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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
|
| | | |
ý | Quarterly Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
| For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019 |
¨ | Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
| For the transition period from to |
Commission File Number 0-24429
COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
|
| | |
Delaware | | 13-3728359 |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| |
Glenpointe Centre West 500 Frank W. Burr Blvd. Teaneck, New Jersey | | 07666 |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | | (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (201) 801-0233
N/A
(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year,
if Changed Since Last Report) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No: ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No: ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
|
| | | |
Large accelerated filer | ý | Accelerated filer | ¨ |
| | | |
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ | Smaller reporting company | ¨ |
| | | |
| | Emerging growth company | ¨ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
|
| | |
Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share | CTSH | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC |
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s class of common stock, as of April 26, 2019:
|
| | |
Class | | Number of Shares |
Class A Common Stock, par value $.01 per share | | 569,282,940 |
COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
|
| | |
| | Page |
PART I. | | |
| | |
Item 1. | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Item 2. | | |
| | |
Item 3. | | |
| | |
Item 4. | | |
| | |
PART II. | | |
| | |
Item 1. | | |
| | |
Item 1A. | | |
| | |
Item 2. | | |
| | |
Item 6. | | |
| |
| |
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
(Unaudited)
(in millions, except par values)
|
| | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2019 |
| December 31, 2018 |
Assets |
|
|
|
Current assets: |
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 950 |
|
| $ | 1,161 |
|
Short-term investments | 2,718 |
|
| 3,350 |
|
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances of $92 and $78, respectively | 3,377 |
|
| 3,257 |
|
Other current assets | 838 |
|
| 909 |
|
Total current assets | 7,883 |
|
| 8,677 |
|
Property and equipment, net | 1,314 |
|
| 1,394 |
|
Operating lease assets, net | 809 |
| | — |
|
Goodwill | 3,638 |
|
| 3,481 |
|
Intangible assets, net | 1,185 |
|
| 1,150 |
|
Deferred income tax assets, net | 464 |
|
| 442 |
|
Long-term investments | 79 |
|
| 80 |
|
Other noncurrent assets | 724 |
|
| 689 |
|
Total assets | $ | 16,096 |
|
| $ | 15,913 |
|
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |
|
|
|
Current liabilities: |
|
|
|
Accounts payable | $ | 262 |
|
| $ | 215 |
|
Deferred revenue | 340 |
|
| 286 |
|
Short-term debt | 19 |
|
| 9 |
|
Operating lease liabilities | 184 |
| | — |
|
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 1,915 |
|
| 2,267 |
|
Total current liabilities | 2,720 |
|
| 2,777 |
|
Deferred revenue, noncurrent | 64 |
|
| 62 |
|
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent | 651 |
| | — |
|
Deferred income tax liabilities, net | 177 |
|
| 183 |
|
Long-term debt | 727 |
|
| 736 |
|
Long-term income taxes payable | 471 |
|
| 478 |
|
Other noncurrent liabilities | 150 |
|
| 253 |
|
Total liabilities | 4,960 |
|
| 4,489 |
|
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 13) |
| |
|
Stockholders’ equity: | | | |
Preferred stock, $0.10 par value, 15.0 shares authorized, none issued | — |
| | — |
|
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000 shares authorized, 569 and 577 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively | 6 |
| | 6 |
|
Additional paid-in capital | 64 |
| | 47 |
|
Retained earnings | 11,140 |
| | 11,485 |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (74 | ) | | (114 | ) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 11,136 |
|
| 11,424 |
|
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 16,096 |
|
| $ | 15,913 |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2019 | | 2018 |
Revenues | $ | 4,110 |
|
| $ | 3,912 |
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization expense shown separately below) | 2,575 |
|
| 2,401 |
|
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 873 |
|
| 711 |
|
Depreciation and amortization expense | 123 |
|
| 107 |
|
Income from operations | 539 |
|
| 693 |
|
Other income (expense), net: |
|
|
|
Interest income | 48 |
|
| 41 |
|
Interest expense | (7 | ) |
| (6 | ) |
Foreign currency exchange gains (losses), net | 2 |
|
| (31 | ) |
Other, net | 1 |
|
| — |
|
Total other income (expense), net | 44 |
|
| 4 |
|
Income before provision for income taxes | 583 |
|
| 697 |
|
Provision for income taxes | (142 | ) |
| (177 | ) |
Net income | $ | 441 |
|
| $ | 520 |
|
Basic earnings per share | $ | 0.77 |
|
| $ | 0.89 |
|
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.77 |
|
| $ | 0.88 |
|
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - Basic | 573 |
|
| 587 |
|
Dilutive effect of shares issuable under stock-based compensation plans | 2 |
| | 2 |
|
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - Diluted | 575 |
|
| 589 |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
(in millions)
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2019 | | 2018 |
Net income | $ | 441 |
| | $ | 520 |
|
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | | | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (2 | ) | | 37 |
|
Change in unrealized gains and losses on cash flow hedges | 36 |
| | (36 | ) |
Change in unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities | 6 |
| | (7 | ) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 40 |
| | (6 | ) |
Comprehensive income | $ | 481 |
| | $ | 514 |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(in millions)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Class A Common Stock | | Additional Paid-in Capital | | Retained Earnings | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | Total |
| Shares | | Amount | |
Balance, December 31, 2018 | | 577 |
| | $ | 6 |
| | $ | 47 |
| | $ | 11,485 |
| | $ | (114 | ) | | $ | 11,424 |
|
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principle(1) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 2 |
| | — |
| | 2 |
|
Net income | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 441 |
| | — |
| | 441 |
|
Other comprehensive income (loss) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 40 |
| | 40 |
|
Common stock issued, stock-based compensation plans | | 2 |
| | — |
| | 50 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 50 |
|
Stock-based compensation expense | | — |
| | — |
| | 66 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 66 |
|
Repurchases of common stock | | (10 | ) | | — |
| | (99 | ) | | (672 | ) | | — |
| | (771 | ) |
Dividends declared, $0.20 per share | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (116 | ) | | — |
| | (116 | ) |
Balance, March 31, 2019 | | 569 |
| | $ | 6 |
| | $ | 64 |
| | $ | 11,140 |
| | $ | (74 | ) | | $ | 11,136 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Class A Common Stock | | Additional Paid-in Capital | | Retained Earnings | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | Total |
| Shares | | Amount | |
Balance, December 31, 2017 | | 588 |
| | $ | 6 |
| | $ | 49 |
| | $ | 10,544 |
| | $ | 70 |
| | $ | 10,669 |
|
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principle(2) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 122 |
| | (1 | ) | | 121 |
|
Net income | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 520 |
| | — |
| | 520 |
|
Other comprehensive income (loss) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (6 | ) | | (6 | ) |
Common stock issued, stock-based compensation plans | | 2 |
| | — |
| | 60 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 60 |
|
Stock-based compensation expense | | — |
| | — |
| | 59 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 59 |
|
Repurchases of common stock | | (4 | ) | | — |
| | (105 | ) | | (211 | ) | | — |
| | (316 | ) |
Dividends declared, $0.20 per share | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (119 | ) | | — |
| | (119 | ) |
Balance, March 31, 2018 | | 586 |
| | $ | 6 |
| | $ | 63 |
| | $ | 10,856 |
| | $ | 63 |
| | $ | 10,988 |
|
| |
(1) | Reflects the adoption of the Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 842 "Leases" (the "New Lease Standard") as described in Note 6. |
| |
(2) | Reflects the adoption of the ASC Topic 606 "Revenue from Contacts with Customers" (the "New Revenue Standard") as well as Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2018-02 "Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" ("ASU 2018-02") on January 1, 2018. Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(in millions)
|
| | | | | | | |
| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2019 | | 2018 |
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | |
Net income | $ | 441 |
| | $ | 520 |
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | 133 |
| | 117 |
|
Provision for doubtful accounts | 14 |
| | 2 |
|
Deferred income taxes | (42 | ) | | 2 |
|
Stock-based compensation expense | 66 |
| | 59 |
|
Other | (21 | ) | | 23 |
|
Changes in assets and liabilities: | | | |
Trade accounts receivable | (131 | ) | | (273 | ) |
Other current and noncurrent assets | 90 |
| | 247 |
|
Accounts payable | 49 |
| | 86 |
|
Deferred revenues, current and noncurrent | 56 |
| | (2 | ) |
Other current and noncurrent liabilities | (386 | ) | | (393 | ) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 269 |
| | 388 |
|
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | |
Purchases of property and equipment | (106 | ) | | (96 | ) |
Purchases of available-for-sale investment securities | (243 | ) | | (300 | ) |
Proceeds from maturity or sale of available-for-sale investment securities | 650 |
| | 193 |
|
Purchases of held-to-maturity investment securities | (94 | ) | | (222 | ) |
Proceeds from maturity of held-to-maturity investment securities | 348 |
| | 171 |
|
Purchases of other investments | (31 | ) | | (31 | ) |
Proceeds from maturity or sale of other investments | 29 |
| | 59 |
|
Payments for business combinations, net of cash acquired | (197 | ) | | (1 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 356 |
| | (227 | ) |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | |
Issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plans | 50 |
| | 60 |
|
Repurchases of common stock | (771 | ) | | (316 | ) |
Repayment of term loan borrowings and finance lease obligations | (2 | ) | | (39 | ) |
Net change in notes outstanding under the revolving credit facility | — |
| | (75 | ) |
Dividends paid | (116 | ) | | (118 | ) |
Net cash (used in) financing activities | (839 | ) | | (488 | ) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 3 |
| | 1 |
|
(Decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (211 | ) | | (326 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | 1,161 |
| | 1,925 |
|
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period (See Note 9) | $ | 950 |
| | $ | 1,599 |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
|
| | | | |
Note 1 — Interim Consolidated Financial Statements |
The terms “Cognizant,” “we,” “our,” “us” and “the Company” refer to Cognizant Technology Solutions Corporation and its subsidiaries unless the context indicates otherwise. We have prepared the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements included herein in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP"), and Regulation S-X under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, (as amended, the "Exchange Act"). The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements (and notes thereto) included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. In our opinion, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been included and all adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. Operating results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected to occur for the entire year.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
|
| | | |
Date Issued and Topic | Date Adopted and Method | Description | Impact |
February 2016
Leases
| January 1, 2019
Effective Date Method | The new standard replaces the existing guidance on leases and requires the lessee to recognize a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and a lease liability for all leases with lease terms equal to or greater than twelve months. For finance leases, the lessee recognizes interest expense and amortization of the ROU asset, and for operating leases, the lessee recognizes total lease expense on a straight-line basis. The standard offers several practical expedients for transition and certain expedients specific to lessees or lessors. The standard allows for two methods of adoption: retrospective to each prior reporting period presented with the cumulative effect of adoption recognized at the beginning of the earliest period presented or retrospective to the beginning of the period of adoption through a cumulative-effect adjustment (the "Effective Date Method"). | See Note 6 for the impact of adoption of this standard. |
March 2017
Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs | January 1, 2019
Modified Retrospective | This update shortens the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium to the earliest call date. The amendments do not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount. Upon adoption, entities are required to use a modified retrospective transition with the cumulative effect adjustment recognized to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption.
| The adoption of this update did not have an impact on our financial statements. |
August 2018
Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement ("CCA") that is a Service Contract | Early adoption on January 1, 2019
Prospective | This update aligns the accounting for costs incurred to implement a CCA that is a service arrangement with the guidance on capitalizing costs associated with developing or obtaining internal-use software. In addition, this update clarifies the financial statement presentation requirement for capitalized implementation costs and related amortization of such costs. | The adoption of this update did not have an impact on our financial statements. |
Disaggregation of Revenues
The table below presents disaggregated revenues from contracts with customers by customer location, service line and contract-type for each of our business segments. We believe this disaggregation best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenues and cash flows are affected by industry, market and other economic factors. Revenues are attributed to regions based upon customer location. Substantially all of the revenue in our North America region relates to operations in the United States.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 |
| |
| | Financial Services | | Healthcare | | Products and Resources | | Communications, Media and Technology | | Total |
| | (in millions) |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | |
Geography: | | | | | | | | | | |
North America | | $ | 1,018 |
| | $ | 1,042 |
| | $ | 641 |
| | $ | 422 |
| | $ | 3,123 |
|
United Kingdom | | 129 |
| | 25 |
| | 94 |
| | 81 |
| | 329 |
|
Rest of Europe | | 162 |
| | 82 |
| | 115 |
| | 46 |
| | 405 |
|
Europe - Total | | 291 |
| | 107 |
| | 209 |
| | 127 |
| | 734 |
|
Rest of World | | 127 |
| | 16 |
| | 64 |
| | 46 |
| | 253 |
|
Total | | $ | 1,436 |
| | $ | 1,165 |
| | $ | 914 |
| | $ | 595 |
| | $ | 4,110 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
Service line: | | | | | | | | | | |
Consulting and technology services | | $ | 913 |
| | $ | 638 |
| | $ | 552 |
| | $ | 306 |
| | $ | 2,409 |
|
Outsourcing services | | 523 |
| | 527 |
| | 362 |
| | 289 |
| | 1,701 |
|
Total | | $ | 1,436 |
| | $ | 1,165 |
| | $ | 914 |
| | $ | 595 |
| | $ | 4,110 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
Type of contract: | | | | | | | | | | |
Time and materials | | $ | 919 |
| | $ | 458 |
| | $ | 400 |
| | $ | 375 |
| | $ | 2,152 |
|
Fixed-price | | 464 |
| | 400 |
| | 414 |
| | 190 |
| | 1,468 |
|
Transaction or volume-based | | 53 |
| | 307 |
| | 100 |
| | 30 |
| | 490 |
|
Total | | $ | 1,436 |
| | $ | 1,165 |
| | $ | 914 |
| | $ | 595 |
| | $ | 4,110 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 |
| |
| | Financial Services | | Healthcare | | Products and Resources | | Communications, Media and Technology | | Total |
| | (in millions) |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | |
Geography: | | | | | | | | | | |
North America | | $ | 1,044 |
| | $ | 1,023 |
| | $ | 572 |
| | $ | 336 |
| | $ | 2,975 |
|
United Kingdom | | 116 |
| | 23 |
| | 87 |
| | 84 |
| | 310 |
|
Rest of Europe | | 162 |
| | 61 |
| | 109 |
| | 42 |
| | 374 |
|
Europe - Total | | 278 |
| | 84 |
| | 196 |
| | 126 |
| | 684 |
|
Rest of World | | 139 |
| | 14 |
| | 53 |
| | 47 |
| | 253 |
|
Total | | $ | 1,461 |
| | $ | 1,121 |
| | $ | 821 |
| | $ | 509 |
| | $ | 3,912 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
Service line: | | | | | | | | | | |
Consulting and technology services | | $ | 871 |
| | $ | 638 |
| | $ | 481 |
| | $ | 278 |
| | $ | 2,268 |
|
Outsourcing services | | 590 |
| | 483 |
| | 340 |
| | 231 |
| | 1,644 |
|
Total | | $ | 1,461 |
| | $ | 1,121 |
| | $ | 821 |
| | $ | 509 |
| | $ | 3,912 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
Type of contract: | | | | | | | | | | |
Time and materials | | $ | 935 |
| | $ | 448 |
| | $ | 369 |
| | $ | 306 |
| | $ | 2,058 |
|
Fixed-price | | 471 |
| | 511 |
| | 361 |
| | 179 |
| | 1,522 |
|
Transaction or volume-based | | 55 |
| | 162 |
| | 91 |
| | 24 |
| | 332 |
|
Total | | $ | 1,461 |
| | $ | 1,121 |
| | $ | 821 |
| | $ | 509 |
| | $ | 3,912 |
|
Costs to Fulfill
The following table presents information related to the capitalized costs to fulfill, such as set-up or transition activities, for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Costs to fulfill are recorded in "Other noncurrent assets" in our unaudited consolidated statements of financial position and the amortization expense of costs to fulfill is included in "Cost of revenues" in our unaudited consolidated statement of operations. Costs to obtain contracts were immaterial for the periods disclosed.
|
| | | | |
| | Costs to Fulfill |
| | (in millions) |
Balance - December 31, 2018 | | $ | 400 |
|
Amortization expense | | (20 | ) |
Costs capitalized | | 43 |
|
Balance - March 31, 2019 | | $ | 423 |
|
Contract Balances
A contract asset is a right to consideration that is conditional upon factors other than the passage of time. Contract assets are presented in "Other current assets" in our unaudited consolidated statements of financial position and primarily relate to unbilled amounts on fixed-price contracts utilizing the cost to cost method of revenue recognition. The table below shows significant movements in contract assets:
|
| | | | |
| | Contract Assets |
| | (in millions) |
Balance - December 31, 2018 | | $ | 305 |
|
Revenues recognized during the period but not billed | | 238 |
|
Amounts reclassified to accounts receivable | | (208 | ) |
Balance - March 31, 2019 | | $ | 335 |
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Our contract liabilities, or deferred revenue, consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenues recognized. We classify deferred revenue as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize the revenues. The table below shows significant movements in the deferred revenue balances (current and noncurrent) for the period disclosed:
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| | | | |
| | Deferred Revenue |
| | (in millions) |
Balance - December 31, 2018 | | $ | 348 |
|
Amounts billed but not recognized as revenues | | 205 |
|
Revenues recognized related to the opening balance of deferred revenue | | (149 | ) |
Balance - March 31, 2019 | | $ | 404 |
|
Revenues recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2019 for performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in previous periods were immaterial.
Remaining Performance Obligations
As of March 31, 2019, the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations, was $1,990 million of which approximately 70% is expected to be recognized as revenue within 2 years. Disclosure is not required for performance obligations that meet any of the following criteria:
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(1) | contracts with a duration of one year or less as determined under the New Revenue Standard, |
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(2) | contracts for which we recognize revenues based on the right to invoice for services performed, |
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(3) | variable consideration allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation or to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation in accordance with ASC 606-10-25-14(b), for which the criteria in ASC 606-10-32-40 have been met, or |
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(4) | variable consideration in the form of a sales-based or usage based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property. |
Many of our performance obligations meet one or more of these exemptions and therefore are not included in the remaining performance obligation amounts disclosed above.
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Note 3 — Business Combinations |
During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we completed two business combinations for total consideration of approximately $244 million, inclusive of contingent consideration. These acquisitions were Meritsoft, a financial software company based in Ireland, and Mustache, a U.S. based creative content agency specializing in creating original and branded content for digital, broadcast and social mediums.
These acquisitions were not material, either individually or in the aggregate, to our operations or cash flow. Accordingly, pro forma results have not been presented. These acquisitions were included in our unaudited consolidated financial statements as of the date on which the businesses were acquired. We have allocated the purchase price related to these transactions to tangible and intangible assets and liabilities, including non-deductible goodwill, based on their estimated fair values. We will finalize the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable within the measurement period, but in no event later than one year following the date of acquisition. The allocations of preliminary purchase price to the fair value of the aggregate assets acquired and liabilities assumed were as follows:
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| | | | | |
| Fair Value | | Weighted Average Useful Life |
| (in millions) | | |
Cash | $ | 14 |
| | |
Current assets | 8 |
| | |
Non-deductible goodwill (1) | 157 |
| | |
Customer relationship intangible assets | 50 |
| | 9.9 years |
Other intangible assets | 30 |
| | 6.9 years |
Current liabilities | (4 | ) | | |
Noncurrent liabilities | (11 | ) | | |
Purchase price | $ | 244 |
| | |
(1) The primary items that generated goodwill are the value of the acquired assembled workforces and synergies between the acquired companies and us, neither of which qualify as an amortizable intangible asset.
There were no business combinations during the three months ended March 31, 2018.
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Note 4 — Realignment Charges |
We incur realignment charges to accelerate our shift to digital services and solutions while improving the overall efficiency of our operations. As part of this realignment, we may incur charges that include employee separation costs, lease termination costs and charges related to the development of our realignment plans. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we incurred $2 million in costs associated with our CEO transition and the departure of our President ("Executive Transition Costs"). The total costs related to the realignment are reported in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in our unaudited consolidated statements of operations. The accrued realignment costs as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were immaterial.
Realignment charges were as follows:
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| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2019 | | 2018 |
| (in millions) |
Executive Transition Costs | $ | 2 |
| | $ | — |
|
Lease termination costs | — |
| | 1 |
|
Total realignment costs | $ | 2 |
| | $ | 1 |
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Our investments were as follows:
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| | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2019 | | December 31, 2018 |
| (in millions) |
Short-term investments: | | | |
Equity investment securities | $ | 25 |
| | $ | 25 |
|
Available-for-sale investment securities | 1,361 |
| | 1,760 |
|
Held-to-maturity investment securities | 826 |
| | 1,065 |
|
Time deposits (1) | 506 |
| | 500 |
|
Total short-term investments | $ | 2,718 |
| | $ | 3,350 |
|
|
| | | | | | | |
Long-term investments: | | | |
Equity and cost method investments | $ | 73 |
| | $ | 74 |
|
Held-to-maturity investment securities | 6 |
| | 6 |
|
Total long-term investments | $ | 79 |
| | $ | 80 |
|
| |
(1) | Includes $427 million and $423 million in restricted time deposits as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. See Note 9. |
Equity Investment Securities
Our equity investment securities consist of a U.S. dollar denominated investment in a fixed income mutual fund. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, realized and unrealized gains and losses were immaterial. The value of the fixed income mutual fund is based on the net asset value ("NAV") of the fund, with appropriate consideration of the liquidity and any restrictions on disposition of our investment in the fund.
Available-for-Sale Investment Securities
Our available-for-sale investment securities consist of U.S. dollar denominated investments primarily in U.S. Treasury notes, U.S. government agency debt securities, municipal debt securities, non-U.S. government debt securities, U.S. and international corporate bonds, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, debt securities issued by supranational institutions, and asset-backed securities, including securities backed by auto loans, credit card receivables, and other receivables. Our investment guidelines are to purchase securities which are investment grade at the time of acquisition. We monitor the credit ratings of the securities in our portfolio on an ongoing basis.
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value of available-for-sale investment securities at March 31, 2019 were as follows:
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Amortized Cost | | Unrealized Gains | | Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value |
| (in millions) |
U.S. Treasury and agency debt securities | $ | 576 |
| | $ | 1 |
| | $ | (4 | ) | | $ | 573 |
|
Corporate and other debt securities | 371 |
| | 1 |
| | (1 | ) | | 371 |
|
Certificates of deposit and commercial paper | 19 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 19 |
|
Asset-backed securities | 341 |
| | 1 |
| | (1 | ) | | 341 |
|
Municipal debt securities | 57 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 57 |
|
Total available-for-sale investment securities | $ | 1,364 |
| | $ | 3 |
| | $ | (6 | ) | | $ | 1,361 |
|
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value of available-for-sale investment securities at