RISK FACTORS
Your investment in the notes is subject to investment risks, many of which differ from those of a conventional debt security. Your decision to purchase the notes should be made only after carefully considering the risks, including those discussed below, together with the risk information contained in the prospectus supplement, the prospectus and the relevant term sheet, in light of your particular circumstances. The notes are not an appropriate investment for you if you are not knowledgeable about the material terms of the notes or investments in equity or equity-based securities in general.
General Risks Relating to the Notes
If the notes are not automatically called, your investment may result in a loss; there is no guaranteed return of principal. There is no fixed principal repayment amount on the notes at maturity. The return on the notes will be based on the performance of the Market Measure. If the notes are not called and the Ending Value is less than the Threshold Value, then you will receive a Redemption Amount at maturity that will be less than the principal amount of your notes. In this circumstance, you will lose some or a significant portion of your investment. If the Threshold Value is equal to 100% of the Starting Value, the Redemption Amount could be zero and you may lose all of your investment in the notes.
Your return on the notes may be less than the yield on a conventional fixed or floating rate debt security of comparable maturity. There will be no periodic interest payments on the notes as there would be on a conventional fixed-rate or floating-rate debt security having the same maturity. Any return that you receive on the notes may be less than the return you would earn if you purchased a conventional debt security with the same maturity date. As a result, your investment in the notes may not reflect the full opportunity cost to you when you consider factors, such as inflation, that affect the time value of money.
Your investment return will be limited to the applicable Call Premium and may be less than a comparable investment directly in the Market Measure. Your return on the notes will not exceed the applicable Call Premium, regardless of the extent of the increase in the value of the Market Measure. Furthermore, if the notes are called, you will not be able to participate in any subsequent increase in any Underlying Fund. In contrast, a direct investment in an Underlying Fund would allow you to receive the full benefit of any appreciation in the value of that Underlying Fund.
In addition, unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet or in this product supplement under “Description of the Notes—Anti-Dilution and Discontinuance Adjustments,” the Observation Levels and the Ending Value will not reflect the value of dividends paid, or distributions made, on any Underlying Fund, or any other rights associated with any Underlying Fund. Thus, any return on the notes will not reflect the return you would realize if you actually owned shares of any Underlying Fund.
Reinvestment Risk. Because the notes could be called as early as the first Observation Date, the term of the notes could be short. There is no guarantee that you would be able to reinvest the proceeds from an investment in the notes at a comparable return for a similar level of risk in the event the notes are called prior to maturity.
Payments on the notes are subject to the credit risk of Deutsche Bank AG, and actual or perceived changes in Deutsche Bank AG’s creditworthiness are expected to affect the value of the notes. The notes are senior unsecured obligations of Deutsche Bank AG and are not, either directly or indirectly, an obligation of any third party. Any payment to be made on the notes depends on the ability of Deutsche Bank AG to satisfy its obligations as they come due. An actual or anticipated downgrade in Deutsche Bank AG’s credit rating or increase
in the credit spreads charged by the market for taking Deutsche Bank AG’s credit risk will likely have an adverse effect on the value of the notes. As a result, the actual and perceived creditworthiness of Deutsche Bank AG will affect the value of the notes, and in the event Deutsche Bank AG were to default on its payment obligations or become subject to a Resolution Measure (as defined below), you might not receive any amount owed to you under the terms of the notes and you could lose your entire investment.
The notes may be written down, be converted or become subject to other resolution measures. You may lose some or all of your investment if any such measure becomes applicable to us. On May 15, 2014, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union published a directive for establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms (commonly referred to as the “Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive”). The Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive requires each member state of the European Union to adopt and publish by December 31, 2014 the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive. Germany has adopted the Recovery and Resolution Act (“SAG”), which went into effect on January 1, 2015. SAG may result in the notes being subject to the powers exercised by our competent resolution authority to impose a Resolution Measure on us, which may include: writing down, including to zero, any payment on the notes; converting the notes into ordinary shares or other instruments qualifying as core equity tier 1 capital; or applying any other resolution measure, including (but not limited to) transferring the notes to another entity, amending the terms and conditions of the notes or cancelling of the notes (each, a “Resolution Measure”). Imposition of a Resolution Measure would likely occur if we become, or are deemed by our competent supervisory authority to have become, “non-viable” (as defined under the then applicable law) and are unable to continue our regulated banking activities without a Resolution Measure becoming applicable to us. You may lose some or all of your investment in the notes if a Resolution Measure becomes applicable to us.
By acquiring the notes, you would have no claim or other right against us arising out of any Resolution Measure, and we would have no obligation to make payments under the notes following the imposition of a Resolution Measure. In particular, the imposition of any Resolution Measure will not constitute a default or an event of default under the notes, under the senior indenture or for the purpose of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the “Trust Indenture Act”). Furthermore, because the notes are subject to any Resolution Measure, secondary market trading in the notes may not follow the trading behavior associated with similar types of securities issued by other financial institutions which may be or have been subject to a Resolution Measure.
In addition, by your acquisition of the notes, you waive, to the fullest extent permitted by the Trust Indenture Act and applicable law, any and all claims against the trustee and the paying agent for, agree not to initiate a suit against the trustee and the paying agent in respect of, and agree that neither the trustee nor the paying agent will be liable for, any action that the trustee or the paying agent takes, or abstains from taking, in either case in accordance with the imposition of a Resolution Measure by our competent resolution authority with respect to the notes. Accordingly, you may have limited or circumscribed rights to challenge any decision of our competent resolution authority to impose any Resolution Measure.
Our initial estimated value of the notes will be determined based on an internal funding rate and our pricing models, which may not be comparable to the initial estimated values of similar notes of other financial institutions. The initial estimated value of the notes, which will be set forth in the applicable term sheet, is an estimate only, determined as of a particular point in time by reference to an internal funding rate and our pricing models. The internal funding rate is typically lower than the rate we would pay when we issue conventional debt securities of comparable maturity. As a result of this difference, the
initial estimated value of the notes would likely be lower if it were based on the rate we would pay when we issue conventional debt securities of comparable maturity. This difference in funding rate, as well as the underwriting discount and the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the notes (which includes an expected hedging related charge), reduces the economic terms of the notes to you.
Our internal pricing models consider relevant parameter inputs such as expected interest and dividend rates and mid-market levels of price and volatility of the assets underlying the notes or any futures, options or swaps related to such underlying assets. Our pricing models are proprietary and rely in part on certain forecasts about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. Because our pricing models may differ from other financial institutions’ valuation models, and because funding rates taken into account by other financial institutions (including those with similar creditworthiness) may vary materially from the internal funding rate used by us, our initial estimated value of the notes may not be comparable to the initial estimated values of similar notes of other financial institutions.
The public offering price you pay for the notes will exceed the initial estimated value. The difference is due to the inclusion in the public offering price of the underwriting discount and the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the notes (which includes an expected hedging related charge). These factors are expected to reduce the price at which you may be able to sell the notes in any secondary market and, together with various credit, market and economic factors over the term of the notes, including changes in the value of the Market Measure, will affect the value of the notes in complex and unpredictable ways.
The initial estimated value of the notes on the pricing date does not represent the price at which we, MLPF&S, or any of our respective affiliates would be willing to purchase your notes in the secondary market at any time. Assuming no changes in market conditions or our creditworthiness and other relevant factors, the price, if any, at which we, MLPF&S, or any of our respective affiliates would be willing to purchase the notes from you in secondary market transactions, if at all, would generally be lower than both the public offering price and the initial estimated value of the notes on the pricing date. MLPF&S has advised us that any repurchases by them or their affiliates are expected to be made at prices determined by reference to their pricing models and at their discretion. These prices will reflect MLPF&S’s trading commissions and mark-ups and may differ materially from the initial estimated value of the notes determined by reference to our internal funding rate and pricing models.
We cannot assure you that there will be a trading market for your notes. If a secondary market exists, we cannot predict how the notes will trade, or whether that market will be liquid or illiquid. The development of a trading market for the notes will depend on various factors, including our financial performance and changes in the value of the Market Measure. The number of potential buyers of your notes in any secondary market may be limited. There is no assurance that any party will be willing to purchase your notes at any price in any secondary market.
We anticipate that one or more of the agents will act as a market-maker for the notes that it offers, but none of them is required to do so and may cease to do so at any time. Any price at which an agent may bid for, offer, purchase, or sell any of the notes may be higher or lower than the applicable public offering price, and that price may differ from the values determined by pricing models that it may use, whether as a result of dealer discounts, mark-ups, or other transaction costs. These bids, offers, or transactions may affect the prices, if any, at which those notes might otherwise trade in the market. In addition, if at any time any agent were to cease acting as a market-maker for any issue of the notes, it is likely that
there would be significantly less liquidity in that secondary market. In such a case, the price at which those notes could be sold likely would be lower than if an active market existed.
Unless otherwise stated in the term sheet, we will not list the notes on any securities exchange. Even if an application were made to list your notes, we cannot assure you that the application will be approved or that your notes will be listed and, if listed, that they will remain listed for their entire term. The listing of the notes on any securities exchange will not necessarily ensure that a trading market will develop, and if a trading market does develop, that there will be liquidity in the trading market.
The amount you receive at maturity as well as the determination of whether the notes are automatically called will not reflect changes in the value of the Market Measure other than on the applicable Observation Date. Changes in the value of the Market Measure during the term of the notes other than on the applicable Observation Date will not be used to determine whether the notes will be automatically called or reflected in the calculation of the Redemption Amount. To make that determination or calculation, the calculation agent will refer only to the value of the Market Measure on the applicable Observation Date. No other values of the Market Measure will be taken into account. As a result, even if the value of the Market Measure has increased at certain times during the term of the notes, your notes will not be called if the Observation Level on each Observation Date is less than the Call Level, and you will receive a Redemption Amount that is less than the principal amount if the Ending Value is less than the Threshold Value.
If your notes are linked to a Basket, changes in the prices of one or more of the Basket Components may be offset by changes in the prices of one or more of the other Basket Components. The Market Measure of your notes may be a Basket. In such a case, changes in the prices of one or more of the Basket Components may not correlate with changes in the prices of one or more of the other Basket Components. The prices of one or more Basket Components may increase, while the prices of one or more of the other Basket Components may decrease or not increase as much. Therefore, in calculating the value of the Market Measure at any time, increases in the price of one Basket Component may be moderated or wholly offset by decreases or lesser increases in the prices of one or more of the other Basket Components. If the weightings of the applicable Basket Components are not equal, adverse changes in the prices of the Basket Components which are more heavily weighted could have a greater impact upon your notes.
Exchange rate movements may impact the value of the notes. If the stocks, commodities, futures contracts on commodities or other assets (any such assets, “underlying assets”) included in an Underlying Fund are traded in a currency other than U.S. dollars and, for purposes of the applicable Underlying Fund, are converted into U.S. dollars, then the applicable Observation Level may depend in part on the relevant exchange rates. If the value of the U.S. dollar strengthens against the currencies of that Underlying Fund, the applicable Observation Level may be adversely affected. In that case, the Observation Level may not be greater than or equal to the Call Level on any Observation Date or the Threshold Value on the final Observation Date. Therefore, your notes may not be called and the Redemption Amount may be less than the principal amount.
Exchange rate movements may be particularly impacted by existing and expected rates of inflation and interest rate levels; political, civil, or military unrest; the balance of payments between countries; and the extent of governmental surpluses or deficits in the countries relevant to the applicable Underlying Fund and the United States. All of these factors are in turn sensitive to the monetary, fiscal, and trade policies pursued by the governments of those countries and the United States and other countries important to international trade and finance.
If you attempt to sell the notes prior to maturity, their market value, if any, will be affected by various factors that interrelate in complex ways, and their market value may be less than the principal amount. The limited protection against the risk of losses provided by the Threshold Value, if any, will only apply if you hold the notes to maturity. You have no right to have your notes redeemed at your option prior to maturity. If you wish to liquidate your investment in the notes prior to maturity, your only option would be to sell them. At that time, there may be an illiquid market for your notes or no market at all. Even if you were able to sell your notes, there are many factors outside of our control that may affect their market value, some of which, but not all, are stated below. The impact of any one factor may be offset or magnified by the effect of another factor. The following paragraphs describe a specific factor’s expected impact on the market value of the notes, assuming all other conditions remain constant.
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Value of the Market Measure. We anticipate that the market value of the notes prior to maturity generally will depend to a significant extent on the value of the Market Measure. In general, it is expected that the market value of the notes will decrease as the value of the Market Measure decreases, and increase as the value of the Market Measure increases. However, as the value of the Market Measure increases or decreases, the market value of the notes is not expected to increase or decrease at the same rate. If you sell your notes when the value of the Market Measure is less than, or not sufficiently above, the applicable Starting Value or Call Level, then you may receive less than the principal amount of your notes.
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In addition, because the return on the notes will not exceed the applicable Call Premium, we do not expect that the notes will trade in any secondary market prior to any Observation Date at a price that is greater than the applicable Call Amount.
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Volatility of the Market Measure. Volatility is the term used to describe the size and frequency of market fluctuations. Increases or decreases in the volatility of the Market Measure may have an adverse impact on the market value of the notes. Even if the value of the Market Measure increases after the applicable pricing date, if you are able to sell your notes before their maturity date, you may receive substantially less than the amount that would be payable upon an automatic call or at maturity based on that value because of the anticipation that the value of the Market Measure will continue to fluctuate until the notes are automatically called or the final Observation Date.
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Economic and Other Conditions Generally. The general economic conditions of the capital markets in the United States, as well as geopolitical conditions and other financial, political, regulatory, and judicial events and related uncertainties that affect stock markets generally, may affect the value of the Market Measure and the market value of the notes. If the Market Measure includes one or more Underlying Funds that hold stocks, commodities, futures contracts on commodities or other assets traded in one or more non-U.S. markets (any such assets, “non-U.S. underlying assets”), the value of your notes may also be affected by similar events in the markets of the relevant foreign countries.
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Interest Rates. We expect that changes in interest rates will affect the market value of the notes. In general, if U.S. interest rates increase, we expect that the market value of the notes will decrease, and conversely, if U.S. interest rates decrease, we expect that the market value of the notes will increase. In general, we expect that the longer the amount of time that remains until maturity, the more significant the impact of these changes will be on the value of the notes. The level of interest rates also may affect the U.S. economy and any applicable market outside of the U.S., and, in turn, the value of the Market Measure, and, thus, the market value of the notes may be adversely affected. In the case
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of any Market Measure that includes any non-U.S. underlying assets, the level of interest rates in the relevant foreign countries may also affect their economies and, in turn, the value of the non-U.S. underlying assets, and, thus, the market value of the notes may be adversely affected.
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Dividend Yields. In general, if the cumulative dividend yields on securities held by one or more Underlying Funds included in the Market Measure increase, we anticipate that the market value of the notes will decrease; conversely, if those dividend yields decrease, we anticipate that the market value of your notes will increase.
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Exchange Rate Movements and Volatility. If the Market Measure of your notes includes any non-U.S. underlying assets, changes in, and the volatility of, the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the relevant non-U.S. currency or currencies could have a negative impact on the value of your notes, and each Observation Level may depend in part on the relevant exchange rates. In addition, the correlation between the relevant exchange rate and any applicable non-U.S. underlying asset reflects the extent to which a percentage change in that exchange rate corresponds to a percentage change in the applicable non-U.S. underlying assets, and changes in these correlations may have a negative impact on the value of your notes.
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Our Financial Condition and Creditworthiness. Our actual or perceived creditworthiness, including any actual or anticipated downgrades in our credit ratings and any increases in our credit spreads, may adversely affect the market value of the notes. In general, we expect the longer the amount of time that remains until maturity, the more significant the impact will be on the value of the notes. However, an improvement in our creditworthiness will not necessarily increase the market value of the notes.
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Time to Maturity or Next Observation Date. There may be a disparity between the market value of the notes prior to maturity or prior to an Observation Date (except the final Observation Date), as applicable, and their value at maturity or as of the next Observation Date. This disparity is often called a time “value,” “premium,” or “discount,” and reflects expectations concerning the value of the Market Measure during the term of the notes. To the extent that the market expects the notes to be called on an Observation Date, as the time to that Observation Date decreases, the disparity may decrease, such that the market value of the notes will approach the expected Call Amount to be paid on the applicable Call Settlement Date. If the market does not expect the notes to be called, as the time to the final Observation Date decreases, the market value of the notes will approach the expected Redemption Amount to be paid at maturity.
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Trading and hedging activities by us, the agents, and our respective affiliates may affect your return on the notes and their market value. We, the agents, and our respective affiliates may buy or sell shares of any Underlying Fund or any of its underlying assets, or futures, options contracts or exchange-traded instruments on any Underlying Fund or any of its underlying assets, or other listed or over-the counter derivative instruments whose value is derived from any Underlying Fund or any of its underlying assets. We, the agents, or our respective affiliates may execute such purchases or sales for our own or their own accounts, for business reasons, or in connection with hedging our obligations under the notes. These transactions could affect the value of any Underlying Fund and, in turn, the value of a Market Measure in a manner that could be adverse to your investment in the notes. On or before the applicable pricing date, any purchases or sales by us (including those for the purpose of hedging some or all of our anticipated exposure in connection with the notes), the agents, and our respective affiliates, or others on our or their behalf may increase the value of an Underlying Fund or its underlying assets. Consequently, the values of the Market Measure or
its underlying assets may decrease subsequent to the pricing date of an issue of the notes, adversely affecting the market value of the notes.
We, the agents, or one or more of our respective affiliates expect to also engage in hedging activities that could increase the value of the Market Measure on the applicable pricing date (including the Starting Value), and therefore effectively establish a higher level that the Market Measure must achieve for you to obtain a positive return on your investment or avoid a loss of some or a significant portion of your initial investment at maturity. In addition, these activities, including the unwinding of the hedge near or on an Observation Date, may decrease the market value of your notes prior to maturity, including on that Observation Date, and may affect whether the notes will be called on that Observation Date or may adversely affect the Redemption Amount. We, the agents, or one or more of our respective affiliates may purchase or otherwise acquire a long or short position in the notes, and may hold or resell the notes and may pursue a dynamic hedging strategy which may involve taking long or short positions in one or more Underlying Funds, the underlying assets of an Underlying Fund or instruments whose value is derived from an Underlying Fund or its underlying assets. For example, the agents may enter into these transactions in connection with any market making activities in which they engage. We cannot assure you that these activities will not adversely affect the value of the Market Measure, the market value of your notes prior to maturity, whether the notes will be called, or the Redemption Amount.
Our trading, hedging and other business activities, and those of the agents or one or more of our respective affiliates, may create conflicts of interest with you. We, the agents, or one or more of our respective affiliates may engage in trading activities related to an Underlying Fund or its underlying assets that are not for your account or on your behalf. We, the agents, or one or more of our respective affiliates also may issue or underwrite other financial instruments with returns based upon one or more Underlying Funds or its underlying assets. The foregoing activities may reflect trading strategies that differ from, or are in direct opposition to, investors’ trading and investment strategies related to the notes. In addition, in the ordinary course of their business activities, the agents and their affiliates may hold and trade our or our affiliates’ debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers. Certain of the agents or their affiliates may also have a lending relationship with us. In order to hedge such exposure, the agents may enter into transactions such as the purchase of credit default swaps or the creation of short positions in our or our affiliates’ securities, including potentially the notes. Any such short positions could adversely affect future trading prices of the notes. These trading and other business activities may present a conflict of interest between your interest in the notes and the interests we, the agents and our respective affiliates may have in our proprietary accounts, in facilitating transactions, including block trades, for our or their other customers, and in accounts under our or their management. These trading and other business activities, if they influence the value of the Market Measure or secondary trading in your notes, could be adverse to your interests as a beneficial owner of the notes.
We, the agents, and our respective affiliates expect to enter into arrangements or adjust or close out existing transactions to hedge our obligations under the notes. We, the agents, or our respective affiliates also may enter into hedging transactions relating to other notes or instruments that we or they issue, some of which may have returns calculated in a manner related to that of a particular issue of the notes. We may enter into such hedging arrangements with one or more of our subsidiaries or affiliates, or with one or more of the agents or their affiliates. Such a party may enter into additional hedging transactions with other parties relating to the notes and the applicable Market Measure. This hedging activity is expected to result in a profit to those engaging in the hedging activity, which could be more or less than initially expected, or the hedging activity could also result in a loss. We, the agents,
and our respective affiliates will price these hedging transactions with the intent to realize a profit, regardless of whether the value of the notes increases or decreases. Any profit in connection with such hedging activities will be in addition to any other compensation that we, the agents, and our respective affiliates receive for the sale of the notes, which creates an additional incentive to sell the notes to you.
There may be potential conflicts of interest involving the calculation agent. We have the right to appoint and remove the calculation agent. We or one of our affiliates may be the calculation agent or act as joint calculation agent for the notes and, as such, will determine the Starting Value, the Call Level, the Threshold Value, the Observation Level on each Observation Date, the Ending Value, the Price Multiplier(s), the Closing Market Price(s), whether the notes will be called, and the Redemption Amount. Under some circumstances, these duties could result in a conflict of interest between our status as issuer of the notes and our responsibilities as calculation agent. These conflicts could occur, for instance, in connection with the calculation agent’s determination as to whether a Market Disruption Event has occurred, or in connection with judgments that the calculation agent would be required to make if certain events occur with respect to an Underlying Fund. See the sections entitled “Description of the Notes—Market Disruption Events” and “—Anti-Dilution and Discontinuance Adjustments.” The calculation agent will be required to carry out its duties in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner. However, because we may serve as the calculation agent, potential conflicts of interest could arise.
In addition, we may appoint MLPF&S or one of its affiliates to act as the calculation agent or as joint calculation agent for the notes. As the calculation agent or joint calculation agent, MLPF&S or one of its affiliates will have discretion in making various determinations that affect your notes. The exercise of this discretion by the calculation agent could adversely affect the value of your notes and may present the calculation agent with a conflict of interest of the kind described under “—Trading and hedging activities by us, the agents, and our respective affiliates may affect your return on the notes and their market value” and “—Our trading, hedging and other business activities, and those of the agents or one or more of our respective affiliates, may create conflicts of interest with you” above.
The U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes are uncertain, and may be adverse to a holder of the notes. As of the date of this product supplement, there is no direct legal authority regarding the proper U.S. federal income tax treatment of the notes, and we do not plan to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”). Consequently, significant aspects of the tax treatment of the notes are uncertain, and the IRS or a court might not agree with the treatment of the notes as prepaid financial contracts that are not debt, as described in the section of this product supplement entitled “U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences.” If the IRS were successful in asserting an alternative treatment, the tax consequences of your ownership and disposition of the notes could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, in 2007 the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on various issues regarding the U.S. federal income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts” and similar instruments. Any Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment in the notes, possibly with retroactive effect. You should review the discussion under “U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” and consult your tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal tax consequences of an investment in the notes, as well as tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.
Risks Relating to an Underlying Fund
You must rely on your own evaluation of the merits of an investment linked to the applicable Underlying Fund(s). In the ordinary course of business, we, the agents, and/or our respective affiliates may have expressed views on expected movements in an Underlying Fund, any of its underlying assets, or the index tracked by an Underlying Fund (the “Underlying Index”), and may do so in the future. These views or reports may be communicated to our clients and clients of these entities. However, these views are subject to change from time to time. Moreover, other professionals who deal in markets relating to an Underlying Fund may at any time have significantly different views from our views and the views of these entities. For these reasons, you are encouraged to derive information concerning an Underlying Fund from multiple sources, and you should not rely on our views or the views expressed by these entities.
The respective sponsor, publisher, or investment adviser of an Underlying Fund or an Underlying Index (each, a “Market Measure Publisher”) may adjust the Underlying Fund or the Underlying Index in a way that affects its value, and they have no obligation to consider your interests. A Market Measure Publisher can change the investment policies of the applicable Underlying Fund or the policies concerning the calculation of the applicable Underlying Fund’s net asset value, or add, delete, or substitute the underlying assets held by the Underlying Fund or the components included in an Underlying Index, as the case may be, or make other methodological changes that could change the value of that Underlying Fund or Underlying Index. Additionally, a Market Measure Publisher may alter, discontinue, or suspend calculation or dissemination of the price of its Underlying Fund, the net asset value of its Underlying Fund, or the level of its Underlying Index, as the case may be. Any of these actions could adversely affect the value of your notes. This could also result in the early redemption of your notes. See “Description of the Notes—Anti-Dilution and Discontinuance Adjustments—Discontinuance of or Material Change to an Underlying Fund.” The Market Measure Publishers will have no obligation to consider your interests in calculating or revising any Underlying Fund or Underlying Index.
There are liquidity and management risks associated with an Underlying Fund. Although shares of an Underlying Fund will be listed for trading on a securities exchange and a number of similar products have been traded on various exchanges for varying periods of time, there is no assurance that an active trading market will continue for the shares of any Underlying Fund or that there will be liquidity in the trading market.
An Underlying Fund is subject to management risk, which is the risk that the investment adviser’s investment strategy, the implementation of which is subject to a number of constraints, may not produce the intended results.
The performance of an Underlying Fund and the performance of its Underlying Index may vary. If an exchange traded fund is designed to track the performance of an Underlying Index, the performance of the Underlying Fund and that of its Underlying Index generally will vary due to, for example, transaction costs, management fees, certain corporate actions, and timing variances. Moreover, it is also possible that the performance of an Underlying Fund may not fully replicate or may, in certain circumstances, diverge significantly from the performance of its Underlying Index. This could be due to, for example, the Underlying Fund not holding all or substantially all of the underlying assets included in the Underlying Index and/or holding assets that are not included in the Underlying Index, the temporary unavailability of certain securities in the secondary market, the performance of any derivative instruments held by the Underlying Fund, differences in trading hours between the Underlying Fund (or the underlying assets held by the Underlying Fund) and the Underlying Index, or due
to other circumstances. This variation in performance is called the “tracking error,” and, at times, the tracking error may be significant.
In addition, because the shares of an Underlying Fund are traded on a securities exchange and are subject to market supply and investor demand, the market price of one share of the Underlying Fund may differ from its net asset value per share; shares of the Underlying Fund may trade at, above, or below its net asset value per share.
For the foregoing reasons, the performance of an Underlying Fund may not match the performance of its Underlying Index over the same period. Because of this variance, the return on the notes to the extent dependent on the performance of the Underlying Fund may not be the same as an investment directly in the underlying assets included in the Underlying Index or the same as a debt security with a return linked to the performance of the Underlying Index.
Risks associated with the applicable Underlying Index, or underlying assets of an Underlying Fund, will affect the price of that Underlying Fund and hence, the value of the notes. Exchange traded funds are funds which may hold a variety of underlying assets, and which performance may be designed to track the performance of an Underlying Index. While the notes are linked to an Underlying Fund and not to its underlying assets or Underlying Index, risks associated with its underlying assets or Underlying Index will affect the share price of that Underlying Fund and hence the value of the notes. Some of the risks that relate to an Underlying Index include those discussed below in this product supplement in relation to equity based- and commodity-based Underlying Funds, which you should review before investing in the notes.
You will have no rights as a security holder, you will have no rights to receive any shares of any Underlying Fund or any underlying assets held by any Underlying Fund, and you will not be entitled to dividends or other distributions by any Underlying Fund. The notes are our debt securities. They are not equity instruments, shares of stock, or securities of any other issuer. Investing in the notes will not make you a holder of shares of any Underlying Fund or any of its underlying assets. You will not have any voting rights, any rights to receive dividends or other distributions, any rights against the investment advisor or manager of any Underlying Fund, or any other rights with respect to any Underlying Fund or those underlying assets. As a result, the return on your notes may not reflect the return you would realize if you actually owned shares of the Underlying Fund or its underlying assets and received the dividends paid or other distributions made in connection with them. Your notes will be paid in cash and you have no right to receive delivery of shares of any Underlying Fund or any of its underlying assets.
If an Underlying Fund holds underlying assets traded on foreign exchanges, time zone differences may create discrepancies between the values of those underlying assets and the value of the notes. As a result of the time zone difference, if applicable, between the cities where the underlying assets held by an Underlying Fund trade and the cities in which shares of that Underlying Fund are traded, there may be discrepancies between the values of the relevant underlying assets and the trading prices of that Underlying Fund. In addition, there may be periods when the foreign exchange markets are closed for trading (for example during holidays in a country other than the United States) that may result in the values of the relevant non-U.S. underlying assets remaining unchanged for multiple trading days in the locations where the notes (or any related Underlying Fund) trade. Conversely, there may be periods in which the foreign exchange markets are open, but the securities markets in which the notes (or any related Underlying Fund) trade are closed.
The payment on the notes will not be adjusted for all events that could affect an Underlying Fund. The Price Multiplier(s), the Observation Levels, the Ending Value, the Redemption Amount, and other terms of the notes may be adjusted for the specified events affecting any Underlying Fund, as described in the section entitled “Description of the Notes—Anti-Dilution and Discontinuance Adjustments.” However, these adjustments do not cover all events that could affect the market price of an Underlying Fund. The occurrence of any event that does not require the calculation agent to adjust the applicable Price Multiplier or the amount paid to you at maturity or upon a call may adversely affect the Closing Market Price of any Underlying Fund, the Observation Levels, the Ending Value, whether the notes will be called, and the Redemption Amount, and, as a result, the market value of the notes.
Risks Relating to Equity-Based Underlying Funds
If an Underlying Fund holds equity securities traded on foreign exchanges, your return may be affected by factors affecting international securities markets. The value of securities traded outside of the U.S. may be adversely affected by a variety of factors relating to the relevant securities markets. Factors which could affect those markets, and therefore the return on your notes, include:
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Market Volatility. The relevant foreign securities markets may be more volatile than U.S. or other securities markets and may be affected by market developments in different ways than U.S. or other securities markets.
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Political, Economic, and Other Factors. The prices and performance of securities of companies in foreign countries may be affected by political, economic, financial, and social factors in those regions. Direct or indirect government intervention to stabilize a particular securities market and cross-shareholdings in companies in the relevant foreign markets may affect prices and the volume of trading in those markets. In addition, recent or future changes in government, economic, and fiscal policies in the relevant jurisdictions, the possible imposition of, or changes in, currency exchange laws, or other laws or restrictions, and possible fluctuations in the rate of exchange between currencies, are factors that could negatively affect the relevant securities markets. The relevant foreign economies may differ from the U.S. economy in economic factors such as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resources, and self-sufficiency.
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In particular, many emerging nations are undergoing rapid change, involving the restructuring of economic, political, financial and legal systems. Regulatory and tax environments may be subject to change without review or appeal, and many emerging markets suffer from underdevelopment of capital markets and tax systems. In addition, in some of these nations, issuers of the relevant securities face the threat of expropriation of their assets, and/or nationalization of their businesses. The economic and financial data about some of these countries may be unreliable.
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Publicly Available Information. There is generally less publicly available information about foreign companies than about U.S. companies that are subject to the reporting requirements of the SEC. In addition, accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards and requirements in foreign countries differ from those applicable to U.S. reporting companies.
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Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet, we and the agents do not control any Underlying Fund or any company whose securities are held by an Underlying Fund and have not verified any disclosure made by any Market Measure Publisher or any other company. We, the agents, and/or our respective affiliates currently, or in the future,
may engage in business with the Market Measure Publishers and companies whose securities are held by an Underlying Fund, and we, the agents, and/or our respective affiliates may from time to time own securities of those companies. However, none of us, the agents, or any of our respective affiliates has the ability to control the actions of any Market Measure Publisher or any of those companies or has undertaken any independent review of, or made any due diligence inquiry with respect to, any Market Measure Publisher or any of those companies, unless (and only to the extent that) the securities of us, the agents, and/or our respective affiliates are held by an Underlying Fund. You should make your own investigation into each Underlying Fund.
Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet, none of the money you pay us, the agents and/or our respective affiliates will go to any company whose underlying assets are included in the Market Measure. In addition, none of the Market Measure Publishers, their affiliates, or any companies included in the Market Measure will be involved in any offering of the notes or will have any obligation of any sort with respect to the notes. As a result, none of those companies will have any obligation to take your interests as holders of the notes into consideration for any reason, including taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of the underlying assets represented by the Market Measure or the value of the notes.
Our business activities and those of the agents relating to any companies whose securities are held by an Underlying Fund or the notes may create conflicts of interest with you. We, the agents, and/or our respective affiliates, at the time of any offering of the notes or in the future, may engage in business with any companies whose securities are held by an Underlying Fund, including making loans to, equity investments in, or providing investment banking, asset management, or other services to those companies, their affiliates, and their competitors.
In connection with these activities, any of these entities may receive information about those companies that we will not divulge to you or other third parties. We, the agents, and/or our respective affiliates have published, and in the future may publish, research reports on one or more of these companies. The agents may also publish research reports relating to our or our affiliates’ securities, including the notes. This research is modified from time to time without notice and may express opinions or provide recommendations that are inconsistent with purchasing or holding your notes. Any of these activities may affect the value of the Market Measure and, consequently, the market value of your notes. None of us, the agents, or any of our respective affiliates makes any representation to any purchasers of the notes regarding any matters whatsoever relating to any companies whose securities are held by an Underlying Fund. Any prospective purchaser of the notes should undertake an independent investigation of those companies to a level that, in its judgment, is appropriate to make an informed decision regarding an investment in the notes. The selection of an Underlying Fund does not reflect any investment recommendations from us, the agents, or our respective affiliates.
No Market Measure Publisher will have any obligations relating to the notes. No Market Measure Publisher will have any financial or legal obligation with respect to the notes or the amounts to be paid to you, including any obligation to take our needs or the needs of noteholders into consideration for any reason, including taking any actions that might affect the value of any Underlying Fund or the value of the notes. No Market Measure Publisher will receive any of the proceeds from any offering of the notes, and no Market Measure Publisher will be responsible for, or participate in, the offering of the notes. No Market Measure Publisher will be responsible for, or participate in, the determination or calculation of the amount receivable by holders of the notes.
Neither we nor any agent has made any independent investigation as to the completeness or accuracy of publicly available information regarding any Underlying Fund or as to the future performance of any Underlying Fund. Any prospective purchaser of the notes should undertake such independent investigation of any Underlying Fund as in its judgment is appropriate to make an informed decision with respect to an investment in the notes.
Risks Relating to Commodity-Based Underlying Funds
The prices of commodities held by an Underlying Fund may change unpredictably, affecting the value of your notes in unforeseeable ways. Trading in commodities and futures contracts is speculative and can be extremely volatile. Their market prices may fluctuate rapidly based on numerous factors, including: changes in supply and demand relationships; weather; trends in agriculture; trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs; domestic and foreign political and economic events and policies; disease, pestilence and technological developments; changes in interest rates, whether through governmental action or market movements; currency exchange rates; volatility from speculative activities; the development, availability and/or decrease in price of substitutes; monetary and other governmental policies, action and inaction; macroeconomic or geopolitical and military events, including political instability in some oil-producing countries or other countries in which the production of particular commodities may be concentrated; and natural or nuclear disasters. These factors may affect the value of an Underlying Fund in varying ways, and different factors may cause the levels and volatilities of commodity prices to move in inconsistent directions at inconsistent rates. Additionally, certain Underlying Funds may be concentrated in only a few, or even a single industry (e.g., energy). These Underlying Funds are likely to be more volatile than those that hold a broad base of commodities.
If the liquidity of the components of any Underlying Fund is limited, the notes would likely be impaired. Commodities and derivatives contracts on commodities may be difficult to buy or sell, particularly during adverse market conditions. Reduced liquidity on the Observation Dates would likely have an adverse effect on the value of any such Underlying Fund and, therefore, on the return, if any, on your notes. Limited liquidity relating to the components of an Underlying Fund may also result in the Market Measure Publisher being unable to determine the value of its Underlying Fund using its normal means. The resulting discretion by the Market Measure Publisher of an Underlying Fund in determining the value could adversely affect the value of the notes.
Suspension or disruptions of market trading in the applicable commodities and related futures contracts may adversely affect the value of your notes. The commodity markets are subject to disruptions due to various factors, including the lack of liquidity in the markets, the participation of speculators, and government regulation and intervention. In addition, U.S. futures exchanges and some foreign exchanges have regulations that limit the amount of fluctuation in futures contract prices that may occur during a single business day. These limits are generally referred to as “daily price fluctuation limits,” and the maximum or minimum price of a contract on any given day as a result of these limits is referred to as a “limit price.” Once the limit price has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made at a different price. Limit prices have the effect of precluding trading in a particular contract or forcing the liquidation of contracts at disadvantageous times or prices. Any such disruption, or any other force majeure (such as an act of God, fire, flood, severe weather conditions, act of governmental authority, labor difficulty, etc.) could have an adverse effect on the value of or trading in shares of an Underlying Fund and therefore, the value of the notes.
Legal and regulatory changes could adversely affect the return on and value of your notes. The value of the commodities held by an Underlying Fund could be adversely affected by new laws or regulations or by the reinterpretation of existing laws or regulations
(including, without limitation, those related to taxes and duties on commodities and futures contracts) by one or more governments, courts, or other official bodies.
In the U.S., the regulation of commodity transactions is subject to ongoing modification by governmental and judicial action. For example, the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) has interpreted the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank”), which was enacted in July 2010, to require the CFTC to impose limits on the size of positions that can be held by market participants in futures contracts and OTC derivatives on certain physical commodities. The CFTC’s rules providing for such position limits have been, and may in the future be, subject to litigation challenging their validity, the potential final outcome of which cannot be known at this time. While the ultimate scope and effect of any final and implemented position limit rules are not yet known, these limits will likely restrict the ability of many market participants to trade in the commodities markets to the same extent as they have in the past, including affecting their ability to enter into or maintain hedge positions in the applicable commodity or futures contracts. These rules and various other legislative and regulatory requirements may, among other things, reduce liquidity, increase market volatility, and increase costs in these markets. These consequences could adversely affect an Underlying Fund and the value of your notes.
In addition, other governmental or regulatory bodies (such as the European Commission) have proposed or may propose in the future legislation or regulations containing restrictions similar to those contemplated by Dodd-Frank, or other legislation or regulations containing other restrictions that could adversely impact the liquidity of and increase costs of participating in the commodities markets. If such legislation or regulations are adopted or other legislation or regulations are adopted in the future, they could have an adverse effect on the value of the applicable Underlying Fund and your notes.
The notes will not be regulated by the CFTC. The notes will not be interests in a commodity pool nor will they be regulated by the CFTC as a commodity pool. Further, we will not be registered with the CFTC as a commodity pool operator. The notes will not constitute investments by you or by us on your behalf in futures contracts traded on regulated futures exchanges, which may only be transacted through a person registered with the CFTC as a “futures commission merchant” (“FCM”). We are not registered with the CFTC as an FCM, and you will not benefit from the CFTC’s or any other non-U.S. regulatory authority’s regulatory protections for persons who trade in futures contracts or who invest in regulated commodity pools.
An Underlying Fund may include commodities or futures contracts traded on foreign exchanges that are less regulated than U.S. markets and may involve different and greater risks than trading on U.S. exchanges. An Underlying Fund may own commodities or futures contracts that trade on exchanges located outside the U.S. The regulations of the CFTC do not apply to trading on foreign exchanges, and trading on foreign exchanges may involve different and greater risks than trading on U.S. exchanges. Certain foreign markets may be more susceptible to disruption than U.S. exchanges due to the lack of a government-regulated clearinghouse system. Trading on foreign exchanges also involves certain other risks that are not applicable to trading on U.S. exchanges. Those risks include: (a) exchange rate risk relative to the U.S. dollar; (b) exchange controls; (c) expropriation; (d) burdensome or confiscatory taxation; and (e) moratoriums, and political or diplomatic events. It may also be more costly and difficult for participants in those markets to enforce the laws or regulations of a foreign country or exchange, and it is possible that the foreign country or exchange may not have laws or regulations which adequately protect the rights and interests of investors in the relevant commodities or contracts. These factors could reduce the price of the applicable Underlying Fund and the value of your notes.
Other Risk Factors Relating to an Underlying Fund
The applicable term sheet may set forth additional risk factors as to an Underlying Fund that you should review prior to purchasing the notes.
USE OF PROCEEDS AND HEDGING
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant term sheet, the net proceeds we receive from the sale of the notes will be used for general corporate purposes and, in part, by us or by one or more of our affiliates in connection with hedging our obligations under the notes as more particularly described in “Use of Proceeds” on page 14 of the accompanying prospectus.
On or prior to the date of the relevant term sheet, we, through our affiliates or others, expect to hedge some or all of our anticipated exposure in connection with the notes by taking positions in the relevant Underlying Fund(s) or any of the applicable underlying assets or instruments whose value is derived from the relevant Underlying Fund(s) or any of the applicable underlying assets. From time to time, prior to maturity of the notes, we may pursue a dynamic hedging strategy which may involve taking long or short positions in the relevant Underlying Fund(s) or any of the applicable underlying assets or instruments whose value is derived from the relevant Underlying Fund(s) or any of the applicable underlying assets.
We have no obligation to engage in any manner of hedging activity and will do so solely at our discretion and for our own account. No security holder shall have any rights or interest in our hedging activity or any positions we may take in connection with our hedging activity.
The hedging activity discussed above may adversely affect the market value of the notes from time to time. See “Risk Factors –—Trading and hedging activities by us, the agents, and our respective affiliates may affect your return on the notes and their market value” and “—Our trading, hedging and other business activities, and those of the agents or one or more of our respective affiliates, may create conflicts of interest with you” in this product supplement for a discussion of these adverse effects.
DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES
General
Each issue of the notes will be part of a series of notes entitled “Global Notes, Series A” referred to in the accompanying prospectus supplement. The notes will be issued by Deutsche Bank AG under an indenture among us, Law Debenture Trust Company of New York, as trustee, and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as issuing agent, paying agent and registrar (the “senior indenture”). The senior indenture is described more fully in the prospectus and prospectus supplement. The following description of the notes supplements and, to the extent it is inconsistent with, supersedes the description of the general terms and provisions of the notes and debt securities set forth under the headings “Description of Notes” beginning on page PS-5 of the prospectus supplement and “Description of Debt Securities” beginning on page 22 of the prospectus. These documents should be read in connection with the applicable term sheet.
The maturity date of the notes and the aggregate principal amount of each issue of the notes will be stated in the term sheet. If the scheduled maturity date is not a business day, we will make the required payment on the next business day, but no interest will accrue as a result of such delay.
We will not pay interest on the notes. The notes do not guarantee the return of principal at maturity. The notes will be payable only in U.S. dollars.
The notes are our senior unsecured obligations and will rank equally with all of our senior unsecured and unsubordinated debts, except for debts required to be preferred by law.
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet or in connection with any further issuances of notes with the same terms as notes originally issued prior to January 1, 2015, holders of notes issued on or after January 1, 2015 will be bound by and will be deemed to consent to the imposition of any Resolution Measures by our competent resolution authority, which may include the write down of all, or a portion, of any payment on the notes. Please see the accompanying prospectus addendum for more information.
The notes are not bank deposits and are not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or by any other U.S. or foreign governmental agency.
Unless automatically called prior to the maturity date or under the limited circumstances set forth below, the notes will mature on the date set forth in the applicable term sheet. Prior to the maturity date, the notes are not redeemable at our option or repayable at the option of any holder. The notes are not subject to any sinking fund. The notes are not subject to the defeasance provisions described in the section “Description of Debt Securities—Discharge and Defeasance” beginning on page 29 of the accompanying prospectus.
We will issue the notes in denominations of whole units. Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet, each unit will have a principal amount of $10. The CUSIP number for each issue of the notes will be set forth in the applicable term sheet. You may transfer the notes only in whole units.
Automatic Call
The notes will be called, in whole but not in part, if the Observation Level (as defined below) of the Market Measure on any Observation Date is greater than or equal to the Call Level set forth in the applicable term sheet.
If the notes are called on an Observation Date, for each unit of notes that you own, we will pay you the Call Amount applicable to that Observation Date. The “Call Amount” will be equal to the principal amount plus the applicable Call Premium. The “Call Premium” will be a percentage of the principal amount.
The Observation Dates and the related Call Amounts and Call Premiums will be specified in the applicable term sheet.
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, if the notes are automatically called on an Observation Date, we will redeem the notes and pay the applicable Call Amount on the applicable Call Settlement Date. Each “Call Settlement Date” will be set forth in the applicable term sheet (other than for the final Observation Date) and will occur on approximately the fifth business day after the applicable Observation Date, subject to postponement as described below. If the notes are called on the final Observation Date, the applicable Call Settlement Date will be the maturity date.
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable term sheet, if a scheduled Observation Date (other than the final Observation Date) is not a trading day (as defined below) or if there is a Market Disruption Event on that day, the applicable Observation Date will be the immediately succeeding trading day during which no Market Disruption Event occurs or is continuing; provided that the Observation Level will not be determined on a date later than the fifth scheduled trading day after the scheduled Observation Date, and if that fifth day is not a trading day, or if there is a Market Disruption Event on that date, the calculation agent will determine (or, if not determinable, estimate) the Observation Level in a commercially reasonable manner on that fifth scheduled trading day.
If the scheduled final Observation Date is not a trading day or if there is a Market Disruption Event on that day, the final Observation Date will be the immediately succeeding trading day during which no Market Disruption Event occurs or is continuing; provided that the Ending Value will be determined (or, if not determinable, estimated) by the calculation agent in a commercially reasonable manner on a date no later than the second scheduled trading day prior to the maturity date, regardless of the occurrence of a Market Disruption Event on that second scheduled trading day.
If, due to a Market Disruption Event or otherwise, a scheduled Observation Date (other than the final Observation Date) is postponed, the relevant Call Settlement Date, if applicable, will be approximately the fifth business day following the Observation Date as postponed, unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet.
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, a “business day” means any day other than a day that (i) is a Saturday or Sunday, (ii) is a day on which banking institutions generally in the City of New York or London, England are authorized or obligated by law, regulation, or executive order to close or (iii) is a day on which transactions in U.S. dollars are not conducted in the City of New York or London, England.
A “trading day” means a day on which trading is generally conducted (or was scheduled to have been generally conducted, but for the occurrence of a Market Disruption Event) on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”), The NASDAQ Stock Market, the Chicago Board Options Exchange, and in the over-the-counter market for equity securities in the United States, or any successor exchange or market, or in the case of a security traded on one or more non-U.S. securities exchanges or markets, on the principal non-U.S. securities exchange or market for such security.
Payment at Maturity
If the notes are not automatically called prior to the maturity date, then at maturity, subject to our credit risk as issuer of the notes, you will receive a Redemption Amount, denominated in U.S. dollars. The “Redemption Amount” will be calculated as follows:
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If the Ending Value is greater than or equal to the Threshold Value, then the Redemption Amount will equal the principal amount.
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If the Ending Value is less than the Threshold Value, then the Redemption Amount will equal:
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The Redemption Amount will not be less than zero.
The “Threshold Value” will be a value of the Market Measure that equals a specified percentage of the Starting Value, which will be less than or equal to 100%. The Threshold Value will be determined on the pricing date and set forth in the term sheet. If the Threshold Value is equal to 100% of the Starting Value, then the Redemption Amount for the notes will be less than the principal amount if there is any decrease in the value of the Market Measure from the Starting Value to the Ending Value, and you may lose all of your investment in the notes.
Each term sheet will provide examples of payments on the notes based on hypothetical Observation Levels and Ending Values.
The term sheet will set forth information as to the specific Market Measure, including information as to the historical values of the Underlying Fund or Underlying Funds. However, historical values of an Underlying Fund are not indicative of its future performance or the performance of your notes.
An investment in the notes does not entitle you to any ownership interest, including any voting rights, in any Underlying Fund or its underlying assets, nor dividends paid or other distributions made, by an Underlying Fund or its underlying assets.
The Starting Value, the Observation Level and the Ending Value
Starting Value
Unless otherwise specified in the term sheet, the “Starting Value” will be the price of the relevant Underlying Fund on the pricing date, determined as set forth in the term sheet.
If the Market Measure consists of a Basket, the Starting Value will be equal to 100. See “—Basket Market Measures.”
Observation Level
The “Observation Level” will equal the Closing Market Price of the relevant Underlying Fund on the applicable Observation Date multiplied by its Price Multiplier on that day.
If the Market Measure consists of a Basket, each Observation Level of the Basket will be determined as described in “—Basket Market Measures.”
Ending Value
The “Ending Value” will equal the Observation Level on the final Observation Date.
The “Closing Market Price” for one share of an Underlying Fund (or one unit of any other security for which a Closing Market Price must be determined) on any trading day means any of the following:
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if the Underlying Fund (or such other security) is listed or admitted to trading on a national securities exchange, the last reported sale price, regular way (or, in the case of The NASDAQ Stock Market, the official closing price), of the principal trading session on that day on the principal U.S. securities exchange registered under the Exchange Act on which the Underlying Fund (or such other security) is listed or admitted to trading;
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if the Underlying Fund (or such other security) is not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange but is included in the OTC Bulletin Board, the last reported sale price of the principal trading session on the OTC Bulletin Board on that day;
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if the closing price of the Underlying Fund (or such other security) cannot be determined as set forth in the two bullet points above, and the Underlying Fund (or such other security) is listed or admitted to trading on a non-U.S. securities exchange or market, the last reported sale price, regular way, of the principal trading session on that day on the primary non-U.S. securities exchange or market on which the Underlying Fund (or such other security) is listed or admitted to trading (converted to U.S. dollars using such exchange rate as the calculation agent, in its sole discretion, determines to be commercially reasonable); or
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if the Closing Market Price cannot be determined as set forth in the prior bullets, the mean, as determined by the calculation agent, of the bid prices for the Underlying Fund (or such other security) obtained from as many dealers in that security (which may include us, MLPF&S and/or any of our respective affiliates), but not exceeding three, as will make the bid prices available to the calculation agent. If no such bid price can be obtained, the Closing Market Price will be determined (or, if not determinable, estimated) by the calculation agent in its sole discretion in a commercially reasonable manner.
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The initial “Price Multiplier” for each Underlying Fund will be one, unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet. The Price Multiplier for each Underlying Fund will be subject to adjustment for certain events relating to that Underlying Fund described below under “—Anti-Dilution and Discontinuance Adjustments.”
Market Disruption Events
As to any Underlying Fund, a “Market Disruption Event” means any of the following events, as determined by the calculation agent in its sole discretion:
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the suspension of or material limitation on trading, in each case, for more than two consecutive hours of trading, or during the one-half hour period preceding the close of trading, of the shares of the Underlying Fund (or the successor underlying fund, as defined below) on the primary exchange where such shares trade, as determined
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by the calculation agent (without taking into account any extended or after-hours trading session);
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(B)
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the suspension of or material limitation on trading, in each case, for more than two consecutive hours of trading, or during the one-half hour period preceding the close of trading, on the primary exchange that trades options contracts or futures contracts related to the shares of the Underlying Fund (or successor underlying fund) as determined by the calculation agent (without taking into account any extended or after-hours trading session), in options contracts or futures contracts related to the shares of the Underlying Fund;
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(C)
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with respect to an Underlying Fund that holds equity securities, the suspension of or material limitation on trading, in each case, for more than two consecutive hours of trading, or during the one-half hour period preceding the close of trading, on the primary exchange where component stocks of the relevant Underlying Index (or the successor underlying index, as defined below) trade, as determined by the calculation agent (without taking into account any extended or after-hours trading session), in 20% or more of the stocks which then comprise the Underlying Index or any successor underlying index;
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(D)
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the suspension of or material limitation on trading, in each case, for more than two consecutive hours of trading, or during the one-half hour period preceding the close of trading, on the primary exchange that trades options contracts or futures contracts related to the relevant Underlying Index (or the successor underlying index) as determined by the calculation agent (without taking into account any extended or after-hours trading session), in options contracts or futures contracts related to the Underlying Index or any successor underlying index;
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the determination that a scheduled Observation Date is not a trading day by reason of an extraordinary event, occurrence, declaration, or otherwise.
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The term sheet will identify, if applicable, any additions or changes to the Market Disruption Events for an Underlying Fund, including a commodity-based Underlying Fund.
For the purpose of determining whether a Market Disruption Event has occurred:
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a limitation on the hours in a trading day and/or number of days of trading will not constitute a Market Disruption Event if it results from an announced change in the regular business hours of the relevant exchange;
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(2)
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a decision to permanently discontinue trading in the shares of the Underlying Fund (or successor underlying fund) or the relevant futures or options contracts relating to such shares or the relevant Underlying Index (or any successor underlying index) will not constitute a Market Disruption Event;
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(3)
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a suspension in trading in a futures or options contract on the shares of the Underlying Fund (or successor underlying fund) or the relevant Underlying Index (or any successor underlying index), by a major securities market by reason of (a) a price change violating limits set by that securities market, (b) an imbalance of orders relating to those contracts, or (c) a disparity in bid and ask quotes relating to those contracts, will each constitute a suspension of or material limitation on trading in futures or options contracts relating to the Underlying Fund;
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subject to paragraph (3) above, a suspension of or material limitation on trading on the relevant exchange will not include any time when that exchange is closed for trading under ordinary circumstances; and
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for the purpose of clause (A) above, any limitations on trading during significant market fluctuations under NYSE Rule 80B, or any applicable rule or regulation
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enacted or promulgated by the NYSE or any other self-regulatory organization or the SEC of similar scope as determined by the calculation agent, will be considered “material.”
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Anti-Dilution and Discontinuance Adjustments
As to any Underlying Fund, the calculation agent, in its sole discretion, may adjust the Price Multiplier (and as a result, the Observation Levels and the Ending Value), and any other terms of the notes (such as the Starting Value), if an event described below occurs after the pricing date and on or before the final Observation Date and if the calculation agent determines that such an event has a diluting or concentrative effect on the theoretical value of the shares of the applicable Underlying Fund or successor underlying fund.
The Price Multiplier resulting from any of the adjustments specified below will be rounded to the eighth decimal place with five one-billionths being rounded upward. No adjustments to the Price Multiplier will be required unless the adjustment would require a change of at least 0.1% in the Price Multiplier then in effect. Any adjustment that would require a change of less than 0.1% in the Price Multiplier which is not applied at the time of the event may be reflected at the time of any subsequent adjustment that would require a change of the Price Multiplier. The required adjustments specified below do not cover all events that could affect an Underlying Fund.
No adjustments to the Price Multiplier for any Underlying Fund or any other terms of the notes will be required other than those specified below. However, the calculation agent may, at its sole discretion, make additional adjustments or adjustments that differ from those described herein to the Price Multiplier or any other terms of the notes to reflect changes to an Underlying Fund if the calculation agent determines in good faith and a commercially reasonable manner that the adjustment is appropriate to ensure an equitable result.
The calculation agent will be solely responsible for the determination of any adjustments to the Price Multiplier for any Underlying Fund or any other terms of the notes and of any related determinations with respect to any distributions of stock, other securities or other property or assets, including cash, in connection with any event described below; its determinations and calculations will be conclusive absent a determination of a manifest error.
Following an event that results in an adjustment to the Price Multiplier for any Underlying Fund or any of the other terms of the notes, the calculation agent may (but is not required to) provide holders of the notes with information about that adjustment as it deems appropriate, depending on the nature of the adjustment. Upon written request by any holder of the notes, the calculation agent will provide that holder with information about such adjustment.
Anti-Dilution Adjustments
The calculation agent, in its sole discretion and as it deems reasonable, may adjust the Price Multiplier for any Underlying Fund and other terms of the notes, and hence any Observation Level and the Ending Value, as a result of certain events related to an Underlying Fund, which include, but are not limited to, the following:
Share Splits and Reverse Share Splits. If an Underlying Fund is subject to a share split or reverse share split, then once such split has become effective, the Price Multiplier for that Underlying Fund will be adjusted such that the new Price Multiplier will equal the product of:
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·
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the prior Price Multiplier; and
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·
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the number of shares that a holder of one share of the Underlying Fund before the effective date of the share split or reverse share split would have owned immediately following the applicable effective date.
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For example, a two-for-one share split would ordinarily change a Price Multiplier of one into a Price Multiplier of two. In contrast, a one-for-two reverse share split would ordinarily change a Price Multiplier of one into a Price Multiplier of one-half.
Share Dividends. If an Underlying Fund is subject to a share dividend (i.e., an issuance of additional shares of Underlying Fund) that is given ratably to all holders of the Underlying Fund, then, once the dividend has become effective and the Underlying Fund is trading ex-dividend, the Price Multiplier for that Underlying Fund will be adjusted on the ex-dividend date such that the new Price Multiplier will equal the prior Price Multiplier plus the product of:
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·
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the prior Price Multiplier; and
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·
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the number of additional shares issued in the share dividend with respect to one share of the Underlying Fund;
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provided that no adjustment will be made for a share dividend for which the number of shares of the Underlying Fund paid or distributed is based on a fixed cash equivalent value, unless such distribution is an Extraordinary Dividend (as defined below).
For example, a share dividend of one new share for each share held would ordinarily change a Price Multiplier of one into a Price Multiplier of two.
Extraordinary Dividends. There will be no adjustments to the Price Multiplier of an Underlying Fund to reflect any cash dividends or cash distributions paid with respect to that Underlying Fund other than Extraordinary Dividends, as described below, and distributions described under the sections entitled “—Other Distributions” and “—Reorganization Events” below.
An “Extraordinary Dividend” means, with respect to a cash dividend or other distribution with respect to an Underlying Fund, a dividend or other distribution that the calculation agent determines, in its sole discretion, is not declared or otherwise made according to the relevant Underlying Fund’s then existing policy or practice of paying such dividends on a quarterly or other regular basis. If an Extraordinary Dividend occurs, the Price Multiplier for that Underlying Fund will be adjusted on the ex-dividend date so that the new Price Multiplier will equal the product of:
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the prior Price Multiplier; and
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·
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a fraction, the numerator of which is the Closing Market Price per share of the Underlying Fund on the trading day preceding the ex-dividend date and the denominator of which is the amount by which the Closing Market Price per share of the Underlying Fund on that preceding trading day exceeds the Extraordinary Dividend Amount.
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The “Extraordinary Dividend Amount” with respect to an Extraordinary Dividend will equal:
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in the case of cash dividends or other distributions that are paid as regular dividends, the amount per share of the applicable Underlying Fund of that Extraordinary Dividend minus the amount per share of the immediately preceding non-Extraordinary Dividend for that share; or
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·
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in the case of cash dividends or other distributions that are not paid as regular dividends, the amount per share of the applicable Underlying Fund of that Extraordinary Dividend.
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To the extent an Extraordinary Dividend is not paid in cash, the value of the non-cash component will be determined by the calculation agent, whose determination will be conclusive. A distribution on the applicable Underlying Fund described under the sections entitled “—Other Distributions” and “—Reorganization Events” below that also constitutes an Extraordinary Dividend will only cause an adjustment under those respective sections.
Other Distributions. If an Underlying Fund, after the pricing date, declares or makes a distribution to all holders of the shares of the applicable Underlying Fund of any class of its securities (other than shares of the applicable Underlying Fund), evidences of its indebtedness or other non-cash assets, including, but not limited to, transferable rights and warrants, then, in each of these cases, once the distribution has become effective and the shares are trading ex-dividend, the Price Multiplier for such Underlying Fund will be adjusted such that the new Price Multiplier will equal the product of:
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the prior Price Multiplier; and
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·
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a fraction, the numerator of which will be the Current Market Price per share of the applicable Underlying Fund, and the denominator of which will be the Current Market Price per share of the applicable Underlying Fund, less the fair market value, as determined by the calculation agent, as of the time the adjustment is effected of the portion of the capital stock, evidences of indebtedness, rights or warrants, or other non-cash assets so distributed or issued applicable to one share of the applicable Underlying Fund.
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The “Current Market Price” of any Underlying Fund means the arithmetic average of the Closing Market Prices of one share of such Underlying Fund for the five Trading Days prior to the Trading Day immediately preceding the ex-dividend date of the distribution requiring an adjustment to the Price Multiplier.
“Ex-dividend date” means the first Trading Day on which transactions in the shares of any Underlying Fund trade on the relevant exchange without the right to receive that cash dividend or other cash distribution.
The “fair market value” of any such distribution means the value of such distributions on the ex-dividend date for such distribution, as determined by the calculation agent. If such distribution consists of property traded on the ex-dividend date on a U.S. national securities exchange, the fair market value will equal the Closing Market Price of such distributed property on such ex-dividend date.
Reorganization Events
If after the pricing date and on or prior to the final Observation Date, as to any Underlying Fund, the Underlying Fund, or its successor, has been subject to a merger, combination, consolidation, or statutory exchange of securities with another exchange traded fund, and the Underlying Fund is not the surviving entity, then, on or after the date of such event, the calculation agent shall, in its sole discretion, make an adjustment to the Price Multiplier for such Underlying Fund or any other terms of the notes as the calculation agent, in its sole discretion, determines appropriate to account for the economic effect on the notes of that event (including adjustments to account for changes in volatility, expected dividends, stock loan rate, or liquidity relevant to the Underlying Fund or to the notes), and determine the effective date of that adjustment. If the calculation agent determines that no adjustment that it could make will produce a commercially reasonable result, then the calculation agent may deem the Underlying Fund to be de-listed, liquidated, discontinued, or otherwise terminated, the treatment of which is described below under “—Discontinuance of or Material Change to an Underlying Fund.”
Discontinuance of or Material Change to an Underlying Fund
If shares of an Underlying Fund are de-listed from its primary securities exchange (or any other relevant exchange), liquidated, or otherwise terminated, the calculation agent will substitute an exchange traded fund that the calculation agent determines, in its sole discretion, is comparable to the discontinued Underlying Fund (that exchange traded fund being referred to herein as a “successor underlying fund”). In that event, the calculation agent will adjust the applicable Price Multiplier, as necessary, such that the successor underlying fund closely replicates the performance of the Underlying Fund.
If an Underlying Fund (or a successor underlying fund) is de-listed, liquidated, or otherwise terminated and the calculation agent determines that no adequate substitute for the Underlying Fund (or a successor underlying fund) is available, then the calculation agent will, in its sole discretion, calculate the Closing Market Price of that Underlying Fund (or a successor underlying fund) by a computation methodology that the calculation agent determines will as closely as reasonably possible replicate that Underlying Fund (or a successor underlying fund). If the calculation agent determines that no such computation methodology will produce a commercially reasonable result, then the calculation agent, in its discretion, may cause the maturity date of the notes to be accelerated as described below.
If a successor underlying fund is selected or the calculation agent calculates the Closing Market Price by a computation methodology that the calculation agent determines will as closely as reasonably possible replicate the Underlying Fund (or a successor underlying fund), that successor underlying fund or substitute computation methodology, as applicable, will be substituted for the Underlying Fund (or that successor underlying fund) for all purposes of the notes.
If at any time:
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an Underlying Index (or the underlying index related to a successor underlying fund) is discontinued or ceases to be published and (i) the Market Measure Publisher of the Underlying Index or another entity does not publish a successor or substitute underlying index that the calculation agent determines, in its sole discretion, to be comparable to the Underlying Index (a “successor underlying index”) or (ii) the Market Measure Publisher of the Underlying Fund does not announce that the Underlying Fund will track the successor underlying index; or
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·
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an Underlying Fund (or a successor underlying fund) in any way is modified (including, but not limited to, a material change in the investment policies, objectives or methodology of the Underlying Fund, or a material change to the related Underlying Index) so that the Underlying Fund does not, in the opinion of the calculation agent, fairly represent the price per share of that Underlying Fund (or that successor underlying fund) had those changes or modifications not been made;
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then, from and after that time, the calculation agent will make those calculations and adjustments that, in the good faith judgment of the calculation agent, may be necessary in order to arrive at a Closing Market Price of that Underlying Fund (or that successor underlying fund) as if those changes or modifications had not been made. The calculation agent also may determine that no adjustment is required. If the calculation agent determines that no such calculation or adjustment will produce a commercially reasonable result, then the calculation agent, in its discretion, may cause the maturity date of the notes to be accelerated as described below.
The calculation agent will be solely responsible for the method of calculating the Closing Market Price of the Underlying Fund (or any successor underlying fund) and of any related determinations and calculations, and its determinations and calculations with respect thereto will be conclusive in the absence of manifest error.
Notwithstanding these alternative arrangements, any modification or discontinuance of the Underlying Fund or the related Underlying Index may adversely affect trading in the notes.
If the calculation agent determines that no adjustment that it could make will produce a commercially reasonable result, then the calculation agent, in its discretion, may cause the notes to be accelerated to the fifth business day (the “date of acceleration”) following the date of that determination and the amount payable to you will be calculated as though the date of acceleration were the stated maturity date of the notes and as if the final Observation Date were five trading days prior to the date of acceleration. Additionally, if the notes are accelerated, the Call Premium shall equal the Call Premium on the immediately preceding Observation Date, if any, plus the difference between the Call Premium for the immediately preceding Observation Date, if any, and the Call Premium for the immediately following Observation Date, pro-rated according to the period of time elapsed between the immediately preceding Observation Date and the date of acceleration.
Basket Market Measures
If the Market Measure to which your notes are linked is a Basket, the Basket Components will be set forth in the term sheet. We will assign each Basket Component a weighting (the “Initial Component Weight”) so that each Basket Component represents a percentage of the Starting Value of the Basket on the pricing date. We may assign the Basket Components equal Initial Component Weights, or we may assign the Basket Components unequal Initial Component Weights. The Initial Component Weight for each Basket Component will be stated in the term sheet.
Determination of the Component Ratio for Each Basket Component
The “Starting Value” of the Basket will be equal to 100. We will set a fixed factor (the “Component Ratio”) for each Basket Component on the pricing date, based upon the weighting of that Basket Component. The Component Ratio for each Basket Component will equal:
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the Initial Component Weight (expressed as a percentage) for that Basket Component, multiplied by 100; divided by
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the Closing Market Price of that Basket Component on the pricing date.
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Each Component Ratio will be rounded to eight decimal places.
The Component Ratios will be calculated in this way so that the Starting Value of the Basket will equal 100 on the pricing date. The Component Ratios will not be revised subsequent to their determination on the pricing date, except that the calculation agent may in its good faith judgment adjust the Component Ratio of any Basket Component in the event that Basket Component is materially changed or modified in a manner that does not, in the opinion of the calculation agent, fairly represent the value of that Basket Component had those material changes or modifications not been made.
The following table is for illustration purposes only, and does not reflect the actual composition, Initial Component Weights, or Component Ratios, which will be set forth in the term sheet.
Example: The hypothetical Basket Components are Fund ABC, Fund XYZ, and Fund RST, with their Initial Component Weights being 50.00%, 25.00% and 25.00%, respectively, on a hypothetical pricing date:
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Hypothetical Closing
Market Price(1)
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Hypothetical
Component Ratio(2)
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Initial Basket
Value
Contribution
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Fund ABC
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50.00%
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50.00 |
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1.00000000 |
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50.00 |
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Fund XYZ
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25.00%
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24.00 |
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1.04166667 |
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25.00 |
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Fund RST
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25.00%
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10.00 |
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2.50000000 |
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25.00 |
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Starting Value
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100.00 |
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____________
(1)
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This column sets forth the hypothetical Closing Market Price of each Basket Component on the hypothetical pricing date.
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(2)
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The hypothetical Component Ratio for each Basket Component equals its Initial Component Weight (expressed as a percentage) multiplied by 100, and then divided by the Closing Market Price of that Basket Component on the hypothetical pricing date, with the result rounded to eight decimal places.
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Observation Level of the Basket
The “Observation Level” of the Basket will be the value of the Basket on the relevant Observation Date. The calculation agent will calculate the value of the Basket by summing the products of the Closing Market Price of each Basket Component on the applicable Observation Date multiplied by its Price Multiplier on that day, and the Component Ratio for each Basket Component. The value of the Basket will vary based on the increase or decrease in the price of each Basket Component. Any increase in the price of a Basket Component (assuming no change in the price of the other Basket Component or Basket Components) will result in an increase in the value of the Basket. Conversely, any decrease in the price of a Basket
Component (assuming no change in the price of the other Basket Component or Basket Components) will result in a decrease in the value of the Basket.
Unless otherwise specified in the term sheet, if, for any Basket Component (an “Affected Basket Component”), (i) a Market Disruption Event occurs on a scheduled Observation Date or (ii) any scheduled Observation Date is not a trading day (any such day in either (i) or (ii) being a “non-calculation day”), the calculation agent will determine the prices of the Basket Components for that non-calculation day, and as a result, the relevant Observation Level, as follows:
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The Closing Market Price of each Basket Component that is not an Affected Basket Component will be its Closing Market Price on that non-calculation day.
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The Closing Market Price of each Basket Component that is an Affected Basket Component for the applicable non-calculation day will be determined in the same manner as described in the fifth and the sixth paragraphs of subsection “—Automatic Call,” provided that references to “Market Measure” will be references to “Basket Component.”
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For purposes of determining whether a Market Disruption Event has occurred as to any Basket Component, “Market Disruption Event” will have the meaning stated above in “—Market Disruption Events.”
Role of the Calculation Agent
The calculation agent has the sole discretion to make all determinations regarding the notes as described in this product supplement, including determinations regarding the Starting Value, the Call Level, the Threshold Value, the Observation Level of the Market Measure on each Observation Date, the Ending Value, the Price Multiplier(s), the Closing Market Price, whether the notes will be called, the Redemption Amount, any Market Disruption Events, a successor underlying fund, a successor underlying index, business days, trading days and non-calculation days, and determinations related to the discontinuance of any Underlying Fund. Absent manifest error, all determinations of the calculation agent will be conclusive for all purposes and final and binding on you and us, without any liability on the part of the calculation agent.
We or one of our affiliates may act as the calculation agent, or we may appoint MLPF&S or one of its affiliates to act as the calculation agent for the notes. Alternatively, we or one of our affiliates and MLPF&S or one of its affiliates may act as joint calculation agents for the notes. When we refer to a “calculation agent” in this product supplement or in any term sheet, we are referring to the applicable calculation agent or joint calculation agents, as the case may be. We may change the calculation agent at any time without notifying you. The identity of the calculation agent will be set forth in the applicable term sheet.
Same-Day Settlement and Payment
The notes will be delivered in book-entry form only through The Depository Trust Company against payment by purchasers of the notes in immediately available funds, as discussed under “Forms of Securities” beginning on page 36 of the accompanying prospectus. We will pay the Call Amount or the Redemption Amount, as applicable, in immediately available funds so long as the notes are maintained in book-entry form.
Events of Default and Acceleration
Under the heading “Description of Debt Securities—Events of Default” beginning on page 26 of the accompanying prospectus is a description of events of default relating to the notes. Unless otherwise specified in the relevant term sheet, in case an event of default with respect to the notes shall have occurred and be continuing, the amount declared due and payable per unit of the notes upon any acceleration of the notes will be determined by the calculation agent and will be an amount in cash equal to the amount payable at maturity per unit of the notes as described under the captions “—Automatic Call” or “—Payment at Maturity,” determined as if the date of acceleration were the maturity date of the notes and as if the final Observation Date were five trading days prior to the date of acceleration. The Call Premium shall equal the Call Premium on the immediately preceding Observation Date, if any, plus the difference between the Call Premium for the immediately preceding Observation Date, if any, and the Call Premium for the immediately following Observation Date, pro-rated according to the period of time elapsed between the immediately preceding Observation Date and the date of acceleration.
If a bankruptcy proceeding is commenced in respect of us, your claim may be limited under applicable bankruptcy law. In case of a default in payment of the notes, whether at their maturity or upon acceleration, they will not bear a default interest rate.
Listing
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, the notes will not be listed on a securities exchange or quotation system.
Modification
Under the heading “Description of Debt Securities—Modification of an Indenture” beginning on page 30 of the accompanying prospectus is a description of when the consent of each affected holder of debt securities is required to modify the terms of the notes or the indenture.
Governing Law
The notes will be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.
SUPPLEMENTAL PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
MLPF&S and one or more of its affiliates may act as our agents for any offering of the notes. The agents will act on a principal basis, unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet. Each agent will be a party to a distribution agreement described in the “Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)” beginning on page PS-48 of the accompanying prospectus supplement and on page 41 of the accompanying prospectus.
Each agent will receive an underwriting discount or commission that is a percentage of the aggregate principal amount of the notes sold through its efforts, which will be set forth in the applicable term sheet. You must have an account with the applicable agent in order to purchase the notes.
None of the agents is acting as your fiduciary or advisor solely as a result of the making of any offering of the notes, and you should not rely upon this product supplement, the term sheet, or the accompanying prospectus or prospectus supplement as investment advice or a recommendation to purchase any notes. You should make your own investment decision regarding the notes after consulting with your legal, tax, and other advisors.
MLPF&S and its affiliates may use this product supplement, the prospectus supplement, and the prospectus, together with the applicable term sheet, in market-making transactions for any notes after their initial sale solely for the purpose of providing investors with the description of the terms of the notes that were made available to investors in connection with the initial distribution of the notes. Secondary market investors should not, and will not be authorized to rely on these documents for information regarding Deutsche Bank AG or for any purpose other than that described in the immediately preceding sentence.
Neither we nor any agent is making an offer to sell the notes in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. This product supplement and the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus are not an offer to sell these notes to anyone and are not soliciting an offer to buy these notes from anyone in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
The following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of ownership and disposition of the notes. It applies to you only if you hold your notes as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). It does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to you in light of your particular circumstances, including alternative minimum tax and “Medicare contribution tax” consequences, and different consequences that may apply if you are an investor subject to special rules, such as a regulated investment company, a tax-exempt entity (including an “individual retirement account” or a “Roth IRA”), a dealer in securities, a trader in securities who elects to apply a mark-to-market method of tax accounting, an entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or a person holding a note as a part of a “straddle.”
This discussion is based on the Code, administrative pronouncements, judicial decisions and final, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations, all as of the date of this product supplement, changes to any of which subsequent to the date hereof may affect the tax consequences described below, possibly with retroactive effect. It does not address the application of any state, local or non-U.S. tax laws. You should consult your tax advisor concerning the application of U.S. federal income tax laws to your particular situation (including the possibility of alternative treatments of the notes), as well as any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. jurisdictions.
Tax Treatment of the Notes
The tax consequences of an investment in the notes are uncertain. There is no direct legal authority as to the proper U.S. federal income tax treatment of the notes, and we do not plan to request a ruling from the IRS regarding the notes. Unless otherwise indicated in the relevant term sheet, in determining our tax reporting responsibilities, if any, with respect to a note, we expect to treat it as a prepaid financial contract that is not debt. The following discussion assumes that this treatment is respected, except where otherwise indicated. The relevant term sheet, which you should consult before making a decision to invest in the notes to which it pertains, may indicate other issues or differing consequences applicable to those notes.
Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders
You are a “U.S. holder” if, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, you are a beneficial owner of a note and are: (i) a citizen or resident of the United States; (ii) a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any State therein or the District of Columbia; or (iii) an estate or trust the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source.
Treatment as a Prepaid Financial Contract That Is Not Debt
Under this treatment, you should not recognize taxable income or loss with respect to a note prior to its taxable disposition (including at maturity or pursuant to a call). Upon a taxable disposition of a note, you should recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount you realize and your tax basis in the note. Your tax basis in the note should equal the amount you paid to acquire it. Your gain or loss generally should be capital gain or loss, and should be long-term capital gain or loss if you have held the note for more than one year and otherwise should be short-term capital gain or loss. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.
Uncertainties Regarding Treatment as a Prepaid Financial Contract That Is Not Debt
Due to the lack of direct legal authority, even if a note is treated as a prepaid financial contract that is not debt, there remain substantial uncertainties regarding the tax consequences of owning and disposing of it. For instance, you might be required to include amounts in income during the term of the note and/or to treat all or a portion of your gain or loss on its taxable disposition as ordinary income or loss or as short-term capital gain or loss, without regard to how long you have held it.
It is possible, because an exchange traded fund constitutes or is included in the Market Measure, that purchasing the relevant note could be treated (in whole or part) as entering into a “constructive ownership transaction” within the meaning of Section 1260 of the Code. In that case, all or a portion of any long-term capital gain you would otherwise recognize on a sale or exchange of the note would be recharacterized as ordinary income to the extent such gain exceeded the “net underlying long-term capital gain.” Under Section 1260, the net underlying long-term capital gain is generally the net long-term capital gain a taxpayer would have recognized by investing in the underlying entity at the inception of the constructive ownership transaction and selling that investment on the date the constructive ownership transaction is closed. If Section 1260 were to apply to a note linked to a single Underlying Fund, it is possible that the net underlying long-term capital gain would equal the amount of long-term capital gain you would have recognized if on the issue date you had invested the face amount of the note in shares of the Underlying Fund and sold those shares for their fair market value on the date of your taxable disposition of the note. Unless otherwise established by clear and convincing evidence, the net underlying long-term capital gain is treated as zero. Any long-term capital gain recharacterized as ordinary income under Section 1260 will be treated as accruing at a constant rate over the period you held the note, and you will be subject to a notional interest charge in respect of the deemed tax liability on the income that is treated as accruing in prior tax years.
In 2007, the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on various issues regarding the U.S. federal income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts” and similar instruments. The notice focuses in particular on whether beneficial owners of these instruments should be required to accrue income over the term of their investment. It also asks for comments on a number of related topics, including the character of income or loss with respect to these instruments; the relevance of factors such as the nature of the underlying property to which the instruments are linked; and whether these instruments are or should be subject to the “constructive ownership” regime, which very generally can operate to recharacterize certain long-term capital gain as ordinary income and impose a notional interest charge. While the notice requests comments on appropriate transition rules and effective dates, any Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of your investment in a note, possibly with retroactive effect.
Consequences if a Note Is Treated as a Debt Instrument
If a note is treated as a debt instrument and has a term (from but excluding the settlement date to and including the last possible date that the note could be outstanding pursuant to its terms) that exceeds one year, your tax consequences will be governed by Treasury regulations relating to the taxation of contingent payment debt instruments. In that event, even if you are a cash-method taxpayer, in each year that you hold the note you will be required to accrue into income “original issue discount” based on our “comparable yield” for a similar non-contingent debt instrument, determined as of the time of issuance of the note, even though we will not be required to make any payment with respect to the note prior to its
maturity or automatic call. In addition, any income you recognize upon the taxable disposition of the note will be treated as ordinary in character. If you recognize a loss above certain thresholds, you could be required to file a disclosure statement with the IRS.
If a note is treated as a debt instrument and has a term not exceeding one year, your tax consequences, although not governed by the regulations applicable to contingent payment debt instruments, could be materially and adversely affected. For instance, in such a case, any gain that you recognize at maturity should be treated as ordinary income instead of capital gain.
Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders
You generally are a “non-U.S. holder” if, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, you are a beneficial owner of a note and are: (i) a nonresident alien individual; (ii) an entity treated as a foreign corporation; or (iii) a foreign estate or trust.
This discussion does not describe considerations applicable to an individual beneficial owner of a note who in the taxable year of disposition of the note is (i) present in the United States for 183 days or more or (ii) a former citizen or resident of the United States, if certain conditions apply. If you are a potential investor to whom such considerations might be relevant, you should consult your tax advisor.
Subject to the discussions below under “—Additional Withholding Tax Considerations” and “—‘FATCA’ Legislation,” if a note is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a prepaid financial contract that is not debt, any gain you realize with respect to the note generally should not be subject to U.S. federal withholding or income tax, unless the gain is effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States. However, as described above under “—Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders—Uncertainties Regarding Treatment as a Prepaid Financial Contract That Is Not Debt,” in 2007 the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on various issues regarding the U.S. federal income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts” and similar instruments. The notice focuses, among other things, on the degree, if any, to which income realized with respect to such instruments by non-U.S. persons should be subject to withholding tax. It is possible that any Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues might require you to accrue income, subject to U.S. federal withholding tax, in each year that you own a note, possibly on a retroactive basis. We will not pay additional amounts on account of any such withholding tax.
Subject to the discussions below under “—Additional Withholding Tax Considerations” and “—‘FATCA’ Legislation,” if a note is treated as a debt instrument, any income or gain you realize with respect to the note generally will not be subject to U.S. federal withholding or income tax if (i) you provide a properly completed Form W-8 appropriate to your circumstances and (ii) these amounts are not effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States.
If you are engaged in a trade or business in the United States, and income or gain from a note is effectively connected with your conduct of that trade or business (and, if an applicable treaty so requires, is attributable to a permanent establishment in the United States), you generally will be taxed in the same manner as a U.S. holder. If this paragraph applies to you, you should consult your tax advisor with respect to other U.S. tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of the note, including the possible imposition of a 30% branch profits tax if you are a corporation.
Additional Withholding Tax Considerations
Proposed Treasury regulations under Section 871(m) of the Code, if finalized in their current form, could impose withholding after December 31, 2015 on non-U.S. holders at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate) on amounts treated as attributable to dividends from U.S. stocks underlying financial instruments such as the notes (“dividend equivalents”). Withholding may be required even if the instrument does not explicitly take into account dividends paid on the underlying U.S. stocks, and even if the non-U.S. holder has not yet received any payments on the instrument. Pursuant to published guidance, these regulations are not expected to apply to notes issued prior to the date that is 90 days after the date that final regulations are published. There are material uncertainties regarding the application of these proposed regulations. You should consult your tax advisor regarding the potential application of these proposed regulations. We will not pay additional amounts on account of any such withholding tax.
“FATCA” Legislation
Legislation commonly referred to as “FATCA” generally imposes a withholding tax of 30% on payments to certain non-U.S. entities (including financial intermediaries) with respect to certain financial instruments, unless various U.S. information reporting and due diligence requirements (that are in addition to, and potentially significantly more onerous than, the requirement to deliver an IRS Form W-8) have been satisfied. This legislation generally applies to (1) any instrument that produces U.S.–source interest income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and (2) any instrument not described in (1) executed more than six months after the date on which instruments such as the notes are first treated as giving rise to “dividend equivalents,” as described above. Withholding (if applicable) would apply to payments of interest (if the relevant note were treated as a debt instrument), dividend equivalents and, after December 31, 2016, gross proceeds from the taxable disposition of the relevant note.
We will not pay additional amounts with respect to such withholding taxes. You should consult your tax advisor regarding the potential application of FATCA, including the availability of certain refunds or credits.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Cash proceeds received from a disposition of a note may be subject to information reporting, and may also be subject to backup withholding at the rate specified in the Code unless you provide certain identifying information (such as a correct taxpayer identification number, if you are a U.S. holder) and otherwise satisfy the requirements of the backup withholding rules. If you are a non-U.S. holder and you provide a properly completed Form W-8 appropriate to your circumstances, you will generally establish an exemption from backup withholding. Amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules are not additional taxes and may be refunded or credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is furnished to the IRS.