183.9 million, in fiscal 2010 over fiscal 2009 can be attributed to a 27 percent increase in average assets under management. Fund assets, which had an average effective fee rate of 63 basis points in fiscal 2010 and 62 basis points in fiscal 2009, decreased to 62 percent of total assets under management on October 31, 2010 from 63 percent of total assets under management on October 31, 2009, while separately managed account assets, which had an average effective fee rate of 31 basis points in fiscal 2010 and 32 basis points in fiscal 2009, increased to 38 percent of total assets under management on October 31, 2010 from 37 percent of total assets under management on October 31, 2009.
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Equity assets under management, which generally have a higher effective investment advisory and administration fee rate, declined to 58 percent of total assets under management on October 31, 2010 from 61 percent on October 31, 2009, largely as a result of strong net sales of fixed and floating-rate income funds in fiscal 2010.
Distribution and underwriter fees
Distribution plan payments, which are made under contractual agreements with our sponsored funds, are calculated as a percentage of average assets under management in certain share classes of our mutual funds, as well as certain private funds. These fees fluctuate with both the level of average assets under management and the relative mix of assets. Underwriter commissions are earned on the sale of shares of our sponsored mutual funds on which investors pay a sales charge at the time of purchase (Class A share sales). Sales charges and underwriter commissions are waived or reduced on shareholder purchases
that exceed specified minimum amounts and on certain categories of investors. Underwriter commissions fluctuate with the level of Class A share sales and the mix of Class A shares offered with and without sales charges.
Distribution plan payments increased 1 percent, or $1.0 million, to $92.8 million in fiscal 2011, reflecting increases in Class C and Class R distribution fees partly offset by decreases in Class A, Class B and certain private fund distribution fees. Class C share distribution fees increased by 10 percent, or $6.5 million, to $72.7 million, reflecting a 10 percent increase in average Class C share assets under management. Class R share distribution fees increased by 15 percent, or $0.1 million, to $1.1 million, reflecting a 16 percent increase in average Class R share assets under management. Class A share distribution fees decreased by 33 percent, or $0.4 million, to $0.8 million, reflecting certain reductions in certain Class A share distribution fee rates implemented in fiscal 2010. Class B share distribution fees decreased by 26 percent, or $4.9 million, to $13.6 million, reflecting a decrease in average Class B share assets under management of 24 percent year-over-year. Private fund distribution fees decreased by 7 percent, or $0.4 million, to $4.6 million, reflecting a 7 percent decrease in average private fund assets subject to distribution fees. Underwriter fees and other distribution income decreased 17 percent, or $2.0 million, to $10.2 million in fiscal 2011, reflecting a decrease of $3.0 million in underwriter fees received on sales of Class A shares, partly offset by an increase of $0.9 million in contingent deferred sales charges received on certain Class A redemptions and an increase of $0.1 million in other distribution income.
Distribution plan payments increased 19 percent, or $14.8 million, to $91.8 million in fiscal 2010 over fiscal 2009, reflecting an increase in Class C and Class R distribution fees partly offset by decreases in Class A, Class B and certain private offered equity fund distribution fees. Class C share distribution fees increased by 33 percent, or $16.5 million, to $66.3 million, reflecting a 32 percent increase in average Class C share assets under management. Class R share distribution fees increased by 44 percent, or $0.3 million, to $1.0 million, reflecting a 39 percent increase in average Class R share assets under management. Class A share distribution fees decreased by 8 percent, or $0.1 million, to $1.1 million, reflecting certain reductions in Class A share distribution fee rates implemented in fiscal 2010. Class B share distribution fees decreased by 8 percent, or $1.5 million, to $18.4 million, reflecting a 14 percent decrease in average Class B share assets under management. Private fund distribution fees decreased by 7 percent, or $0.4 million, to $5.0 million, reflecting a 17 percent decrease in average private fund assets subject to distribution fees. Underwriter fees and other distribution income totaled $12.2 million in fiscal 2010, an increase of 49 percent, or $4.0 million, over the same period a year earlier, primarily reflecting an increase of $3.8 million in underwriter fees received on sales of Class A shares.
Service fees
Service fees, which are paid to Eaton Vance Distributors, Inc. (EVD) pursuant to distribution or service plans adopted by our sponsored mutual funds, are calculated as a percent of average assets under management in specific share classes of the funds (principally Classes A, B, C and R). Certain private funds also make service
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fee payments to EVD. Service fees are paid to EVD as principal underwriter or placement agent to the funds for service and/or the maintenance of shareholder accounts.
Service fee revenue increased 3 percent, or $4.8 million, to $144.5 million in fiscal 2011 over fiscal 2010, primarily reflecting a 2 percent increase in average assets under management in funds and classes of funds subject to service fees and an increase in our average effective service fee revenue rate. The increase in our average effective service fee revenue rate can be attributed to the increase in average Class A share assets under management subject to above-average service fee rates.
Service fee revenue increased 20 percent, or $23.4 million, to $139.7 million in fiscal 2010 over fiscal 2009, primarily reflecting a 17 percent increase in average assets under management in funds and classes of funds subject to service fees and an increase in our average effective service fee revenue rate attributable to the increase in average Class A share assets under management subject to above-average service fee rates.
Other revenue
Other revenue, which consists primarily of shareholder service fees, miscellaneous dealer income, custody fees, sublease income and investment income earned by consolidated funds, increased by $6.1 million in fiscal 2011 over fiscal 2010, primarily reflecting an increase in net investment gains recognized on securities held in the portfolios of consolidated funds. Other revenue in fiscal 2011 includes $11.4 million of net investment gains (net gains plus dividend income earned) related to consolidated funds for the period during which they were consolidated, compared to $5.7 million of net investment gains in fiscal 2010.
Other revenue increased by $5.3 million in fiscal 2010 over fiscal 2009, primarily reflecting an increase in net investment gains recognized on securities held in the portfolios of consolidated funds. Other revenue in fiscal 2010 includes $5.7 million of net investment income related to consolidated funds for the period during which they were consolidated, compared to $1.3 million of net investment gains in fiscal 2009.
Operating expenses increased by 7 percent, or $54.0 million, in fiscal 2011 over fiscal 2010, reflecting increases in all major operating expense categories as more fully described below.
Years Ended October 31, | 2011 vs. 2010 |
2010 vs. 2009 |
||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||
Compensation of officers and employees: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cash compensation | $ | 317,633 | $ | 300,737 | $ | 251,392 | 6 | % | 20 | % | ||||||||||
Stock-based compensation | 52,294 | 48,160 | 41,670 | 9 | % | 16 | % | |||||||||||||
Total compensation of officers and employees | 369,927 | 348,897 | 293,062 | 6 | % | 19 | % | |||||||||||||
Distribution expense | 132,664 | 126,064 | 95,988 | 5 | % | 31 | % | |||||||||||||
Service fee expense | 124,517 | 116,900 | 94,468 | 7 | % | 24 | % | |||||||||||||
Amortization of deferred sales commissions | 35,773 | 35,533 | 35,178 | 1 | % | 1 | % | |||||||||||||
Fund expenses | 25,295 | 20,455 | 22,432 | 24 | % | -9 | % | |||||||||||||
Other expenses | 134,198 | 120,530 | 116,023 | 11 | % | 4 | % | |||||||||||||
Total expenses | $ | 822,374 | $ | 768,379 | $ | 657,151 | 7 | % | 17 | % |
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Compensation of officers and employees
Compensation expense increased by 6 percent, or $21.0 million, in fiscal 2011 over fiscal 2010, reflecting increases in base salaries and employee benefits, operating income-based incentives, stock-based compensation and other compensation partly offset by a decrease in sales and revenue-based incentives. Base salaries and employee benefits increased by 8 percent, or $12.4 million, primarily reflecting increases in base salaries associated with higher headcount, annual merit increases and an increase in payroll taxes associated with the increase in base salaries and operating income-based incentives.
Operating income-based incentives increased by 12 percent, or $11.4 million, reflecting an increase in adjusted operating income partly offset by a decrease in the rate at which operating income-based incentives were accrued. Stock-based compensation increased by 9 percent, or $4.1 million, primarily reflecting the increase in restricted stock grants made in the first quarter of fiscal 2011. Other compensation expense increased by 33 percent, or $0.6 million, reflecting an increase in severance costs. Sales and revenue-based incentives decreased by 12 percent, or $7.5 million, primarily reflecting a decrease in our effective sales incentive rate due to changes in sales mix and incentive rate schedules and a decrease in gross sales of long-term funds.
Compensation expense increased by 19 percent, or $55.8 million, in fiscal 2010 over fiscal 2009, reflecting increases in base salaries and employee benefits, operating income-based incentives, stock-based compensation and sales and revenue-based incentives partly offset by a decrease in other compensation. Base salaries and employee benefits increased by 4 percent, or $5.4 million, primarily reflecting increases in base salaries associated with higher headcount, annual merit increases and an increase in payroll taxes associated with the increase in base salaries and operating income-based incentives. Operating income-based incentives increased by 40 percent, or $26.9 million, reflecting an increase in adjusted operating income. Stock-based compensation increased by 16 percent, or $6.5 million, primarily reflecting the increase in restricted stock grants made in the first quarter of fiscal 2010. Sales and revenue-based incentives increased by 43 percent, or $18.1 million, primarily reflecting a 34 percent increase in gross sales of long-term funds and the success of Eaton Vance Global Macro Absolute Return Fund, sales of which were compensated at an above-average level through the third quarter of fiscal 2010. Sales and revenue-based incentives include $0.4 million and $0.6 million in sales-based compensation associated with closed-end fund offerings in fiscal 2010 and 2009, respectively. Other compensation expense decreased by 36 percent, or $1.0 million, reflecting an increase in severance costs partly offset by a decrease in other compensation expense.
Distribution expense
Distribution expense consists primarily of ongoing payments made to intermediaries for certain Class C share and closed-end fund assets, which are calculated as a percentage of average assets under management, commissions paid to broker/dealers on the sale of Class A shares at net asset value, compensation arrangements associated with our closed-end funds, marketing support arrangements with our distribution partners and other distribution expenses.
Distribution expense increased by 5 percent, or $6.6 million, to $132.7 million in fiscal 2011 over fiscal 2010, reflecting increases in marketing expenses associated with intermediary marketing support payments, Class C share distribution fees, and other marketing expenses partly offset by decreases in Class A share commissions and compensation arrangements associated with our closed-end funds. Marketing expenses associated with intermediary marketing support arrangements with our distribution partners increased by 14 percent, or $5.2 million, to $41.6 million, reflecting the increase in average managed assets that are subject to these arrangements and changes in the terms of certain support agreements. Class C share distribution fees increased by 12 percent, or $5.6 million, to $51.9 million, reflecting an increase in Class C share assets held more than one year. Other distribution expenses increased by 26 percent, or $3.4 million, to $16.2 million, primarily reflecting expansion of the Companys marketing programs. Class A share commissions decreased by 48 percent, or $5.5 million, to $5.8 million, reflecting a decrease in certain Class A sales on which we pay a commission. Compensation arrangements associated with our closed-end funds decreased by 11 percent, or $2.1 million, to
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$17.2 million, primarily reflecting a decrease in closed-end fund structuring fees in fiscal 2011. Total distribution expense included $2.6 million in closed-end fund structuring fees in fiscal 2010.
Distribution expense increased by 31 percent, or $30.1 million, to $126.1 million in fiscal 2010 over fiscal 2009, reflecting increases in marketing expenses associated with intermediary marketing support payments, Class A share commissions, Class C share distribution fees, payments made under certain closed-end fund compensation agreements and other marketing expenses. Marketing expenses associated with intermediary marketing support payments to our distribution partners increased by 37 percent, or $9.9 million, to $36.3 million, reflecting the increase in sales and average managed assets that are subject to these arrangements and changes in the terms of certain support agreements. Class A share commissions increased by 54 percent, or $4.0 million, to $11.3 million, reflecting an increase in certain Class A sales on which we pay a commission. Class C share distribution fees increased by 25 percent, or $9.1 million, to $46.3 million, reflecting an increase in Class C share assets held more than one year. Compensation arrangements associated with our closed-end funds increased by 14 percent, or $2.0 million, to $16.8 million, reflecting higher closed-end fund managed assets on which these fees are paid. Other distribution expenses increased by 66 percent, or $5.1 million, to $12.8 million, primarily reflecting a major commitment made in fiscal 2010 to elevate the scope and quality of the Companys marketing programs. Total distribution expense included $2.6 million and $2.7 million in closed-end fund structuring fees in fiscal 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Service fee expense
Service fees we receive from sponsored funds are generally retained in the first year and paid to broker/dealers thereafter pursuant to third-party service arrangements. These fees are calculated as a percent of average assets under management in certain share classes of our mutual funds (principally Classes A, B, C and R), as well as certain private funds. Service fee expense increased by 7 percent, or $7.6 million, in fiscal 2011, reflecting an increase in average fund assets retained more than one year in funds and share classes that are subject to service fees. Service fee expense increased by 24 percent, or $22.4
million, in fiscal 2010, reflecting an increase in average fund assets retained more than one year in funds and share classes that are subject to service fees.
Amortization of deferred sales commissions
Amortization expense is affected by ongoing sales and redemptions of mutual fund Class B shares, Class C shares, Class R shares and certain private funds. Amortization expense increased 1 percent in fiscal 2011, reflecting an increase in average Class C and Class R share deferred sales commissions partly offset by a decrease in average Class B share and privately offered equity fund deferred sales commissions. In fiscal 2011, 18 percent of total amortization related to Class B shares, 68 percent to Class C shares, 1 percent to Class R shares and 13 percent to privately offered equity funds.
Amortization expense increased 1 percent in fiscal 2010, reflecting an increase in average Class C share deferred sales commissions partly offset by a decrease in average Class B share and privately offered equity fund deferred sales commissions. In fiscal 2010, 22 percent of total amortization expense related to Class B shares, 59 percent to Class C shares and 19 percent to privately offered equity funds.
Fund expenses
Fund expenses consist primarily of fees paid to subadvisors, compliance costs and other fund-related expenses we incur. Fund expenses increased 24 percent, or $4.8 million, in fiscal 2011, reflecting increases in subadvisory fees paid and the subsidies we provide to startup and other small funds to enhance their cost competitiveness partly offset by decreases in non-advisory expenses we bear on certain funds for which we are paid an all-in management fee and other fund-related expenses. The increase in subadvisory fees paid can be attributed to an increase in the average assets under management of sponsored funds that are
subadvised by outside managers.
Fund expenses decreased 9 percent, or $2.0 million, in fiscal 2010, reflecting a decrease in subadvisory fees partly offset by an increase in other fund-related expenses. The decrease in subadvisory fees can be attributed to
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the termination by us of certain closed-end fund subadvisory agreements in fiscal 2009. The increase in other fund-related expenses can be attributed to increases in the subsidies we provide to startup and other smaller funds to enhance their cost competitiveness and the non-advisory expenses we bear on certain funds for which we are paid an all-in management fee.
Other expenses
Other expenses consist primarily of travel, professional services, information technology, facilities, communications and other miscellaneous corporate expenses, including the amortization of intangible assets.
Other expenses increased by 11 percent, or $13.7 million, in fiscal 2011 over fiscal 2010, primarily reflecting increases in travel expense of $0.7 million, professional services expense of $1.4 million, information technology expense of $6.7 million, facilities-related expenses of $1.5 million, communications expense of $0.5 million and other corporate expenses of $2.8 million. The increase in travel expense can be attributed to an increase in hotel and air travel costs. The increase in professional services expense can be attributed to an increase in external legal counsel fees. The increase in information technology expense can be attributed to increases in data services, system maintenance and repairs and other information technology consulting expenses. The increase in facilities-related expenses can be attributed to an increase in general building and insurance expenses. The increase in communications expense can be attributed to an increase in telephone and cable expense, while the increase in other corporate expenses reflects increases in the amortization of intangible assets, other corporate taxes, professional development and the inclusion of $0.4 million of general operating expenses of the consolidated CLO entity.
Other expenses increased by 4 percent, or $4.5 million, in fiscal 2010 over fiscal 2009, primarily reflecting increases in travel expense of $1.8 million, professional services expense of $2.6 million, information technology expense of $1.7 million, communications expense of $0.2 million and other corporate expenses of $1.9 million, offset by a decrease in facilities-related expenses of $3.7 million. The increase in travel expense can be attributed to an increase in the cost of travel partly offset by corporate initiatives to manage expenses. The increase in professional services expense can be attributed to increases in external legal and recruiting expenses. The increase in information technology expense can be attributed to an increase in the cost of data services. The increase in communications expense can be attributed to an increase in telephone and cable expense, while the increase in other corporate expenses reflects increases in other general corporate expenses, including charitable giving and professional development. The decrease in facilities-related expenses can be attributed to a decrease in rent and other building expenses associated with the completion of our move to new corporate headquarters in Boston in the second quarter of fiscal 2009 and the termination of our lease at our former location.
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Years Ended October 31, | 2011 vs. 2010 |
2010 vs. 2009 |
||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||
Interest income | $ | 2,907 | $ | 2,864 | $ | 3,745 | 2 | % | -24 | % | ||||||||||
Interest expense | (33,652 | ) | (33,666 | ) | (33,682 | ) | 0 | % | 0 | % | ||||||||||
Net gains on investments and derivatives | 5,102 | 4,300 | 6,078 | 19 | % | -29 | % | |||||||||||||
Net foreign currency gains (losses) | (26 | ) | 181 | 165 | NM | 10 | % | |||||||||||||
Impairment losses on investments | | | (1,863 | ) | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||
Other income (expense) of consolidated collateralized loan obligation entity: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income | 21,116 | | | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (13,575 | ) | | | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||
Net losses on bank loans, other investments and note obligations | (38,153 | ) | | | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||
Total other expense | $ | (56,281 | ) | $ | (26,321 | ) | $ | (25,557 | ) | 114 | % | 3 | % |
Interest income increased 2 percent in fiscal 2011, primarily due to an increase in average cash balances partly offset by a decrease in effective interest rates. Interest income decreased by $0.9 million, or 24 percent, in fiscal 2010, primarily due to a decrease in effective interest rates.
Interest expense was flat year-over-year in both fiscal 2011 and 2010, reflecting constant levels of interest accrued on our fixed-rate senior notes.
In fiscal 2011, we recognized net gains on investments and derivatives totaling $5.1 million, primarily reflecting a $5.5 million gain upon the sale of the Companys equity investment in Lloyd George Management, a $1.9 million gain on the sale of the Companys equity investment in a non-consolidated CLO entity managed by the Company and investment gains on seed investments in separately managed accounts, partly offset by losses on derivative positions entered into by the Company to hedge seed investments in consolidated funds and separate accounts.
In fiscal 2010 and 2009, we recognized net gains of $4.3 million and $6.1 million, primarily representing activity on seed investments in separately managed accounts and derivative positions entered into to hedge seed investments in consolidated funds and separately managed accounts.
We recognized impairment losses of $1.9 million in fiscal 2009 related to two cash flow instrument CLO entities and a synthetic CLO entity. The impairment losses associated with the two cash instrument CLO entities resulted from a decrease in estimated future cash flows from the CLO entities due to increases in the default rates of the underlying loan portfolios. The impairment loss associated with the synthetic CLO entity, which reduced the carrying value of our investment in that entity to zero in fiscal 2009, resulted from a decrease in the estimated cash flows from the entity due to higher realized default rates and lower recovery rates on the reference securities underlying the synthetic CLO entitys portfolio of credit default swaps.
Other expense of the Companys consolidated CLO entity totaled $30.6 million in fiscal 2011 primarily reflecting adjustments to the fair market value of the note obligations issued by the entity, which are substantially borne by other beneficial interest holders.
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Our effective tax rate calculated as income taxes as a percentage of income before income taxes and equity in net income (loss) of affiliates, was 41.1 percent, 38.6 percent and 34.2 percent in fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The increase in our overall effective tax rate in fiscal 2011 can be primarily attributed to the losses incurred by the Companys consolidated CLO entity, which are substantially borne by other beneficial interest holders and therefore not included in the calculation of the Companys income taxes. The increase in our overall effective tax rate in fiscal 2010 can be primarily attributed to the execution of a state tax voluntary disclosure agreement in fiscal 2009 that resulted in a net reduction in our income tax expense of $2.8 million and a deferred tax adjustment in fiscal 2009 related to stock-based compensation expense that resulted in reduction in our income tax expense of $5.2 million.
Our policy for accounting for income taxes includes monitoring our business activities and tax policies for compliance with federal, state and foreign tax laws. In the ordinary course of business, various taxing authorities may not agree with certain tax positions we have taken, or applicable law may not be clear. We periodically review these tax positions and provide for and adjust as necessary estimated liabilities relating to such positions as part of our overall tax provision. There were no significant changes in our estimates surrounding these positions in any of the periods presented.
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliates, net of tax, for fiscal 2011 primarily reflects our 7 percent minority equity interest in a private equity partnership and equity interests in funds we sponsor, notably Eaton Vance Option Absolute Return Strategy Fund and Eaton Vance Parametric Structured Commodity Strategy Fund. Equity in net income of affiliates, net of tax, increased by $2.5 million in 2011, primarily due to an increase in the net income of the private equity partnership. Equity in net income of affiliates, net of tax, increased by $1.6 million in 2010, primarily due to an increase in the net income of the private equity partnership partly offset by a decrease in the net income of Lloyd George Management. As noted above, we sold our equity investment in Lloyd George Management in fiscal 2011.
Net income attributable to non-controlling and other beneficial interests decreased by $14.3 million in fiscal 2011 from the same period a year earlier, reflecting the recognition of $34.5 million of losses borne by other beneficial interest holders of the consolidated CLO entity partly offset by an $8.4 million increase in net income attributable to non-controlling interest holders in the Companys consolidated funds and majority owned subsidiaries and an $11.8 million increase in the estimated redemption values of the non-controlling interests in those subsidiaries. The increase in the estimated redemption values of non-controlling interests in our majority owned subsidiaries Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC (Parametric Portfolio Associates), Parametric Risk Advisors LLC (Parametric Risk Advisors) and Atlanta Capital Management Company LLC (Atlanta Capital Management) reflect the subsidiaries profit growth. In fiscal 2011, the adjustments in the estimated redemption value of non-controlling interests in Parametric Portfolio Associates, Parametric Risk Advisors and Atlanta Capital Management were $20.0 million, $1.9 million and $8.3 million, respectively. In fiscal 2010, the adjustments for Parametric Portfolio Associates, Parametric Risk Advisors and Atlanta Capital Management and Fox Asset Management were $1.2 million, $9.5 million, $7.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively. The Companys proportionate share of the losses of the CLO entity are eliminated in consolidation; management fees that the Company is entitled to are not.
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Net income attributable to non-controlling interests increased by $21.5 million in fiscal 2010, primarily reflecting an increase of $18.4 million in the estimated redemption value of non-controlling interests redeemable at other than fair value.
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests is not adjusted for taxes due to the underlying tax status of our consolidated subsidiaries. Parametric Portfolio Associates, Parametric Risk Advisors and Atlanta Capital Management are limited liability companies that are treated as partnerships for tax purposes. Funds and the CLO entity we consolidate are registered investment companies or private funds that are treated as pass-through entities for tax purposes.
The assets and liabilities of the consolidated CLO entity do not affect our liquidity or capital resources. The collateral assets of the consolidated CLO entity are held solely to satisfy the obligations of the CLO entity and we have no right to these assets beyond our $2.3 million direct investment in the CLO entity and management fees generated from the entity. The note holders of the CLO entity have no recourse to the general credit of the Company. As a result, the assets and liabilities of the consolidated CLO entity are excluded from the discussion of liquidity and capital resources below.
The following table summarizes certain key financial data relating to our liquidity, capital resources and uses of cash on October 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 and for the years then ended:
October 31, | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||
Balance sheet data: |
||||||||||||
Assets: |
||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 510,913 | $ | 307,886 | $ | 310,586 | ||||||
Investment advisory fees and other receivables | 130,525 | 129,380 | 107,975 | |||||||||
Total liquid assets | $ | 641,438 | $ | 437,266 | $ | 418,561 | ||||||
Investments | $ | 287,735 | $ | 334,409 | $ | 183,460 | ||||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||||||
Debt | $ | 500,000 | $ | 500,000 | $ | 500,000 |
Years Ended October 31, | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||
Cash flow data: |
||||||||||||
Operating cash flows | $ | 172,312 | $ | 95,899 | $ | 164,355 | ||||||
Investing cash flows | 133,520 | (14,025 | ) | 41,345 | ||||||||
Financing cash flows | (103,047 | ) | (84,252 | ) | (91,863 | ) |
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Liquid assets consist of cash and cash equivalents and investment advisory fees and other receivables. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to cash. Investment advisory fees and other receivables primarily represent receivables due from sponsored funds and separately managed accounts for investment advisory and distribution services provided. Liquid assets represented 48 percent and 35 percent of total assets on October 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, excluding those assets identified as assets of the consolidated CLO entity. Although the Companys seed investments in consolidated funds and separate accounts are primarily held in daily liquid instruments, these seed investments are not classified as liquid assets because they may be longer term in nature.
The $204.2 million increase in liquid assets in fiscal 2011 can be attributed to an increase in cash and cash equivalent balances of $203.0 million and an increase in investment advisory fees and other receivables of $1.1 million. The increase in cash and cash equivalent balances in fiscal 2011 primarily reflects net cash provided by operating activities of $172.3 million, net proceeds from the sale of available-for-sale securities of $156.9 million, net inflows into consolidated funds from non-controlling interest holders of $118.5 million, proceeds from the issuance of Non-Voting Common Stock of $60.9 million offset by the repurchase of $198.6 million of Non-Voting Common Stock, the payment of $85.2 million of dividends to shareholders, $11.6 million in contingent payments made to the sellers of the former Tax-Advantaged Bond Strategies business of M.D. Sass Investors Services (TABS) in the second quarter of fiscal 2011 and the payment of $6.6 million to purchase additional interests in Parametric Portfolio Associates and Parametric Risk Advisors in the third quarter of fiscal 2011. The increase in investment advisory fees and other receivables can be attributed to the increase in our revenue run rate at the end of fiscal 2011 compared to the end of fiscal 2010.
The $18.7 million increase in liquid assets in fiscal 2010 can be attributed to an increase in investment advisory fees and other receivables of $21.4 million partly offset by a decrease in cash and cash equivalent balances of $2.7 million. The increase in investment advisory fees and other receivables can be attributed to the increase in our revenue run rate at the end of fiscal 2010 compared to the end of fiscal 2009. The decrease in cash and cash equivalent balances in fiscal 2010 primarily reflects the payment of $75.7 million of dividends to shareholders, the repurchase of $111.2 million of Non-Voting Common Stock, the payment of $11.2 million to purchase additional interests in Parametric Portfolio Associates and Parametric Risk Advisors in the third quarter of fiscal 2010, $8.8 million in contingent payments made to the sellers of TABS in the second quarter of fiscal 2010 and additions to equipment and leasehold improvements of $12.2 million partly offset by net cash provided by operating activities of $95.9 million, proceeds from the issuance of Non-Voting Common Stock of $56.2 million, net inflows into consolidated funds from non-controlling interest holders of $45.0 million, excess tax benefits of stock option exercises of $10.8 million and payments received on a note receivable from an affiliate of $8.0 million.
On October 31, 2011, our debt consisted of $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.5 percent unsecured notes due in 2017. We also maintain a $200.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility with several banks that expires on August 13, 2012. The facility provides that we may borrow at LIBOR-based rates of interest that vary depending on the level of usage of the facility and our credit ratings. The agreement contains financial covenants with respect to leverage and interest coverage and requires us to pay an annual commitment fee on any unused portion. We had no borrowings under our revolving credit facility at October 31, 2011 or at any point during the fiscal year. We were in compliance with all of the covenants as of October 31, 2011.
We continue to monitor our liquidity daily. We remain committed to growing our business and expect that our main uses of cash will be to invest in new products, acquire shares of our Non-Voting Common Stock, pay dividends, make strategic acquisitions, enhance technology infrastructure and pay the operating expenses of the business, which are largely variable in nature and fluctuate with product sales, revenue and assets under management. We believe that our existing liquid assets, cash flows from operations, which contributed $172.3
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million in fiscal 2011, and borrowing capacity under our existing credit facility, are sufficient to meet our current and forecasted operating cash needs and to satisfy our future commitments as more fully described in Contractual Obligations below. The risk exists, however, that if we determine we need to raise additional capital or refinance existing debt in the future, resources may not be available to us in sufficient amounts or on acceptable terms. Our ability to enter the capital markets in a timely manner depends on a number of factors, including the state of global credit and equity markets, interest rates, credit spreads and our credit ratings. If we are unable to access capital markets to issue new debt, refinance existing debt or sell shares of our Non-Voting Common Stock as needed, or if we are unable to obtain such financing on acceptable terms, our business could be adversely impacted.
During fiscal 2011, the Company received approval from the Internal Revenue Service to change the Companys tax accounting for certain closed-end fund distribution expenses. This change in tax accounting allows for the immediate tax deduction of current year closed-end fund distribution expenses, as well as a tax deduction in the Companys fiscal 2010 federal tax return for previously deferred expenses. This change in accounting resulted in a decrease in deferred tax assets and a corresponding decrease in taxes payable of $94.7 million. In conjunction with the approval of the change in tax accounting, the Company filed for and received a refund of $85.0 million in fiscal 2011.
Our operating cash flows are calculated by adjusting net income to reflect other significant sources and uses of cash, certain significant non-cash items and timing differences in the cash settlement of other assets and liabilities. Significant sources and uses of cash that are not reflected in either revenue or operating expenses include net cash flows associated with our deferred sales commission assets (capitalized sales commissions paid net of contingent deferred sales charges received) as well as net cash flows associated with the purchase and sale of investments within the portfolios of our consolidated funds and separate accounts (proceeds received from the sale of trading investments net of cash outflows associated with the purchase of trading investments). Significant non-cash items include the amortization of deferred sales commissions and intangible assets, depreciation, stock-based compensation and the net change in deferred income taxes.
Cash provided by operating activities totaled $172.3 million in fiscal 2011, an increase of $76.4 million from the $95.9 million reported in fiscal 2010. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities year over year primarily reflects an increase in net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders of $40.6 million, the receipt of a federal income tax refund of $85.0 million in fiscal 2011 associated with the change in tax accounting for certain closed-end fund distribution expenses and a net decrease of $51.3 million related to timing differences in the cash settlement of other assets and liabilities.
Cash provided by operating activities totaled $95.9 million in fiscal 2010, a decrease of $68.5 million from the $164.4 million reported in fiscal 2009. The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities year over year reflects significant seed investments made in consolidated funds and separate accounts in fiscal 2010 partly offset by an increase in net income.
Cash flows from investing activities consist primarily of the purchase of equipment and leasehold improvements, cash paid in acquisitions, cash payments and receipts on a note receivable from affiliate and the purchase and sale of available-for-sale investments in our sponsored funds that we do not consolidate.
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Cash provided by investing activities totaled $133.5 million in fiscal 2011 compared to cash used for investing activities of $14.0 million in fiscal 2010. The increase in cash provided by investing activities year over year can be primarily attributed to an increase in net proceeds received in conjunction with the net purchases and sales of available-for-sale investments in fiscal 2011. In fiscal 2011 and 2010, the Company made contingent payments of $11.6 million and $8.8 million, respectively, to the sellers of TABS under the terms of the 2009 acquisition agreement.
Cash used for investing activities totaled $14.0 million in fiscal 2010 compared to cash provided by investing activities of $41.3 million in fiscal 2009. The decrease in cash provided by investing activities year over year can be primarily attributed to a decrease in net proceeds received in conjunction with the net purchases and sales of available-for-sale investments in fiscal 2010. In fiscal 2010 and 2009, the Company made payments of $8.8 million and $30.9 million, respectively, to the sellers of TABS under the terms of the 2009 acquisition agreement.
Financing cash flows primarily reflect distributions to non-controlling interest holders of our majority-owned subsidiaries and consolidated funds, the purchase of additional non-controlling interests in our majority-owned subsidiaries, the issuance and repurchase of our Non-Voting Common Stock, excess tax benefits associated with stock option exercises and the payment of dividends to our shareholders. Financing cash flows also include proceeds from the issuance of capital stock by consolidated investment companies and cash paid to meet redemptions by non-controlling interest holders of these funds.
Cash used for financing activities totaled $103.0 million, $84.3 million and $91.9 million in fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. In fiscal 2011, we repurchased and retired a total of 7.3 million shares of our Non-Voting Common Stock for $198.6 million under our authorized repurchase programs and issued 4.6 million shares of our Non-Voting Common Stock in connection with the grant of restricted share awards, the exercise of stock options and other employee stock purchases for total proceeds of $60.9 million. We have authorization to purchase an additional 8.0 million shares under our current share repurchase authorization and anticipate that future repurchases will continue to be an ongoing use of cash. Our dividends declared per share were $0.73 in fiscal 2011, compared to $0.66 in fiscal 2010 and $0.63 in fiscal 2009. We currently expect to declare and pay comparable dividends on our Voting and Non-Voting Common Stock on a quarterly basis.
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The following table details our future contractual obligations as of October 31, 2011:
Payments due | ||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | Total | Less than 1 Year |
1 3 Years | 4 5 Years | After 5 Years |
|||||||||||||||
Operating leases facilities and equipment(1) | $ | 411 | $ | 19 | $ | 40 | $ | 39 | $ | 313 | ||||||||||
Senior notes | 500 | | | | 500 | |||||||||||||||
Interest payment on senior notes | 195 | 33 | 65 | 65 | 32 | |||||||||||||||
Investment in private equity partnership | 1 | 1 | | | | |||||||||||||||
Unrecognized tax benefits(2) | 10 | | 10 | | | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,117 | $ | 53 | $ | 115 | $ | 104 | $ | 845 | ||||||||||
Contractual obligations of consolidated CLO: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Senior and subordinated note obligations | $ | 500 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 500 | ||||||||||
Interest payments on senior notes | 22 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 7 | |||||||||||||||
Total contractual obligations of consolidated CLO | $ | 522 | $ | 3 | $ | 6 | $ | 6 | $ | 507 |
(1) | Minimum payments have not been reduced by minimum sublease rentals of $4.5 million due in the future under noncancelable subleases. |
(2) | This amount includes unrecognized tax benefits along with accrued interest and penalties. |
In July 2006, we committed to invest up to $15.0 million in a private equity partnership that invests in companies in the financial services industry. We had invested $13.8 million as of October 31, 2011, and the remaining commitment is included in the table above.
Interests held by non-controlling interest holders of Atlanta Capital Management, Parametric Portfolio Associates and Parametric Risk Advisers are not subject to mandatory redemption. The purchase of non-controlling interests is predicated, for each subsidiary, on the exercise of a series of puts held by non-controlling interest holders and calls held by us. Neither the exercise of the puts nor the exercise of the calls is contingent upon the non-controlling interest holders of the acquired entities remaining employed by the Company. The puts provide the non-controlling interest holders the right to require us to purchase these retained interests at specific intervals over time, while the calls provide us with the right to require the non-controlling interest holders to sell their retained equity interests to us at specified intervals over time, as well as upon the occurrence of certain events such as death or permanent disability. As a result, there is significant uncertainty as to the timing of any non-controlling interest purchase in the future. The value assigned to the purchase of an originating non-controlling interest is based, in each case, on a multiple of earnings before interest and taxes of the subsidiary, which is a measure that is intended to represent fair market value. There is no discrete floor or ceiling on any non-controlling interest purchase. As a result, there is significant uncertainty as to the amount of any non-controlling interest purchase in the future. Accordingly, future payments to be made to purchase non-controlling interests have been excluded from the above table, unless a put or call option has been exercised and a mandatory firm commitment exists for us to purchase such non-controlling interests. Although the timing and amounts of these purchases cannot be predicted with certainty, we anticipate that the purchase of non-controlling interests in our consolidated subsidiaries may be a significant use of cash in future years.
We have presented all redeemable non-controlling interests at redemption value on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of October 31, 2011. We have recorded the current year change in the estimated redemption value of
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non-controlling interests redeemable at fair value as a component of additional paid-in capital and have recorded the current year change in the estimated redemption value of non-controlling interests redeemable at other than fair value as a component of net income attributable to non-controlling and other beneficial interests. Based on our calculations, the estimated redemption value of our non-controlling interests, redeemable at either fair value or other than fair value, totaled $100.8 million on October 31, 2011 compared to $67.0 million on October 31, 2010.
In conjunction with its acquisition of TABS in December 2008, the Company is obligated to make five further annual contingent payments based on prescribed multiples of TABSs revenue for the twelve months ending December 31, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016. There is no defined floor or ceiling on any payment, resulting in significant uncertainty as to the amount of any payment in the future. Accordingly, future payments to be made have been excluded from the above table until such time as the uncertainty has been resolved. In the second quarter of fiscal 2011, the Company made a contingent payment equal to $11.6 million with respect to the twelve months ended December 31, 2010.
In February 2011, the non-controlling interest holders of Fox Asset Management LLC (Fox Asset Management) executed a put option requiring the Company to purchase an additional 16 percent interest in Fox Asset Management. The transaction settled on March 1, 2011 and increased the Companys ownership interest from 84 percent to 100 percent. Pursuant to the terms of the unit purchase agreement, no proceeds were transferred at closing.
In April 2011, the non-controlling interest holders of Parametric Portfolio Associates exercised a put option requiring the Company to purchase for $4.3 million an additional interest in Parametric Portfolio Associates representing a 0.5 percent capital interest and a 0.9 percent profit interest in the entity. The payment was treated as an equity transaction and reduced redeemable non-controlling interests at closing in May. The transaction reduced the capital interests held by non-controlling interest holders from 5.7 percent on October 31, 2010 to 5.2 percent on October 31, 2011. Profit interests held by non-controlling interest holders, which include direct profit interests in Parametric Portfolio Associates as well as indirect profit interests granted as part of a long-term equity incentive plan of that entity, increased to 11.4 percent on October 31, 2011 from 11.1 percent on October 31, 2010, reflecting an additional 1.2 percent profit interest granted under the long-term equity plan partly offset by the repurchase of the 0.9 percent profit interest referenced above.
In June 2011, the Company exercised a call option requiring the non-controlling interest holders of Parametric Risk Advisors to sell to us an additional interest in Parametric Risk Advisors for $2.3 million. The transaction increased our ownership interest from 51 to 60 percent. The payment was treated as an equity transaction and reduced redeemable non-controlling interests at closing.
Capital interests held by non-controlling interest holders of Atlanta Capital Management totaled 0.6 percent on October 31, 2011 and 2010. Profit interests held by non-controlling interest holders, which include direct profit interests in Atlanta Capital Management as well as indirect profit interests granted as part of a long-term equity incentive plan of that entity, increased to 16.9 percent on October 31, 2011 from 15.2 percent on October 31, 2010, reflecting an additional 1.7 percent profit interest granted under the long-term equity plan.
We do not invest in any off-balance sheet vehicles that provide financing, liquidity, market or credit risk support or engage in any leasing activities that expose us to any liability that is not reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
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We believe the following critical accounting policies, among others, affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities
Effective November 1, 2010, we adopted new accounting guidance relating to the consolidation of variable interest entities (VIEs). This accounting guidance provides a framework for determining whether an entity should be considered a VIE and, if so, whether our involvement with the entity results in a variable interest in the entity. If we determine that we do have a variable interest in the entity, we must then perform an analysis to determine whether we should be treated as the primary beneficiary of the entity. If we determine that we should be treated as the primary beneficiary of
the entity, we are required to consolidate the assets, liabilities and results of operations of the entity into the consolidated financial statements of the Company. A company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE if it has a controlling financial interest in the VIE. A company is deemed to have a controlling financial interest in a VIE if it has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIEs economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb the losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
Our evaluation of whether we qualify as the primary beneficiary of a VIE is highly complex. In our analysis, we must make significant estimates and assumptions regarding future cash flows of the VIE. These estimates and assumptions relate primarily to market interest rates, credit default rates, pre-payment rates, discount rates, the marketability of certain securities and the probability of certain outcomes. There is judgment involved in assessing whether we have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the entity.
While we believe that our evaluation is appropriate, future changes in estimates, judgments and assumptions may affect the determination of the primary beneficiary status and the resulting consolidation of the assets, liabilities and results of operations of the VIE in our consolidated financial statements.
Fair Value Measurements
Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques to measure fair value. This fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value and gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs.
Assets and liabilities measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following categories based on the nature of the inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, an investments classification within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Level 1 | Unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the reporting date. |
Level 2 | Observable inputs other than Level 1 unadjusted quoted market prices, such as quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for |
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identical or similar assets or liabilities that are not active, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable or corroborated by observable market data. |
Level 3 | Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity. |
Deferred Sales Commissions
Sales commissions paid to broker/dealers in connection with the sale of certain classes of shares of open-end funds and private funds are generally capitalized and amortized over the period during which redemptions by the purchasing shareholder are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge, which does not exceed six years from purchase. Distribution plan payments received from these funds are recorded in revenue as earned. Contingent deferred sales charges and early withdrawal charges received from redeeming shareholders of these funds are generally applied to reduce our unamortized deferred sales commission
assets. Should we lose our ability to recover such sales commissions through distribution plan payments and contingent deferred sales charges, the value of these assets would immediately decline, as would future cash flows.
We evaluate the carrying value of our deferred sales commission asset for impairment on a quarterly basis. In our impairment analysis, we compare the carrying value of the deferred sales commission asset to the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset in the form of distribution fees over the remaining useful life of the deferred sales commission asset to determine whether impairment has occurred. If the carrying value of the asset exceeds the undiscounted cash flows, the asset is written down to fair value based on discounted cash flows. Impairment adjustments are recognized in operating income as a component of amortization of deferred sales commissions.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of our investment in the net assets of acquired companies over the fair value of the underlying identifiable net assets at the dates of acquisition. We attribute all goodwill associated with the acquisitions of Atlanta Capital Management and Parametric Portfolio Associates, which share similar economic characteristics, to a single reporting unit. Management believes that the inclusion of these entities in a single reporting unit for the purposes of goodwill impairment testing most accurately reflects the synergies achieved in acquiring these entities, namely centralized distribution of
similar products and services to similar clients. We attribute all goodwill associated with the acquisition of TABS and Fox Asset Management to a second reporting unit.
Goodwill is not amortized but is tested annually for impairment in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year by comparing the fair value of the reporting units to the carrying amounts, including goodwill. We establish fair value for the purpose of impairment testing by either using the income approach or by averaging fair value established using an income approach and fair value established using a market approach, depending on the reporting unit.
The income approach employs a discounted cash flow model that takes into account (1) assumptions that marketplace participants would use in their estimates of fair value, (2) current period actual results, and (3) budgeted results for future periods that have been vetted by senior management at the reporting unit level. Budgeted results for future periods are most significantly impacted by assumptions made as to the growth in assets under management, future revenue run rates and future operating margins. The discounted cash flow model incorporates the same fundamental pricing concepts used to calculate fair value in the acquisition due diligence process and a discount rate that takes into consideration our estimated cost of capital adjusted for the uncertainty inherent in the acquisition.
The market approach employs market multiples for comparable transactions in the financial services industry obtained from industry sources, taking into consideration the nature, scope and size of the acquired reporting unit. Estimates of fair value are established using a multiple of assets under management and current and
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forward multiples of both revenue and EBITDA adjusted for size and performance level relative to peer companies. A weighted average calculation is then performed, giving greater weight to fair value calculated based on multiples of revenue and EBITDA and lesser weight to fair value calculated as a multiple of assets under management. Fair values calculated using one year, two year and trailing twelve-month revenue multiples and one year, two year and trailing twelve-month EBITDA multiples are each weighted 15 percent, while fair value calculated based on a multiple of assets under management is weighted 10 percent. We believe that fair value calculated based on multiples of revenue and EBITDA is a better indicator of fair value in that these fair values provide information as to both scale and profitability.
If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its calculated fair value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test will be performed to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any.
Intangible Assets
Amortized identifiable intangible assets generally represent the cost of client relationships and management contracts acquired. In valuing these assets, we make assumptions regarding useful lives and projected growth rates, and significant judgment is required. We periodically review identifiable intangibles for impairment as events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. If the carrying amounts of the assets exceed their respective fair values, additional impairment tests are performed to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any.
Non-amortizing intangible assets generally represent the cost of mutual fund management contracts acquired. Non-amortizing intangible assets are tested for impairment in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year by comparing the fair value of the management contracts acquired to their carrying values. The Company establishes fair value for purposes of impairment testing using the income approach. If the carrying value of a management contract acquired exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized equal to that excess.
Accounting for Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate reflects the statutory tax rates of the many jurisdictions in which we operate. Significant judgment is required in determining our effective tax rate and in evaluating our tax positions. In the ordinary course of business, many transactions occur for which the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain, and we adjust our income tax provision in the period in which we determine that actual outcomes will likely be different from our estimates. Accounting standards requires that the tax effects of a position be recognized only if it is more likely than not to be sustained based solely on its technical
merits as of the reporting date. The more-likely-than-not threshold must continue to be met in each reporting period to support continued recognition of a benefit. Unrecognized tax benefits, as well as the related interest, are adjusted regularly to reflect changing facts and circumstances. While we have considered future taxable income and ongoing tax planning in assessing our taxes, changes in tax laws may result in a change to our tax position and effective tax rate. We classify any interest or penalties incurred as a component of income tax expense.
Management is required to estimate the timing of the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities and to make assumptions about the future deductibility of deferred tax assets. We assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against our deferred tax assets based on consideration of all available evidence, using a more-likely-than-not standard. This assessment takes into account our forecast of future profitability, the duration of statutory carry back and carry forward periods, our experience with the tax attributes expiring unused, tax planning alternatives and other tax considerations.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense reflects the fair value of stock-based awards measured at grant date, is recognized over the relevant service period, and is adjusted each period for anticipated forfeitures. The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The Black-Scholes option valuation model incorporates assumptions as to dividend yield, volatility, an appropriate
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risk-free interest rate and the expected life of the option. Many of these assumptions require managements judgment but are not subject to significant variability. Management must also apply judgment in developing an expectation of awards that may be forfeited. If actual experience differs significantly from these estimates, stock-based compensation expense and our results of operations could be materially affected.
Non-controlling interests
Direct interests in our majority-owned subsidiaries are puttable at established multiples of earnings before interest and taxes and, as such, are considered redeemable at other than fair value. The Companys non-controlling interests redeemable at other than fair value are recorded in temporary equity at estimated redemption value and changes in estimated redemption value are recorded in earnings. As a result, net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders and earnings per basic and diluted share are impacted by changes in the estimated redemption values of such redeemable non-controlling interests.
Testing goodwill for impairment
In September 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued an amendment to the existing goodwill impairment guidance. The terms of the amendment permit a reporting entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform step one of the two-step goodwill impairment test. The new guidance is effective for the Company for the fiscal year that begins on November 1, 2012. The adoption of this new guidance is not expected to have a material effect on the Companys Consolidated Financial Statements.
Fair value measurements
In May 2011, the FASB issued an amendment that modifies and clarifies existing fair value measurement and disclosure guidance. The amendment results in common requirements for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements in accordance with GAAP and International Financial Reporting Requirements. In some instances, the amendment changes principles and requirements for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements. The amendment is effective for the Companys fiscal quarter that begins on February 1, 2012. Early application is
prohibited. The adoption of this new guidance is not expected to have a material effect on the Companys Consolidated Financial Statements.
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In the normal course of business, our financial position is subject to different types of risk, including market risk. Market risk is the risk that we will incur losses due to adverse changes in equity and bond prices, interest rates, credit risk or currency exchange rates. Management is responsible for identifying, assessing and managing market and other risks.
In evaluating market risk, it is important to note that most of our revenue is based on the market value of assets under management. As noted in Risk Factors in Item 1A, declines of financial market values negatively impact our revenue and net income.
Our primary direct exposure to equity price risk arises from our investments in sponsored equity funds, our equity interest in affiliates, investments in equity securities held by sponsored funds we consolidate and investments in equity securities held in separately managed accounts seeded for new product development purposes. Equity price risk as it relates to these investments represents the potential future loss of value that would result from a decline in the fair values of the fund shares or underlying equity securities.
The following is a summary of the effect that a 10 percent increase or decrease in equity prices would have on our investments subject to equity price fluctuation at October 31, 2011:
(in thousands) | Carrying Value |
Carrying Value Assuming a 10% Increase |
Carrying Value Assuming a 10% Decrease |
|||||||||
Trading: |
||||||||||||
Equity securities | $ | 107,987 | $ | 118,786 | $ | 97,188 | ||||||
Available-for-sale securities: |
||||||||||||
Sponsored funds | 38,072 | 41,879 | 34,265 | |||||||||
Investment in affiliates | 46,900 | 51,590 | 42,210 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 192,959 | $ | 212,255 | $ | 173,663 |
Currently we have a corporate hedging program in place to hedge currency risk and market price exposures on certain investments in consolidated funds and separately managed accounts seeded for new product development purposes. As part of this program we enter into futures and forward contracts to hedge exposure to certain equity instruments held within the portfolios of these separately managed accounts and consolidated funds. The contracts negotiated are short term in nature. We do not enter into derivative instruments for speculative purposes.
At October 31, 2011, the Company had outstanding foreign currency forward contracts, stock index futures contracts and commodity futures contracts with aggregate notional values of approximately $7.8 million, $90.8 million and $23.4 million, respectively. The Company estimates that a 10 percent adverse change in market prices would result in a decrease of approximately $0.8 million, $9.1 million and $2.3 million, respectively, in the value of the open derivative contracts.
In addition to utilizing forwards and futures contracts, the Company has also entered into transactions in which securities not yet purchased have been sold. In its short sales, the Company has sold securities that have been borrowed from third-party brokers with the intention of buying back identical assets at a later date to return to the lender, thereby incurring a liability. As of October 31, 2011 the Company had $6.3 million included in other
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liabilities on its Consolidated Balance Sheet related to securities sold, not yet purchased. The Company estimates that a 10 percent adverse change in market prices would result in a decrease of approximately $0.6 million in the value of these securities.
Our primary direct exposure to interest rate risk arises from our investment in fixed and floating-rate income funds sponsored by us, debt securities held by sponsored funds we consolidate, debt securities held in separately managed accounts seeded for new product development purposes and corporate debt securities. We considered the negative effect on pre-tax interest income of a 50 basis point (0.50 percent) decline in interest rates as of October 31, 2011. A 50 basis point decline in interest rates is a hypothetical scenario used to demonstrate potential risk and does not represent managements view of future market changes. The following is a summary of the effect that a 50 basis point (0.50 percent) decline in interest rates would have on our pre-tax net income as of October 31, 2011:
(in thousands) | Carrying Value |
Pre-tax Interest Income Impact of a 50 Basis Point Decline in Interest Rates |
||||||
Trading: |
||||||||
Debt securities | $ | 85,222 | $ | 426 | ||||
Available-for-sale securities: |
||||||||
Sponsored funds | 1,095 | 5 | ||||||
Total | $ | 86,317 | $ | 431 |
From time to time, we seek to offset our exposure to changing interest rates associated with our debt financing. In October 2007, we issued $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.5 percent senior notes due 2017. In conjunction with the offering, we entered into an interest rate lock intended to hedge against adverse Treasury rate movements between the time at which the decision was made to issue the debt and the pricing of the securities. At the time the debt was issued, we terminated the lock and settled the transaction in cash. At termination, the lock was determined to be a fully effective cash flow hedge and the $4.5 million settlement cost was recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax. There can be no assurance that our hedge instruments will meet their overall objective of reducing our interest expense or that we will be successful in obtaining hedging contracts on any future debt offerings.
Our primary direct exposure to credit risk arises from our interests in the non-consolidated cash instrument CLO entities that are included in investments in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. As an investor in a non-consolidated CLO entity, we are entitled to only a residual interest in the non-consolidated CLO entity, making these investments highly sensitive to the default and recovery experiences of the underlying instruments held by the non-consolidated CLO entity. Our investments are subject to an impairment loss in the event that the cash flows generated by the collateral securities are not sufficient to allow equity holders to recover their investments. If there is deterioration in the credit quality of collateral and reference securities and a corresponding increase in defaults, non-consolidated CLO entity cash flows may be adversely impacted and we may be unable to recover our investment. Our total investment in interests in non-consolidated CLO entities was valued at $0.3 million as of October 31, 2011, which represents our total value at risk with respect to such entities as of October 31, 2011.
We operate primarily in the United States, and accordingly, most of our consolidated revenue and associated expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars. However, we do provide services and earn revenue outside of the United States and the portion of our revenue and expenses denominated in foreign currencies may be impacted
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by movements in currency exchange rates. Our exposure to currency movements will likely increase as our business outside of the United States grows. We do not enter into foreign currency transactions for speculative purposes.
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All schedules have been omitted because they are not required, are not applicable or the information is otherwise shown in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.
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Years Ended October 31, | ||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||
Revenues: |
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Investment advisory and administration fees | $ | 996,222 | $ | 867,683 | $ | 683,820 | ||||||
Distribution and underwriter fees | 102,979 | 103,995 | 85,234 | |||||||||
Service fees | 144,530 | 139,741 | 116,331 | |||||||||
Other revenue | 16,300 | 10,242 | 4,986 | |||||||||
Total revenues | 1,260,031 | 1,121,661 | 890,371 | |||||||||
Expenses: |
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Compensation of officers and employees | 369,927 |