Document



UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D. C. 20549
FORM 10-K
o
Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

OR
þ
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Transition Period from October 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018
  Commission File Number: 0-49807
WASHINGTON GAS LIGHT COMPANY
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
District of Columbia and Virginia
 
 
  
 
  
53-0162882
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation)
 
 
  
 
  
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1000 Maine Ave., S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20024
(Address of Principal Executive Offices and Zip Code)

(703) 750-4440
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
 Title of class

Common stock, $1.00 par value

Preferred Stock, cumulative, without par value:

$4.25 Series
$4.80 Series
$5.00 Series

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [   ]  No [ü]
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes [   ]  No [ü]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrants were required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes [ü]  No [   ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes [ü]  No [   ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  [ü]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.





Large Accelerated Filer o
  
Accelerated Filer o
  
Non-Accelerated Filer [ü]
  
Smaller Reporting Company  o
 
  
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company  o
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act):  Yes [   ]  No [ü]
The aggregate market value of the voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $0 as of June 30, 2018.
As of January 31, 2019, there were 46,479,536 shares of registrant common stock, $1 par value, outstanding. All of the outstanding shares of common stock are held by Wrangler SPE LLC (the SPE), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of AltaGas Ltd.







Washington Gas Light Company
Form 10-K Transition Report
For the Transition Period from October 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018
Table of Contents
PART I
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
 
 
PART II
 
 
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
 
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
 
 
 
PART III
 
 
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
 
 
 
PART IV
 
 
Item 15.
Item 16.

(i)

Washington Gas Light Company
Part I



        
EXPLANATORY NOTE REGARDING THIS TRANSITION REPORT
 
On December 28, 2018, our Board of Directors approved a change of Washington Gas Light Company's fiscal year from the period beginning on October 1 and ending on September 30 to the period beginning on January 1 and ending on December 31. This transition report on Form 10-K includes financial information for the three-month transition period from October 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018, or the transition period ended December 31, 2018. References in this report to fiscal year 2018, 2017 and 2016 refer to twelve-month periods ended on September 30 of each year. All amounts presented for the three months ended December 31, 2017 are unaudited. Subsequent to this transition report, our annual reports on Form 10-K will cover the calendar year from January 1 to December 31, with historical periods remaining unchanged. Washington Gas Light Company previously filed combined reports with WGL Holdings, Inc.

SAFE HARBOR FOR FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
Washington Gas Light Company (Washington Gas) is an indirect, majority-owned subsidiary of, among other entities, WGL Holdings, Inc (WGL). WGL is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of AltaGas Ltd. (AltaGas). Except where the content clearly indicates otherwise, any reference in this report to “Washington Gas”,” “we,” “us”, “our” or “the Company” refers to Washington Gas Light Company. References to “WGL” refer to WGL Holdings, Inc. and all of its subsidiaries.
Certain matters discussed in this report, excluding historical information, include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 with respect to the outlook for earnings, dividends, revenues and other future financial business performance, strategies, financing plans, AltaGas' integration of us and other expectations. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words such as, but not limited to, “estimates,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “believes,” “plans” and similar expressions, or future or conditional terms such as “will,” “should,” “would” and “could.” Forward-looking statements speak only as of the filing date of this report, and the registrants assume no duty to update them. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements or historical performance include those discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors and may include, but are not limited to the following:
the inability to successfully integrate into the operations of AltaGas and a failure to realize anticipated benefits;
the effect of the consummation of the merger on our ability to maintain supplier relationships, keep customers, and retain and hire key personnel;
unexpected costs incurred in connection with the Merger;
the inability to meet commitments under various orders and agreements associated with regulatory approvals for the merger, which could have a detrimental impact on our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects;
the loss of certain administrative and management functions and services provided by AltaGas;
potential litigation in connection with the merger;
changes in AltaGas' strategy or relationship with Washington Gas that could affect our performance or operations;
changes in our credit rating, WGL's, or AltaGas' credit ratings, and disruptions in credit market conditions or other factors that may affect our access to and cost of capital;
the level and rate at which we incur costs and expenses, and the extent to which we are allowed to recover from customers, through the regulatory process, such costs and expenses relating to constructing, operating and maintaining our distribution system;
the availability of natural gas supply, interstate pipeline transportation and storage capacity;
leaks, mechanical problems, incidents or other operational issues in our natural gas distribution system, including the effectiveness of our efforts to mitigate the effects of receiving low-HHC natural gas;

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changes in laws and regulations affecting our business, including in the areas of the environment, pipeline integrity, and employment;
changes in energy commodity market conditions, including the relative prices of alternative forms of energy such as electricity, fuel oil and propane;
disruptions or decline in the local economy in which Washington Gas operates;
strikes or work stoppages by unionized employees;
costs of providing retirement plan benefits is subject to change;
changes to government fiscal and trade policies;
security breaches of our information technology infrastructure, including cyber-attacks and cyber-terrorism;
acts of nature and catastrophic events, including terrorist acts;
the credit-worthiness of customers; suppliers and derivatives counterparties;
changes in the value of derivative contracts and the availability of suitable derivative counterparties;
rules implementing the derivatives transaction provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act may impose costs on our derivatives activities;
unusual weather conditions and changes in natural gas consumption patterns;
legislative, regulatory, and judicial mandates or decisions affecting our operations, including interpretations of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (Tax Act);
our ability to manage the outsourcing of several business processes;
the outcome of new and existing matters before courts, regulators, government agencies or arbitrators, including that relating to the August 2016 explosion and fire at an apartment complex in Silver Spring, Maryland;
changes in accounting principles and the effect of accounting pronouncements issued periodically by accounting standard-setting bodies.
All such factors are difficult to predict accurately and are generally beyond the direct control of the registrant. Readers are urged to use care and consider the risks, uncertainties and other factors that could affect the registrant’s business as described in this transition report on Form 10-K.
 

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Part I



GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
 

Accelerated Pipe Replacement Programs: Programs focused on replacement activities, targeting specific piping materials, installed years and/or locations which are undertaken on an expedited basis in an effort to improve safety, system reliability and to reduce potential greenhouse gas emissions. 

Active Customer Meters: Natural gas meters that are physically connected to a building structure within the Washington Gas distribution system that are receiving natural gas distribution service.

AltaGas Ltd. (AltaGas): AltaGas is a Canadian corporation that became the parent company of WGL Holdings, Inc. upon consummation of the Merger on July 6, 2018.

AltaGas Services (U.S.) Inc. (ASUS): ASUS is a wholly owned subsidiary of AltaGas. It is the parent company of all AltaGas' U.S. subsidiaries.

Area-Wide Contract: A contract between Washington Gas and the General Services Administration for utility and energy-management services.

Asset Optimization Program: A program to optimize the value of Washington Gas’ long-term natural gas transportation and storage capacity resources during periods when these resources are not being used to physically serve customers.

Bundled Service: Service in which customers purchase both the natural gas commodity and the distribution or delivery of the commodity from the local regulated utility. When customers purchase bundled service from Washington Gas, no mark-up is applied to the cost of the natural gas commodity that is passed through to customers. 

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Agreement: An agreement whereby a service provider performs certain ongoing support functions.

 
BPO 2.0 Regulatory Asset: Regulatory asset relating to the cost to outsource certain administrative functions.


CARE Ratemaking Adjustment (CRA): A billing mechanism in the state of Virginia that is designed to minimize the effect of factors such as conservation on utility net revenues.

City Gate: A point or measuring station at which a gas distribution company such as Washington Gas receives natural gas from an unaffiliated pipeline or transmission system.

Competitive Service Provider (CSP): Also referred to as Third-Party Marketer (see definition below).

Conservation and Ratemaking Efficiency (CARE Plan): Provides for the CRA as well as cost effective conservation and energy efficient programs.

Delivery Service: The regulated distribution or delivery of natural gas to retail customers. Washington Gas provides delivery service to retail customers in Washington, D.C. and parts of Maryland and Virginia.

Design Day: Washington Gas’ design day represents the maximum anticipated demand on Washington Gas’ distribution system during a 24-hour period assuming a five-degree Fahrenheit average temperature and 17 miles per hour average wind, considered to be the coldest conditions expected to be experienced in the Washington, D.C. region.

Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT): A performance measure that includes operating income and other income (expense). EBIT is used in assessing the results of Washington Gas' operations.

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC): An independent agency of the federal government that regulates the interstate transmission of electricity, natural gas, and oil. The FERC also reviews proposals to build

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liquefied natural gas terminals and interstate natural gas pipelines.

Financial Contract: A contract in which no commodity is transferred between parties and only cash payments are exchanged in amounts equal to the financial benefit of holding the contract.

Firm Customers: Customers whose natural gas supply will not be disrupted by the regulated utility to meet the needs of other customers. Typically, this class of customer comprises residential customers and most commercial customers.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP): A standard framework of accounting rules used to prepare, present and report financial statements in the United States of America.

Hampshire: Hampshire Gas Company provides regulated interstate natural gas storage services to Washington Gas under a FERC approved interstate storage service tariff.

Heating Degree Day (HDD): A measure of the variation in weather based on the extent to which the daily average temperature falls below 65 degrees Fahrenheit.

Heavy Hydrocarbons (HHCs): Compounds, such as hexane, that Washington Gas is injecting into its distribution system to treat vaporized liquefied natural gas or domestic sources of gas that have had such HHCs removed as a result of liquids processing.

Interruptible Customers: Large commercial customers whose service can be temporarily interrupted in order for the regulated utility to meet the needs of firm customers. These customers pay a lower delivery rate than firm customers and they must be able to readily substitute an alternate fuel for natural gas. 

Lower-of-Cost or Net Realizable Value: The process of adjusting the value of inventory to reflect the lesser of its original cost or its net realizable value.

Mark-to-Market: The process of adjusting the carrying value of an asset or liability to reflect its current fair value.
 

Merger Agreement: An agreement governing WGL's combination with AltaGas, pursuant to which WGL became an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of AltaGas (the Merger).

New Customer Meters Added: Natural gas meters that are newly connected to a building structure within the Washington Gas distribution system. Service may or may not have been activated. 

Normal Weather: A forecast of expected HDDs based on historical HDD data.

PROJECTpipes: An accelerated pipe replacement program that provides a recovery mechanism for costs of eligible infrastructure replacements in the District of Columbia.

PSC of DC: The Public Service Commission of the District of Columbia is a three-member board that regulates Washington Gas’ distribution operations in the District of Columbia.
 
PSC of MD: The Maryland Public Service Commission is a five-member board that regulates Washington Gas’ distribution operations in Maryland.
 
Purchased Gas Charge (PGC): The purchased gas charge represents the cost of gas, gas transportation, gas storage services purchased and other gas related costs. The purchased gas charge is collected from customers through tariffs established by the regulatory commissions that have jurisdiction over Washington Gas.

Purchase of Receivables (POR): A program in Maryland, whereby Washington Gas purchases receivables from participating CSPs at approved discount rates.
 
Revenue Normalization Adjustment (RNA): A regulatory billing mechanism in the state of Maryland designed to stabilize the level of net revenues collected from customers by eliminating the effect of deviations in customer usage caused by variations in weather from normal levels, and other factors such as conservation.


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SCC of VA: The Commonwealth of Virginia State Corporation Commission is a three-member board that regulates Washington Gas’ distribution operations in Virginia.

Sendout: The total amount of gas that flows into Washington Gas' distribution system within a certain interval of time.

Service Area: The region in which Washington Gas operates. The service area includes the District of Columbia, and the surrounding metropolitan areas in Maryland and Virginia.

Steps to Advance Virginia’s Energy Plan (SAVE Plan): An accelerated pipe replacement plan that provides a recovery mechanism for costs of eligible infrastructure replacements in the state of Virginia.

Strategic Infrastructure Development and Enhancement Plan (STRIDE Plan): An accelerated pipe replacement plan that provides a recovery mechanism for reasonable and prudent costs associated with infrastructure replacements in the state of Maryland.
 
Tariffs: Documents approved by the regulatory commission in each jurisdiction that set the prices Washington Gas may charge and the practices it must follow when providing utility service to its customers.

Therm: A natural gas unit of measurement that includes a standard measure for heating value. We report our natural gas sales and deliveries in therms. A therm of gas contains 100,000 British thermal units of heat, or the energy equivalent of burning approximately 100 cubic feet of natural gas under normal conditions. Ten million therms equal approximately one billion cubic feet of natural gas. A dekatherm is 10 therms and is abbreviated Dth.

Third-party Marketer: Unregulated companies that sell natural gas and electricity directly to retail customers. WGL Energy Services, an affiliate of Washington Gas and a wholly owned subsidiary company of Washington Gas Resources Corporation, is a third-party marketer.

Unbundling: The separation of the delivery of natural gas or electricity from the sale of these commodities and
 
related services that, in the past, were provided only by a regulated utility.

Utility Net Revenues: A measure used by the regulated utility which is calculated as operating revenues less the associated cost of gas and applicable revenue taxes. For the regulated utility, the cost of gas associated with sales to customers and revenue taxes are generally pass through amounts.

Weather Normalization Adjustment (WNA): A billing adjustment mechanism in Virginia that is designed to minimize the effect of variations from normal weather on utility net revenues.

WGL: WGL Holdings, Inc. is a holding company that is the parent company of Wrangler SPE LLC, Washington Gas Light Company and other subsidiaries. It is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of AltaGas.

WGL Energy Services: WGL Energy Services, Inc. is a subsidiary of Washington Gas Resources Corporation that sells natural gas and electricity to retail customers on an unregulated basis.

WGL Energy Systems: WGL Energy Systems, Inc. is a subsidiary of Washington Gas Resources Corporation, which provides commercial energy efficient and sustainable solutions to government and commercial clients.

Wrangler 1 LLC: Wrangler 1 LLC is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of AltaGas Ltd. Upon the effectiveness of the Merger, Wrangler 1 LLC owns all the shares of common stock of WGL.

Wrangler SPE LLC (SPE): Wrangler SPE LLC is a bankruptcy remote special purpose entity which owns all the shares of the common stock of Washington Gas. It was established as a wholly owned subsidiary of WGL upon consummation of the Merger with AltaGas.



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Washington Gas Light Company
Part I
Item 1. Business

ITEM 1.  BUSINESS
 
Corporate Overview
Washington Gas has been engaged in the natural gas distribution business since its incorporation by an Act of Congress in 1848. It was incorporated in Virginia in 1953 and in the District of Columbia in 1957. We are a regulated public utility company that sells and delivers natural gas to retail customers in accordance with tariffs approved by regulatory commissions in the District of Columbia and adjoining areas in Maryland, Virginia and several cities and towns in the northern Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Washington Gas promotes the efficient use of clean natural gas to improve the environment for the benefit of customers, investors, employees, and the communities it serves.
Washington Gas is an indirect, majority-owned subsidiary of, among other entities, WGL, a Virginia corporation established on November 1, 2000. Washington Gas sells and delivers natural gas to customers primarily in the District of Columbia and the surrounding metropolitan areas in Maryland and Virginia.
On January 25, 2017, WGL entered into a Merger Agreement to combine with AltaGas Ltd., a Canadian corporation (AltaGas). The merger was consummated on July 6, 2018 between AltaGas, WGL, and Wrangler Inc. (Merger Sub), a newly formed indirect wholly owned subsidiary of AltaGas. The Merger Agreement provided for the merger of the Merger Sub with and into WGL, with WGL surviving as an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of AltaGas (the Merger). In connection with the Merger, WGL established Wrangler SPE LLC, a bankruptcy remote special purpose entity (the SPE) for the purposes of owning the common stock of Washington Gas. The SPE is a wholly owned subsidiary of WGL. In addition, WGL owns all of the shares of common stock of Washington Gas Resources Corporation (Washington Gas Resources) and Hampshire Gas Company (Hampshire). Washington Gas Resources owns all of the shares of common stock of four non-utility subsidiaries that include WGL Energy Services, Inc. (WGL Energy Services), WGL Energy Systems, Inc. (WGL Energy Systems), WGL Midstream, Inc. (WGL Midstream) and WGSW, Inc. (WGSW). Additionally, several subsidiaries of WGL own interests in other entities.
For further information on the Merger, see “Safe Harbor and Forward Looking Statements” in the Introduction, Item I. Business, Item 1A. Risk Factors, and Note 18 “Merger with AltaGas Ltd.” of the Notes to Financial Statements in this transition report on Form 10-K.

Products and Services
Washington Gas provides regulated distribution or delivery of natural gas to retail customers under tariff rates designed to provide for a return on and return of the investment used in providing that service. The rates are also designed to provide for recovery of operating expenses and federal and state income taxes incurred in providing that service. Washington Gas also sells natural gas to customers who have not elected to purchase natural gas from unregulated third-party marketers (refer to the section entitled “Natural Gas Unbundling”). Washington Gas recovers the cost of the natural gas purchased to serve firm customers through recovery mechanisms as approved in jurisdictional tariffs. Any difference between gas costs incurred on behalf of firm customers and the gas costs recovered from those customers is deferred on the balance sheet as an amount to be collected from or refunded to customers in future periods. Therefore, increases or decreases in the cost of gas associated with sales made to firm customers have no direct effect on Washington Gas’ net revenues and net income. However, to the extent Washington Gas does not have regulatory mechanisms in place to mitigate the indirect effects of higher gas prices, such as: (i) lower natural gas consumption caused by customer conservation; (ii) increased short-term interest expense to finance a higher natural gas storage and accounts receivable balances and (iii) higher expenses for uncollectible accounts, its net income may decrease.
Washington Gas, under its asset optimization program, makes use of storage and transportation capacity resources when those assets are not required to serve utility customers. The objective of this program is to derive a profit to be shared with its utility customers. These profits are earned by entering into commodity-related physical and financial contracts with third parties (refer to the section entitled “Asset Optimization Derivative Contracts” for further discussion of the asset optimization program). Unless otherwise noted, therm deliveries reported do not include deliveries related to the asset optimization program.
At December 31, 2018, Washington Gas’ service area had a population estimated at 5.9 million and included approximately 2.2 million households and commercial structures. Washington Gas operations are such that the loss of any one customer or group of customers would not have a significant adverse effect on its business. The following table lists the number of active customer meters and therms delivered by jurisdiction as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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Washington Gas Light Company
Part I
Item 1. Business (continued)

Active Customer Meters and Therms Delivered by Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction
Active Customer
Meters as of
  December 31, 2018  
 
Millions of Therms
Delivered
Year Ended
  December 31, 2018  
 
Active Customer
Meters as of
  December 31, 2017   
 
Millions of Therms
Delivered
Year Ended
   December 31, 2017  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
District of Columbia
164,509

 
305.7

 
162,683

 
279.6

Maryland
488,844

 
918.4

 
480,913

 
776.5

Virginia
531,477

 
693.2

 
525,698

 
589.1

Total
1,184,830

 
1,917.3

 
1,169,294

 
1,645.2

For additional information about gas deliveries and meter statistics, refer to the section entitled “Results of Operations” in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations" (Management’s Discussion and Analysis) for Washington Gas.
Regulatory Environment
Washington Gas is regulated by the PSC of DC, the PSC of MD and the SCC of VA which approve its terms of service and the billing rates that it charges to its customers. The rates charged to utility customers are designed to recover Washington Gas’ operating expenses and natural gas commodity costs and to provide a return on its investment in the net assets used in its firm gas sales and delivery service. For a discussion of current rates and regulatory matters, refer to the section entitled “Rates and Regulatory Matters” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis for Washington Gas.
District of Columbia Jurisdiction
The PSC of DC consists of three full-time members who are appointed by the Mayor with the advice and consent of the District of Columbia City Council. The term of each commissioner is four years with no limit on the number of terms that can be served. The PSC of DC has no time limitation within which it must make decisions regarding modifications to base rates charged by Washington Gas to its customers; however, it targets resolving pending rate cases within three months of the close of record.
Maryland Jurisdiction
The PSC of MD consists of five full-time members who are appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Senate of Maryland. Each commissioner is appointed to a five-year term, with no limit on the number of terms that can be served.
When Washington Gas files for a rate increase, the PSC of MD may initially suspend the proposed increase for 180 days, and then has the option to extend the suspension for an additional 30 days. If action has not been taken after 210 days, the requested rates become effective subject to refund.
Virginia Jurisdiction
The SCC of VA consists of three full-time members who are elected by the General Assembly of Virginia. Each commissioner has a six-year term with no limit on the number of terms that can be served.
Either of two methods may be used to request a modification of existing rates. Washington Gas may file an application for a general rate increase, in which it may propose new adjustments to the cost of service that are different from those previously approved for Washington Gas by the SCC of VA, as well as a revised return on equity. The proposed rates under this process may take effect 150 days after the filing, subject to refund pending the outcome of the SCC of VA’s action on the application.
Alternatively, an expedited rate case procedure allows proposed rate increases to be effective 30 days after the filing date, subject to refund. Under this procedure, Washington Gas may not propose new adjustments for issues not approved in its last general rate case or request a change in its authorized return on common equity. Once filed, other parties may propose new adjustments or a change in the cost of capital from the level authorized in its last general rate case. The expedited rate case procedure may not be available if the SCC of VA decides that there has been a substantial change in circumstances since the last general rate case filed by Washington Gas.
Seasonality of Business Operations

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Washington Gas Light Company
Part I
Item 1. Business (continued)

Washington Gas’ business is weather-sensitive and seasonal because the majority of its business is derived from residential and small commercial customers who use natural gas for space heating. Excluding deliveries for electric generation, 75% and 73% of the total therms delivered in Washington Gas’ service area occurred during its first and fourth quarters for calendar years 2018 and 2017, respectively. Washington Gas’ earnings are typically generated during these two quarters, and Washington Gas typically incurs net losses in the second and third quarters. The seasonal nature of the business creates large variations in short-term cash requirements, primarily due to the season-to-season fluctuations in the level of customer accounts receivable, unbilled revenues and storage gas inventories. Washington Gas finances these seasonal requirements primarily through the sale of commercial paper backed by a revolving credit facility. For information on our management of weather risk, refer to the section entitled “Weather Risk” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis. For information about management of cash requirements, refer to the section entitled “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis.
Non-Weather Related Changes in Natural Gas Consumption Patterns
Natural gas supply requirements for the utility are affected by changes in the natural gas consumption patterns of our customers that are driven by factors other than weather. Natural gas usage per customer may decline as customers change their consumption patterns for various reasons, including: (i) more volatile and higher natural gas prices; (ii) customer upgrades to more energy efficient appliances and building structures and (iii) a decline in the economy in the region in which we operate.
For each jurisdiction in which Washington Gas operates, changes in customer usage profiles are reflected in rate case proceedings and rates are adjusted accordingly. Changes in customer usage by existing customers that occur subsequent to rate case proceedings in Maryland generally will not change revenues because the RNA mechanism stabilizes the level of delivery charge revenues received from customers.
In Virginia, decoupling rate mechanisms for residential, small commercial and industrial and group metered apartment customers permit Washington Gas to adjust revenues for non-weather related changes in customer usage. The WNA and the CRA are billing mechanisms that together eliminate the effects of both weather and other factors such as conservation.
In the District of Columbia, a decrease in customer usage that occurs subsequent to a rate case proceeding would have the effect of reducing revenues, which could be offset by additions of new customers.
Natural Gas Supply and Capacity
Capacity and Supply Requirements
Washington Gas must contract for reliable and adequate natural gas supplies, interstate pipeline capacity and storage capacity to provide natural gas to its distribution system, while considering: (i) the dynamics of the commodity supply and interstate pipeline and storage capacity markets; (ii) its own on-system natural gas peaking facilities and (iii) the characteristics of its customer base. Energy-marketing companies that sell natural gas to customers located within Washington Gas’ service territory are responsible for acquiring natural gas for their customers; however, Washington Gas allocates certain storage and pipeline capacity related to these customers in accordance with regulatory requirements.
Washington Gas has adopted a diversified portfolio approach designed to address constraints on supply by using multiple supply receipt points, dependable interstate pipeline transportation and storage arrangements, and its own substantial storage and peak shaving capabilities. Washington Gas’ supply and pipeline capacity plan is based on forecasted system requirements, and takes into account estimated load growth, attrition, conservation, geographic location, interstate pipeline and storage capacity and contractual limitations and the forecasted movement of customers between bundled service and delivery service. Under reduced supply conditions, Washington Gas may implement contingency plans in order to maximize the number of customers served. Contingency plans include requests to the general population to conserve and target curtailments to specific sections of the system, consistent with curtailment tariffs approved by regulators in each of Washington Gas’ three jurisdictions.
Washington Gas obtains natural gas supplies that originate from multiple regions throughout the United States. At December 31, 2018, Washington Gas had multiple service agreements with four pipeline companies that provides firm transportation and/or storage services directly to Washington Gas’ city gates. These contracts have expiration dates ranging from calendar years 2019 to 2044. Additionally, Washington Gas has contracted with various interstate pipeline and storage companies to add to its storage and transportation capacity and continues to monitor other opportunities to acquire or participate in additional pipeline and storage capacity to support customer growth and improve or maintain the high level of service expected by its customer base.
Asset Optimization Derivative Contracts

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Washington Gas Light Company
Part I
Item 1. Business (continued)

Under the asset optimization program, Washington Gas utilizes its storage and transportation capacity resources when they are not being used to serve its utility customers. Washington Gas executes commodity-related physical and financial contracts in the form of forwards, futures and options as part of an asset optimization program that is managed by its internal staff. These transactions are accounted for as derivatives. The objective of this program is to derive a profit to be shared with Washington Gas' utility customers. Washington Gas enters into these derivative transaction contracts to secure operating margins that will ultimately be shared between customers and Washington Gas. Because these sharing mechanisms are approved by our regulators in all three jurisdictions, any changes in fair value of the derivatives are recorded either through earnings for margins that are retained by Washington Gas or as regulatory assets or liabilities if the ultimate realized gains and losses will be included in the rates charged to customers.
The derivatives used under this program are subject to fair value accounting treatment which may cause significant period-to-period volatility in earnings from unrealized gains and losses associated with changes in fair value for the portion of net profits attributed to shareholders. However, this earnings volatility does not change the realized margins that Washington Gas expects to earn from these transactions. All physically and financially settled contracts under our asset optimization program are reported on a net basis in the statements of income in “Utility cost of gas.” Total net margins including unrealized gains and losses recorded to “Utility cost of gas” after sharing and management fees associated with all asset optimization transactions for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, were net gains of $1.1 million, $34.3 million, $82.9 million, and $43.8 million.
Refer to the sections entitled “Results of Operations — Regulated Utility Operating Results” and “Market Risk” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis for further discussion of the asset optimization program and its effect on earnings.
Annual Sendout
As reflected in the table below, Washington Gas received natural gas from multiple sources in calendar year 2018 and expects to use those same sources to satisfy customer demand in calendar year 2019. Firm transportation denotes gas transported directly to the entry point of Washington Gas’ distribution system in contractual volumes. Transportation storage denotes volumes stored by a pipeline during the spring, summer and fall for withdrawal and delivery to the Washington Gas distribution system during the winter heating season to meet load requirements. Peak load requirements are met by: (i) underground natural gas storage at the Hampshire storage field; (ii) the local production of propane air plants located at Washington Gas-owned facilities in Rockville, Maryland (Rockville Station) and in Springfield, Virginia (Ravensworth Station) and (iii) other peak-shaving resources. Unregulated third-party marketers acquire interstate pipeline and storage capacity and the natural gas commodity on behalf of Washington Gas’ delivery service customers under customer choice programs. Washington Gas also provides transportation, storage and peaking resources to unregulated third-party marketers (refer to the section entitled “Natural Gas Unbundling”). These retail marketers have natural gas delivered to the entry point of Washington Gas’ distribution system on behalf of those utility customers that have decided to acquire their natural gas commodity on an unbundled basis, as discussed below.
Excluding the sendout of sales and deliveries of natural gas used for electric generation, the following table outlines total sendout of the system. The sources of delivery and related volumes that were used to satisfy the requirements of calendar year 2018 and those projected for calendar year 2019 are shown in the following table.
 
Methods of Delivery of Annual Sendout
(In millions of therms)
Fiscal Year
 
Calendar Year
Sources of Delivery
Actual
2017 
 
Actual
 2018 
 
  Projected  
2019
Firm Transportation
513

 
700

 
594

Transportation Storage
398

 
476

 
422

Hampshire Storage, Company-Owned Propane-Air Plants, and other Peak-Shaving Resources
29

 
37

 
30

Unregulated Third-Party Marketers
783

 
805

 
845

Total
1,723

 
2,018

 
1,891

Design Day Sendout
The effectiveness of Washington Gas’ capacity resource plan is largely dependent on the sources used to satisfy forecasted and actual customer demand requirements for its design day. For planning purposes, Washington Gas assumes that all

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Washington Gas Light Company
Part I
Item 1. Business (continued)

interruptible customers will be curtailed on the design day. Washington Gas’ forecasted design day demand for calendar year 2019 is 19.9 million therms and Washington Gas’ projected sources of delivery for design day sendout is 21.0 million therms. This provides a reserve margin of approximately 5.3%. Washington Gas plans for the optimal utilization of its storage and peaking capacity to reduce its dependency on firm transportation and to lower pipeline capacity costs. The following table reflects the sources of delivery that are projected to be used to satisfy the forecasted design day sendout estimate for calendar year 2019.
Projected Sources of Delivery for Design Day Sendout
(In millions of therms)
Calendar Year 2019
Sources of Delivery
Volumes
 
Percent    
Firm Transportation
6.8

 
32
%
Transportation Storage
8.5

 
41
%
Hampshire Storage, Company-Owned Propane-Air Plants and other Peak-Shaving Resources
5.5

 
26
%
Unregulated Third-Party Marketers
0.2

 
1
%
Total
21.0

 
100
%
Natural Gas Unbundling
At December 31, 2018, customer choice programs for natural gas customers were available to all of Washington Gas’ regulated utility customers in the District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia. These programs allow customers to purchase their natural gas from unregulated third-party marketers, rather than purchasing this commodity as part of a bundled service from the local utility. Of Washington Gas’ 1.2 million active customers at December 31, 2018, approximately 175,000 customers purchased their natural gas commodity from unregulated third-party marketers.
The following table provides the percentage of customers participating in customer choice programs in Washington Gas’ jurisdictions at December 31, 2018.
Participation in Customer Choice Programs
At December 31, 2018
Jurisdiction
Customer Class  
Eligible Customers
 
 
Total      
 
% Participating  
  District of Columbia
Firm:
 
 
 
 
Residential
151,366

 
9
%
 
Commercial
12,999

 
34
%
 
Interruptible
144

 
99
%
Maryland
Firm:
 
 
 
 
Residential
457,171

 
19
%
 
Commercial
31,500

 
42
%
 
Interruptible
171

 
99
%
 
Electric Generation
2

 
100
%
Virginia
Firm:
 
 
 
 
Residential
501,358

 
10
%
 
Commercial
29,959

 
31
%
 
Interruptible
160

 
96
%
Total
 
1,184,830

 
 
When customers choose to purchase the natural gas commodity from unregulated third-party marketers, Washington Gas’ net income is not affected because Washington Gas charges its customers the cost of gas without any mark-up. When customers select an unregulated third-party marketer as their gas supplier, Washington Gas continues to charge these customers to deliver natural gas through its distribution system at rates identical to the delivery portion of the bundled sales service customers.

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Washington Gas Light Company
Part I
Item 1. Business (continued)

Safety and Reliability of the Natural Gas Distribution System
Maintaining and improving the public safety and reliability of Washington Gas’ distribution system is our highest priority, providing benefits to both customers and investors through improved customer service. Washington Gas continually monitors and reviews changes in requirements of the codes and regulations that govern the operation of the distribution system and refines its safety practices, with a particular focus on design, construction, maintenance, operation, replacement, inspection and monitoring practices to meet or exceed these requirements. Significant changes in regulations can impact the cost of operating and maintaining our distribution system.
Competition
The Natural Gas Delivery Function
The natural gas delivery function, the core business of Washington Gas, continues to be regulated by local and state regulatory commissions. In developing this core business, Washington Gas has approximately $4 billion of invested assets at December 31, 2018, to build and serve customers through safe and reliable distribution system assets. Because of the high fixed costs and significant safety and environmental considerations associated with building and operating a distribution system, Washington Gas expects to continue being the only owner and operator of a distribution system in its current franchise areas for the foreseeable future. The nature of Washington Gas’ customer base and the distance of most customers from interstate pipelines mitigate the threat of bypass of its facilities by other potential delivery service providers.
Competition with Other Energy Products
Washington Gas faces competition based on customers’ preference for other energy products and the prices of those products compared to natural gas. In the residential market, which generates a significant portion of Washington Gas’ net income, the most significant product competition occurs between natural gas and electricity. Because the cost of electricity is affected by the cost of fuel used to generate electricity, such as natural gas, Washington Gas generally maintains a price advantage over competitive electricity supply in its service area for traditional residential uses of energy such as heating, water heating and cooking. Washington Gas continues to attract the majority of the new residential construction market in its service territory, and consumers’ continuing preference for natural gas allows Washington Gas to maintain a strong market presence. The following table lists the new customer meters added by jurisdiction and major rate class for the calendar year ended December 31, 2018.
New Customer Meters by Area
  
 
Residential
 
 
Commercial and
Interruptible
 
Group Metered
Apartments
 
Total      
Maryland
 
5,570

 
382

 

 
5,952

Virginia
 
4,960

 
340

 
1

 
5,301

District of Columbia
 
614

 
107

 
1

 
722

Total
 
11,144

 
829

 
2

 
11,975

In the interruptible market, fuel oil is the prevalent energy alternative to natural gas. Washington Gas’ success in this market depends largely on the relationship between natural gas and oil prices. The supply of natural gas primarily is derived from domestic sources, and the relationship between supply and demand generally has the greatest impact on natural gas prices. Since the source of a large portion of oil comes from foreign countries, political events and foreign currency conversion rates can influence oil supplies and prices to domestic consumers.
Critical Factors
Factors critical to the success of the regulated utility segment include: (i) operating a safe and reliable natural gas distribution system; (ii) having sufficient natural gas supplies to meet customer demands; (iii) being competitive with other sources of energy such as electricity, fuel oil and propane; (iv) having access to sources of liquidity; (v) recovering the costs and expenses of this business in the rates charged to customers and (vi) earning a fair, just and reasonable rate of return on invested capital.

Environmental Matters
We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations related to environmental matters. These laws and regulations may require expenditures over a long time frame to control environmental effects. Most of the environmental liabilities we have recorded are for costs expected to be incurred to remediate sites where we or a predecessor affiliate operated manufactured gas

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Washington Gas Light Company
Part I
Item 1. Business (continued)

plants (MGPs). Estimates of liabilities for environmental response costs are difficult to determine with precision because of the various factors that can affect their ultimate level. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following:
the complexity of the site;
changes in environmental laws and regulations at the federal, state and local levels;
the number of regulatory agencies or other parties involved;
new technology that renders previous technology obsolete or experience with existing technology that proves ineffective;
the level of remediation required and
variation between the estimated and actual period of time required to respond to an environmentally contaminated site.
Washington Gas has identified up to ten sites where it or its predecessors may have operated MGPs. Washington Gas last used any such plant in 1984. In connection with these operations, we are aware that coal tar and certain other by-products of the gas manufacturing process are present at or near some former sites and may be present at others.
Washington Gas is currently remediating its East Station property, which is adjacent to the Anacostia River, including ground water pump and treat, tar recovery, soil encapsulation and other treatment. Washington Gas is conducting a remedial investigation and feasibility study under a 2012 consent decree with the District of Columbia and the federal government and additional remediation may be required. In addition, manufactured gas waste was discovered at an adjoining property, a parcel of land adjacent to East Station. Washington Gas has agreed to work with the owners of the adjoining property to perform a site investigation, ground water sampling, and report on the contamination at the site pursuant to oversight by Department of Energy and Environment (DOEE).
Washington Gas received a letter in February 2016 from the District of Columbia and National Park Service regarding the Anacostia River Sediment Project, indicating that the District of Columbia is conducting a separate remedial investigation and feasibility study of the river to determine if and what cleanup measures may be required and to prepare a natural resource damage assessment. The sediment project draft remedial investigation report issued on March 30, 2018 identifies East Station as one of seventeen potential environmental cleanup sites. We are not able to estimate the total amount of potential damages or timing associated with the District of Columbia's environmental investigation on the Anacostia River at this time. While an allocation method has not been established, Washington Gas has accrued an amount based on a potential range of estimates for the feasibility study costs.
See Note 11 —Environmental Matters of the Notes to Financial Statements for further discussion of environmental response costs.
Other Information
At December 31, 2018, we had 1,549 employees.
Washington Gas has determined that it will not be classified as a swap dealer or major swap participant under the Dodd-Frank Act.
The following documentation is available on the Web site for Washington Gas (www.washingtongas.com) under “Corporate Information”/“Governance”: our code of conduct, the AltaGas Code of Business Ethics, the Washington Gas Corporate Governance Guidelines, and the Charters for the Governance & Environment, Health and Safety, Audit and Human Resources Committees of Washington Gas. Any changes or amendments to these documents will also be posted to this section of the Washington Gas Web site.
Copies of any of the aforementioned documents may be obtained by request to the Corporate Secretary at Washington Gas, 1000 Maine Ave., S.W., Washington, D.C. 20024. Also on the Washington Gas corporate Web site is additional information about Washington Gas and access to our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Our research and development costs during the transition period ended December 31, 2018 and fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were not material.


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Washington Gas Light Company
Part I
Item 1A. Risk Factors

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
 
The risk factors described below should be read in conjunction with other information included or incorporated by reference in this transition report on Form 10-K, including an in-depth discussion of these risks in the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

The merger of WGL with AltaGas may not achieve its anticipated results, and WGL, including Washington Gas, may be unable to integrate the operations of AltaGas in the manner expected.

WGL and AltaGas entered into the Merger Agreement expecting that the Merger will result in various benefits, including, among other things, cost savings and operating efficiencies. Achieving the anticipated benefits of the Merger is subject to a number of uncertainties, including whether the businesses of WGL and AltaGas can be integrated in an efficient, effective and timely manner. The combination of two independent businesses is complex, costly, and time-consuming; and may divert significant management attention and resources, including those of Washington Gas, to combining WGL’s and AltaGas’ business practices and operations, which could otherwise have been devoted to business opportunities of WGL and, specifically, Washington Gas. This process may disrupt Washington Gas’ business.

In addition, it is possible that the integration process could take longer than anticipated and could result in the disruption of Washington Gas’ business, processes, and systems; or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures, practices, and policies, any of which could adversely affect the combined company’s ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of the Merger as and when expected. The overall combination of WGL’s and AltaGas’ businesses may also result in material unanticipated problems, expenses, liabilities, competitive responses, and loss of customer and other business relationships. Failure to achieve these anticipated benefits or the incurrence of unanticipated expenses and liabilities could materially adversely affect Washington Gas’ business, financial condition, operating results and prospects, as well as that of the combined company.

Uncertainties associated with the Merger may cause a loss of management personnel and other key employees, which could adversely affect the future business and operations of the combined company.

Washington Gas is dependent on the experience and industry knowledge of its officers and other key employees to execute its business plans. The success of the combined company post-Merger will depend in part upon Washington Gas’ ability to retain key management personnel and other key employees. Current and prospective employees of Washington Gas may experience uncertainty about their future roles with the combined company, which may materially adversely affect the ability of Washington Gas to retain and attract key personnel going forward. Washington Gas may also have difficulty addressing possible differences in corporate cultures and management philosophies. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the combined company will be able to retain key management personnel and other key employees of Washington Gas, which could materially adversely affect Washington Gas’ business, financial condition, operating results and prospects.

Washington Gas may incur unexpected costs in connection with the Merger.

Washington Gas expects to incur a number of non-recurring expenses associated with and following consummation of the Merger, as well as expenses related to combining the operations of the two companies. Washington Gas may incur additional unanticipated costs in the integration of the businesses of Washington Gas and AltaGas. Although Washington Gas expects that the elimination of certain duplicative costs, as well as the realization of other efficiencies related to the integration of the two businesses, will offset the incremental transaction and Merger-related costs over time, the combined company may not achieve this net benefit in the near term, or at all.

Washington Gas may encounter unexpected difficulties or costs in meeting commitments made under various orders and agreements associated with regulatory approvals for the Merger.

As a result of the process to obtain regulatory approvals required for the Merger, Washington Gas is committed to various programs, contributions and investments in several agreements and regulatory approval orders. It is possible that Washington Gas may encounter delays, unexpected difficulties or additional costs in meeting these commitments in compliance with the terms of the relevant agreements and orders. Failure to fulfill the commitments in accordance with their terms could result in increased costs or result in penalties or fines that could materially adversely affect Washington Gas’ business, financial condition, operating results and prospects.

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Washington Gas Light Company
Part I
Item 1A. Risk Factors (continued)



As an indirect, majority-owned subsidiary of AltaGas, Washington Gas is dependent on AltaGas for certain services under a services agreement. Loss of such services, if any, could have a material impact on Washington Gas’ business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Washington Gas receives general corporate services from AltaGas under a service agreement approved by the SCC of VA. Under the agreement, Washington Gas relies on AltaGas for certain administrative and management functions and services, including human resources, employee benefits, finance, legal, accounting, tax, information technology, and office services. Should AltaGas not be able to provide such services to Washington Gas for any reason, Washington Gas will need to utilize its own resources for such services or otherwise find a substitute provider for such services. Washington Gas, however, may not have sufficient internal resources to effectively provide such services or may not be able to contract with a substitute service provider on similar terms or at all.  Moreover, the costs of obtaining a substitute service provider, if found, may also be substantial and overly burdensome for Washington Gas. Washington Gas may also experience an interruption in the provision of such services to it.  In addition, in light of AltaGas' familiarity with Washington Gas, a substitute service provider, if any, may not be able to provide the same level of service due to lack of preexisting synergies. If Washington Gas cannot support necessary services from its internal resources or otherwise locate providers that are able to provide it with substantially similar services, Washington Gas’ business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected.

WGL and AltaGas may become targets of securities class action suits and derivative suits, which could result in substantial costs and divert management attention and resources.

Securities class action suits and derivative suits are often brought against companies who have entered into Mergers and acquisition transactions. There can be no assurance that WGL or AltaGas will not be targets of such suits in the future, and no guarantee that WGL or AltaGas can successfully defend against any such actions. Defending against these claims, even if meritless, could result not only in substantial costs to WGL and AltaGas, but could divert the attention of management of Washington Gas.

As an indirect, majority-owned subsidiary of AltaGas, Washington Gas is affected by AltaGas' strategic decisions and performance.

Notwithstanding certain protections provided by the merger-related commitments, as an indirect, majority-owned subsidiary of AltaGas, Washington Gas’ business and operating performance can be affected by a wide range of strategic decisions that AltaGas may make from time to time. Significant changes in AltaGas’ strategy, its relationship with Washington Gas, as well as material adverse changes in the performance of AltaGas, could have a material adverse effect on Washington Gas’ business, financial condition, operating results and prospects.

A downgrade in WGL’s or AltaGas’ credit ratings could negatively affect Washington Gas’ cost of, and ability to access, capital.

Washington Gas’ ability to obtain adequate and cost-effective financing depends in part on its credit ratings and the liquidity of financial markets. A negative change in its ratings outlook or any downgrade in its current investment-grade credit ratings by the rating agencies, particularly below investment grade, could adversely affect Washington Gas’ costs of borrowing and/or access to sources of liquidity and capital. Further, a negative change in AltaGas’ or WGL’s ratings outlooks or any downgrade in their credit ratings could negatively impact Washington Gas’ ratings outlook or downgrade its credit ratings. Such downgrades could limit Washington Gas’ access to the credit markets and increase the costs of borrowing under available credit lines. Should Washington Gas’ credit ratings be downgraded, the interest rates on its borrowings under its existing credit facilities and commercial paper program, as well as on any future public or private debt issuances, could increase. An increase in borrowing costs without the ability to recover these higher costs in the rates charged to Washington Gas’ customers, which would be impacted by the merger-related commitment that prohibits Washington Gas from recovering any incremental financing costs due to a credit downgrade, could adversely affect earnings or cash flows by limiting Washington Gas’ ability to earn its allowed rate of return. Additionally, disruptions in the credit market, including as a result of natural disasters and catastrophic events (including terrorist acts), could adversely affect Washington Gas’ access to sources of liquidity and increase its borrowing costs.

Washington Gas may be unable to access capital or the cost of capital may significantly increase.

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Washington Gas Light Company
Part I
Item 1A. Risk Factors (continued)



Washington Gas’ ability to obtain adequate and cost-effective financing is dependent upon the liquidity of the financial markets, in addition to its credit ratings. Disruptions in the capital and credit markets could adversely affect Washington Gas’ ability to access short-term and long-term capital. Washington Gas’ access to funds under its commercial paper program is dependent on investor demand for its commercial paper. Disruptions and volatility in the global credit markets could limit the demand for Washington Gas’ commercial paper or result in the need to offer higher interest rate to investors, which would result in higher expense and could adversely impact liquidity.

Changes in the regulatory environment or unfavorable rate regulation may restrict or delay Washington Gas’ ability to earn a reasonable rate of return on its capital invested to provide utility service and to recover fully its operating costs.

Washington Gas is regulated by several regulatory commissions and agencies. These regulatory commissions generally have authority over many of the activities of Washington Gas’ business including, but not limited to, the rates it charges to its customers, the amount and type of securities it can issue, the nature of investments it can make, the nature and quality of services it provides, safety standards, collection practices and other matters. These regulators also may modify Washington Gas’ rates to change the level, type and methods that it utilizes to recover its costs, including the costs to acquire, store, transport and deliver natural gas. In addition, the regulatory environment and rate regulation can be affected by new laws and political considerations. Most significantly, we incur both planned and unplanned costs to operate, improve, maintain and repair our operational assets. The amount of these costs may vary from our expectations due to significant unanticipated repairs, maintenance and remediation of our assets, changes in legal and regulatory requirements, natural disasters, terrorism, changes in interest rates of our indebtedness and other events. To the extent these costs are not included in approved rates or tariffs, we seek our recovery through rate cases; however, the regulatory process may be lengthy and costs may be disallowed, causing us to suffer the negative financial effects of costs incurred without the benefit of rate relief. Additionally, the actions of regulatory commissions may restrict or delay Washington Gas’ ability to earn a reasonable rate of return on invested capital.

Washington Gas must acquire additional capacity to deliver natural gas into growth areas and it may not be able to do so in a timely manner.

Washington Gas must acquire additional interstate pipeline transportation or storage capacity and construct transmission and distribution pipe to deliver additional capacity into growth areas on our system. The specific timing of any larger customer additions to our market may not be forecasted with sufficiently long lead time and the availability of these supply options to serve any of our customer additions may be limited by market supply and demand, the timing of Washington Gas’ participation in new interstate pipeline construction projects, local permitting requirements and the ability to acquire necessary rights of way. These limitations could result in an interruption in Washington Gas’ ability to satisfy the needs of some of its customers.

Leaks, mechanical problems, incidents or other operational issues could affect public safety and the reliability of Washington Gas’ distribution system, which could materially affect Washington Gas’ results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Washington Gas’ business is exposed to operational issues, hazards and risks inherent in storing and transporting natural gas that could affect the public safety and reliability of its distribution system. While Washington Gas, with support from each of its regulatory commissions, is accelerating the replacement of aging pipeline infrastructure prioritized on a risk-based approach, potential operating issues remain. These issues such as leaks, equipment problems and incidents, including explosions and fire, could result in legal liability, repair and remediation costs, increased operating costs, significant increased capital expenditures, regulatory fines and penalties and other costs and a loss of customer confidence. Any liabilities resulting from the occurrence of these events may not be fully covered by insurance, and Washington Gas may be unable to recover from customers through the regulatory process all of these repair, remediation and other costs and earn its authorized rate of return on these costs.

Washington Gas has implemented preventive and remedial measures to address increased leak rates in its distribution system caused by an increase in the volume of natural gas containing low concentration of HHCs received from its suppliers.  These measures include the injection of hexane to increase the concentration of HHCs and the implementation of pipe replacement programs.  If Washington Gas were unable to inject hexane into its natural gas supply due to limited availability of hexane, equipment or operational problems, or damage to our facilities at which hexane is injected, our leak rates could increase, which

18


Washington Gas Light Company
Part I
Item 1A. Risk Factors (continued)


would exacerbate the risks discussed herein.  In addition, Washington Gas’ ability to continue to recover the cost of these preventive and remedial measures and to earn its authorized rate of return on these costs is subject to the regulatory process.

Current and future environmental regulations may adversely affect Washington Gas’ operations and financial results.

Washington Gas is subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations related to environmental matters. These evolving laws and regulations may require expenditures over a long timeframe. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may expose Washington Gas to fines, penalties and operational interruptions that could adversely affect its financial results. Moreover, new environmental requirements, revisions and reinterpretations of existing environmental requirements and changes in environmental enforcement policies and practices may stretch Washington Gas’ operational resources and adversely affect its financial results.

In the past, the United States Congress has considered legislative proposals to limit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Also, the District of Columbia has made a pledge to be carbon-neutral by 2050. Future proposals to limit GHG emissions could adversely affect our operating and service costs and demand for our product. Should future proposals become law, operating and service costs may increase and demand for our product could decrease, and utility costs and prices charged to utility customers may increase, which would adversely affect our financial results.

Changes in the relative prices of alternative forms of energy may weaken the competitive position of Washington Gas’ delivery service, which could reduce growth in natural gas customers, reduce the volume of natural gas delivered and negatively affect Washington Gas’ cash flows and earnings.

The price of natural gas delivery service that Washington Gas provides competes with the price of other forms of energy such as electricity, heating oil and propane. An increase in the price of natural gas compared to other sources of energy may cause the competitive position of our natural gas delivery service to decline. A decline in the competitive position of natural gas service may lead to fewer natural gas customers, lower volumes of natural gas delivered, lower cash flows and lower earnings.

A decline in the local economy in which Washington Gas operates may reduce net revenue growth and reduce future earnings and cash flows.

Substantially all of our natural gas utility customers are located in Virginia, Maryland and the District of Columbia. A general decline in the economy of the region in which Washington Gas operates or a change in the usage patterns and financial condition of customers in the region due to factors beyond Washington Gas' control, such as the recent federal government shutdown, might adversely affect Washington Gas’ ability to grow its customer base and collect revenues from existing customers, which may negatively affect net revenue growth and increase costs.

Washington Gas’ business and financial condition could be adversely impacted by strikes or work stoppages by its unionized employees.

Washington Gas’ business is dependent upon employees who are represented by unions and are covered by collective bargaining agreements. Disputes with the unions could result in work stoppages that could impact the delivery of natural gas and other services, which could affect our relationships with customers, vendors and regulators and adversely affect Washington Gas’ business and financial condition.

The availability of adequate pipeline transportation capacity and natural gas supply may decrease.

We purchase almost all of our natural gas supply from sources that must then be transported to our service territory. In particular, while the Marcellus Shale region is rapidly developing as a premier gas formation, the interstate pipeline transportation capacity may limit the availability of gas from the Marcellus Shale region in the near term. A significant disruption to or reduction in pipeline capacity due to events such as operational failures or disruptions, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, freeze off of natural gas wells, terrorist or cyber-attacks or other acts of war, or legislative or regulatory actions or requirements, including remediation related to integrity inspections, could reduce our normal supply of gas, which may affect our ability to serve customer demand and may reduce our earnings.


19


Washington Gas Light Company
Part I
Item 1A. Risk Factors (continued)


The cost of providing retirement plan benefits to eligible current and former employees is subject to changes in the performance of investments, demographics, and other factors and assumptions. These changes may have a material adverse effect on us.

The cost of providing retirement plan benefits to eligible current and former employees is subject to changes in the market value of our retirement plan assets, changing bond yields, changing demographics and changing assumptions. Any sustained declines in equity markets, reductions in bond yields, increases in health care cost trends, or increases in life expectancy of beneficiaries may have an adverse effect on our retirement plan liabilities assets and benefit costs. Additionally, we may be required to increase our contributions in future periods in order to preserve the current level of benefits under the plans and/or due to federal funding requirements.

Changes to government fiscal and trade policies could adversely affect Washington Gas’ strategic decisions and operating performance.

Any changes in the US trade policy could trigger retaliatory actions by affected companies resulting in increased costs for goods used in our normal course of business, such as steel pipe.  

Cyber-attacks, including cyber-terrorism or other information technology security breaches, or information technology failures may disrupt our business operations, increase our costs, lead to the disclosure of confidential information, and damage our reputation.

Security breaches of our information technology infrastructure, including cyber-attacks and cyber-terrorism, or other failures of our information technology infrastructure could lead to disruptions of our natural gas distribution operations and otherwise adversely impact our ability to safely and effectively operate our pipeline and serve our customers. In addition, an attack on or failure of our information technology systems could result in the unauthorized release of customer, employee or Company data that is crucial to our operational security or could adversely affect our ability to deliver and collect on customer bills. Such security breaches of our information technology infrastructure could adversely affect our business reputation, diminish customer confidence, subject us to financial liability or increased regulation, increase our costs and expose us to material legal claims and liability and adversely affect our operations and financial results. We have implemented preventive, detective, and remediation measures to manage these risks, and we maintain cyber risk insurance to mitigate the effects of these events. Nevertheless, these may not effectively protect all of our systems all the time. To the extent that the occurrence of any of these cyber-events is not fully insured, it could adversely affect Washington Gas’ financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to meet our customers’ requirements may be impaired if contracted supply is not available, if supplies are not delivered in a timely manner, if we lose key suppliers or if we are not able to obtain additional supplies during significant spikes in demand.

Washington Gas must acquire adequate natural gas supply and pipeline and storage capacity to meet current and future customers’ annual and seasonal natural gas requirements. We depend on the ability of natural gas producers, pipeline gatherers, natural gas processors, and interstate pipelines to meet these requirements. If we are unable to secure adequate supplies in a timely manner because of a failure of our suppliers to deliver the contracted commodity, capacity or storage, if we are unable to secure additional quantities during significant abnormal weather conditions, or if Washington Gas' interruptible customers fail to comply with requests to curtail their gas usage during periods of sustained cold weather, we may be unable to meet our customers’ requirements. Such inability could result in defaults under contracts with customers, penalties and financial damage payments, costs relating to procedures to recover from a disruption of service, the loss of key licenses and operating authorities, and the loss of customers, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

Natural disasters and catastrophic events, including terrorist acts, may adversely affect our business.

Natural disasters and catastrophic events such as fires, earthquakes, explosions, floods, tornados, terrorist acts, and other similar occurrences, could damage our operational assets, including our utility facilities, and information technology infrastructure. Such events could likewise damage the operational assets of our suppliers or customers. These events could disrupt our ability to meet customer requirements, significantly increase our response costs, and significantly decrease our revenues. Unanticipated events or a combination of events, failure in resources needed to respond to events, or a slow or inadequate response to events may have an adverse impact on our operations, financial condition, and results of operations. The

20


Washington Gas Light Company
Part I
Item 1A. Risk Factors (continued)


availability of insurance covering catastrophic events, sabotage and terrorism may be limited or may result in higher deductibles, higher premiums, and more restrictive policy terms that could adversely affect Washington Gas' financial condition and results of operations.

We are exposed to counterparty and contract-related risks that could adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

We may extend credit to counterparties, including other utilities, holding companies, banks, gas exploration and production companies, government-backed utilities and other participants in the energy industry relating to the sale, purchase and delivery of commodity. Although we believe we have prudent policies in place to manage our credit risk, including credit policies, netting arrangements and margining provisions incorporated in contractual agreements, we may not be able to collect amounts owed to us, which could adversely affect our liquidity and results of operations.

In addition, we enter into agreements with counterparties relating to the sale, purchase and delivery of commodity, transportation capacity and other matters.  Our decisions to enter these agreements are based on our expectations about the ongoing viability of our counterparties, assumptions and expectations underlying pricing terms and conditions, and commercial terms and other matters.  These expectations may prove to be incorrect or our counterparties may dispute key terms of our agreements in ways that we do not anticipate.  Such developments could result in our incurring losses or otherwise not achieving anticipated financial returns, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.  

Our risk management strategies and related hedging activities may not be effective in managing risks and may cause increased volatility in our earnings and may result in costs and losses for which rate recovery may be disallowed.

We are exposed to commodity price, weather, and interest rate risks. For gas purchases to serve utility customers, Washington Gas attempts to manage its exposure to these risks, in part, through regulatory recovery mechanisms. In addition, we attempt to mitigate risks by hedging, setting risk limits and employing other risk management tools and procedures. These risk management activities may not be effective and cannot eliminate these risks in their entirety. If these tools and procedures are ineffective, we could incur significant losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results and liquidity. In addition, although Washington Gas generally anticipates rate recovery of its costs or losses incurred in connection with these risk management activities, a regulator could subsequently disallow these costs or losses from the determination of revenues, which could adversely affect our financial results and increase the volatility of our earnings.

Rules implementing the derivatives transaction provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act could have an adverse impact on our ability to hedge risks associated with our business.

The Dodd-Frank Act regulates derivatives transactions, which include certain instruments, such as interest rate swaps, and commodity options, financial and other contracts, used in our risk management activities. The Dodd-Frank Act requires that a registered clearing facility clear most swaps and that the swaps trade on a designated exchange or swap execution facility, with certain exceptions for entities that use swaps to hedge or mitigate commercial risk. The Dodd-Frank requirements relating to derivative transactions have not been fully implemented by the SEC and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. When fully implemented, the law and any new regulations could increase the operational and transactional cost of derivatives contracts and affect the number and/or creditworthiness of available counterparties.

In addition, we may transact with counterparties based in the European Union, Canada, or other jurisdictions which, like the U.S., are in the process of implementing regulations to regulate derivatives transactions, some of which are currently in effect and may impose costs on our derivatives activities.

Our business, earnings and cash requirements are highly weather sensitive and seasonal.

The earnings of Washington Gas can vary from year to year depending, in part, on weather conditions. Warmer-than-normal weather can reduce our utility margins as customer consumption declines. In Maryland and Virginia, we have in place regulatory mechanisms and rate designs intended to stabilize the level of net revenues that we collect from customers by eliminating the effect of deviations in customer usage caused by variations in weather from normal levels, and other factors such as conservation. If our rates and tariffs are modified to eliminate these provisions, then we would be exposed to significant

21


Washington Gas Light Company
Part I
Item 1A. Risk Factors (continued)


risk associated with weather. Weather can also impact our operating costs related to system maintenance which is not covered by regulatory mechanisms.

Washington Gas may face regulatory and financial risks related to pipeline safety legislation.

A number of proposals to require increased oversight over pipeline operations and increased investment in and inspections of pipeline facilities are pending or have previously been proposed in the United States Congress. Additional operating expenses and capital expenditures may be necessary to remain in compliance with the increased federal oversight resulting from such proposals. While we cannot predict with certainty the extent of these expenses and expenditures or when they will become effective, the adoption of such proposals could result in significant additional costs to Washington Gas’ business. Washington Gas may be unable to recover from customers through the regulatory process all or some of these costs and may be unable to earn its authorized rate of return on these costs.

Failure of our service providers could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Certain of our information technology, customer service, supply chain, pipeline and infrastructure installation and maintenance, engineering, payroll, and human resources functions that we rely on are provided by third-party vendors. Some of these services may be provided by vendors from centers located outside of the United States. Services provided pursuant to these agreements could be disrupted due to events and circumstances beyond our control. Our reliance on these service providers could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The Tax Act could adversely affect WGL.

On December 22, 2017, President Trump signed into law the Tax Act, which significantly reforms the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. While Washington Gas has assessed and implemented the impacts of the Tax Act on it, it remains unknown at this time how the Treasury Department may interpret certain provisions of the Tax Act. These interpretations could have a negative impact on the results of operations, cash flows and financial condition of Washington Gas.

The Tax Act may impact Washington Gas’ ability to use its net operating loss (NOL) carry forwards.

The Tax Act includes a limitation on the utilization of net operating losses beginning October 1, 2018 to 80% of current year taxable income and eliminates any NOL carrybacks. Such net operating losses have an unlimited carryforward. These provisions may affect the timing of the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards and investment tax credit carryforwards.

22

Washington Gas Light Company
Part I



ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
 
None.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
 
At December 31, 2018, Washington Gas provided services in various areas of the District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia, and held certificates of convenience and necessity, licenses and permits necessary to maintain and operate its properties and businesses.
At December 31, 2018, Washington Gas had approximately 578 miles of transmission mains, 13,210 miles of distribution mains and 12,841 miles of distribution services.
Washington Gas owns approximately 20 acres of land and two buildings at 6801 and 6803 Industrial Road in Springfield, Virginia. The Springfield site houses both operating and certain administrative functions of the utility. Washington Gas also holds title to land and buildings used as substations for its utility operations. Washington Gas holds title to land and buildings used for utility operational functions, such as gate stations or substations throughout its service territory in the District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia.
Washington Gas also has peak shaving facilities in Springfield, Virginia (Ravensworth Plant) and Rockville, Maryland (Rockville Plant). 
Facilities utilized by our corporate headquarters are located in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas and are leased.
The Mortgage of Washington Gas dated January 1, 1933 (Mortgage), as supplemented and amended, securing any First Mortgage Bonds (FMBs) it issues, constitutes a direct lien on substantially all property and franchises owned by Washington Gas other than a small amount of property that is expressly excluded. At December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, there was no debt outstanding under the Mortgage.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
The nature of our business ordinarily results in periodic regulatory proceedings before various state and federal authorities. For information regarding pending federal and state regulatory matters, see Note 12-Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Silver Spring, Maryland Incident
Washington Gas continues to support the investigation by the NTSB into the August 10, 2016 explosion and fire at an apartment complex on Arliss Street in Silver Spring, Maryland, the cause of which has not been determined.  The NTSB has scheduled a board meeting, open to the public, on April 23, 2019, “to determine the probable cause” of the incident. A total of 40 civil actions related to the incident have been filed against WGL and Washington Gas in the Circuit Court for Montgomery County, Maryland. All of these suits seek unspecified damages for personal injury and/or property damage. The one action seeking class action status has been amended to assert property damage and loss of use claims. The trial date for the hearings has been scheduled for December 2, 2019. We maintain excess liability insurance coverage from highly-rated insurers, subject to a nominal self-insured retention. We believe that this coverage will be sufficient to cover any significant liability that may result from this incident. Management is unable to determine a range of potential losses that are reasonably possible of occurring and therefore we have not recorded a reserve associated with this incident. Washington Gas was invited by the NTSB to be a party to the investigation and in that capacity, has worked closely with the NTSB to help determine the cause of this incident.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
 
Not Applicable.

23

Washington Gas Light Company
Part I



EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
 
The names, ages and positions of the executive officers of the registrant at February 5, 2019, are listed below along with their business experience during at least the past five years. The age of each officer listed is as of the date of filing of this report. There is no family relationship among the officers.
Unless otherwise indicated, all officers have served continuously since the dates indicated, and all positions are executive officers listed with Washington Gas Light Company.
Executive Officers
Name, Age and Position with the registrant
 
Date Elected or Appointed
 
Adrian P. Chapman, Age 61
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
July 6, 2018
President and Chief Operating Officer
 
October 1, 2009
 
 
 
Vincent L. Ammann, Jr., Age 59
 
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
July 6, 2018
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
October 1, 2013
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
September 30, 2006
 
 
 
Douglas I. Bonawitz, Age 56
 
 
Vice President and Treasurer
 
July 5, 2017
Assistant Treasurer
 
October 1, 2016
 
 
 
William R. Ford, Age 63
 
 
Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
 
October 1, 2013
Controller
 
October 1, 2010
 
 
 
Marcellous P. Frye, Jr., Age 51
 
 
Vice President—Economic Development and Strategy
 
February 4, 2019
Vice President—Business Services and Public Policy
 
March 21, 2008
 
 
 
Luanne S. Gutermuth, Age 56
 
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer
 
July 6, 2018
Senior Vice President—Shared Services and Chief Human Resource Officer
 
October 1, 2014
Vice President—Human Resources and Organization Development
 
October 1, 2010
 
 
 
Karen M. Hardwick, Age 55(1)
 
 
Senior Vice President and General Counsel
 
October 15, 2018
 
 
 
Mark A. Lowe, Age 55
 
 
Vice President—Gas Supply and Engineering
 
October 1, 2014
Division Head—Gas Supply
 
March 10, 2008
 
 
 
Richard H. Moore, Age 50
 
 
Vice President—Growth and Customer Experience
 
February 4, 2019

24

Washington Gas Light Company
Part I



Vice President—Corporate Development Officer
 
October 1, 2015
Division Head and Chief Operating Officer, Washington Gas Energy Services
 
May 25, 2014
Division Head—Strategy and Business Development
 
November 30, 2009
 
 
 
John O'Brien, Age 58(2)
 
 
Executive Vice President, Strategy & Public Affairs
 
July 6, 2018
 
 
 
Dorothy Ramsey, Age 64
 
 
Vice President—Human Resources
 
October 15, 2018
Assistant Vice President and Chief Talent Officer
 
September 29, 2016
Director Organization Effectiveness
 
March 13, 2006
 
 
 
Douglas A. Staebler, Age 58
 
 
Senior Vice President—Utility Operations
 
October 1, 2014
Vice President—Operations, Engineering, Construction and Safety
 
October 31, 2006
 
 
 
Tracy L. Townsend, Age 52
 
 
Vice President—Construction, Compliance and Safety
 
October 1, 2014
Division Head—Safety, Compliance, Construction Operations Support and Technology
 
October 1, 2010
 
 
 
(1) Prior to her appointment as General Counsel of Washington Gas Light Company, Ms. Hardwick served as General Counsel for the University of the District of Columbia from March 2016 to October 2018. Prior to that position, Ms. Hardwick served as General Counsel/City Attorney to Annapolis, Maryland from December 2009 to December 2013.
(2) Mr. O'Brien has had various roles within the AltaGas organization since joining in 2015, most recently as President and Chief Operating Officer of AltaGas Services (U.S.) Inc. (ASUS). He is currently also Executive Vice President, Government and Regulatory for ASUS and AltaGas Utility Holdings (U.S.) Inc., both of which are subsidiaries of AltaGas. Prior to AltaGas, Mr. O'Brien held management positions in government relations and regulatory affairs within the energy industry, including most recently in the position of Executive Vice President, Public Policy and External Affairs with Energy Future Holdings (Energy Future Holdings filed for bankruptcy in 2014).

25

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related
Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities



ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
 
Market Information
All of the outstanding shares of common stock are owed by the SPE, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of AltaGas Ltd. Washington Gas' common stock is not publicly traded.
On December 17, 2018, we voluntarily registered Washington Gas Light Company's common stock under Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, effective on such date.
Dividends
During the three months ended December 31, 2018, Washington Gas paid cash dividends to the SPE of $23.7 million.
For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, Washington Gas paid cash dividends to WGL of $87.6 million and $85.8 million, respectively.


26

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 6. Selected Financial Data

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
 
The following table presents selected financial data for Washington Gas derived from the financial statements as of and for the last five fiscal years and for the three-month transition period ended December 31, 2018. The information should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the audited Financial Statements and the Notes to the Financial Statements.
(In thousands, except per share data)
Three Months Ended December 31,
Fiscal Years Ended September 30
 
2018
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
2014
SUMMARY OF EARNINGS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating revenues
$
402,101

$
1,248,063

 
$
1,166,968

 
$
1,070,904

 
$
1,328,191

$
1,443,800

Net income applicable to common stock
$
48,843

$
(27,962
)
 
$
130,472

 
$
111,794

 
$
107,358

$
97,004

CAPITALIZATION-YEAR END
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common shareholder’s equity
$
1,562,573

$
1,442,764

 
$
1,164,749

 
$
1,113,446

 
$
1,081,292

$
1,050,166

Preferred stock
28,173

28,173

 
28,173

 
28,173

 
28,173

28,173

Long-term debt, excluding current maturities
1,035,033

1,084,933

 
1,134,461

 
939,015

(a) 
691,330

675,095

Total capitalization
$
2,625,779

$
2,555,870

 
$
2,327,383

 
$
2,080,634

(a) 
$
1,800,795

$
1,753,434

OTHER FINANCIAL DATA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment-net—year-end
$
4,189,337

$
4,117,454

 
$
3,887,715

 
$
3,526,732

 
$
3,243,446

$
3,022,064

Total assets—year-end
$
5,516,585

$
5,150,082

 
$
4,954,714

 
$
4,609,555

(a) 
$
4,199,577

$
3,938,029

UTILITY GAS SALES AND DELIVERIES (thousands of therms)
(thousands of therms)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gas sold and delivered
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential firm
240,894

711,726

 
600,279

 
590,625

 
734,874

738,963

Commercial and industrial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Firm
66,480

205,644

 
174,436

 
167,832

 
197,543

200,153

Interruptible
319

2,520

 
2,554

 
2,771

 
2,072

2,193

Total gas sold and delivered
307,693

919,890

 
777,269

 
761,228

 
934,489

941,309

Gas delivered for others
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Firm
166,320

538,266

 
495,031

 
501,030

 
558,125

535,503

Interruptible
66,896

248,151

 
242,545

 
239,013

 
260,264

267,705

Electric generation
24,245

180,626

 
87,611

 
291,252

 
179,061

144,403

Total gas delivered for others
257,461

967,043

 
825,187

 
1,031,295

 
997,450

947,611

Total utility gas sales and deliveries
565,154

1,886,933

 
1,602,456

 
1,792,523

 
1,931,939

1,888,920

OTHER STATISTICS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Active customer meters—year-end
1,184,830

1,177,976

 
1,163,655

 
1,144,160

 
1,129,865

1,117,043

New customer meters added
3,216

12,581

 
12,488

 
12,221

 
12,099

13,327

Heating degree days—actual
1,398

3,759

 
3,127

 
3,341

 
3,929

4,111

Weather percent colder (warmer) than normal
0.4
%
(4.7
)%
 
(15.9
)%
 
(10.4
)%
 
4.6
%
9.6
%

 

27

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
INTRODUCTION
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Management’s Discussion and Analysis) analyzes the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of Washington Gas. It also includes management’s analysis of past financial results and potential factors that may affect future results, potential future risks and approaches that may be used to manage them. Except where the content clearly indicates otherwise, “Washington Gas,” “we,” “us,” “our” or the "Company" refers to Washington Gas Light Company.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis is designed to provide an understanding of our operations and financial performance and should be read in conjunction with the company’s financial statements and the Notes to Financial Statements in this transition report.
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
Washington Gas has one operating segment which engages in the delivery and sale of natural gas that is regulated by regulatory commissions in the District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia. During the three-month transition period ended December 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, Washington Gas had reduced earnings due to: (i) higher operation and maintenance expenses, (ii) lower realized margins and unrealized mark-to-market valuations associated with our asset optimization program, and (iii) higher depreciation and amortization expense associated with growth in our utility plant. Partially offsetting these unfavorable variances were: (i) customer growth, (ii) higher revenues attributed to colder weather in the District of Columbia compared to 2017, and (iii) new base rates in Maryland.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Our chief operating decision maker utilizes earnings before interest and tax (“EBIT”) as the primary measure of profit and loss in assessing the results of operations. EBIT includes operating income and other income (expense). We believe that our use of EBIT enhances the ability to evaluate Washington Gas' performance because it excludes interest and income tax expense, which are affected by corporate-wide strategies of WGL and AltaGas such as capital financing and tax sharing allocations.
EBIT should not be considered an alternative to, or a more meaningful indicator of our operating performance than, net income. Refer to summary results below for a reconciliation of EBIT to net income applicable to common stock.
Summary Results
The following table summarizes the Company’s financial data for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, and for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

28

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


        
  
Three Months Ended December 31
 
Fiscal Years Ended September 30,
 
Increase (Decrease)
(In millions)
2018

2017 (unaudited)

 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
Three Months
Fiscal Year
 
Fiscal Year

 
 
 
 
2018
vs. 2017
2018
vs. 2017
 
2017
vs. 2016
Net revenues(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating revenues
$
402.1

$
377.5

 
$
1,248.1

 
$
1,167.0

 
$
1,070.9

 
$
24.6

$
81.1

 
$
96.1

Less: Cost of gas
156.6

124.8

 
407.0

 
297.9

 
272.0

 
31.8

109.1

 
25.9

Revenue taxes
24.2

24.0

 
82.5

 
75.1

 
73.0

 
0.2

7.4

 
2.1

Total net revenues
221.3

228.7

 
758.6

 
794.0

 
725.9

 
(7.4
)
(35.4
)
 
68.1

Operation and maintenance
102.7

82.4

 
544.2

 
340.6

 
329.3

 
20.3

203.6

 
11.3

Depreciation and amortization
34.9

33.6

 
135.1

 
129.4

 
114.6

 
1.3

5.7

 
14.8

General taxes and other assessments
14.4

16.0

 
65.6

 
59.6

 
57.2

 
(1.6
)
6.0

 
2.4

Other income (expenses)-net
3.4

1.0

 
(7.7
)
 
(0.6
)
 
1.4

 
2.4

(7.1
)
 
(2.0
)
EBIT
$
72.7

$
97.7

 
$
6.0

 
$
263.8

 
$
226.2

 
$
(25.0
)
$
(257.8
)
 
$
37.6

 
(1)We utilize net revenues, calculated as revenues less the associated cost of energy and applicable revenue taxes, to assist in the analysis of profitability. The cost of the natural gas commodity (as adjusted for Asset Optimization sharing) and revenue taxes are included in the rates that Washington Gas charges to customers as reflected in operating revenues. Accordingly, changes in the cost of gas and revenue taxes associated with sales made to customers generally have no direct effect on utility net revenues, operating income or net income. Net revenues should not be considered an alternative to, or a more meaningful indicator of our operating performance than, operating income. Additionally, net revenues may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 vs. Three Months Ended December 31, 2017
The EBIT comparisons for the quarter ended December 31, 2018 compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2017 primarily reflect:
higher operation and maintenance expenses primarily related to system safety and operational expenses, corporate allocations and higher employee related expenses;
lower realized margins and higher unrealized mark-to-market valuation loss associated with our asset optimization program; and
lower billed and estimated utility rates associated with the pass-through of future tax savings from the Tax Act, however the decrease is offset by lower income tax expense which is not included in EBIT.
Included in the EBIT comparisons are the favorable effects of:
customer growth of approximately 14,000 average active customer meters;
higher revenues attributed to colder weather in the District of Columbia; and
new base rates in Maryland.

Fiscal Year 2018 vs. Fiscal Year 2017  
The EBIT comparisons for fiscal year 2018 compared to the prior year primarily reflect:
higher operation and maintenance expenses primarily related to merger commitments and related expenses;
lower realized margins and unrealized mark-to-market valuations associated with our asset optimization program;
lower billed and estimated utility rates associated with the pass-through of future tax savings from the Tax Act, however the decrease is offset by lower income tax expense; and
higher depreciation and amortization expenses associated with growth in our utility plant.
Included in the EBIT comparisons are the favorable effects of:

29

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


customer growth of approximately 18,000 average active customer meters;
higher revenues attributed to colder weather in the District of Columbia; and
new base rates in the District of Columbia and Virginia.
Fiscal Year 2017 vs. Fiscal Year 2016
The increase in EBIT primarily reflects the following:
new base rates in Virginia and the District of Columbia;
higher utility net revenue related to growth of approximately 13,000 average active customer meters; and
higher unrealized mark-to-market valuations associated with our asset optimization program.
Partially offsetting these favorable variances were:
higher depreciation and amortization expense; and
higher operation and maintenance expenses.
Net Revenues. The following table provides the key factors contributing to the changes in the net revenues between three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, and between fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016.
Composition of Changes in Net Revenues
  
Increase (Decrease)
(In millions)
Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 vs 2017
Fiscal Year 2018
vs. 2017
 
Fiscal Year 2017
vs. 2016
Impact of lower tax rates per Tax Act
(11.7
)
(27.8
)
 

Asset optimization:
 
 
 
 
Realized margins
$
(2.0
)
$
(9.7
)
 
$
1.8

Unrealized mark-to-market valuations
(2.8
)
(38.9
)
 
37.4

Impact of rate cases
4.0

11.6

 
33.5

Customer growth
1.8

10.9

 
7.4

Estimated effects of weather and consumption patterns
1.4

8.5

 
(0.4
)
Accelerated pipe replacement programs
1.0

0.8

 
(5.8
)
Late fees
(0.9
)
6.1

 
(2.6
)
Other
1.8

3.1

 
(3.2
)
Total
$
(7.4
)
$
(35.4
)
 
$
68.1


Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 vs. Three Months Ended December 31, 2017
Impact of lower tax rates per Tax Act — The decrease in revenue reflects the impact of the Tax Act on rates charged to customers, however the decrease is offset in net income by lower income tax expense.
Asset optimization — We recorded unrealized mark-to-market losses associated with our energy-related derivatives of $4.2 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2018, compared to unrealized mark-to-market losses of $1.4 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2017. When these derivatives settle, any unrealized amounts will ultimately reverse and Washington Gas expects to realize margins in combination with related transactions that these derivatives economically hedge. The large swings in the valuations are partially due to movements in unobservable inputs used in the valuation of long-dated forward contracts. We believe that these values are not reflective of our ultimate cash flows as these purchases are utilized in the optimization of our long-term natural gas transportation and storage capacity resources, the value of which is not reflected at fair value. Refer to the section entitled “Market Risk—Price Risk” for further discussion of our asset optimization program.
Impact of rate cases — The increase in revenue reflects new base rates in Maryland, effective December 11, 2018. Refer to "Rates and Regulatory Matters" for further discussion of this matter.
Customer growth — Average active customer meters increased by approximately 14,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the same period of 2017.

30

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


Estimated effects of weather and consumption patterns: Weather, when measured by HDDs, was 0.4% colder than normal and 5.9% warmer than normal for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. In the District of Columbia, where Washington Gas does not have a billing mechanism or financial instruments to offset the effects of weather, the comparatively cooler weather, partially offset by unfavorable changes in natural gas consumption patterns, for the three months ended December 31, 2018, resulted in a positive variance to net revenues. Natural gas consumption patterns may be affected by shifts in weather patterns in which customer heating usage may not correlate highly with average historical levels of usage per heating degree days that occur. Natural gas consumption patterns may also be affected by non-weather related factors such as customer conservation. Refer to the section entitled "Weather Risk" for a discussion of billing mechanisms in Maryland and Virginia, which are designed to eliminate the net revenue effects of variations in customer usage caused by weather and other factors such as conservation.
Fiscal Year 2018 vs. Fiscal Year 2017 and Fiscal Year 2017 vs. 2016
Asset optimization — We recorded unrealized mark-to-market gain associated with our energy-related derivatives of $10.4 million for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, compared to unrealized mark-to-market gains of $49.3 million and unrealized mark-to-market gains of $12.0 million for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Impact of lower tax rates per Tax Act — The decrease in revenue reflects the impact of the Tax Act on rates charged to customers, however the decrease is offset by lower income tax expense.
Impact of rate cases — The increase in revenue reflects new base rates in the District of Columbia, effective March 24, 2017 and in Virginia, effective November 28, 2016, with modification made in November 2017, as a result of the final approval.
Customer growth — Average active customer meters increased by approximately 18,000 from fiscal year 2017 to 2018. Average active customer meters increased by approximately 13,000 from fiscal year 2016 to 2017.
Estimated effects of weather and consumption patterns: Weather, when measured by HDDs, was 4.7% warmer than normal during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, compared to 21.2% warmer than normal and 10.4% warmer than normal during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. In the District of Columbia, where Washington Gas does not have a billing mechanism or financial instruments to offset the effects of weather, the comparatively cooler weather, partially offset by unfavorable changes in natural gas consumption patterns, for the year ended September 30, 2018, resulted in a positive variance to net revenues.
Late fees - In fiscal year 2017, we temporarily suspended charging late fees during the stabilization period of our new billing system. The year-over-year variances reflect the resumption of charging late fees in fiscal year 2018.
Accelerated pipe replacement programs — The decrease in revenue for fiscal year 2017 compared to fiscal year 2016 primarily reflects the transfer of project costs that were being collected through accelerated pipeline replacement surcharge revenues to new base rates in District of Columbia, effective March 24, 2017 as well as in Virginia, put into effect in the December 2016 billing cycle.
Operation and Maintenance Expenses. The following table provides the key factors contributing to the changes in operation and maintenance expenses between reporting periods.

31

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


Composition of Changes in Operation and Maintenance Expenses
  
Increase/(Decrease)
(In millions)
Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 vs 2017

Fiscal Year 2018
vs. 2017
 
Fiscal Year 2017
vs. 2016
Merger commitments and merger-related expenses
$
3.3

$
187.0

 
$

Employee incentives and direct labor costs
3.6

2.9

 
2.5

Employee benefits
0.1

(3.3
)
 
(0.7
)
System safety and integrity
4.5

10.8

 
1.9

Environmental costs, net
0.6

1.6

 
1.2

Support services
1.7

(5.1
)
 
(1.6
)
Uncollectible accounts
1.9

4.5

 
4.5

Corporate allocated services
4.5

4.0

 

Other
0.1

1.2

 
3.5

Total
$
20.3

$
203.6

 
$
11.3

Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 vs. Three Months Ended December 31, 2017
Merger commitments and merger-related expenses — During the three months ended December 31, 2018, we recorded additional costs for employee benefits related severance associated with the Merger with AltaGas. See Note 18— Merger with AltaGas, Ltd. to the Financial Statements in this transition report for further information on these expenses.
Employee incentives and direct labor costs — The quarter-over-quarter variance is primarily due to an increase in employees and higher salaries.
System safety and integrity — The increase in expense for the three months ended December 31, 2018 over the same period of 2017 reflects increased safety and reliability activities including leak repair and mitigation.
Support services — The increase in expense for the current quarter from the prior year quarter is due to the BPO 2.0 impairment.
Uncollectible accounts — The increase is driven by a higher receivable balance due to the colder weather compared to the prior year period.
Corporate allocated services— The increase in the current quarter over the prior year quarter is due to the allocation of corporate overhead expenses subsequent to the merger with AltaGas. Over time, such costs are expected to be offset by reductions in other functional areas.
Fiscal Year 2018 vs. Fiscal Year 2017 and Fiscal Year 2017 vs. Fiscal Year 2016
Merger commitments and merger-related expenses — In fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, we recorded costs for accrued bill credits to customers, an accrual for our commitment of charitable contributions and community support, employee benefits related severance, retention and acceleration of incentive plans, and an impairment that was booked as part of the Merger with AltaGas.
Employee incentives and direct labor costs — The year-over-year variances for both periods are primarily due to an increase in employees and higher salaries.
Employee benefits — The decrease in employee benefits expense in fiscal year 2018 from the previous fiscal year is primarily due to lower pension and post-retirement benefit costs resulting from an increase in the discount rate. The decrease in employee benefits expense in fiscal year 2017 from the previous fiscal year was primarily due to amendments to the post-retirement benefit plans, which lowered expense in fiscal year 2017.
System safety and integrity — The year-over-year variances for both periods reflect increased safety and reliability activities including leak repair and mitigation.
Environmental costs, net — The year-over-year variances for both periods reflect an increase in the liability associated with sites previously used to operate manufactured gas plants.

32

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


Support services — The decrease in expense for fiscal year 2018 from the previous fiscal year was due to lower project related costs. The decrease in expense for fiscal year 2017 from the previous fiscal year was due to lower business process outsourcing costs.
Uncollectible accounts — The year-over-year variances for both periods reflect a higher delinquency rate resulting from the suspension of dunning activities during the stabilization period of our new billing system. Refer to Rates and Regulatory Matters for a further discussion.
Corporate allocated services— The increase in fiscal year 2018 over the previous fiscal year is due to the initial allocation of corporate overhead expenses subsequent to the merger with AltaGas.
Depreciation and Amortization.  The increases between periods represents the ongoing capital additions.
Interest Expense
The following table shows the components of Washington Gas' interest expense for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, and for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016.
Composition of Interest Expense
  
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Fiscal Years 
Ended September 30,
 
Increase (Decrease)
(In millions)
2018


2017 (unaudited)

 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
Three Months
Fiscal Years
 
Fiscal Years

2018
vs. 2017
2018
vs. 2017
 
2017
vs. 2016
Interest on long-term debt
$
14.1

$
14.4

 
$
57.6

 
$
50.1

 
$
40.7

 
$
(0.3
)
$
7.5

 
$
9.4

Interest on short-term debt
1.7

0.6

 
1.1

 
1.6

 
0.7

 
1.1

(0.5
)
 
0.9

Other net, including AFUDC
(0.1
)

 
(0.2
)
 
0.5

 

 
(0.1
)
(0.7
)
 
0.5

Total
$
15.7

$
15.0

 
$
58.5

 
$
52.2

 
$
41.4

 
$
0.7

$
6.3

 
$
10.8

Income Taxes
The following table shows Washington Gas' income tax expense and effective income tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016.
The decrease in income tax expense for the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the same period of 2017 is mainly due to lower pretax income. The decrease in income tax expense for fiscal year 2018 compared to fiscal year 2017 is due to the enactment of the Tax Act resulting in a re-measurement of our accumulated deferred income taxes and the reduction of the corporate federal income tax rate for 2018 to 21%. The decrease in the effective income tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the same period in the prior year is due to the impact of excess deferred taxes in various depreciation adjustments.

33

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


Income Taxes
  
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Fiscal Years
 Ended September 30,
 
Increase (Decrease)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months
Fiscal Year
 
Fiscal Year
(In millions)
2018
2017 (unaudited)

 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2018
vs. 2017
2018
vs. 2017
 
2017
vs. 2016
Income before income taxes
$
57.0

$
82.8

 
$
(52.5
)
 
$
211.6

 
$
184.8

 
$
(25.8
)
$
(264.1
)
 
$
26.8

Income tax expense
7.8

24.9

 
(25.9
)
 
79.8

 
71.7

 
(17.1
)
(105.7
)
 
8.1

Effective income tax rate
13.8
%
30.0
%
 
49.2
%
 
37.7
%
 
38.8
%
 
(16.2
)%
11.5
%
 
(1.1
)%
Income tax expense
7.8

24.9

 
(25.9
)
 
79.8

 
71.7

 
(17.1
)
(105.7
)
 
8.1

Less re-measurement impact of Tax Act
1.2

6.2

 
7.0

 

 

 
(5.0
)
7.0

 

Income tax expense excluding re-measurement impact
6.6

18.7

 
(32.9
)
 
79.8

 
71.7

 
(12.1
)
(112.7
)
 
8.1

Effective income tax rate excluding re-measurement impact
11.6
%
22.6
%
 
62.7
%
 
37.7
%
 
38.8
%
 
(11.0
)%
25.0
%
 
(1.1
)%
Refer to Note 8 — Income Taxes of the Notes to the Financial Statements for details.

Statistical Information
Key gas delivery, weather and meter statistics are shown in the table below for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

34

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


Gas Deliveries, Weather and Meter Statistics
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Fiscal Years Ended September 30,
 
Increase (decrease)
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
Three Months 2018 vs.2017
 
Fiscal Year 2018
vs.  2017
 
Fiscal Year
2017
vs.  2016
Gas Sales and Deliveries (millions of therms)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Firm
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Gas sold and delivered
307.4

 
282.7

 
917.3

 
774.8

 
758.4

 
24.7

 
142.5

 
16.4

  Gas delivered for others
166.3

 
158.5

 
538.3

 
495.0

 
501.0

 
7.8

 
43.3

 
(6.0
)
Total firm
473.7

 
441.2

 
1,455.6

 
1,269.8

 
1,259.4

 
32.5

 
185.8

 
10.4

Interruptible
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Gas sold and delivered
0.3

 
0.6

 
2.5

 
2.6

 
2.8

 
(0.3
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(0.2
)
  Gas delivered for others
66.9

 
71.6

 
248.2

 
242.5

 
239.0

 
(4.7
)
 
5.7

 
3.5

Total interruptible
67.2

 
72.2

 
250.7

 
245.1

 
241.8

 
(5.0
)
 
5.6

 
3.3

Electric generation—delivered for others
24.3

 
32.1

 
180.6

 
87.6

 
291.3

 
(7.8
)
 
93.0

 
(203.7
)
Total deliveries
565.2

 
545.5

 
1,886.9

 
1,602.5

 
1,792.5

 
19.7

 
284.4

 
(190.0
)
Degree Days
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Actual
1,398

 
1,335

 
3,759

 
3,127

 
3,341

 
63

 
632

 
(214
)
  Normal
1,392

 
1,419

 
3,944

 
3,970

 
3,730

 
(27
)
 
(26
)
 
240

Percent colder (warmer) than normal
0.4

%
(5.9
)
%
(4.7
)
%
(21.2
)
%
(10.4
)
%
n/a

 
n/a

 
n/a

Average active customer meters
1,181,000

 
1,167,000

 
1,173,000

 
1,155,000

 
1,142,000

 
14,000

 
18,000

 
13,000

Ending active customer meters
1,184,830

 
1,169,294

 
1,177,976

 
1,163,655

 
1,144,160

 
15,536

 
14,321

 
19,495

New customer meters added
3,216

 
3,673

 
12,581

 
12,488

 
12,221

 
(457
)
 
93

 
267

Gas Service to Firm Customers
The volume of gas delivered to firm customers is highly sensitive to weather variability as a large portion of the natural gas delivered by Washington Gas is used for space heating. Washington Gas’ rates are based on an assumption of normal weather. The tariffs in the Maryland and Virginia jurisdictions include provisions that consider the effects of the RNA and the WNA/CRA mechanisms, respectively, that are designed to, among other things, eliminate the effect on net revenues of variations in weather from normal levels (refer to the section entitled “Weather Risk” for a further discussion of these mechanisms and other weather-related instruments included in our weather protection strategy).
Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 vs. 2017. During the three months ended December 31, 2018, the comparison in natural gas deliveries to firm customers primarily reflects 0.4% colder than normal weather when measured by HDDs, compared to 5.9% warmer than normal weather for the prior year quarter. We also had an increase in average active customer meters of approximately 14,000 during the quarter ended December 31, 2018, when compared to the same quarter prior year.
Many customers choose to buy the natural gas commodity from third-party marketers, rather than purchase the natural gas commodity and delivery service from Washington Gas on a bundled basis. Natural gas delivered to firm customers but purchased from unregulated third-party marketers represented 35.1% of total firm therms delivered during the three months ended December 31, 2018, compared to 35.9% of therms delivered during the same quarter prior year.

35

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


Fiscal Year 2018 vs. Fiscal Year 2017. During the fiscal year ended 2018, the comparison in natural gas deliveries to firm customers primarily reflects 4.7% warmer than normal weather when measured by HDDs, compared to 21.2% warmer than normal weather for fiscal year 2017. We also had an increase in average active customer meters of approximately 18,000 in fiscal year 2018, when compared to fiscal year 2017.
Natural gas delivered to firm customers but purchased from third-party marketers represented 37.0% of total firm therms delivered during fiscal year 2018, compared to 39.0% of therms delivered during fiscal year 2017.
Fiscal Year 2017 vs. Fiscal Year 2016. During the fiscal year ended 2017, the comparison in natural gas deliveries to firm customers primarily reflects 21.2% warmer than normal weather when measured by HDDs, compared to 10.4% warmer than normal weather for fiscal year 2016. This was partially offset by an increase in average active customer meters of approximately 13,000 in fiscal year 2017, when compared to fiscal year 2016.
Natural gas delivered to firm customers but purchased from third-party marketers represented 39.0% of total firm therms delivered during fiscal year 2017, compared to 39.8% of therms delivered during fiscal year 2016.
Gas Service to Interruptible Customers
Washington Gas must curtail or interrupt service to this class of customer when the demand by firm customers exceeds specified levels. Therm deliveries to interruptible customers decreased by 5.0 million therms during the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the same period prior year primarily due to decreased demand during the three months ended December 31, 2018.
Therm deliveries to interruptible customers increased by 5.6 million therms in fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 compared to fiscal year 2017 primarily due to increased demand and colder weather during fiscal year 2018. Therm deliveries to interruptible customers increased by 3.3 million therms in fiscal year ended September 30, 2017 compared to fiscal year 2016 primarily due to increased demand, partially offset by warmer weather during fiscal year 2017.
In the District of Columbia, the effect on net income of any changes in delivered volumes and prices to interruptible customers is limited by margin-sharing arrangements that are included in Washington Gas’ firm rate designs. Rates for interruptible customers in Maryland and Virginia are based on a traditional cost of service approach. In Virginia, Washington Gas retains a majority of the margins earned on interruptible gas and delivery sales. Washington Gas shares actual non-gas margins from interruptible sales service customers that are in excess of delivery service rates. In Maryland, Washington Gas retains a defined amount of revenues based on a set threshold. Effective December 2018, Washington Gas no longer shares interruptible margins in Maryland.
Gas Service for Electric Generation
Washington Gas delivers natural gas for use at two electric generation facilities in Maryland that are each owned by companies independent of WGL. During the three months ended December 31, 2018, deliveries to these customers decreased by 7.8 million therms from the three months ended December 31, 2017. During fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, deliveries to these customers increased by 93.0 million therms from fiscal year 2017. During fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, deliveries to these customers decreased by 203.7 million therms from fiscal year 2016. Washington Gas shares with firm customers a significant majority of the margins earned from natural gas deliveries to these customers. Therefore, changes in the volume of interruptible gas deliveries to these customers do not materially affect either net revenues or net income.
Cost of Gas
Washington Gas’ cost of natural gas purchased includes both fixed and variable components. Washington Gas pays fixed costs or “demand charges” to pipeline companies for system capacity needed to transport and store natural gas. Washington Gas pays variable costs, or the cost of the natural gas commodity itself, to natural gas producers and suppliers. Variations in the utility’s cost of gas expense result from changes in gas sales volumes, the price of the gas purchased and the level of gas costs collected through the operation of firm gas cost recovery mechanisms. Under these regulated recovery mechanisms, Washington Gas records cost of gas expense equal to the cost of gas recovered from customers and included in revenues. The difference between the firm gas costs incurred and the gas costs recovered from customers is deferred on the balance sheet as an amount to be collected from or refunded to customers in future periods. Therefore, increases or decreases in the cost of gas associated with sales made to firm customers have no direct effect on Washington Gas’ net revenues and net income. Changes in the cost of gas can cause significant variations in Washington Gas’ cash provided by or used in operating activities. Washington Gas receives from or pays to its customers in the District of Columbia and Virginia, carrying costs associated with

36

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


under-collected or over-collected gas costs recovered from its customers using short-term interest rates. Additionally, included in “Utility cost of gas” for Washington Gas are the net margins associated with our asset optimization program. To the extent these amounts are shared with customers, they are a reduction to the cost of gas invoiced to customers. Refer to the section entitled “Market Risk” for a further discussion of Washington Gas’ optimization program.
The average commodity cost of gas invoiced to Washington Gas (excluding the cost and related volumes applicable to asset optimization) were $0.37, $0.30, $0.27, and $0.21 per therm for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
General Factors Affecting Liquidity
Washington Gas generally meets its liquidity and capital needs through cash on hand, retained earnings, the issuance of commercial paper and long-term debt, and equity infusions from WGL. Access to short-term debt markets is necessary for funding our short-term liquidity requirements, the most significant of which include buying natural gas and pipeline capacity, and financing both accounts receivable and storage gas inventory. We have accessed long-term capital markets primarily to fund both capital expenditures and to retire long-term debt.
Our ability to access debt capital markets depends on our credit ratings, general market liquidity, and demand for our credit securities. In addition, rules imposed by regulatory commissions or state law in Washington Gas' service territory restrict its ability to make advances or issue loans to its affiliates, including WGL. Washington Gas may not provide loans to an affiliate or its holding company, unless Washington Gas receives prior commission approval.
During the three months ended December 31, 2018 and fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, Washington Gas met its liquidity and capital needs through cash on hand, retained earnings, the issuance of commercial paper, and equity infusions from WGL and the SPE. During the three months ended December 31, 2018, Washington Gas received $100 million in equity infusions from WGL. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, Washington Gas received $403 million in equity infusions from WGL. The infusions were done to fund the Merger-related costs incurred by Washington Gas and to maintain its equity ratio within a reasonable and comparable range in the industry.
Our credit ratings depend largely on our financial performance and the ratings of our parent companies, WGL and AltaGas. A ratings downgrade could both increase our borrowing costs and trigger the need for us to post additional collateral with our wholesale counterparties or other creditors. Further, a negative change in WGL’s or AltaGas’ ratings outlook or any downgrade in their credit ratings could negatively impact our ratings outlook or downgrade our credit ratings. Such downgrades could limit our access to the credit markets and increase the costs of borrowing under available credit lines. Washington Gas has ring fencing measures in place as a result of the merger regulatory approval process. The purpose of the ring-fencing measures is to financially separate Washington Gas from WGL, AltaGas and its non-utility affiliates to protect consumers of regulated utility services from financial instability or bankruptcy in its parent or affiliates resulting from losses that may occur from open market activities.
As of December 31, 2018, total consolidated capitalization, including current maturities of long-term debt and notes payable and project financing, comprised 52.3% common equity, 1.0% preferred stock and 46.7% long and short-term debt. This capitalization ratio varies during the year primarily due to the seasonal nature of Washington Gas' business. See discussion regarding seasonal impacts on working capital below.
Our plans provide for sufficient liquidity to satisfy our financial obligations. Generally, Washington Gas can make dividend payments in the ordinary course of business unless any of the following regulatory limitations apply: (i) Washington Gas will not pay extraordinary dividends to its parent for three years after the Merger Close, (ii) Washington Gas will not pay dividends to its parent company if Washington Gas' senior unsecured debt rating is below investment grade or (iii) Washington Gas will not make a dividend payment to its parent company if the payment would result in its equity level to drop below 48%. At December 31, 2018, we had no significant restrictions on our cash balances or retained earnings that would affect the payment of dividends.
Short-Term Cash Requirements and Related Financing
Washington Gas has seasonal short-term cash requirements to fund the purchase of storage gas inventory in advance of the winter heating season. At December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, Washington Gas had balances in gas storage of $103.9 million, $101.4 million and $92.8 million, respectively. Washington Gas collects the cost of gas under

37

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


cost recovery mechanisms approved by its regulators. Additionally, Washington Gas may be required to post cash collateral for certain purchases. Washington Gas is also subject to the collateral requirements of its counterparties. At December 31, 2018, Washington Gas provided $7.5 million in cash collateral to counterparties.
In the first and fourth quarters of each calendar year, Washington Gas’ large sales volumes cause its cash requirements to peak when combined storage inventory, accounts receivable, and unbilled revenues are at their highest levels. In the second and third quarters of each calendar year, after the heating season, Washington Gas typically experiences a seasonal net loss due to reduced demand for natural gas. During this period, large amounts of Washington Gas’ current assets are converted to cash, which Washington Gas generally uses to reduce and usually eliminate short-term debt and acquire storage gas for the next heating season.
Variations in the timing of customer collections under Washington Gas' gas cost recovery mechanisms can significantly affect its short-term cash requirements. At December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, Washington Gas had $2.2 million and $2.3 million in net under-collections from customers, respectively, reflected in current assets as gas costs due from customers. At September 30, 2017, Washington Gas had $2.0 million in net over-collections from customers of gas costs reflected in current liabilities as gas costs due to customers. Amounts under-collected or over-collected from customers during the current gas cost recovery cycle are deferred as a regulatory asset or liability on the balance sheet until September 1 of each year, at which time the accumulated amount is transferred to gas costs due from/to customers as appropriate. At December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, Washington Gas had a net regulatory asset of $60.0 million, $13.9 million and $5.6 million, respectively, related to under-collections from customers in the current gas recovery cycle.
Washington Gas uses short-term debt in the form of commercial paper or unsecured short-term bank loans to fund seasonal cash requirements. Our policy is to maintain back-up bank credit facilities in an amount equal to or greater than our expected maximum commercial paper position.
The credit facility for Washington Gas permits it to borrow up to $350.0 million, and further permits, with the banks’ approval, additional borrowings of $100 million for a maximum potential total of $450 million. The interest rate on loans made under each of the credit facilities is a fluctuating rate per annum that is set using certain parameters at the time each loan is made. Washington Gas incurs credit facility fees, which in some cases are based on the long-term debt ratings of Washington Gas. In the event that the long-term debt ratings are downgraded below certain levels, Washington Gas would be required to pay higher fees. There are five different levels of fees. Under the terms of the credit facilities, the lowest level facility fee is 0.06% and the highest is 0.175%. The facilities have a maturity date of December 19, 2019, and the credit agreements provide Washington Gas with the right, as applicable to request two additional one-year extensions, with the lenders’ approval. Bank credit balances available to Washington Gas, net of commercial paper balances are $54.0 million, $255.0 million and $227.0 million at December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.
To manage credit risk, Washington Gas may require certain customers and suppliers to provide deposits, including collateral from wholesale counterparties, which are reported as current liabilities in “Customer deposits and advance payments,” in the accompanying balance sheets. At December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, “Customer deposits and advance payments” totaled $54.4 million, $83.7 million and $64.2 million, respectively. The majority of these balances are customer deposits. Deposits from customers may be refunded at various times throughout the year based on customer payment habits. At the same time, other customers make new deposits that cause the balance of customer deposits to remain relatively steady. There are no restrictions on Washington Gas’ use of these customer deposits. Washington Gas pays interest to its customers on these deposits in accordance with the requirements of its regulatory commissions. Refer to the section entitled “Credit Risk” for further discussion of our management of credit risk.
 Project Financing
Washington Gas previously obtained third-party project financing on behalf of the federal government to provide funds during the construction of certain energy management services projects entered into under Washington Gas' area-wide contract. The construction work is performed by WGL Energy Systems on behalf of Washington Gas. As the financing entity funded the project, Washington Gas established a payable to the financing entity and transferred the funds to WGL Energy Systems. As work is performed, Washington Gas establishes a receivable representing the government's obligation to remit principal and interest. The financing obligation in “Notes payable and project financing” and receivable in “Unbilled revenues” are typically equal to each other at the end of the construction period, but there could be timing differences in the recognition during the construction period. When these projects are formally “accepted” by the government and deemed complete, Washington Gas assigns the ownership of the receivable to the financing entity in satisfaction of the obligation to the financing entity and

38

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


removes both the receivable and the obligation related to the financing from its financial statements. If project acceptance does not occur by a specified date, the lender may require Washington Gas to make interim interest payments or repurchase the contract payments plus a termination fee. In March 2016, the SCC of VA denied Washington Gas' further participation in the third-party financing arrangement but allowed existing debt arrangements to remain intact until the related obligations were satisfied.
In October 2018, WGL Energy Systems repaid $53.0 million drawn by Washington Gas from a third-party lender for a specific project that the lender demanded repayment for due to delays in achieving final acceptance from the federal government agency customer. The $53.0 million was included in "Payable to associated companies" on Washington Gas' balance sheet as of December 31, 2018. On January 16, 2019, the federal government agency customer provided notification of final acceptance as of December 14, 2018.
As of December 31, 2018, Washington Gas had $69.7 million in "Unbilled revenues" on the balance sheet and $15.5 million in "Notes payable and project financing", for energy management services projects that were financed through Washington Gas and not yet complete.
As of September 30, 2018, Washington Gas had $64.3 million in "Unbilled revenues", and $68.5 million in "Notes payable and project financing" on the balance sheet. As of September 30, 2017, Washington Gas had $78.2 million in " Unbilled revenue", and $43.8 million in "Notes payable and project financing" on the balance sheet, for energy management services projects that were financed through Washington Gas. For projects where WGL Energy Systems is the primary contractor and where these projects are financed for government agencies that have minimal credit risk, and with which we have previous collection experience, Washington Gas did not record a corresponding reserve for bad debts related to these receivables at December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018, or September 30, 2017. See Note 5— Short-Term Debt and Note 15 — Related Party Transactions of the Notes to Financial Statements for a further discussion of project financing.
Long-Term Cash Requirements and Related Financing
The primary drivers of our long-term cash requirements include capital expenditures and long-term debt maturities. Our capital expenditures primarily relate to adding new utility customers and system supply as well as maintaining the safety and reliability of Washington Gas’ distribution system.
Security Ratings
Following the merger with AltaGas in July 2018, the credit rating agencies downgraded the senior unsecured debt rating for WGL from A3 to Baa1 for Moody's, from A- to BB+ for S&P, and from A- to BBB for Fitch. At the same time Moody’s downgraded the senior unsecured debt rating for Washington Gas from A1 to A2, S&P from A to BBB+, and Fitch from A+ to A. All three credit agencies cited the merger and issuer ratings for AltaGas as the reason for the downgrades, but also pointed to the ring fencing measures put in place for our regulatory commissions following the merger as limiting the negative impact on the ratings for Washington Gas.
The table below reflects the current credit ratings for the outstanding debt instruments of Washington Gas. Changes in credit ratings may affect Washington Gas' cost of short-term and long-term debt and our access to the capital markets. A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities. Credit ratings are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating organization and each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating.
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Washington Gas
Rating Service
 
Senior Unsecured
 
Commercial Paper
Fitch Ratings(a)
 
A
 
F2
Moody’s Investors Service(b)
 
A2
 
P-1
Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services(c)
 
BBB+
 
A-2
(a) The credit ratings by Fitch Ratings for Washington Gas were revised on July 10, 2018 and the long-term debt ratings outlook was adjusted to stable.
(b) The credit ratings by Moody’s Investors Service for Washington Gas were revised on July 9, 2018 and the long-term debt ratings outlook remained negative.
(c) The credit ratings by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services for Washington Gas were revised on December 19, 2018 and the long-term debt ratings outlook remained negative.
Ratings Triggers and Certain Debt Covenants

39

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


Under the terms of Washington Gas' revolving credit agreements, term loan facility and private placement notes, the ratio of consolidated financial indebtedness to consolidated total capitalization cannot exceed 0.65 to 1.0 (65.0%). As of December 31, 2018, Washington Gas' ratios of consolidated financial indebtedness to consolidated total capitalization were 47%. In addition, Washington Gas is required to inform lenders of changes in corporate existence, financial conditions, litigation and environmental warranties that might have a material effect on debt ratings. The failure to inform the lenders’ agent of material changes in these areas might constitute default under the agreements. Additionally, failure to pay principal or interest on any other indebtedness may be deemed a default under our credit agreements. A default, if not remedied, may lead to a suspension of further loans and/or acceleration in which obligations become immediately due and payable. In addition, certain of the credit facilities of Washington Gas contain cross-default provisions. At December 31, 2018, we were in compliance with all of the covenants under our revolving credit facilities, term loan facility, and private placement notes.
For certain of Washington Gas’ natural gas purchase and pipeline capacity agreements, the counterparty may withhold service or deliveries or may require additional credit support if the long-term debt of Washington Gas is downgraded below the lower of a BBB- rating by Standard & Poor’s or a Baa3 rating by Moody’s Investors Service, or if Washington Gas is deemed by a counterparty not to be creditworthy. For certain other agreements, the counterparty may require additional credit support if the counterparty’s credit exposure to Washington Gas exceeds a contractually defined threshold amount, or if Washington Gas’ credit rating declines by a certain rating level. Based on its current credit ratings, Washington Gas would not be required to provide additional credit support to its counterparties for these agreements if its long-term credit rating was to be downgraded by one rating level.
Historical Cash Flows
The following table summarizes Washington Gas' net cash provided by (used in) operating, investing and financing activities for three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, and for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016:
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
Fiscal Years Ended 
September 30,
 
Increase / (Decrease)
(In millions)
2018
(Unaudited) 2017
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
Three Months 2018 vs.2017
Fiscal Year 2018 vs. 2017
 
Fiscal Year
2017 vs. 2016
Cash provided by (used in):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
.
 
 
Operating activities
$
(94.5
)
$
(28.5
)
$
122.3

 
$
207.3

 
$
240.1

 
$
(66.0
)
$
(85.0
)
 
$
(32.8
)
Financing activities
$
226.9

$
110.4

$
332.3

 
$
196.1

 
$
130.9

 
$
116.5

$
136.2

 
$
65.2

Investing activities
$
(126.0
)
$
(75.3
)
$
(389.6
)
 
$
(403.4
)
 
$
(371.0
)
 
$
(50.7
)
$
13.8

 
$
(32.4
)

Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities
Washington Gas' cash flows from operating activities principally reflect gas sales and deliveries and the cost of operations. The volume of gas sales and deliveries is dependent primarily on factors external to the utility, such as growth of customer demand, weather, market prices for energy, economic conditions and measures that promote energy efficiency. Unbilled revenue and weather normalization, ratemaking adjustments and decoupling mechanisms in place, changes in delivery volumes from levels assumed when rates were approved may affect the timing of cash flows but not net income. The price at which the utility provides energy to customers is determined in accordance with regulatory-approved tariffs. In general, changes in the utility’s cost of gas may affect the timing of cash flows but not net income because the costs are recovered in accordance with rate agreements. In addition, the regulated utility’s cash flow is impacted by the timing of derivative settlements.
Net income is the result of cash and non-cash (or accrual) transactions. Only cash transactions affect Washington Gas’ cash flows from operating activities. Principal non-cash charges include depreciation, accrued or deferred pension and other post-retirement benefit costs and deferred income tax expense. Non-cash charges or credits may also be accrued under the revenue decoupling and cost reconciliation mechanisms in the utilities’ rate plans.
Net cash flows used in operating activities for three months ended December 31, 2018 was $94.5 million compared to net cash used in operating activities of $28.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in cash flows

40

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


used in operating activities was primarily driven by increased account receivable balance as a result of the colder weather in three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, and cash payment of merger commitments during the three months ended December 31, 2018.
The $85 million decrease in cash flows provided by operating activities for the fiscal year 2018 compared to fiscal year 2017 was mainly due to cash payments of merger commitments, financial and legally advisory costs, severance costs, retention and acceleration of incentive plans due to the Merger in fiscal year 2018, offset by higher cash collections due to colder weather.
The decrease in cash flows provided by operating activities for the fiscal year 2017 compared to fiscal year 2016 was mainly driven by increased account receivable balance due to new base rates in Virginia and the District of Columbia in 2017.
Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities
Cash flows provided by financing activities for the three months ended December 31, 2018 totaled $226.9 million compared to $110.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017 mainly due to an increase in the net issuance of notes payable. We had a net issuance of note payable of $201 million during the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to $39 million in the same period of 2017.
Cash flows provided by financing activities increased $136.2 million in fiscal year 2018 compared to fiscal year 2017. The increase was mainly from an equity infusion from WGL in 2018, offset by a decrease in long-term debt issuances in 2018 compared to 2017.
The increase of financing activities from fiscal year 2016 to fiscal year 2017 was primarily driven by an increase in the net issuance of notes payable.
The following table reflects the issuances and retirements of long-term debt that occurred during the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (also refer to Note 5 —Long Term Debt of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).
Long-Term Debt Activity
 
Three Months Ended
 December 31, 2018
Three Months Ended
 December 31, 2017
Fiscal Year 2018
 
Fiscal Year 2017
 
Fiscal Year 2016
($ In millions)
Interest Rate
 
Face value
Interest Rate
 
Face value
Interest Rate
 
Face value
 
Interest Rate
 
Face value
 
Interest Rate
 
Face value
Long Term Debt(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issued

 


 


 

 
3.80%

 
$200.0

 
3.80
%
 
$
250.0

Retired
7.46%

 
$50.0


 


 

 

 

 
5.17
%
 
$
25.0

(a) Includes MTN's and private placement debt.

41

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities
Net cash flows used in investing activities totaled $126.0 million and $75.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, and $389.6 million, $403.4 million and $371.0 million during fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which primarily consists of utility capital expenditures made by Washington Gas.
The following table depicts our actual capital investments for three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, and for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016, 2017 and 2018. Our capital outlays include expenditures to extend service to new areas, and to ensure safe, reliable and improved service for our utility.
Capital Expenditures
 
Three Months Ended December 31
Fiscal Year
(In millions)
2018
2017
2018
2017
2016
New business(a)
$
33.2

$
24.2

$
141.3

$
129.4

$
106.6

Replacements:
 
 
 
 
 
Accelerated Replacement plans(b)
31.8

24.4

111.7

131.0

132.2

Other
22.6

10.4

70.5

68.1

74.8

Customer information system
 
 

28.1

39.4

Other utility
16.8

4.5

72.3

40.4

38.3

Cash basis adjustments
21.6

11.8

(3.0
)
6.4

(0.6
)
Total (c)
126.0

75.3

392.8

403.4

390.7

(a) Includes certain projects that support the existing distribution system.
(b) Represents capital expenditures (excluding cost of removal), both approved, and expected to be approved, under our Accelerated Pipeline
Replacement Programs in all jurisdictions. Refer to the section entitled "Accelerated Pipeline Replacement Programs" for a further discussion.
(c) Excludes Allowance for Funds Used During Construction and cost of removal. Includes capital expenditures accrued and capital expenditure
adjustments recorded in the period.
New Business
The Company’s utility service areas have a population estimated at 5.9 million and include approximately 2.2 million households and commercial structures. Washington Gas actively markets and adds new customers through both capital expenditures and different rate mechanisms aimed at bringing the benefits of natural gas, including lower energy bills and reduced carbon emissions to more residents in its territories. Washington Gas added 3,216, and 12,581 new customers in the three months ended December 31, 2018 and fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, respectively, supported by additional capital and rate base. Adding new customers directly drives earnings growth through additional distribution revenues.
Replacements, Regulatory Plans - Accelerated Pipe Replacement Plans
Accelerated pipe replacement programs are in place in all three of our jurisdictions. Washington Gas is accelerating pipe replacement in order to reduce risk and further enhance the safety and reliability of the pipeline system. Each regulatory commission having jurisdiction over Washington Gas’ retail rates has approved accelerated replacement programs with an associated surcharge mechanism to recover the cost, including a return, on those capital investments. In contrast to the traditional rate-making approach to capital investments, for the accelerated pipe replacement programs, Washington Gas is receiving recovery for these investments through the approved surcharges for each program and is authorized to invest in each of these programs over a five-year period. The following table presents the expenditures made and revenues recognized for the accelerated pipe replacement programs during the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Refer to Rates and Regulatory Matters for a further discussion on rate case decisions during the periods.

42

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


Accelerated Pipe Replacement Programs
 
Three Months Ended
Fiscal Year Ended
(in millions)

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

September 30,
2018


September 30,
2017
September 30,
2016
Capital expenditures(a)
 
 
 


 
District of Columbia
$
4.3

$
6.5

$
23.2

$
18.1

$
17.1

Maryland
7.2

7.6

31.2

48.6

54.1

Virginia
20.3

10.3

57.3

64.2

61

Total
$
31.8

$
24.4

$
111.7

$
130.9

$
132.2

Revenues recognized
 
 
 


 
District of Columbia
1.5

1.9

5.5

5.5

5.9

Maryland
3.1

3.9

13.4

13.4

7.6

Virginia
3.1

1.8

8.1

6.6

17.8

Total
$
7.7

$
7.6

$
27.0

$
25.5

$
31.3

(a) Capital expenditures are reported without the cost of removal.
 
District of Columbia Jurisdiction.  In 2013, Washington Gas filed a Revised Accelerated Pipe Replacement Plan (PROJECTpipes) in which Washington Gas proposed to replace bare and/or unprotected steel services, bare and targeted unprotected steel main, and cast iron main in its distribution system in the District of Columbia. On January 29, 2015, the Public Service Commission of the District of Columbia issued an order approving the settlement agreement and approving recovery through the surcharge of total project costs up to $110 million through fiscal year 2019. - On December 7, 2018, Washington Gas filed a request with the PSC of DC for approval of a Project Pipes 2 (“PIPES 2 Plan”) extension plan for the period of October 1, 2019 through December 31, 2024.  Cumulative plant additions through September 30, 2015 were included in rate base in the most recent rate cases and are now being recovered in base rate.
Maryland Jurisdiction. In 2014, pursuant to the Strategic Infrastructure Development and Enhancement (STRIDE) law in Maryland, the PSC of MD approved Washington Gas’ initial STRIDE Plan to recover the reasonable and prudent costs associated with qualifying infrastructure replacements through monthly surcharges. The Commission approved replacement of bare and/or unprotected steel services and targeted copper and/or pre-1975 plastic services, bare and targeted unprotected steel main, mechanically coupled pipe main and service, and cast iron main in Washington Gas' Maryland distribution system at an estimated five-year cost of $200 million, including cost of removal, through calendar year 2018. In December 2018, the Commission approved the extension of the STRIDE. Washington Gas is authorized to invest $350.5 million, including cost of removal over the five-year calendar period through 2023. Cumulative plant additions through September 30, 2018 were included in rate base in the most recent rate cases and are now being recovered in base rates.
Virginia Jurisdiction. On April 21, 2011, the Virginia State Corporation Commission approved, pursuant to a new law to advance Virginia’s Energy Plan (“SAVE Act”), Washington Gas’s initial SAVE Plan for accelerated replacement of infrastructure facilities and a SAVE Rider to recover eligible costs associated with those replacement programs. Cumulative expenditures through November 30, 2016 were included in rate base in the most recent rate cases and are now being recovered in base rates. On November 21, 2017, the Commission approved the Company’s application to amend and extend its SAVE Plan. Washington Gas is authorized to invest $500 million, including cost of removal over the five-year calendar period through 2022.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS, OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS AND OTHER COMMERCIAL COMMITMENTS
Contractual Obligations
Washington Gas has certain contractual obligations incurred in the normal course of business that require fixed and determinable payments in the future. These commitments include long-term debt, lease obligations, unconditional purchase

43

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


obligations for pipeline capacity, transportation and storage services, certain natural gas commodity commitments and our commitments related to the business process outsourcing program.
The total estimated purchase obligations for Washington Gas as of December 31, 2018 for future calendar years are shown below. 
Estimated Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments(g)
  
Years Ended December 31,
 
  
 
 
(In millions)
2019
 
2020
 
2021
 
2022
 
2023
 
Thereafter
 
Total
Pipeline and storage contracts(a)
$
373.1

 
$
374.1

 
$
366.3

 
$
362.6

 
$
362.1

 
$
1,209.6

 
$
3,047.8

Long-term debt(b)
50.0

 

 

 

 
20.0

 
1,026.0

 
$
1,096.0

Interest expense(c)
51.9

 
49.9

 
49.9

 
49.9

 
48.8

 
743.9

 
$
994.3

Gas purchase commitments(d)
459.2

 
384.8

 
362.0

 
353.9

 
339.4

 
2,695.7

 
4,595.0

Operating leases
3.0

 
5.7

 
5.3

 
5.3

 
5.4

 
50.8

 
75.5

Business process outsourcing(e)
22.9

 
22.6

 
12.1

 
2.9

 
0.5

 

 
61.0

Other long-term commitments(f)
4.5

 
3.5

 
2.2

 
0.3

 
0.3

 
0.3

 
11.1

Total
$
964.6


$
840.6


$
797.8


$
774.9


$
776.5


$
5,726.3

 
$
9,880.7

(a) 
Represents minimum payments for natural gas transportation, storage and peaking contracts.
(b) 
Represents scheduled repayment of principal.
(c) 
Represents the scheduled interest payments associated with long-term debt.
(d) 
Includes known and reasonably likely commitments to purchase fixed volumes of natural gas. Cost estimates are based on forward market prices as of December 31, 2018. Certain of our gas purchase agreements have optionality, which may cause increases in these commitments.
(e) Represents fixed costs to service providers related to various contracts for business process outsourcing.
(f) Includes secured supply agreements’ minimum program fees and committed payments related to certain environmental response costs.
(g)The table does not include the Merger commitments which are discussed in the section below.
The table above reflects fixed and variable obligations. Certain of these estimates reflect likely purchases under various contracts and may differ from minimum future contractual commitments disclosed in Note 12 — Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Washington Gas outsources certain of its business processes related to human resources, information technology, consumer services, construction, integrated supplier and finance operations. The continued management of service levels provided is critical to the success of these outsourcing arrangements. Washington Gas has divided its BPO governance among functional areas within the organization, each containing a comprehensive set of processes to monitor and control the cost effectiveness and quality of services provided through the BPO.
For commitments related to Washington Gas’ pension and post-retirement benefit plans, during the three months ended December 31, 2018, Washington Gas did not contribute to its qualified pension plan but did contribute and make payment of $0.5 million to its DB SERP. In addition, Washington Gas contributed $1.3 million to its health and life insurance benefit plans during the three months ended December 31, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2019, Washington Gas does not expect to make a contribution to its qualified pension plan but does expect to make a payment totaling $20.2 million to its DB SERP, which will be funded by the rabbi trust. Washington Gas does not expect to make a contribution to its health and life insurance benefit plans during the year ended December 31, 2019. For a further discussion of our pension and post-retirement benefit plans, refer to Note 9—Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans of the Notes to Financial Statements.
 Merger Commitments
Approval of the Merger with AltaGas across all jurisdictions was conditioned upon AltaGas and Washington Gas agreeing to certain financial commitments including, but not limited to: customer bill credits, funding for low-income weatherization and energy efficiency initiatives, public safety programs, energy educational programs, gas expansion fund contributions, workplace development initiatives, charitable contributions, and other required commitments. The commitments are scheduled to be funded within various time frames ranging from 30 days to 10 years after the Merger closed on July 6, 2018. In addition, the commitments related to Maryland were subject to a Most Favored Nation (MFN) provision that may change the amount or nature of the commitments. We recognized $0.4 million and $139.6 million of merger commitment expenses for three months ended December 31, 2018 and fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, respectively. $111.1 million has been paid as of December 31, 2018, with $29.0 million remaining as a liability.
The following additional commitments by Washington Gas will have an impact on our consolidated financial statements when the transactions are incurred in the future:
1)Hiring of three damage prevention trainers in each jurisdiction for a total of $2.4 million over 5 years;

44

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


2)Investment of up to $70.0 million over a 10-year period to further extend natural gas service to areas within Washington Gas' service territory, which will be incorporated into Washington Gas's ongoing capital plan;
3)Spending $8.0 million on leak mitigation and reducing leak backlogs within 3 years after the Merger close; and
4)Development of 15MW of either electric grid energy storage or Tier 1 renewable resources within 5 years.
In addition, there are a number of operational commitments that will have an impact on the ongoing business of Washington Gas, including reductions of leak backlogs, conducting a root cause analysis related to customer service, increasing supplier diversity, achieving synergy savings benefits, developing protocols for moving meters from inside to outside customers’ premises, as well as reporting and tracking related to all the commitments.
For a discussion of merger related commitments, refer to Note 18 Merger with AltaGas Ltd. of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 Financial Guarantees
At December 31, 2018, there were no guarantees to external parties.

CREDIT RISK
Wholesale Credit Risk
Washington Gas enters into transactions with wholesale counterparties for the purpose of meeting firm ratepayer commitments, to optimize the value of its long-term capacity assets, and for hedging natural gas costs. Certain wholesale suppliers that sell natural gas to Washington Gas may have relatively low credit ratings or may not be rated by major credit rating agencies. In the event of a counterparty’s failure to deliver contracted volumes of gas or fulfill its payment obligations, Washington Gas may incur losses that would typically be passed through to its sales customers under the purchased gas cost adjustment mechanisms; however, Washington Gas may be at risk for financial loss to the extent these losses are not passed through to its customers.
 Washington Gas operates under an existing wholesale counterparty credit policy that is designed to mitigate credit risks through requirements for credit enhancements including, but not limited to, letters of credit, parent guarantees and cash collateral when deemed necessary. In accordance with this policy, Washington Gas has obtained credit enhancements from certain of its counterparties. If certain counterparties or their guarantors meet the policy’s creditworthiness criteria, Washington Gas may grant unsecured credit to those counterparties or their guarantors. The creditworthiness of all counterparties is continuously monitored.
The following table provides information on our credit exposure, net of collateral, to wholesale counterparties as of December 31, 2018.
Credit Exposure to Wholesale Counterparties (In millions)
Rating(a) 
Exposure
Before Credit
Collateral(b)
 
Offsetting Credit
Collateral Held(c)
 
Net
Exposure
 
Number of
Counterparties
Greater Than
10%(d)
 
Net Exposure of
Counterparties
Greater Than 10%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment Grade
$
69.7

 
$

 
$
69.7

 
3

 
$
41.6

Non-Investment Grade

 

 

 

 

No External Ratings
4.2

 
1.8

 
2.3

 

 

(a) Investment grade is primarily determined using publicly available credit ratings of the counterparty. If the counterparty has provided a guarantee by a higher-rated entity (e.g., its parent), it is determined based upon the rating of its guarantor. Included in “Investment grade” are counterparties with a minimum Standard & Poor’s or Moody’s Investor Service rating of BBB- or Baa3, respectively.
(b) Includes the net of all open positions on energy-related derivatives subject to mark-to-market accounting requirements and the net receivable/payable for the realized transactions. Amounts due from counterparties are offset by liabilities payable to those counterparties to the extent that contractual netting arrangements are in place.
(c) Represents cash deposits and letters of credit received from counterparties, not adjusted for probability of default.
(d) Using a percentage of the net exposure.
Retail Credit Risk
Washington Gas is exposed to the risk of non-payment of utility bills by certain of its customers. To manage this customer credit risk, Washington Gas may require cash deposits from its high risk customers to cover payment of their bills until the requirements for the deposit refunds are met. In addition, Washington Gas has a purchase of receivables (POR) program in Maryland and the District of Columbia, whereby it purchases receivables from participating energy marketers at approved

45

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


discount rates. Under the program, Washington Gas is exposed to the risk of non-payment by the retail customers for these receivables. This risk is factored into the approved discount rate at which Washington Gas purchases the receivables. Base rates include a provision for recovery of uncollectible accounts based on historical levels of charge offs of accounts receivable. Washington Gas also has a provision in its Gas Administrative Charge mechanism that includes an allowance for uncollectible accounts.
MARKET RISK
We are exposed to various forms of market risk including commodity price risk, weather risk and interest-rate risk. The following discussion describes these risks and our management of them.
Price Risk
Washington Gas faces price risk associated with the purchase and sale of natural gas. Washington Gas generally recovers the cost of the natural gas to serve customers through gas cost recovery mechanisms as approved in jurisdictional tariffs; therefore, a change in the price of natural gas generally has no direct effect on Washington Gas’ net income. However, Washington Gas is responsible for following competitive and reasonable practices in purchasing natural gas for its customers.
To manage price risk associated with its natural gas supply to its firm customers, Washington Gas: (i) actively manages its gas supply portfolio to balance sales and delivery obligations; (ii) injects natural gas into storage during the summer months when prices are generally lower, and withdraws that gas during the winter heating season when prices are generally higher and (iii) enters into hedging contracts and other contracts that may qualify as derivative instruments related to the sale and purchase of natural gas.
Washington Gas executes commodity-related physical and financial contracts in the form of forward, futures and option contracts as part of an asset optimization program that is managed by its internal staff. Under this program, Washington Gas realizes value from its long-term natural gas transportation and storage capacity resources when they are not being fully used to serve utility customers. Regulatory sharing mechanisms in all three jurisdictions allow the profit from these transactions to be shared between Washington Gas’ customers and shareholders.
The following two tables summarize the changes in the fair value of our net assets (liabilities) associated with the energy-related derivatives during the three months ended December 31, 2018. 
Changes in Fair Value of Energy-Related Derivatives
(In millions)
  
Net assets (liabilities) at September 30, 2018
$
(95.7
)
Net fair value of contracts entered into during the period

Other changes in net fair value
(9.2
)
Realized net settlement of derivatives
(1.4
)
Net assets (liabilities) at December 31, 2018
$
(106.3
)

Roll Forward of Energy-Related Derivatives
(In millions)
  
Net assets (liabilities) at September 30, 2018
$
(95.7
)
Recorded to income
(3.2
)
Recorded to regulatory assets/liabilities
(6.0
)
Realized net settlement of derivatives
(1.4
)
Net assets (liabilities) at December 31, 2018
$
(106.3
)

The maturity dates in calendar years of our net assets (liabilities) associated with the energy-related derivatives recorded at fair value at December 31, 2018, is summarized in the following table based on the level of the fair value calculation under ASC Topic 820:
 

46

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)



Maturity of Net Assets (Liabilities) Associated with our Energy-Related Derivatives
 
 
  
 
 
 
(In millions)
2019
 
2020
 
2021
 
2022
 
2023
 
Thereafter
 
Total
Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Level 2 — Significant other observable inputs
0.3

 

 

 

 

 

 
0.3

Level 3 — Significant unobservable inputs
(1.1
)
 
(0.9
)
 
(3.9
)
 
(5.9
)
 
(4.5
)
 
(90.3
)
 
(106.6
)
Total net assets (liabilities) associated with our energy-related derivatives
$
(0.8
)
 
$
(0.9
)
 
$
(3.9
)
 
$
(5.9
)
 
$
(4.5
)
 
$
(90.3
)
 
$
(106.3
)
Refer to Note 13-Derivatives and Note 14- Fair Value Measurements of the Notes to Financial Statements for a further discussion of our derivative activities and fair value measurements.
Weather Risk
We are exposed to various forms of weather risk. Washington Gas’ operations are seasonal, with a significant portion of its revenues derived from the delivery of natural gas to residential and commercial heating customers during the winter heating season. Weather conditions directly influence the volume of natural gas delivered by Washington Gas. Weather patterns tend to be more volatile during “shoulder” months within our calendar year in which Washington Gas is going into or coming out of the primary portion of its winter heating season. During the shoulder months within quarters ending June 30 (particularly in April and May) and December 31 (particularly in October and November), customer heating usage may not highly correlate with historical levels or with the level of heating degree days (HDDs) that occur, particularly when weather patterns experienced are not consistently cold or warm.
To the extent Washington Gas does not have weather related instruments or billing adjustment mechanisms in place, its revenues are volume driven and its current rates are based upon an assumption of normal weather. In the District of Columbia, without weather protection strategies, variations from normal weather will cause our earnings to increase or decrease depending on the weather pattern.
Billing Adjustment Mechanisms. In Maryland, Washington Gas has a Revenue Normalization Adjustment (RNA) billing mechanism that is designed to stabilize the level of net revenues collected from Maryland customers by eliminating the effect of deviations in customer usage caused by variations in weather from normal levels and other factors such as conservation. In Virginia, Washington Gas has a Weather Normalization Adjustment (WNA) billing adjustment mechanism that is designed to eliminate the effect of variations in weather from normal levels on utility net revenues. Additionally, in Virginia, as part of the Conservation and Ratemaking Efficiency (CARE) plan, Washington Gas has a CARE Ratemaking Adjustment (CRA) mechanism that, in conjunction with the WNA, eliminates the effect of both weather and other factors such as conservation for residential, small commercial and industrial and group metered apartment customers.
For the RNA, WNA and CRA mechanisms, periods of colder-than-normal weather generally would cause Washington Gas to record a reduction to its revenues and establish a refund liability to customers, while the opposite would generally result during periods of warmer-than-normal weather. However, factors such as volatile weather patterns and customer conservation may cause the RNA and the CRA mechanisms to function conversely because they adjust billed revenues to provide a designed level of net revenue per meter.
Interest-Rate Risk
We are exposed to interest-rate risk associated with our short-term and long-term financing. Washington Gas utilizes derivative instruments from time to time in order to reduce its exposure to the risk of interest-rate volatility, with resulting gains and losses typically being recovered through each jurisdiction’s overall allowed rate of return.
Short-Term Debt. At December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, Washington Gas had outstanding notes payable, including commercial paper and project financing of $311.5 million, $163.5 million and $166.8 million, respectively. The carrying amount of our short-term debt approximates fair value. A change of 100 basis points in the underlying average interest rate for our commercial paper would have caused a change in interest expense of approximately $0.8 million.
Long-Term Debt. At December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, Washington Gas had outstanding fixed-rate MTNs and other long-term debt of $1,035.0 million, $1,084.9 million and $1,134.5 million, respectively, excluding current maturities. As of December 31, 2018, the fair value of Washington Gas’ fixed-rate debt was $1,096.3 million. Our sensitivity analysis indicates that fair value would increase by approximately $61.4 million or decrease by approximately $56.5 million if interest rates were to decline or increase by 10%, respectively, from current market levels. In general, such an

47

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


increase or decrease in fair value would impact earnings and cash flows only if Washington Gas were to reacquire some or all of these instruments in the open market prior to their maturity.
A total of $902.5 million, or approximately 86.3% of the face amount of Washington Gas’ outstanding long-term debt, excluding current maturities, have make-whole call options which would require us to pay a premium over the face amount if we were to exercise them.
 Refer to Note 13 - Derivatives of the Notes to Financial Statements for a further discussion of our interest-rate risk management activity.

RATES AND REGULATORY MATTERS
Washington Gas makes its requests to modify existing rates based on its determination of the level of net investment in plant and equipment, operating expenses, and a level of return on invested capital that is just and reasonable.  
Summary of Major Rate Increase Applications and Results
Jurisdiction
 Application 
Filed
Effective
Date
 Test Year 12 
Months
Ended
  Increase in Annual Revenues  
(Millions)
  Allowed Rate of
     Return     
Requested
Granted
Overall
Equity
District of Columbia
2/26/2016
3/24/2017
9/30/2015
$
17.3

7.57
%
$
8.5

7.60
%
7.60
%
9.25
%
Maryland
5/15/2018
12/11/2018
3/31/2018
$
56.3

10.96
%
$
28.6

5.69
%
7.30
%
9.70
%
Maryland
4/26/2013
11/22/2013
3/31/2013
$
28.3

5.80
%
$
8.9

1.80
%
7.70
%
9.50
%
Virginia
7/31/2018
 
12/31/2017
$
37.6

7.18
%
 
 
7.94%(a)

10.60%(a)

Virginia
6/30/2016
11/28/2016
9/30/2015
$
45.6

9.30
%
$
34.0

6.93
%
— %(b)

9.50
%
(a) The overall rate of return and return on equity are rates requested by Washington Gas in its most recent rate case.
(b)The Virginia order did not specify an overall allowed rate of return.
The following is a discussion of significant current regulatory matters. Refer to the section "Accelerated Pipe Replacement Programs" for a discussion of regulatory matters associated with those programs.
District of Columbia Jurisdiction
Investigation into the Establishment of a Purchase of Receivables Program. On June 15, 2017, the PSC of DC directed Washington Gas to develop a Purchase of Receivables (POR) program for natural gas suppliers and their customers in the District of Columbia.  On July 15, 2017, Washington Gas submitted its Purchase of Receivables Implementation Plan which was approved by the PSC of DC on October 19, 2017.  On March 30, 2018, Washington Gas filed its proposed Purchase of Receivables discount rates for Commission approval. On June 7, 2018, one of the parties in the case requested a six-week extension for implementation of the program. On June 19, 2018, the PSC of DC issued an Order granting approval of the implementation date extension. On September 13, 2018, Washington Gas filed updated Purchase of Receivables and Joint Proposal for discount rates. On October 17, 2018, the PSC of DC issued an Order directing Washington Gas to implement the POR program as outlined in the Order and file an updated discount rate and implementation schedule within 15 days of the date of the Order. On October 23, 2018, Washington Gas provided to the PSC of DC an updated discount rate schedule and implementation plan. Washington Gas implemented the program in January 2019.
Application for Approval of Reduction of Distribution Rates. On January 12, 2018, Washington Gas filed an application with the PSC of DC for approval of reduction of distribution rates to reflect the Tax Act. Washington Gas sought to change current distribution service rates for all classes of customers served in the District of Columbia, effective for meter readings on and after January 29, 2018. On January 23, 2018, Washington Gas was directed to track the impact of the Tax Act on revenue requirements beginning January 1, 2018, recording all impacts to regulatory assets and liabilities. On June 29, 2018, the PSC of DC approved a settlement agreement reached between Washington Gas and several parties, effective for service rendered on or after July 1, 2018. The regulatory liability balance for the period January 1, 2018 through June 30, 2018 was refunded to customers through a one-time bill credit beginning with Washington Gas' December 2018 billing cycle. At December 31, 2018, Washington Gas had issued $5.0 million of the $5.1 million accrued for one time bill credits. Refer to Note 8-Income Taxes of

48

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of regulatory liabilities we have established related to tax reform.

Project Pipes 2 Plan - On December 7, 2018, Washington Gas filed a request with the PSC of DC for approval of a Project Pipes 2 (“PIPES 2 Plan”) extension plan for the period of October 1, 2019 through December 31, 2024.  The PIPES 2 Plan seeks to address relatively higher risk pipe associated with an aging infrastructure by replacing pipe materials and components, as well as adding new features to enhance the safety of Washington Gas’s system, with an estimated total cost of $305.3 million. On December 21, 2018, OPC filed a motion for an extension of 90 days for comments and reply comments. On January 16, 2019, the PSC of DC issued an order approving in part and denying in part the OPC’s request.  The comment period is extended an additional 60 days and reply comments are due by April 8, 2019. 
Maryland Jurisdiction
Maryland Rate Case. On May 15, 2018, Washington Gas filed an application with the PSC of MD to increase its base rates for natural gas service, generating $41.3 million in additional annual revenue. The revenue increase represents an increase in base rates of $56.3 million including $15.0 million that were being paid by customers in annual surcharges under STRIDE. Additionally, the proposed rate increase includes provisions designed to deliver the benefits of natural gas to more customers that include: (i) continued progress towards the replacement of aging infrastructure; (ii) ongoing network upgrades for improved service in Maryland and (iii) rising cost of service of providing safe, reliable natural gas service in its Maryland service territory. On December 11, 2018 the PSC of MD denied Washington Gas’ request for $56.3 million in new revenues. The PSC of MD granted the Company $28.6 million in new revenues and increased the Company’s return on equity to 9.7%.  In addition to other items, the order denied recovery of a previously approved regulatory asset in Maryland for costs incurred in implementing BPO 2.0. At December 31, 2018, Washington Gas recorded a $2.5 million impairment of the regulatory asset as these costs are no longer probable of recovery. On January 10, 2019 Washington Gas filed an application for rehearing with the PSC of MD, alleging two errors in the agency’s final order. Washington Gas believes the PSC of MD will render a decision on the Company’s application for rehearing in the first or second quarter of 2019.
Maryland STRIDE 2 Case. On June 15, 2018 Washington Gas filed an application with the PSC of MD for approval of the second phase of its accelerated natural gas pipeline replacement initiative. The application requested $393.6 million in accelerated infrastructure replacements for the 2019-2023 period. On December 11, 2018 the PSC of MD issued an order authorizing Washington Gas' application for the approval of the second phase of its accelerated natural gas pipeline replacement initiative. The PSC of MD directed the Company to remove construction contingencies from project cost estimates, the result of which lowered the authorized budget for the 5-year second phase from the requested $393.6 million to $350.0 million. As directed by the order, on January 9, 2019, Washington Gas removed the construction contingencies from project cost estimates and supplemented its 2019 Project List to sustain an initial annual spend of $64.6 million. On January 25, 2019 the PSC of MD approved the revised 2019 Project List and affirmed the Company’s initial annual spend of $64.6 million.
Termination Notice Inquiry. On March 28, 2017, the PSC of MD initiated an investigation into the service termination notices sent by Washington Gas to its customers between December 1, 2013 and December 31, 2016. The case investigated whether the service termination notices complied with Code of Maryland Regulations. The PSC of MD’s investigation of this matter considered whether fines and or a civil penalty should be assessed. A procedural schedule was adopted in the case, but was suspended to permit the parties to engage in settlement discussions. On April 6, 2018, the Chief Public Utility Law Judge for the PSC of MD issued a proposed order approving the settlement agreement between Washington Gas and the Maryland Office of the People’s Counsel (OPC), which was filed with the PSC of MD on February 15, 2018. The proposed order became a final order of the Commission on April 23, 2018. Per the settlement agreement, in lieu of any civil penalty or fine, Washington Gas made a distribution to the Washington Area Fuel Fund in May 2018. Through December 31, 2018, Washington Gas had issued $1.9 million of refunds to current and former customers and there is no liability outstanding.
Application for Approval of Reduction of Distribution Rates. On January 12, 2018, Washington Gas filed an application with the PSC of MD for approval of reduction of distribution rates to reflect the Tax Act. Washington Gas sought to change current distribution service rates for all classes of customers served in Maryland, effective for meter readings on and after January 29, 2018. On January 31, 2018, the PSC of MD approved the application effective for bills rendered on or after February 1, 2018. Refer to Note 8—Income Taxes of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of regulatory liabilities we have established related to tax reform.

49

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


Virginia Jurisdiction
Virginia Rate Case - 2018. On July 31, 2018, Washington Gas filed an application with the SCC of VA to increase its base rates for natural gas service by $37.6 million, which includes $14.7 million of revenue associated with natural gas pipeline replacement initiatives previously approved by the Commission and paid by customers through a monthly rider. Additionally, the requested revenue amount reflects a $16.3 million reduction for lower tax expense due to the implementation of the Tax Act and excludes any costs related to the acquisition of Washington Gas by AltaGas on July 6, 2018. At December 31, 2018, Washington Gas had accrued $19.2 million related to the Tax Act. Refer to Note 8—Income Taxes for a discussion of regulatory liabilities we have established related to tax reform and Note 18—Merger with AltaGas, Ltd. for a discussion of the merger. On August 23, 2018, the Commission issued an Order setting a procedural schedule and appointing a Hearing Examiner. Interim rates became effective, subject to refund, for usage in the January 2019 billing cycle.
Service Agreement with AltaGas entities. On December 17, 2018, SCC of Virginia approved the Service Agreement between
Washington Gas Light Company and AltaGas Services (U.S.) Inc., AltaGas Power Holdings (U.S.) Inc., AltaGas Utility Holdings (U.S.) Inc., Wrangler 1 LLC, SEMCO Energy, Inc., and AltaGas Marketing (U.S.) Inc. (collectively, the Affiliates). Pursuant to the agreement, Washington Gas will provide certain financial and administrative services to the affiliates and bills the cost of services rendered to the affiliates on monthly basis. The cost shall be fairly and equitably apportioned among the Affiliates.
Other Matters
Labor Contracts.  Washington Gas has four labor contracts with bargaining units represented by three labor unions. On April 30, 2015, Washington Gas entered into a five-year labor contract with the Teamsters Local Union No. 96 (Local 96), a union affiliated with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. The contract covers approximately 543 employees and is effective from June 1, 2015 through May 31, 2020. Local 96 also represents union-eligible employees in the Shenandoah Gas division of Washington Gas and has a five-year labor contract with Washington Gas that became effective on August 1, 2015 and expires on July 31, 2020. This contract covers approximately 28 employees. Washington Gas entered into a three-year labor contract with the Office and Professional Employees International Union (OPEIU-Local 2). The contract covers approximately 101 employees. OPEIU-Local 2 ratified the contract on March 21, 2016 and is effective from April 1, 2016 through March 31, 2019. Additionally, on August 1, 2017, Washington Gas entered into a three-year labor contract with the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 1900 that covers approximately 27 employees and will expire on July 31, 2020. Washington Gas is subject to the terms of its labor contracts with respect to operating practices and compensation matters dealing with employees represented by the various bargaining units described above.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in compliance with GAAP requires the selection and the application of appropriate technical accounting guidance to the relevant facts and circumstances of our operations, as well as our use of estimates to compile the consolidated financial statements. The application of these accounting policies involves judgment regarding estimates and projected outcomes of future events, including the likelihood of success of particular regulatory initiatives, the likelihood of realizing estimates for legal and environmental contingencies, and the probability of recovering costs and investments in both the regulated utility and non-regulated business segments.
We have identified the following critical accounting policies discussed below that require our judgment and estimation, where the resulting estimates have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized in the period in which customers obtain control of promised goods or services and performance obligations are satisfied in an amount equal to the consideration in which the Company is entitled to receive in exchange for the promised goods and services. Generally, control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customer when the natural gas is delivered to the customer.
See Note 1 - Accounting Policies and Note 2 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers of the Notes to the Financial Statements for additional information.

50

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


Accounting for Unbilled Revenue
For regulated deliveries of natural gas, Washington Gas reads meters and bills customers on a monthly cycle basis. The billing cycles for customers do not coincide with the accounting periods used for financial reporting purposes. Washington Gas accrues unbilled revenues for gas that has been delivered but not yet billed at the end of an accounting period by jurisdiction and customer class, including the estimated effects of billing adjustment mechanisms.
Accounting for Regulatory Operations—Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
A significant portion of our business is subject to regulation by independent government entities. As the regulated utility industry continues to address competitive market issues, the cost-of-service regulation used to compensate Washington Gas for the cost of its regulated operations will continue to evolve. Non-traditional ratemaking initiatives and market-based pricing of products and services could have additional long-term financial implications for us. The carrying cost of Washington Gas’ investment in fixed assets assumes continued regulatory oversight of our operations.
Washington Gas’ jurisdictional tariffs contain mechanisms that provide for the recovery of the cost of gas consumed by firm customers. Under these mechanisms, Washington Gas periodically adjusts its firm customers’ rates to reflect fluctuations in the cost of gas. Annually, Washington Gas reconciles the difference between the gas costs collected from firm customers and the cost of gas incurred, defers any difference and either recovers deficiencies from, or refunds excess recoveries to, customers over a period of time authorized by its regulators.
Washington Gas accounts for its regulated operations in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 980, Regulated Operations (ASC Topic 980), which results in differences in the application of GAAP between regulated and unregulated businesses. ASC Topic 980 requires recording regulatory assets or liabilities for certain transactions that would have been treated as expense or revenue in unregulated businesses. Washington Gas defers the recognition of an incurred cost and records a regulatory asset when it is probable that these costs will be recovered in future rates. Washington Gas defers the recognition of revenue and records a regulatory liability when it is probable that it will refund an amount previously collected from customers or refund a gain to customers. Additionally, Washington Gas records a regulatory liability when a regulator provides current rates intended to recover costs that will be incurred in the future. Future regulatory changes or changes in the competitive environment could result in WGL and Washington Gas discontinuing the application of ASC Topic 980 for some of its business and require the write-off of the portion of any regulatory asset or liability for which recovery or refund is no longer probable. If Washington Gas were required to discontinue the application of ASC Topic 980 for any of its operations, it would record a non-cash charge or credit to income for the net book value of its regulatory assets and liabilities. Other adjustments might also be required.
The current regulatory environment and Washington Gas’ specific facts and circumstances support both the continued application of ASC Topic 980 for our regulatory activities and the conclusion that all of our regulatory assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2018 are recoverable or refundable through rates charged to customers. See Note 3—Regulated Operations of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of our regulated operations.
Accounting for Income Taxes
We recognize deferred income tax assets and liabilities for all temporary differences between the financial statement basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities computed on a separate company basis. Our deferred income taxes include those that are currently excluded for ratemaking purposes of Washington Gas, in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Accounting for Income Taxes.
Regulatory assets or liabilities, corresponding to such additional deferred tax assets or liabilities, may be recorded to the extent recoverable from or payable to customers through the ratemaking process in future periods. These deferred income tax related regulatory assets and liabilities primarily represent differences between the financial statement basis and tax basis of net utility plant in service.
The company is currently amortizing deferred investment tax credits to income over the life of the related property.
See Note 8—Income Taxes of the Notes to Financial Statements for further discussion of income taxes.
Accounting for Contingencies
We account for contingent liabilities utilizing ASC Topic 450, Contingencies. By their nature, the amount of the contingency and the timing of a contingent event and any resulting accounting recognition are subject to our judgment of such events and

51

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


our estimates of the amounts. Actual results related to contingencies may be difficult to predict and could differ significantly from the estimates included in reported earnings. For a discussion of contingencies, see Note 12—Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Accounting for Derivatives
We enter into both physical and financial contracts for the purchase and sale of natural gas and apply the fair value requirements of ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The financial and physical contracts that qualify as derivative instruments and are subject to the mark-to-market accounting requirements are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments which are recoverable or refundable to customers when they settle are subject to ASC Topic 980 and are recorded as regulatory assets or liabilities while changes in the fair value of derivative instruments not affected by rate regulation are reflected in earnings
Washington Gas also utilize derivative instruments to minimize the risk of interest-rate volatility associated with planned issuances of debt securities. Washington Gas applies ASC Topic 980 and the impact of the instruments are offset on the balance sheet as regulatory assets or liabilities.
Judgment is required in determining the appropriate accounting treatment for our derivative instruments, including our ability to: (i) evaluate contracts and other activities as derivative instruments subject to the accounting guidelines of ASC Topic 815; (ii) determine whether or not our derivative instruments are recoverable from or refundable to customers in future periods and (iii) derive the estimated fair value of our derivative instruments. See Note 13— Derivatives of the Notes to Financial Statements for a discussion of our derivatives.
Accounting for Fair Value Instruments
Fair value is based on actively quoted market prices when they are available. In the absence of actively quoted market prices, we seek indicative price information from external sources, including broker quotes and industry publications. If pricing information from external sources is not available, internal models are used to estimate prices based on available historical and near-term future price information and/or the use of statistical methods. These inputs are used with industry standard valuation methodologies. See Note 14— Fair Value Measurements of the Notes to Financial Statements for a discussion of our valuation methodologies.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
Management regularly reviews property and equipment and other long-lived assets for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. For our properties and equipment, the indicators of potential impairment may include a deteriorating business or legal climate, a significant adverse change in asset condition, specific regulatory disallowance, advances in technology or plans to dispose of an asset significantly before the end of its useful life, among others. Management performs the recoverability test whenever the indicators show a possible impairment.  The carrying amount of recoverability is determined based on an estimate of undiscounted cash flows, and measurement of an impairment loss is determined based on the fair value of the assets. The determination of fair value requires management to make assumptions about future cash inflows and outflows over the life of an asset. Any changes to the assumptions used for the future cash flow could result in revisions to the evaluation of the recoverability of the long-lived assets and the recognition of an impairment loss in the Financial Statements.
Accounting for Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans
Washington Gas maintains a qualified, trusteed, employee-non-contributory defined benefit pension plan (qualified pension plan) covering most active and vested former employees of Washington Gas and a separate non-qualified defined benefit supplemental retirement plan (DB SERP) covering certain executive officers. The qualified pension plan and DB SERP were closed to new entrants on January 1, 2010. As of January 1, 2010, all new employees were entitled to participate in our defined contribution plans, and certain management employees receive benefits under a non-funded defined benefit restoration plan (DB Restoration). The DB Restoration was established for the purpose of providing supplemental pension and pension related benefits. Washington Gas also provides certain health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees (health and life benefit plan). Washington Gas accrues the estimated benefit obligation for all of our defined benefit plans as earned by the covered employees. The qualified pension plan and health and life benefit plan benefits are paid out of the respective trusts. For the unfunded DB SERP and DB Restoration, Washington Gas pays, from internal funds, the individual benefits as they are due or from funds held in rabbi trusts formed to fully satisfy certain outstanding employee benefit obligations immediately prior to

52

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


the merger close. The qualified pension plan, DB SERP, DB Restoration and health and life benefit plans are collectively referred to as the “Plans.”
The measurement of the Plans’ obligations and costs is dependent on a variety of factors, such as employee demographics, the level of contributions made to the Plans, earnings on the Plans’ assets and mortality rates. The following assumptions are also critical to this measurement. These assumptions are derived on an annual basis with the assistance of a third-party actuarial firm:
Discount rate,
Expected long-term return on plan assets,
Rate of compensation increase, 
Healthcare cost trend rate and
Projected increases to the Health Reimbursement Account (HRA) plan stipend.
We determine the discount rate based on a portfolio of high quality fixed-income investments (AA- as assigned by Standard & Poor’s or Aa3 as assigned by Moody’s or better) whose cash flows would cover our expected benefit payments. We determine the expected long-term rate of return by averaging the expected earnings for the target asset portfolio. In developing the expected rate of return assumption, we evaluate an analysis of historical actual performance and long-term return projections, which gives consideration to the asset mix and anticipated length of obligation of the Plans. Historically, the expected long-term return on plan assets has been lower for the health and life benefit plan than for the qualified pension plan due to differences in the allocation of the assets in the plan trusts and the taxable status of one of the trusts. We calculate the rate of compensation increase based on salary expectations, expected inflation levels, union negotiated salary rates and promotional expectations. The healthcare cost trend rate is determined by working with insurance carriers, reviewing historical claims data for the health and life benefit plan, considering plan provisions and analyzing market expectations. Effective January 1, 2015, Medicare eligible retirees and dependents age 65 and older receive an annual subsidy of $3,300 as a benefit from the HRA plan and, therefore, the value of the benefits provided to these participants is not affected by the healthcare cost trend rate. While the HRA plan terms do not guarantee increases to the stipend, Washington Gas intends to review the stipend annually. Washington Gas assumed no increase to the annual subsidy until 2020 when the stipend is expected to increase 3.0% each year in order to approximate possible future increases to the stipend.
The following table illustrates the effect of changing these actuarial assumptions, while holding all other assumptions constant:
Effect of Changing Critical Actuarial Assumptions
(In millions)
 
 
Pension Benefits
  
Health and Life Benefits
Actuarial Assumptions
Percentage-Point
Change in
Assumption
  
Increase
(Decrease) in
Ending
Obligation
  
Increase
(Decrease) in
Annual Cost
  
Increase
(Decrease) in
Ending
Obligation
  
Increase  
(Decrease) in
Annual Cost  
Expected long-term return on plan assets
+/- 1.00 pt.
  
n/a
 
$(1.9) / $1.9
  
n/a
 
$(1.3) / $1.3
Discount rate
+/- 0.25 pt.
  
$(29.2) / $30.8
 
$(0.6) / $0.6
  
$(8.7) / $9.2
 
$(0.0) / $0.0
Rate of compensation increase
+/- 0.25 pt.
  
$4.6 / $(4.5)
 
$0.2 / $(0.2)
  
n/a
 
n/a
Healthcare cost trend rate
+/- 1.00 pt.
  
n/a
 
n/a
  
$5.2 / $(4.6)
 
$0.2 / $(0.1)
Projected increases to the HRA plan stipend
+/- 1.00 pt.
 
n/a
 
n/a
 
$31.4 / $(25.6)
 
$0.7 / $(0.6)
We have historically utilized the Society of Actuaries’ (SOA) published mortality data in developing a best estimate of mortality as part of the calculation of the pension and other post-retirement benefit obligations. On October 27, 2014, the SOA published updated mortality tables for U.S. plans (RP-2014) and an updated improvement scale (MP-2014), which both reflect improved longevity. Subsequently, the SOA published updated improvement scales (MP-2015, MP-2016, MP-2017, and MP-2018) which, compared to MP-2014, includes more recent mortality experience data and projects a lower rate of future mortality improvement. We used the RP-2014 and MP-2018 mortality tables to determine the benefit obligations as of

53

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


December 31, 2018. For the September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 benefit obligations, we used the RP-2014 table and a modified MP-2014 improvement scale. The MP-2014 improvement scale assumes that short-term rates of mortality improvement will converge to 1.00% per annum up to age 85 trending down to 0% between age 85 and age 115 with the ultimate long-term rate of improvement over a 20-year period from 2007 to 2027. Based upon an evaluation of the information provided by the SOA related to the RP-2014 tables and the MP-2014 improvement scale as well as recent additional studies of mortality improvement, we adopted the RP-2014 tables and adopted a modified improvement scale. We have modified the MP-2014 improvement scale to (a) adjust the ultimate long-term rate of mortality improvement from 1.00% to 0.75% per annum up to age 85 trending down to 0% between age 85 and age 115; and (b) shorten the convergence period from short term to ultimate rates of improvement from the 20-year period to a 15-year period.
Differences between actuarial assumptions and actual plan results are deferred and amortized into cost when the accumulated differences exceed ten percent of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the market-related value of the plan assets. If necessary, the excess is amortized over the average remaining service period of active employees. At December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, the discount rates for the pension, DB SERP and DB Restoration plans were 4.4%, 4.3% and 4.3%, compared to 3.9%, 3.6% and 3.6%, respectively, at September 30, 2017. The average remaining service period for these plans range from 4 to 9 years. The health and post-retirement plans discount rate at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 was 4.4%, compared to 3.9% at September 30, 2017. The average remaining service period for these plans are 14 years. The higher discount rates reflect the change in long-term interest rates primarily due to current market conditions. The change in the discount rates when comparing September 30, 2018 and 2017 resulted in actuarial gains decreasing our pension and other post-retirement obligations $66.4 million and $19.5 million, respectively, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. Refer to Note 9 —Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans of the Notes to Financial Statements for a listing of the actuarial assumptions used and for further discussion of the accounting for the Plans.

54

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk


ITEM 7A.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
The following issues related to our market risks are included under Item 7 of this report and are incorporated by reference into this discussion.
 
Price Risk

Weather Risk

Interest-Rate Risk

55

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
 
Washington Gas Light Company
Balance Sheets
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
 
December 31
 
September 30,
(In thousands)
2018
 
2018
 
2017
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
Property, Plant and Equipment
 
 
 
 
 
At original cost
$
5,702,927

 
$
5,613,137

 
$
5,310,337

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(1,513,590
)
 
(1,495,683
)
 
(1,422,622
)
Net property, plant and equipment
4,189,337

 
4,117,454

 
3,887,715

Current Assets
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
6,082

 
1

 
1

Receivables
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
292,871

 
165,257

 
190,740

Gas costs and other regulatory assets
6,020

 
5,054

 
21,705

Unbilled revenues
189,497

 
101,114

 
107,967

Allowance for doubtful accounts
(29,461
)
 
(29,622
)
 
(23,741
)
Net receivables
458,927

 
241,803

 
296,671

Materials and supplies—principally at average cost
19,727

 
20,650

 
20,126

Storage gas
103,929

 
101,379

 
92,753

Prepaid taxes
27,193

 
17,732

 
23,350

Other prepayments
28,232

 
24,449

 
13,238

Receivables from associated companies
4,819

 
2,227

 
32,362

Derivatives
19,488

 
17,441

 
5,061

Other
20,347

 
20,347

 
102

Total current assets
688,744


446,029

 
483,664

Deferred Charges and Other Assets
 
 
 
 
 
Regulatory assets
 
 
 
 
 
Gas costs
141,636

 
83,222

 
90,136

Pension and other post-retirement benefits
86,493

 
56,983

 
138,573

Other
99,105

 
104,050

 
104,538

Prepaid post-retirement benefits
249,462

 
284,277

 
230,283

Derivatives
11,318

 
8,736

 
16,244

Other
50,490

 
49,331

 
3,561

Total deferred charges and other assets
638,504

 
586,599

 
583,335

Total Assets
$
5,516,585

 
$
5,150,082

 
$
4,954,714

CAPITALIZATION AND LIABILITIES
 
 
 
 
 
Capitalization
 
 
 
 
 
Common shareholder’s equity
$
1,562,573

 
$
1,442,764

 
$
1,164,749

Preferred stock
28,173

 
28,173

 
28,173

Long-term debt
1,035,033

 
1,084,933

 
1,134,461

Total capitalization
2,625,779

 
2,555,870

 
2,327,383

Current Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
Current maturities of long-term debt
50,000

 
50,000

 

Notes payable and project financing
311,460

 
163,478

 
166,772

Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities
288,376

 
271,276

 
219,827

Wages payable
22,629

 
10,089

 
16,508

Accrued interest
14,504

 
4,000

 
3,967

Dividends declared
24,567

 
24,078

 
22,098

Customer deposits and advance payments
54,370

 
83,658

 
64,194

Gas costs and other regulatory liabilities
75,151

 
34,157

 
22,814

Accrued taxes
28,451

 
27,427

 
12,808

Payables to associated companies
95,228

 
21,548

 
94,844

Derivatives
20,295

 
14,838

 
30,263

Other
7,507

 
7,627

 
7,473

Total current liabilities
992,538

 
712,176

 
661,568

Deferred Credits
 
 
 
 
 
Unamortized investment tax credits
3,233

 
3,398

 
4,100

Deferred income taxes
454,248

 
409,807

 
888,385

Accrued pensions and benefits
156,210

 
118,204

 
179,814

Asset retirement obligations
300,769

 
298,202

 
291,871

Regulatory liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued asset removal costs
264,556

 
270,397

 
292,173

Other post-retirement benefits
121,345

 
159,152

 
134,181

Excess deferred taxes and other
431,913

 
443,665

 
9,403

Derivatives
116,847

 
104,165

 
112,299

Other
49,147

 
75,046

 
53,537

Total deferred credits
1,898,268

 
1,882,036

 
1,965,763

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 13)

 
 
 

Total Capitalization and Liabilities
$
5,516,585

 
$
5,150,082

 
$
4,954,714

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

56




Washington Gas Light Company
Statements of Income
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
  
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Fiscal Years Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
2018
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OPERATING REVENUES
$
402,101

 
$
1,248,063

 
$
1,166,968

 
$
1,070,904

OPERATING EXPENSES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Utility cost of gas
156,641

 
407,043

 
297,856

 
271,975

Operation and maintenance
102,728

 
544,180

 
340,604

 
329,303

Depreciation and amortization
34,948

 
135,071

 
129,428

 
114,605

General taxes and other assessments
38,552

 
148,178

 
134,696

 
130,231

Total Operating Expenses
332,869

 
1,234,472


902,584

 
846,114

OPERATING INCOME
69,232

 
13,591

 
264,384

 
224,790

Other income (expense) — net
3,494

 
(7,592
)
 
(545
)
 
1,434

Interest expense
15,706

 
58,504

 
52,207

 
41,444

INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES
57,020

 
(52,505
)
 
211,632

 
184,780

INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT)
7,847

 
(25,863
)
 
79,840

 
71,666

NET INCOME (LOSS)
$
49,173

 
$
(26,642
)
 
$
131,792

 
$
113,114

Dividends on preferred stock
330

 
1,320

 
1,320

 
1,320

NET INCOME (LOSS) APPLICABLE TO COMMON STOCK
$
48,843

 
$
(27,962
)
 
$
130,472

 
$
111,794

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

57




Washington Gas Light Company
Statements of Comprehensive Income
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
  
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Fiscal Years Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
2018
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
NET INCOME (LOSS)
$
49,173

 
$
(26,642
)
 
$
131,792

 
$
113,114

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), BEFORE INCOME TAXES:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pension and other post-retirement benefit plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in prior service cost
(226
)
 
(675
)
 
(767
)
 
(891
)
Change in actuarial net gain (loss)
(6,246
)
 
6,324

 
6,232

 
(936
)
Total pension and other post-retirement benefit plans
$
(6,472
)

$
5,649

 
$
5,465

 
$
(1,827
)
INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT) RELATED TO OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(1,675
)
 
2,957

 
2,157

 
(709
)
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
$
(4,797
)

$
2,692

 
$
3,308

 
$
(1,118
)
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
$
44,376


$
(23,950
)
 
$
135,100

 
$
111,996

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

58




Washington Gas Light Company
Statements of Cash Flows
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
Fiscal Years Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
2018
2018
 
2017
 
2016
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
49,173

$
(26,642
)
 
$
131,792

 
$
113,114

ADJUSTMENTS TO RECONCILE NET INCOME TO NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
34,948

135,071

 
129,428

 
114,605

Amortization of:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other regulatory assets and liabilities—net
1,859

6,917

 
6,422

 
1,909

Debt related costs
382

1,580

 
1,448

 
1,191

Deferred income taxes—net
8,012

(26,435
)
 
77,586

 
123,482

Accrued/deferred pension and other post-retirement benefit cost
(330
)
11,127

 
22,547

 
19,497

Compensation expense related to stock-based awards
1,353

19,067

 
16,153

 
11,452

Provision for doubtful accounts
5,940

20,224

 
14,484

 
10,945

Impairment loss
2,453

37,969

 

 

Unrealized (gain) loss on derivative contracts
4,200

(10,379
)
 
(48,950
)
 
(11,552
)
Amortization of investment tax credits
(165
)
(702
)
 
(751
)
 
(795
)
Other non-cash charges (credits)—net
(453
)
(2,450
)
 
(1,592
)
 
(197
)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (Note 17)
(201,840
)
(43,050
)
 
(141,238
)
 
(143,526
)
Net Cash (Used In) Provided by Operating Activities
(94,468
)
122,297

 
207,329

 
240,125

FINANCING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital contributions from parent
100,000

402,728

 

 

Long-term debt issued


 
195,556

 
248,125

Long-term debt retired
(50,000
)

 

 
(25,000
)
Debt issuance costs

(366
)
 
(661
)
 
(333
)
Notes payable issued (retired)—net
200,999

(27,998
)
 
81,000

 
(47,000
)
Project financing

53,018

 
9,314

 
38,468

Dividends on common stock and preferred stock
(24,078
)
(88,908
)
 
(87,118
)
 
(83,116
)
Other financing activities—net

(6,197
)
 
(1,982
)
 
(277
)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
226,921

332,277

 
196,109

 
130,867

INVESTING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net proceeds from sale of assets


 

 
19,749

Capital expenditures (excluding AFUDC)
(126,013
)
(392,830
)
 
(403,438
)
 
(390,741
)
Insurance proceeds related to investing properties

3,238

 

 

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
(126,013
)
(389,592
)
 
(403,438
)
 
(370,992
)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH
6,440

64,982

 

 

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at Beginning of the Year
64,983

1

 
1

 
1

Cash, Cash equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of the Year
$
71,423

$
64,983

 
$
1

 
$
1

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION (Note 19)
 
 
 
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

59




Washington Gas Light Company
Statements of Common Shareholder’s Equity
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
 
Common Stock
 
Paid-In Capital
 
Retained  Earnings
 
Accumulated Other   
Comprehensive
 Loss, Net of Taxes
 
 
(In thousands, except shares)
Shares     
 
Amount   
 
 
 
 
Total     
Balance, September 30, 2015
46,479,536

 
$
46,479

 
$
483,677

 
$
557,848

 
$
(6,712
)
 
$
1,081,292

Net income

 

 

 
113,114

 

 
113,114

Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 
(1,118
)
 
(1,118
)
Stock-based compensation(a)

 

 
4,458

 

 

 
4,458

Dividends declared:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock

 

 

 
(82,980
)
 

 
(82,980
)
Preferred stock

 

 

 
(1,320
)
 

 
(1,320
)
Balance, September 30, 2016
46,479,536

 
46,479

 
488,135

 
586,662

 
(7,830
)
 
1,113,446

Net income

 

 

 
131,792

 

 
131,792

Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 
3,308

 
3,308

Stock-based compensation(a)

 

 
3,966

 

 

 
3,966

Dividends declared:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock

 

 

 
(86,443
)
 

 
(86,443
)
Preferred stock

 

 

 
(1,320
)
 

 
(1,320
)
Balance, September 30, 2017
46,479,536

 
46,479

 
492,101

 
630,691

 
(4,522
)
 
1,164,749

Net income (loss)

 

 

 
(26,642
)
 

 
(26,642
)
Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 
4,176

 
4,176

Stock-based compensation(a)

 

 
(15,556
)
 
4,197

 

 
(11,359
)
Capital contributed by WGL Holdings

 

 
402,728

 

 

 
402,728

ASU 2018-02 adoption impact (b)


 

 

 
1,484

 
(1,484
)
 

Dividends declared:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock

 

 

 
(89,568
)
 

 
(89,568
)
Preferred stock

 

 

 
(1,320
)
 

 
(1,320
)
Balance, September 30, 2018
46,479,536

 
$
46,479

 
$
879,273

 
$
518,842

 
$
(1,830
)
 
$
1,442,764

Net income

 

 

 
49,173

 

 
49,173

Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 
(4,797
)
 
(4,797
)
Capital contribution from parent

 

 
100,000

 

 

 
100,000

Dividends declared:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Common stock

 

 

 
(24,237
)
 

 
(24,237
)
Preferred stock

 

 

 
(330
)
 

 
(330
)
Balance, December 31, 2018
46,479,536


46,479


979,273


543,448


(6,627
)

1,562,573

(a) Stock-based compensation is based on the stock awards of WGL that are allocated to Washington Gas Light Company for its pro-rata share. We recorded $4.2 million commutative adjustments to retained earnings for the fiscal year 2018 due to the adoption of ASU 2016-09. We accelerated the vesting of stock-based awards upon the consummation of the Merger with AltaGas during the 4th quarter of fiscal year 2018, which reduced the paid-in capital. See Note 11—Stock-Based Compensation for a further discussion.
(b) Amount related to the adoption of ASU 2018-02. Washington Gas reclassified a credit of $1.5 million from AOCI to retained earnings at September 30, 2018.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.


60

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements


NOTE 1. ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Organization
Washington Gas is an indirect, majority owned subsidiary of, among other entities, of AltaGas and WGL. On July 6, 2018, the Merger was consummated between AltaGas, WGL, and the Merger Sub, with WGL surviving as an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of AltaGas. In connection with the Merger, WGL established the SPE for the purposes of owning the common stock of Washington Gas. The SPE is a wholly owned subsidiary of WGL. Except where the content clearly indicates otherwise, any reference in this report to “Washington Gas”,” “we,” “us”, “our” or the "Company” refers to Washington Gas Light Company. References to “WGL” refer to WGL Holdings, Inc. and all of its subsidiaries. Refer to Note 18—Merger with AltaGas, Ltd., of the Notes to Financial Statements for a further discussion of the Merger Agreement.
Nature of Operations
Washington Gas is a public utility that sells and delivers natural gas to more than one million customers primarily in the District of Columbia and the surrounding metropolitan areas in Maryland and Virginia. Deliveries to firm residential and commercial customers accounted for 84% of the total therms delivered to customers by Washington Gas in the three months ended December 31, 2018. Deliveries to interruptible customers accounted for 12% and deliveries to customers who use natural gas to generate electricity accounted for 4%. These amounts do not include deliveries related to Washington Gas’ asset optimization program discussed below. Hampshire is an affiliate that operates an underground natural gas storage facility that provides services exclusively to Washington Gas. Hampshire is regulated under a cost of service tariff by the FERC. Washington Gas provides certain shared services to its affiliates, in which it is reimbursed for the costs associated with those services.
Basis of Presentation
The Financial Statements of Washington Gas has been prepared in conformity with GAAP and under the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
The Merger with AltaGas was recorded using the acquisition method of accounting. Under SEC regulations, Washington Gas elected to not apply push down accounting to its stand alone financial statements. The acquisition adjustments were recorded by AltaGas.
The information presented in this transition report on Form 10-K are presented solely for the registrant Washington Gas on a stand-alone basis. As a result of the Merger, there were no changes in accounting principles and practices or method of application that had a material effect on the financial results for the transition period ended December 31, 2018 and for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018.
Change of Fiscal Year End
On December 28, 2018, our Board of Directors approved a change of our fiscal year from the period beginning on October 1 and ending on September 30 to the period beginning on January 1 and ending on December 31. This transition report on Form 10-K includes financial information for the three-month transition period from October 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018, or the transition period ended December 31, 2018. References in this report to fiscal year 2018, 2017 and 2016 refer to twelve-month periods ended in September 30 of each year. All amounts presented for the three months ended December 31, 2017 are unaudited. Subsequent to this transition report, our annual reports on Form 10-K will cover the calendar year from January 1 to December 31, with historical periods remaining unchanged.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
In accordance with GAAP, we make certain estimates and assumptions regarding: (i) reported assets and liabilities; (ii) disclosed contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and (iii) reported revenues, revenues subject to refund, and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment (comprised principally of utility plant) are stated at original cost, including labor, materials, taxes and overhead costs incurred during the construction period. The cost of utility plant of Washington Gas includes an

61

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

allowance for funds used during construction (AFUDC) that is calculated under a formula prescribed by our regulators in Maryland and the District of Columbia. Washington Gas capitalizes AFUDC as a component of construction overhead. The rates for AFUDC for three months ended December 31, 2018 was 5.84% and for fiscal years September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were 2.42%, 2.73% and 5.51%, respectively.
Washington Gas charges maintenance and repairs directly to operating expenses. Washington Gas capitalizes betterments and renewal costs and calculates depreciation applicable to its utility gas plant in service primarily using a straight-line method over the estimated remaining life of the plant. The composite annual depreciation and amortization rate was 2.78% for the three months ended December 31, 2018, and 2.77%, 2.80% and 2.69% for fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In accordance with regulatory requirements, such rates include a component related to asset removal costs for Washington Gas. These asset removal costs are accrued through depreciation expense with a corresponding credit to “Regulatory liabilities—Accrued asset removal costs.” When Washington Gas retires depreciable utility plant and equipment, it charges the associated original costs to “Accumulated depreciation and amortization” and any related removal costs incurred are charged to “Regulatory liabilities—Accrued asset removal costs.” Washington Gas periodically reviews the adequacy of its depreciation rates by considering estimated remaining lives and other factors. For information about Asset Retirement Obligations (ARO’s), refer to the section entitled “Asset Retirement Obligations”.
The following table represents the components of Washington Gas' Property, Plant and Equipment at original cost.
Property, Plant and Equipment at Original Cost
($ In millions)
 
December 31,
 
September 30,
 
 
2018
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distribution, transmission and storage
 
$
4,888.4

 
85.7
%
 
$
4,766.5

 
84.9
%
 
$
4,502.6

 
84.8
%
General, miscellaneous and intangibles
 
542.9

 
9.5
%
 
536.4

 
9.6
%
 
545.6

 
10.2
%
Construction work in progress (CWIP)
 
271.6

 
4.8
%
 
310.2

 
5.5
%
 
262.1

 
5.0
%
Total
 
5,702.9

 
100.0
%
 
5,613.1

 
100.0
%
 
5,310.3

 
100.0
%
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Management regularly reviews property and equipment and other long-lived assets for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable.
For our properties and equipment, the indicators of potential impairment may include a deteriorating business or legal climate, a significant adverse change in asset condition, specific regulatory disallowance, advances in technology or plans to dispose of an asset significantly before the end of its useful life, among others. Management performs the recoverability test whenever the indicators show a possible impairment.  The amount used to test recoverability is determined based on an estimate of undiscounted cash flows, and measurement of an impairment loss is determined based on the fair value of the assets. The determination of fair value requires management to make assumptions about future cash inflows and outflows over the life of an asset. Any changes to the assumptions used for the future cash flow could result in revisions to the evaluation of the recoverability of the long-lived assets and the recognition of an impairment loss in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, Washington Gas recorded a $38.0 million impairment to Property, Plant and Equipment in connection with an agreement ancillary to the merger proceeding not to seek recovery of certain costs incurred under the Formal Case 1027 mechanical coupling program. As part of the program, Washington Gas agreed to encapsulate or replace vintage mechanical couplings mechanically coupled pipe to mitigate potential gas leaks.
During the three months ended December 31, 2018, and fiscal year ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, Washington Gas did not record any impairments related to our long-lived assets.
Refer to Note 14 — Fair Value Measurements and Note 18 — Merger with AltaGas, Ltd., of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of these assets.
Operating Leases
We have classified the leases of multiple office locations as operating leases. We amortize as rent expense the total of all scheduled lease payments (including lease payment escalations) and tenant allowances on a straight-line basis over the term of the leases. For this purpose, the lease term begins on the date when the lessor commenced constructing the leasehold

62

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

improvements which allowed us to occupy the respective locations. Leasehold improvement costs are classified as “Property, Plant and Equipment” on the Balance Sheets, and are being amortized to depreciation and amortization expense on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable period of the leases. Refer to Note 12—Commitments and Contingencies for financial data for all of our operating leases. 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider all investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
Restricted cash and cash equivalents represent funds that are restricted to satisfy designated liabilities. Restricted cash and cash equivalents available to satisfy designated current liabilities are classified as current assets. Restricted cash and cash equivalents expected to satisfy non-current liabilities are classified as non-current assets. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement with AltaGas, we funded rabbi trusts of retirement benefits for executives and select management employees and deferred compensation benefits for outside directors in the fiscal ended September 30, 2018. As of December 31 and September 30, 2018, the rabbi trust funds are invested in money market funds which are considered as cash equivalents. The rabbi trust funds that are used for the settlement of benefit plans in long-term liabilities are classified in “Deferred charges and other assets-other”. The rabbi trust funds to settle benefit plans in current liabilities are classified in “Current Assets-Other” on Washington Gas’ balance sheet. We did not have any restricted cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2017 or September 30, 2016. Refer to Note 9-Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefits for a further discussion of the rabbi trusts and Note 17- Supplemental Cash Flow Information for a further discussion of restricted cash and cash equivalents.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects Washington Gas' estimate of losses inherent in its account receivable balances. Washington Gas estimates its bad debt expense based on current sales and establishes the allowance.  Periodically, Washington Gas evaluates the reasonableness of the allowance utilizing a variety of factors including the length of time receivables are past due, the financial health of its customers, unusual macroeconomic conditions, and historical payment and collection experience. If the financial condition of its customers deteriorates or other circumstances occur that impact the customers’ ability or desire to make payments, Washington Gas considers these factors in its evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance. Accounts are written off to the allowance when collection efforts are complete and future recovery is unlikely.
Revenue and Cost of Gas Recognition
Revenues.  The Utility recognizes revenue from contracts with customers to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount it expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Generally, goods or services are transferred to our customer when the natural gas is delivered. Washington Gas reads meters and bills customers on a 19-day monthly cycle basis. The billing cycles for customers do not coincide with the accounting periods used for financial reporting purposes; therefore, Washington Gas accrues unbilled revenues for gas delivered, but not yet billed, at the end of each accounting period. Refer to Note 2 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers for further discussion of the Utility’s revenue from contracts with customers.
Alternative Revenue Programs. Certain ratemaking mechanisms of Washington Gas qualify as alternative revenue programs in accordance with ASC Topic 980, Regulated Operations, if the program (i) is established by an order from the regulatory commissions and allows for automatic adjustment of future rates, (ii) the additional revenues (above those amounts currently reflected in base rates) that are objectively determinable and probable of recovery, and (iii) allow for the collection of the additional revenues within 24 months following the end of the period in which they were recognized. The Company has determined that its RNA, WNA and CRA billing adjustment mechanisms and accelerated pipe replacement programs are alternative revenue programs. Alternative revenue program revenues represent the initial recognition of revenue related to these programs. When amounts are billed and collected from customers through rates, the amounts are recorded as a recovery of the associated regulatory asset or liability.
Cost of Gas.  Washington Gas’ jurisdictional tariffs contain mechanisms that provide for the recovery of the cost of gas incurred on behalf of firm customers, including related pipeline transportation and storage capacity charges. Under these mechanisms, Washington Gas periodically adjusts its firm customers’ rates to reflect increases and decreases in these costs. Under or over-collections of gas costs in the current cycle are charged or credited to deferred charges or credits on the balance sheet as non-current regulatory assets or liabilities. Amounts deferred at the end of the cycle, August 31 of each year, are fully reconciled and transferred to current assets or liabilities under the balance sheet captions “Gas costs and other regulatory assets”

63

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

and “Gas costs and other regulatory liabilities.” These balances are recovered or refunded to customers over the subsequent 12 month period.
Revenue Taxes.  Revenue taxes such as gross receipts taxes, Public Service Commission (PSC) fees, franchise fees and energy taxes are reported gross in operating revenues. During the three months ended December 31, 2018, $24.2 million was recorded to operating revenues. During fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, $82.5 million, $75.1 million, and $73.0 million, respectively, were recorded to operating revenues.
Transportation Gas Imbalance.  Interruptible shippers and third-party marketer shippers transport gas to Washington Gas’ distribution system as part of the unbundled services offered. The delivered volumes of gas from third-party shippers into Washington Gas’ distribution system rarely equal the volumes billed to third-party marketer customers, resulting in transportation gas imbalances. These imbalances are usually short-term in duration, and Washington Gas monitors the activity and regularly notifies the shippers when their accounts have an imbalance. In accordance with regulatory treatment, Washington Gas does not record a receivable from or liability to third-party marketers associated with gas volumes related to these transportation imbalances but, rather, reflects the financial impact as a regulatory asset or liability related to its gas cost adjustment mechanism, thereby eliminating any profit or loss that would occur as a result of the imbalance. The regulatory treatment combines the imbalance for all marketers, including our affiliate WGL Energy Services, into a single “net” adjustment to the regulatory asset or liability. Refer to Note 15—Related Party Transactions for further discussion of the accounting for these imbalance transactions.
Asset Optimization Program.  Washington Gas optimizes the value of its long-term natural gas transportation and storage capacity resources by entering into physical and financial transactions in the form of forwards, futures and option contracts for periods when these resources are not being used to physically serve utility customers. Refer to “Derivative Activities” below for further discussion of the accounting for derivative transactions entered into under this program. Regulatory sharing mechanisms in all three jurisdictions allow the profit from these transactions to be shared between Washington Gas’ customers and shareholder.
All unrealized fair value gains and losses, and margins generated from the physical and financial settlement of these asset optimization contracts are recorded in "Utility cost of gas" on the income statement or, in the case of amounts to be shared with rate payers, regulatory assets/liabilities on the balance sheet.
Storage Gas Valuation Methods
Prior to September 30, 2017, Washington Gas accounted for storage gas inventories using the first-in, first-out method under which the oldest inventory items were recorded as being sold first. Starting in October 1, 2017, Washington Gas implemented a voluntary change in the application of an accounting principle with respect to accounting for natural gas, propane, and odorant inventories. Washington Gas now applies the average cost methodology under which the cost of units carried in inventory is based on the weighted average cost per unit of inventory. Washington Gas implemented the change in accounting principle on a prospective basis in accordance with ASC Topic 980, which permits regulated entities to implement changes for financial reporting purposes in the same way those changes are implemented for regulatory reporting purposes when the change impacts allowable costs.
On October 1, 2017, WGL adopted ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330) - Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. This standard modified the previous calculation for valuing inventory. As a result of the new standard, beginning October 1, 2017, our inventory balances are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Prior to October 1, 2017, our inventory balances were stated at the lower of cost or market. Interim period inventory losses attributable to lower of cost or net realizable value adjustments may be reversed if the net realizable value of the inventory is recovered by the end of the same fiscal year.
Washington Gas did not record a lower-of-cost or net realizable value adjustment to net income for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 or a lower-of-cost or market adjustment to net income for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.
Derivative Activities
Washington Gas enters into both physical and financial derivative contracts for the purchase and sale of natural gas that are subject to mark-to-market accounting. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments which are recoverable or refundable to customers when they settle are subject to ASC Topic 980 and are recorded as regulatory assets or liabilities while changes in the fair value of derivative instruments not affected by rate regulation are reflected in earnings.

64

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

As part of its asset optimization program, Washington Gas enters into derivative contracts related to the sale and purchase of natural gas at a future price with the primary objective of securing operating margins that Washington Gas expects to ultimately realize. The fair value changes of derivatives used under this program may cause significant period-to-period volatility in earnings for the portion of net profits retained for shareholders; however, this earnings volatility will not change the realized margins that Washington Gas expects to earn. In accordance with ASC Topic 815, all financially and physically settled contracts under our asset optimization program are reported on a net basis in the statements of income in “Utility cost of gas”.
From time to time, Washington Gas also utilizes derivative instruments that are designed to minimize the risk of interest-rate volatility associated with planned issuances of long-term debt. Gains or losses associated with these derivative transactions are deferred as regulatory assets or liabilities and amortized to interest expense in accordance with regulatory accounting requirements. Refer to Note 13—Derivatives for further discussion of our derivative activities.
Income Taxes
We recognize deferred income tax assets and liabilities for all temporary differences between the financial statement basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities computed on a separate company basis. Our deferred income taxes include those that are currently excluded for ratemaking purposes of Washington Gas. Regulatory assets or liabilities, corresponding to such additional deferred income tax assets or liabilities, may be recorded to the extent recoverable from or payable to customers through the ratemaking process in future periods. Refer to Note 3—Regulated Operations for Washington Gas’ regulatory assets and liabilities associated with income taxes due from and due to customers. Amounts applicable to income taxes due from and due to customers primarily represent differences between the financial statement basis and tax basis of net utility plant in service. Refer to Note 8—Income Taxes which provides detailed financial information related to our income taxes.
Stock-Based Compensation
We account for stock-based compensation expense in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, and all outstanding awards as of December 31, 2018 are liability-classified share-based awards.
We recognize stock-based compensation expense based on their fair value at the end of each reporting period. In addition, certain awards are accounted for under ASC Topic 710, Compensation - General, because they do not meet the definition of a stock-based award under ASC Topic 718. Compensation expense is recognized based on the probable outcome of the award at the end of each reporting period. We estimate forfeitures over the requisite service period when recognizing compensation expense; these estimates are periodically adjusted to the extent to which actual forfeitures differ from such estimates. Refer to Note 10-Stock-Based Compensation for further discussion of the accounting for our stock-based compensation plans.
Asset Retirement Obligations
Washington Gas accounts for its AROs in accordance with ASC Subtopic 410-20, Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations—Asset Retirement Obligations. Our AROs include the costs to cut, purge and cap Washington Gas' distribution and transmission system and plug storage wells upon their retirement. These standards require recording the estimated retirement cost over the life of the related asset by depreciating the present value of the retirement obligation, measured at the time of the asset’s acquisition, and accreting the liability until it is settled. There are timing differences between the ARO-related accretion and depreciation amounts being recorded pursuant to GAAP and the recognition of depreciation expense for legal asset removal costs that we are currently recovering in rates. These timing differences are recorded as a reduction to “Regulatory liabilities—Accrued asset removal costs” in accordance with ASC Topic 980. We do not have any assets that are legally restricted related to the settlement of asset retirement obligations.

65

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Changes in Asset Retirement Obligations
(In millions)
 
December 31,
 
September 30,
 
 
2018
 
2018
 
2017
Asset retirement obligations at beginning of year
 
$
305.5

 
$
298.9

 
$
206.6

  Liabilities incurred in the period
 

 
1.4

 
2.0

  Revaluation of asset retirement obligation
 

 

 
89.5

  Liabilities settled in the period
 

 
(7.3
)
 
(7.2
)
  Accretion expense
 
2.6

 
12.5

 
8.0

Asset retirement obligations at the end of the year(a)
 
$
308.1


$
305.5

 
$
298.9

(a)Includes short-term asset retirement obligations of $7.3 million, $7.3 million and $7.1 million for three months ended December 31, 2018, and fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.

Accounting Standards Adopted in the Transition Period and Other Newly Issued Accounting Standards
The following tables represent accounting standards adopted by Washington Gas during the three-month transition period ended December 31, 2018, and other newly issued accounting standards that will be adopted by Washington Gas in the future.

66

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADOPTED IN THREE MONTHS TRANSITION PEPRIOD
 
Standard
  
Description
  
Date of adoption
 
  
Effect on the financial statements or other significant matters
ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), including subsequent ASUs clarifying the guidance.



 
ASU 2014-09 establishes a comprehensive revenue recognition model clarifying the method used to determine the timing and requirements for revenue recognition from contracts with customers. The disclosure requirements under the new standard will enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.


 
October 1, 2018
 
Washington Gas adopted the new guidance using the modified retrospective approach, which does not require prior year results to be restated. Adoption of this standard did not have a material change in the timing or pattern of revenue recognition and a cumulative-effect adjustment was not recorded at October 1, 2018. The significant impact of adopting this standard is the additional disclosures around the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. For the new disclosures, see the Revenue and Cost Recognition discussion above and Note 2 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers.



ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities including subsequent ASUs clarifying the guidance.







 
This guidance applies to the recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities. The standard requires equity investments, except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or consolidated, to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized in net income. The standard also amends presentation requirements related to certain changes in the fair value of a liability and eliminates certain disclosure requirements of significant assumptions for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet.
 
October 1, 2018
 
The adoption of this standard and related amendments did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or on our disclosures.

67

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory
 
This standard revised the accounting for income taxes by requiring an entity to recognize the current and deferred income tax consequences of an intra-entity asset transfer (other than inventory) when the transfer occurs. The standard should be applied on modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption.
 
October 1, 2018
 
The adoption of this standard and related amendments did not have a material effect on the financial statements.
ASU No. 2017-01, (Topic 805): Business Combinations - Clarifying the Definition of a Business
 
This standard changed the definition of a business to assist entities with the evaluation of whether a transaction should be accounted for as an acquisition (or disposal) of assets or a business. The standard should be applied on a prospective basis to transactions that occur on or after the effective date.
 
October 1, 2018
 
Washington Gas will apply the amendments in this standard on a prospective basis and did not have an impact on the financial statements.
ASU 2017-05, Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets
 
The amendments in this ASU clarified the scope of ASC 610-20, as well as, the accounting for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. The standard can be applied either on a retrospective basis or on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption.
 
October 1, 2018
 
The adoption of this standard did not have an impact on the financial statements.
ASU 2017-07, Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost
 
This standard requires entities to report the service cost component in the same financial statement line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period.  The other components of net benefit cost are to be presented separately from service cost and outside of operating income.  In addition, only the service cost component of net benefit cost is eligible for capitalization.  Changes to the presentation of service costs and other components of net benefit cost should be applied retrospectively. Changes in capitalization practices should be implemented prospectively.
 
October 1, 2018
 
We have concluded our evaluation of the interaction of this standard with the various regulatory provisions concerning pensions and post-retirement benefit costs. For the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we recorded a reclassification of $11.3 million, $3.9 million and $3.6 million, respectively, of net periodic benefit income from operation and maintenance expenses to other income in the Statement of Income. The change in capitalization of retirement benefits have been implemented on a prospective basis and did not have a material impact on the financial statements.

68

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting
 
This standard provided guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of a shared-based payment arrangement should apply modification accounting. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis to awards modified on or after the effective date.
 
October 1, 2018
 
The guidance in this standard was applied on a prospective basis and did not have an impact on the financial statements.
ASU 2018-08, Not-for-Profit Entities (Topic 958)-Clarifying the Scope and the Accounting Guidance for Contributions Received and Contributions Made
 
This standard provides clarification to assist entities in evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as a contribution (nonreciprocal) or as an exchange (reciprocal) subject to other accounting guidance. The amendments should be applied on a modified prospective basis, however; retrospective application is permitted.
 
October 1, 2018
 
The guidance in this standard did not have an impact on the financial statements.




















69

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

OTHER NEWLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
 
Standard
  
Description
  
Required date of adoption
 
  
Effect on the financial statements or other significant matters
ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), ASU 2018-01, Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842, and ASU 2018-11, Targeted Improvements, including other subsequent ASUs clarifying the guidance
 
ASU 2016-02 requires recognition of a right-to-use asset and lease liability by lessees on the statement of financial position and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. Lessor accounting remains substantially unchanged but the standard modifies what qualifies as a sales-type and direct financing lease and eliminated real-estate specific provisions.
The standard requires application using a modified retrospective approach.

ASU 2018-01 provides an optional election not to evaluate existing and expired land easements not previously accounted for as a lease.

ASU 2018-11 allows entities to elect to report comparative periods presented after adoption under the old lease standard (ASC Topic 840, Leases) and recognize a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance at the date of adoption. The update also provides lessors a practical expedient not requiring the separation of lease and non-lease components provided that certain conditions are met.

ASU 2018-20 allows lessors to include and exclude certain costs from variable payments. The ASU also requires lessors to allocate certain variable payments to the lease and non-lease components when the changes in facts and circumstances on which the variable payments are based occur.


 
January 1, 2019
 
Washington Gas is in the final stages of evaluating the impact of adopting ASC Topic 842. Washington Gas will utilize the transition practical expedients which allow entities to not have to reassess whether an arrangement contains a lease and the lease classification under the provisions of ASC Topic 842, land easements, and not separating out the lease and non-lease components for certain classes of assets.  Washington Gas has also elected to present prior comparative information under ASC 840.  For its lessee leases with terms longer than 12 months, Washington Gas will be recording an increase to long-term assets (net of any lease incentives and prepaid or deferred rent balances) and an increase to noncurrent liabilities net of the current portion to be recorded in current liabilities.  The total liabilities are currently estimated to be approximately 1 percent of total assets but may change as Washington Gas finalizes its evaluation of the impact of the standard.



70

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities
 
The new standard amends the hedge accounting and recognition requirements by expanding an entity's ability to hedge non-financial and financial risk components and reduce the complexity in fair value hedges of interest rate risk. Additionally, this standard eliminates the requirement to separately measure and disclose the ineffective portion of the hedge with the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line as the hedged item. Early adoption is permitted.
 
January 1, 2019
 
The guidance would be applicable to Washington Gas and only have an impact on new transactions that are entered into and where hedge accounting is elected.
ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, including other subsequent ASUs clarifying the guidance.
 
For credit losses on financial instruments, this standard changes the current incurred loss impairment methodology to an expected loss methodology and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to determine credit loss estimates. Early adoption is permitted.
 
January 1, 2020
 
We are in the process of evaluating the impact the adoption of this standard will have on our financial statements. Early adoption is permitted.
ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement
 
This update modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. Early adoption is permitted.
 
January 1, 2020
 
It is not expected that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on our financial statements.
ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)
 
The update aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements to capitalize implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). Capitalized implementation costs should be presented in the statement of financial position as a prepaid expense and amortized over the term of the hosting arrangement, presented in the statements of income in the same line items as prepayment of fees associated with the hosting arrangement. The updates in this standard may be applied on a prospective or retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted.
 
January 1, 2020
 
The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material effect on our financial statements.

71

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

ASU 2018-17, Consolidation (Topic 810): Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities



 
This standard provides a private-company scope exception to the VIE guidance for certain entities under common control and clarify that indirect interest held through related parties under common control will be considered on a proportional basis when determining whether fees paid to decision makers and service providers are variable interests. Early adoption is permitted.
 
January 1, 2020
 
We are in the process of evaluating this new accounting standard but it is expected that the adoption of this standard will not have a material effect on our financial statements.
ASU 2018-14, Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans
 
This standard modifies the disclosure requirements related to defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. Early adoption is permitted.

 
December 31, 2020
 
We do not anticipate that adoption of this standard will have a material effect on our financial statements.



72

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

NOTE 2. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
 

As described in Note 1, the Company adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606) and subsequent ASUs clarifying the guidance on October 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method of adoption. Under this approach, prior year results are not required to be restated. Adoption of this standard did not change the timing or pattern of revenue recognition and a cumulative-effect adjustment was not recorded at October 1, 2018. As a result, comparative disclosures for operating results for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018 are not applicable because revenue recognition did not materially change as a result of implementing the new standard. The significant impact of adopting this standard are the additional disclosures around the nature, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers which are included in Note 1 - Accounting Policies and below.
Washington Gas sells natural gas and distribution services to residential, commercial, industrial and governmental customers through regulated tariff rates approve by regulatory commissions in the jurisdictions where Washington Gas operates. Customers are billed monthly based on regular meter readings. Customer billings are based on two main components: (i) a fixed service fee and (ii) a variable fee based on usage. Revenue is recognized over time as the natural gas is delivered or as the service has been performed. As meter readings are performed on a cycle basis, Washington Gas recognizes accrued revenue for any services rendered to its customers but not billed at month-end. The tariff sales are generally considered daily or “at-will” contracts as customers may cancel their service at any time, and revenue generally represents the amount the Utility is entitled to invoice. There are certain contracts that have terms of one year or longer. For these contracts, revenue is recognized based on the amount the Utility is entitled to bill the customer.
Customers have the choice to purchase natural gas from competitive service providers. The Utility charges the competitive service providers balancing fees to manage the natural gas transportation imbalances. Where regulations require, the Utility issues customers a consolidated bill to include the natural gas supplied by the competitive service providers and distribution of natural gas. Washington Gas recognizes revenue only for distribution services that the Utility has provided to the customer, and the balancing fees for the services provided to the competitive service provider.
We disaggregate revenue by type of service. The following table disaggregates revenue for the period ended December 31, 2018:
Disaggregated Revenue by Type of Service
(In millions)
Three Months Ended December 31, 2018
Revenue from contracts with customers
 
Gas and transportation sales
 
   Gas sold and delivered
$
303.2

   Gas delivered for others
74.3

 Other
12.5

Other revenues
1.5

Total revenue from contracts with customers
$
391.5

Other sources of revenue
 
Revenue from alternative revenue programs (a)
$
9.1

  Leasing revenue (b)
0.2

  Other
1.3

Total revenue from other sources
10.6

Total Operating Revenue
$
402.1

(a) The company has determined that the Utility’s RNA, WNA and CRA billing adjustment mechanisms and accelerated pipe replacement programs are alternative revenue programs and accounted for under ASC Topic 980.
(b) Revenue generated from Washington Gas lessor operating leases accounted for under ASC Topic 840, Leases.

Washington Gas accrues unbilled revenues for gas delivered, but not yet billed at the end of each accounting period due to our customer billing cycles.  “Unbilled revenues” represent performance obligations that have been satisfied and Washington Gas has an unconditional right to payment, except for contract assets related to the Washington Gas’ area-wide contract which requires project acceptance by government for the right to payment to occur. For the contract asset amounts reported in unbilled receivables, see Project Financing in Note 5-Short-Term Debt. Washington Gas did not have any contract liabilities at December 31, 2018. The Company does not have transaction price amounts allocated to future performance obligations. The Company applies the practical expedient available under ASC Topic 606 and does not disclose information about the remaining performance

73

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, (ii) contracts for which revenue is recognized at the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice for performance completed, and (iii) contracts with variable consideration that is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation or to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation.
NOTE 3. REGULATED OPERATIONS
 
Washington Gas accounts for its regulated operations in accordance with ASC Topic 980. This standard includes accounting principles for companies whose rates are determined by independent third-party regulators. When setting rates, regulators may require us to record expense in different periods than may be appropriate for unregulated enterprises. When this occurs, Washington Gas defers the associated costs as assets (regulatory assets) on its balance sheet and records them as expenses on its income statement as it collects the revenues designed to recover these costs through customers’ rates. Further, regulators can also impose liabilities upon a company for gains previously realized or for amounts previously collected from customers for expenses expected to be incurred in the future (regulatory liabilities).
When Washington Gas files a request with certain regulatory commissions to modify customers’ rates, it may be permitted to charge customers new rates, subject to refund, until the regulatory commission renders a final decision on the amount of the authorized change in rates. During this interim period, Washington Gas records a provision for a rate refund regulatory liability based on the difference between the amount it collects in rates and the amount it expects to recover from a final regulatory decision. Similarly, Washington Gas periodically records provisions for rate refunds related to other transactions. Actual results for these regulatory contingencies are often difficult to predict and could differ significantly from the estimates reflected in the financial statements. Refer to Note 12—Commitments and Contingencies for further discussion of regulatory matters and related contingencies.
At December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, we recorded the following regulatory assets and liabilities on our balance sheets. These assets and liabilities will be recognized as revenues or expenses in future periods as they are reflected in customers’ rates.

74

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
(In millions)
Regulatory Assets
Regulatory Liabilities
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
Fiscal Year Ended September 30,
Three Months Ended December 31,
Fiscal Year Ended September 30,
 
2018
2018
2017
2018
2018
2017
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gas costs due from/to customers(a)
$
5.6

$
4.4

$
0.2

$
46.9

$
9.0

$
10.6

Interruptible sharing(a)
0.4


2.4

1.7

1.5

0.7

Revenue normalization mechanisms for Maryland and Virginia(a)


11.7

3.6

3.6

1.4

Accelerated replacement recovery mechanisms(l)

0.6

7.4

3.8

1.9

1.1

Rates subject to refund(c)





9.0

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act rate refunds(d)



19.2

18.1


Total current
$
6.0

$
5.0

$
21.7

$
75.2

$
34.1

$
22.8

Deferred:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Accrued asset removal costs(m)
$

$

$

$
264.6

$
270.4

$
292.2

   Deferred gas costs(a)(b)
141.6

83.2

90.1




 Pension and other post-retirement benefits
 
 
 
 
 
 
       Deferred pension costs—trackers(e)
5.7

9.1

19.8




       ASC Topic 715 unrecognized costs/income(a)(f)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pensions
80.8

47.9

118.8




Other post-retirement benefits



121.3

159.2

134.2

Total pension and other post-retirement benefits
86.5

57.0

138.6

121.3

159.2

134.2

Other:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income tax-related amounts due from/to customers(g)
41.6

42.6

37.9

427.2

439.1

3.2

Losses/gains on issuance and extinguishments of debt and interest-rate derivative instruments(a)(h)
15.0

15.3

16.4

1.3

1.3

1.4

Rights-of-way fees(a)



2.5

1.9

0.7

Business process outsourcing and related costs(a)
3.2

6.2

8.2




Non-retirement employee benefits(a)(i)
15.6

16.5

17.8




Deferred distribution integrity management (a)(j)
5.4

5.8

7.7




Recoverable portion of abandoned liquid natural gas facility(a)
2.7

2.7

3.1




Environmental response costs(a)(k)
5.8

5.0

2.5




Energy efficiency program-Maryland(n)
3.4

4.5

5.3




Other regulatory expenses(o)
6.4

5.5

5.6

0.9

1.4

4.1

Total other
$
99.1

$
104.1

$
104.5

$
431.9

$
443.7

$
9.4

Total deferred
$
327.2

$
244.3

$
333.2

$
817.8

$
873.3

$
435.8

Total
$
333.2

$
249.3

$
354.9

$
893.0

$
907.4

$
458.6

(a)Washington Gas does not earn its overall rate of return on these assets. Washington Gas is allowed to recover and required to pay, using short-term interest rates, the carrying costs related to billed gas costs due from and to its customers in the District of Columbia and Virginia jurisdictions.
(b)Includes fair value of derivatives, which are not included in customer bills until settled.
(c)Represents provision established for refunds to customers when the substitution of final rates resulted in an amount greater than the amount collected during the interim period related to the 2016 Virginia Rate Case.
(d)Represents amounts accrued for future refunds due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. For a further discussion, see Rates and Regulatory Matters section of Management's Discussion Analysis and Note 8-Income Taxes in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
(e)Relates to the District of Columbia jurisdiction.
(f)Refer to Note 9-Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans for a further discussion of these amounts.
(g)This balance represents amounts due from customers for deferred tax liabilities related to tax benefits on deduction flowed directly to customers prior to the adoption of income tax normalization for ratemaking purposes and to tax rate changes including the latest reduction as a result of the Tax Act.

75

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

(h)The losses or gains on the issuance and extinguishment of debt and interest-rate derivative instruments include unamortized balances from transactions executed in prior fiscal years. These transactions create gains and losses that are amortized over the remaining life of the debt as prescribed by regulatory accounting requirements.
(i)Represents the timing difference between the recognition of workers compensation and short-term disability costs in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and the way these costs are recovered through rates.
(j)This balance represents amounts for deferred expenditures associated with Washington Gas’ Distribution Integrity Management Program (DIMP) in Virginia.
(k)This balance represents allowed environmental remediation expenditures at Washington Gas sites to be recovered through rates for Maryland and the District of Columbia. The recovery period is over several years.
(l)Balance represents amounts for deferred over or under collections of surcharges associated with Washington Gas' accelerated pipeline recovery programs in the District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia.
(m)Refer to Note 1-Accounting Policies for a further discussion of these amounts.
(n)Balance represents amounts for deferred credits associated with Washington Gas' participation in the energy conservation and efficiency program EmPower in Maryland.
(o)Balance primarily relates to the District of Columbia jurisdiction.
As required by ASC Topic 980, Washington Gas monitors its regulatory and competitive environment to determine whether the recovery of its regulatory assets remains probable. If Washington Gas were to determine that recovery of these assets is no longer probable, it would write off the assets against earnings. We have determined that ASC Topic 980 continues to apply to our regulated operations. During the three months ended December 31, 2018, Washington Gas recorded a $2.5 million write down to regulatory asset associated with BPO 2.0 cost, which was disallowed to recovery as the result of the MD Rate Case.


76

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

NOTE 4. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND OTHER ACCRUED LIABILITIES
 
The table below provides details for the amounts included in “Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities” on the balance sheets.
  
December 31,
September 30,
(In millions)
2018
2018
 
2017
Accounts payable—trade
$
228.9

$
187.0

 
$
174.9

Employee benefits and payroll accruals
28.0

32.9

 
32.4

Other accrued liabilities
31.5

51.4

 
12.5

Total
$
288.4

$
271.3

 
$
219.8


NOTE 5. SHORT-TERM DEBT
 
Washington Gas satisfies the short-term financing requirements through the sale of commercial paper, financing arrangements with third-party lenders, or through bank borrowings. Due to the seasonal nature of our operations, short-term financing requirements can vary significantly during the year. Revolving credit agreements are maintained to support outstanding commercial paper and to permit short-term borrowing flexibility. The policy of Washington Gas is to maintain bank credit facilities in amounts equal to or greater than the expected maximum commercial paper position. The following is a summary of committed credit available at December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017.
Committed Credit Available
($ in millions)

 
December 31, 2018
September 30, 2018
September 30, 2017
Committed credit agreements
 
 
 
 
Unsecured revolving credit facility, expires December 19, 2019(a)
 
$350.0
$350.0
$350.0
Less: Commercial Paper
 
(296.0)
(95.0)
(123.0)
Net committed credit available
 
$54.0
$255.0
$227.0
Weighted average interest rate
 
2.93%
2.42%
1.22%
(a) Washington Gas has the right to request extensions with the banks’ approval. Washington Gas’ revolving credit facility permits it to borrow an additional $100 million, with the banks’ approval, for a total of $450 million.

At December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, there were no outstanding bank loans from Washington Gas’ revolving credit facilities.
Under the terms of the credit agreements, the ratio of financial indebtedness to total capitalization may not exceed 0.65 to 1.0 (65.0%). At December 31, 2018, Washington Gas' ratios of consolidated financial indebtedness to consolidated total capitalization was 47%. In addition, Washington Gas is required to inform lenders of changes in corporate existence, financial conditions, litigation and environmental warranties that might have a material adverse effect. Failure to inform the lenders’ agent of these material changes might constitute default under the agreements. Another potential default may be deemed to exist if Washington Gas were to fail to pay principal or interest when due on any other indebtedness. Such defaults, if not remedied, could lead to suspension of further loans and/or acceleration in which obligations become immediately due and payable. At December 31, 2018, Washington Gas was in compliance with all of the covenants under their revolving credit facilities.

PROJECT FINANCING

77

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Washington Gas previously obtained third-party project financing on behalf of the federal government to provide funds during the construction of certain energy management services projects entered into under Washington Gas' area-wide contract. The construction work is performed by WGL Energy Systems on behalf of Washington Gas. As the financing entity funds the project, Washington Gas establishes a payable to the financing entity and transfers the funds to WGL Energy Systems. As work is performed, Washington Gas establishes a receivable representing the government's obligation to remit principal and interest. The financing obligation in “Notes payable and project financing” and contract assets in “Unbilled revenues” are typically equal to each other at the end of the construction period, but there could be timing differences in the recognition during the construction period. When these projects are formally “accepted” by the government and deemed complete, Washington Gas assigns the ownership of the receivable to the financing entity in satisfaction of the obligation to the financing entity and removes both the receivable and the obligation related to the financing from its financial statements. If project acceptance does not occur by a specified date, the lender may require Washington Gas to make interim interest payments or repurchase the contract payments plus a termination fee.
In March 2016, the SCC of VA denied Washington Gas' further participation in the third-party financing arrangement but allowed existing debt arrangements to remain intact until the related obligations were satisfied. As a result, WGL Energy Systems entered into an agreement to obtain third-party financing and receive funds directly from the third-party lender during the construction period associated with the related energy management service projects. As a result, Washington Gas is no longer liable under future third-party financing arrangements. Washington Gas continues to record a receivable representing the governments obligation and records an account payable to associated company to WGL Energy Systems for the construction work performed for the same amount.
In October 2018, WGL Energy Systems repaid $53.0 million drawn by Washington Gas from a third-party lender for a specific project that the lender demanded repayment for due to delays in achieving final acceptance from the federal government agency customer. The $53.0 million was included in "Payables to associated companies" on Washington Gas' balance sheet as of December 31, 2018. On January 16, 2019, the federal government agency customer provided notification of final acceptance as of December 14, 2018.
At December 31, 2018, there was one financing contract that had not been novated to WGL Energy Systems for which draws totaling $15.5 million were reflected on the Washington Gas balance sheet as a short-term obligation to third-party lenders in "Notes payable and project financing".
As of December 31, 2018, Washington Gas recorded $85.3 million of contract assets in "Unbilled revenues", $15.5 million in a corresponding short-term obligation to third-party lenders in "Notes payable and project financing", and $69.7 million obligation to WGL Energy Systems in "Payables to associated companies" for energy management services projects that were not complete.
As of September 30, 2018, Washington Gas recorded $77.0 million of contract assets in "Unbilled revenues", $68.5 million in "Notes payable and project financing", and $8.5 million in "Payables to associated companies" on the balance sheet. As of September 30, 2017, Washington Gas recorded $85.6 million of contract assets in " Unbilled revenue", $43.8 million in "Notes payable and project financing", and $41.8 million "Payables to associated companies" on the balance sheet.
For projects where WGL Energy Systems is the primary contractor and where these projects are financed for government agencies that have minimal credit risk, and with which we have previous collection experience, Washington Gas did not record a corresponding reserve for bad debts related to these receivables at December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018, or September 30, 2017.
NOTE 6. LONG-TERM DEBT
 
FIRST MORTGAGE BONDS
The Mortgage of Washington Gas dated January 1, 1933 (Mortgage), as supplemented and amended, securing any First Mortgage Bonds (FMBs) it issues, constitutes a direct lien on substantially all property and franchises owned by Washington Gas, other than a small amount of property that is expressly excluded. At December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, Washington Gas had no debt outstanding under the Mortgage. Any FMBs that may be issued in the future will represent indebtedness of Washington Gas.
SHELF REGISTRATION

78

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

At December 31, 2018, Washington Gas had capacity under a shelf registration statement that was filed in May 2018 to issue up to $725.0 million of additional medium-term notes (MTN's).
UNSECURED NOTES
Washington Gas issues long-term debt in the form of MTNs, unsecured long-term notes and private placement notes with individual terms regarding interest rates, maturities and call or put options. These notes can have maturity dates of one or more years from the date of issuance. The following tables show the outstanding notes with maturities in calendar years as of December 31, 2018, and maturities in fiscal years as of September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017.
Long Term Debt Outstanding
 
December 31, 2018
($ In millions)
 
Due calendar year 2019, 4.76%
$
50.0

Due calendar year 2023, 6.65%
20.0

Due calendar year 2025, 5.44%
40.5

Due calendar year 2026, 6.62% to 6.82%
53.0

Due calendar year 2027, 6.40% to 6.57%
72.0

Due calendar year 2028, 6.57% to 6.85%
52.0

Due calendar year 2030, 7.50%
8.5

Due calendar year 2036, 5.70% to 5.78%
50.0

Due calendar year 2040, 5.21%
75.0

Due calendar year 2043, 5.00%
75.0

Due calendar year 2044, 4.22% to 4.24%
150.0

Due calendar year 2046, 3.80%
450.0

   Total Long-Term Debt(a)
$
1,096.0

Unamortized discount
(2.9
)
Unamortized debt expense
(8.1
)
Less—current maturities
50.0

   Total Long-Term Debt
$
1,035.0

Weighted average interest rate(b)
4.77
%
(a) Includes MTNs and private placement notes. The amount represents face value of long-term debt including current maturities.
(b) Weighted average interest rate is for the long-term debt including current maturities.



79

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements


Long Term Debt Outstanding

 
 
September 30,
($ In millions)
 
2018
 
2017
  Due fiscal year 2019, 7.46%
 
$
50.0

 
50.0

  Due fiscal year 2020, 4.76%
 
50.0

 
50.0

  Due fiscal year 2023, 6.65%
 
20.0

 
20.0

  Due fiscal year 2025, 5.44%
 
40.5

 
40.5

  Due fiscal year 2027, 6.40% to 6.82%
 
125.0

 
125.0

  Due fiscal year 2028, 6.57% to 6.85%
 
52.0

 
52.0

  Due fiscal year 2030, 7.50%
 
8.5

 
8.5

  Due fiscal year 2036, 5.70% to 5.78%
 
50.0

 
50.0

  Due fiscal year 2041, 5.21%
 
75.0

 
75.0

  Due fiscal year 2044, 4.22% to 5.00%
 
175.0

 
175.0

  Due fiscal year 2045, 4.24%
 
50.0

 
50.0

  Due fiscal year 2046, 3.80%
 
450.0

 
450.0

  Total Long-Term Debt(a)
 
$
1,146.0

 
1,146.0

Unamortized discount
 
(2.9
)
 
(3.0
)
Unamortized debt expense
 
(8.1
)
 
(8.5
)
Less—current maturities
 
50.0

 

  Total Long-Term Debt
 
$
1,085.0

 
1,134.5

Weighted average interest rate(b)

 
4.89
%
 
4.89
%
(a) Includes MTNs and private placement notes. The amount represents face value of long-term debt including current maturities.
(b) Weighted average interest rate is for the long-term debt including current maturities.
As of December 31, 2018 , the principal amounts of long-term debt due in each of the next five calendar years are $50 million, $20 million, and $1,026 million for 2019, 2023 and thereafter, respectively.
The indenture for the unsecured MTNs and the note purchase agreement for the private placement notes provide that Washington Gas will not issue any FMBs under its Mortgage without securing all MTNs and the private placement notes with the Mortgage.
Certain of Washington Gas’ outstanding MTNs and private placement notes have a make-whole call feature that pays the holder a premium based on a spread over the yield to maturity of a U.S. Treasury security having a comparable maturity if that particular note were to be called by Washington Gas before its stated maturity date. With the exception of this make-whole call feature, Washington Gas is not required to pay call premiums for calling debt prior to the stated maturity date.







80

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

The following table shows long-term debt issuances and retirements for the three months ended December 31, 2018, and fiscal year ended September 30, 2017. There were no issuances or retirements during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018.
Long-Term Debt Issuances and Retirements
($ In millions)
Principal(a)
 
    Interest  
    Rate(b)  
 
Effective Cost(b)
 
Nominal Maturity Date      
Three Months Ended December 31, 2018
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
Retirements:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12/05/2018
$
50.0

 
7.46
%
 
7.46
%
 
12/5/2018
Total
$
50.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended September 30, 2017
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
Issuances:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9/18/2017
$
200.0

 
3.80
%
 
 
 
9/15/2046
Total
$
200.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
(a)Represents face amount of notes.
(b) Represents the interest rate and effective cost at the trade date of the debt.

NOTE 7. PREFERRED STOCK
 
Washington Gas has three series of cumulative preferred stock outstanding, and each series is subject to redemption by Washington Gas. All three series have a dividend preference that prohibits Washington Gas from declaring and paying dividends on shares of its common stock unless dividends on all outstanding shares of the preferred stock have been fully paid for all past quarterly dividend periods. In addition, all outstanding shares of preferred stock have a preference as to the amounts that would be distributed in the event of a liquidation or dissolution of Washington Gas. All three series of preferred stock are entitled to one vote per share. The following table presents this information, as well as call prices for each preferred stock series outstanding.
Preferred Stock
Preferred
 
  
 
Liquidation Preference
 
  
Series
 
Shares
 
Per Share
 
Call Price
Outstanding
 
Outstanding
 
Involuntary
 
Voluntary
 
Per Share
$4.80
 
150,000
 
$100
 
$101
 
$101
$4.25
 
70,600
 
$100
 
$105
 
$105
$5.00
 
60,000
 
$100
 
$102
 
$102
On December 17, 2018, Washington Gas terminated the registration of its preferred stock with the SEC; however, the preferred stock remains outstanding.
NOTE 8. INCOME TAXES
 
Through July 6th and prior to the Merger with AltaGas, WGL and its wholly owned subsidiaries filed a consolidated federal income tax return and various state income tax returns where they had a business presence. We are no longer subject to income tax examinations by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for years ended September 30, 2013 and prior. Substantially all state income tax years in major jurisdictions are closed for years ended prior to September 30, 2015. Through July 6, 2018, WGL and each of its subsidiaries participated in a tax sharing agreement that establishes the method for allocating tax benefits from losses that are utilized on the consolidated income tax return. The consolidated tax is apportioned among the subsidiaries on the separate return method and losses are allocated to the subsidiaries that have taxable income pro-rata basis. Washington Gas paid $8.3 million to WGL's other subsidiaries for the three months ended December 31, 2018. For the fiscal year ended September

81

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

30, 2018, Washington Gas received $2.9 million from WGL's subsidiaries with taxable income for the utilization of Washington Gas' net operating loss pursuant to the tax sharing agreement.
Effective with the Merger and beginning July 7, 2018, our tax year end changed to December 31 and Washington Gas will be included with AltaGas’ wholly owned US subsidiaries’ consolidated income tax return with AltaGas Services (U.S.), (ASUS) being the parent company of the consolidated group. Accordingly, Washington Gas will file a final return as part of the WGL 's consolidated income tax return for the short tax year from October 1, 2017 to July 6, 2018. WGL and its wholly owned subsidiaries will be included in the AltaGas' consolidated income tax returns beginning with the period from July 7, 2018 to December 31, 2018. We have established a new tax sharing policy with ASUS. The tax sharing policy provides allocation of consolidated tax liabilities and benefits based on amounts participants would incur as standalone corporations. Income taxes recorded for the period October 1, 2017 through July 6, 2018 are based on amounts we would incur as standalone corporations. State income tax returns are filed on a separate company basis in most states and on a unitary basis as required, where we or the consolidated ASUS group have operations and/or a requirement to file.
In July 2018, we filed our tax return for the year ended September 30, 2017.
US Federal Income Tax Reform
On December 22, 2017, President Trump signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) (the Tax Act) into law. The Tax Act substantially reforms the Internal Revenue Code, including, but not limited to, (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%; (2) creating a limitation on deductible interest expense equal to 30% of adjusted taxable income (not applicable to regulated utilities); (3) allowing 100% expensing for the cost of qualified property (generally not applicable to regulated utilities); (4) eliminating the domestic production activities deduction (not applicable to the consolidated tax group); (5) eliminating the corporate alternative minimum tax and changing how existing alternative minimum tax credits can be realized (not applicable to the consolidated tax group) in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017; and (6) changing rules related to uses and limitations of net operating loss carry-forwards created in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. ASC Topic 740 requires companies to recognize the impacts of a change in tax law or tax rates in the period of enactment.
The most significant change that impacts the Registrants’ financial statements is the reduction of the corporate federal income tax rate from 35% to 21% beginning January 1, 2018. The Tax Act also made regulated public utilities ineligible for bonus depreciation. The IRS issued proposed transition rules for property acquired and placed into service after September 27, 2017. The TCJA repeals 50% bonus depreciation for all taxpayers and provides 100% expensing for assets for non-utility companies both acquired and placed-in-service after September 27, 2017. On August 8, 2018, the IRS issued proposed additional transition regulations allowing regulated utility companies to claim bonus depreciation for assets placed in service for the first year of implementation of The Act. For regulated utility companies, projects that were greater than 10% complete at September 27, 2017, are eligible for 50% bonus depreciation when placed into service. Assets less than 10% complete prior to September 27, 2017 and placed in service after September 27, 2017 are eligible for 100% bonus depreciation through the merger date of July 6, 2018. Projects that were greater than 10% complete at September 27, 2017 and placed in service after July 6, 2018 through December 31, 2018 are eligible for 40% bonus depreciation. We have recorded an amount consistent with our interpretation of the transition rule and the proposed depreciation regulation through December 31, 2018.
Washington Gas has completed its assessment of the accounting for applicable effects of the Tax Act as allowed under SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 (SAB 118), and has recorded applicable income tax amounts as of December 31, 2018.
Items for which the accounting is complete by December 31, 2018, however may be subject to adjustment pursuant to Technical Corrections of The Act:
Bonus depreciation: Under the Tax Act, regulated public utility property is ineligible for bonus depreciation and is depreciated under MACRS while non-utility property is eligible for 100% bonus depreciation. In accordance with the August 8, 2018 proposed depreciation regulations and the transitional rule above, an amount of $86.2 million of additional depreciation deduction for the short period ended July 6, 2018 has been recorded in fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. We have recognized an additional $17.4 million of bonus eligible assets for the three months ended December 31, 2018.
Decrease in regulated revenues: In January 2018, Washington Gas filed applications for approval to reduce the distribution rates it charges customers in Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia to reflect the impact of the Tax Act. These applications proposed to reduce rates in these jurisdictions by a combined amount of $41.2 million annually, until base rates are reestablished in a general rate case. As described further below, the portion of this reduction in regulated revenues represented

82

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

by the re-measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities was recorded as a net regulatory liability under ASC 980, Regulated Operations. The net regulatory liability recorded is the amount we consider probable of regulatory treatment and will be refunded to customers in future periods. In addition, a portion of this reduction in regulated revenues relates to the federal tax expense at the new federal rate of 21% included in current base rates, effective January 1, 2018. Through the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, revenues have been lowered by $27.5 million to reflect the regulatory impact of the Tax Act. For the three months ended December 31, 2018, the revenues have been lowered by an additional $13.7 million.
Uncertain tax position: The re-measurement of Washington Gas’ uncertain tax position related to temporary difference associated with repairs expense was a decrease in the amount of $14.8 million. Generally, a reserve for uncertain tax benefits related to prior years would not be re-measured if the tax exposure related to prior years where the federal income tax rate was 35%. However, Washington Gas' reserve for uncertain tax benefits relates solely to repair deductions for which the tax consequence of any disallowed deductions related to these temporary differences is expected to be prospective only. For the three months ended December 31, 2018 there was no additional impact recognized associated with re-measurement.
Re-measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities: Under ASC 740, the tax rate used to measure deferred tax assets and liabilities are the tax rates expected to be in place when the liability is expected to be ultimately settled or the asset recovered. We re-measured deferred tax balances as of September 30, 2017. The re-measurement of our deferred tax assets and liabilities includes the impact on our cumulative prior year deferred tax asset net operating loss (DTA NOL), investment tax credit and related attributes and deferred taxes associated with our benefit plans.
Through September 30, 2018, the effect of the re-measurement at a federal tax rate of 21% resulted in a net decrease in deferred tax liabilities in the amount of $421.7 million, including net tax gross-up, primarily related to the impact on plant-related deferred tax liabilities. The re-measurement of deferred tax assets not associated with rate-making are recorded as income tax expense of $7.0 million.
Under ASC 980, we recorded a regulatory liability for excess deferred income taxes of $431.0 million including tax gross-up for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. Included in this amount. we recorded a decrease for flow-through depreciation related items and an increase for the re-measurement of non-plant excess deferred taxes (including the net operating loss carryforward deferred tax asset). These adjustments both included the appropriate tax gross-up.
For the three months ended December 31, 2018, the final re-measurement implementation resulted in a net increase in deferred tax liabilities in the amount of $5.9 million, including net tax gross-up, and an increase to income tax expense of $1.2 million.
For the three months ended December 31, 2018, under ASC 980, we reduced the net regulatory liability for excess deferred income taxes of $6.1 million including tax gross-up.
For the twelve months ended September 30, 2018, the Company had cumulative taxable losses, and as a result, the Company has recorded its deferred tax liabilities at a federal rate of 21% because all amounts will reverse in future years when the rate is expected to be 21%.
For the three months ended December 31, 2018, the re-measurement of all deferred tax assets and liabilities have been completed, including the re-measurement of the net operating loss.
Accounting for the NOL DTA associated with the prior year return to provision true-up adjustments. Following the filing of our 2017 Federal income tax return, we recorded certain adjustments in the fourth quarter of 2018 to adjust our estimated taxes to the amounts included in the return. During the three months ended December 31, 2018, we have recorded the impacts of temporary differences on our deferred income tax balances resulting from these return to provision adjustments and have fully analyzed the impacts to the associated DTA - NOL and tax sharing.
Components of Income Tax Expense or Benefit
The following tables provide the components of income tax expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and for fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016.


83

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
  
Three Months Ended December 31,
Fiscal Years Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
2018
2018
 
2017
 
2016
INCOME TAX EXPENSE
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$

$

 
$
1,722

 
$
(48,064
)
State

1,274

 
1,283

 
(2,957
)
Total current

1,274

 
3,005

 
(51,021
)
Deferred:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accelerated depreciation
6,494

(27,846
)
 
83,009

 
93,385

Other
2,537

(8,485
)
 
(18,419
)
 
13,826

State
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accelerated depreciation
2,416

12,533

 
15,033

 
13,081

Other
(3,435
)
(2,637
)
 
(2,037
)
 
3,190

Total deferred(a)
8,012

(26,435
)
 
77,586

 
123,482

Amortization of investment tax credits
(165
)
(702
)
 
(751
)
 
(795
)
Total income tax expense (benefit)
$
7,847

$
(25,863
)
 
$
79,840

 
$
71,666

(a) Includes tax expense of $1.2 million and $7.0 million related to re-measurement of deferred income taxes for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

Rate Reconciliation
The effective income tax rate from continuing operations varies from the U.S. Federal statutory rate principally due to the following:


84

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Reconciliation Between the Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate and Effective Tax Rate
  
Three Months Ended December 31,
Fiscal Years Ended September 30,
($ In thousands)
2018
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Income taxes at statutory federal income tax rate(a)
$
11,974

21.00
 %
$
(11,026
)
 
21.00
 %
 
$
74,071

 
35.00
 %
 
$
64,673

 
35.00
 %
Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Plant basis differences
(4,261
)
(7.47
)
1,079

 
(2.06
)
 
2,213

 
1.05

 
2,445

 
1.32

Allowance for funds used during construction
(520
)
(0.91
)
(70
)
 
0.13

 
(291
)
 
(0.14
)
 
(509
)
 
(0.28
)
Amortization of investment tax credits
(165
)
(0.29
)
(703
)
 
1.34

 
(751
)
 
(0.35
)
 
(795
)
 
(0.43
)
Amortization of excess deferred taxes
(2,431
)
(4.26
)
(9,798
)
 
18.66

 
(196
)
 
(0.09
)
 

 

Cost of removal
(28
)
(0.05
)
(1,561
)
 
2.97

 
(2,944
)
 
(1.39
)
 
(3,722
)
 
(2.01
)
State income taxes-net of federal benefit
2,737

4.80

(2,659
)
 
5.06

 
9,482

 
4.48

 
8,310

 
4.50

Consolidated tax sharing allocation



 

 

 

 
1,073

 
0.58

Re-measurement
1,243

2.18

7,031

 
(13.39
)
 

 

 

 

ASU 2016-09 adoption


(3,223
)
 
6.14

 

 

 

 

Return to provision adjustment


(4,669
)
 
8.89

 
(4,859
)
 
(2.30
)
 
(1,353
)
 
(0.73
)
Other items-net
(702
)
(1.23
)
(264
)
 
0.50

 
3,115

 
1.47

 
1,544

 
0.84

Total income tax expense (benefit) and effective tax rate
$
7,847

13.77
 %
$
(25,863
)
 
49.24
 %
 
$
79,840

 
37.73
 %
 
$
71,666

 
38.79
 %
(a)As a result of the merger with AltaGas, Washington Gas is subject to two separate short periods and accompanying returns. The first period through July 6, 2018 is subjected to a higher, blended federal statutory rate. Due to the net operating loss for federal tax purposes through September 30, 2018, all the year activity is ultimately taxed at 21%. As such, for presentational purposes, we applied a 21% rate to the entire fiscal year 2018 activity.

Components of accumulated deferred income tax assets and liabilities
The following table provides the components of accumulated deferred income tax assets (liabilities) for Washington Gas at December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017.




85

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Components of Accumulated Deferred Income Tax Assets (Liabilities)
(In thousands)
 
December 31, 2018
 
September 30, 2018
 
September 30, 2017
Deferred income tax assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pensions
 
$
25,629

 
$
43,071

 
$
41,907

Uncollectible accounts
 
1,680

 
1,131

 
7,815

Inventory overheads
 
4,088

 
4,090

 
6,617

Employee compensation and benefits
 
40,960

 
51,006

 
47,479

Derivatives
 
8,737

 
7,435

 
11,187

Income taxes recoverable through future rates
 
96,256

 
121,357

 

Deferred gas costs
 

 

 
1,485

Net operating loss
 
84,674

 
90,943

 

Total assets
 
262,024

 
319,033

 
116,490

Deferred income tax liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other post-retirement benefits
 
63,540

 
106,289

 
89,494

Accelerated depreciation and other plant related items
 
636,196

 
615,499

 
876,235

Losses/gains on reacquired debt
 
571

 
581

 
1,047

Income taxes recoverable through future rates
 

 

 
33,324

Deferred gas costs
 
14,928

 
3,041

 

Other
 
1,037

 
3,430

 
4,775

Total liabilities
 
716,272

 
728,840

 
1,004,875

Net accumulated deferred income tax assets (liabilities)
 
(454,248
)
 
$
(409,807
)
 
$
(888,385
)
The Company’s net operating losses generated through July 6, 2018 have expiration dates beginning in 2036. The Company’s investment tax credit carry forwards expire over various years beginning 2032.
Tabular Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The following table summarizes the change in unrecognized tax benefits during the three months ended December 31, 2018, and the fiscal years of 2018, 2017, 2016, and our total unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2018 under the provisions of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes:
Unrecognized Tax Benefits For Fiscal Year Ended September 30,
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
Fiscal Year Ended September 30
(In thousands)
2018
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Total unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of the period
$
43,567

$
48,009

 
$
42,283

 
$
38,627

Increases in tax positions relating to current period
2,574

10,947

 
10,766

 
10,645

Decreases in tax positions relating to prior periods
(10,235
)
(15,389
)
 
(5,040
)
 
(6,989
)
Total unrecognized tax benefits at end of the period
$
35,906

$
43,567

 
$
48,009

 
$
42,283

During the three months ended December 31, 2018 and the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, the unrecognized tax benefits for Washington Gas decreased by approximately $7.7 million and $4.4 million, respectively, relating to uncertain tax positions, primarily due to the change in tax accounting for repairs and closed periods. If the amounts of unrecognized tax benefits are eventually realized, it would not materially impact the effective tax rate. It is reasonably possible that the amount of the unrecognized tax benefit with respect to some of Washington Gas’ uncertain tax positions will significantly increase or decrease in the next 12 months, if the IRS were to finalize and issue its proposed revenue procedure for gas distribution repair deductions.
Amounts of Interest and Penalties Recognized
Washington Gas recognizes any accrued interest associated with uncertain tax positions in interest expense and recognizes any accrued penalties associated with uncertain tax positions in other expenses in the statements of income. During the three

86

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

months ended December 31, 2018 and the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016, there was no accrued interest expense or penalties associated with uncertain tax positions.
NOTE 9. PENSION AND OTHER POST-RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
 
Washington Gas maintains a qualified, trusteed, non-contributory defined benefit pension plan (qualified pension plan) covering most active and vested former employees of Washington Gas and certain employees of WGL subsidiaries. The non-contributory defined benefit pension plan is closed to all employees hired on or after January 1, 2010 and instead employees are eligible to receive supplemental contributions to their defined-contribution savings plan.
Several executive officers of Washington Gas also participate in a defined benefit supplemental executive retirement plan (DB SERP), a non-qualified pension plan. The DB SERP was closed to new entrants beginning January 1, 2010 and instead, executive officers are eligible to participate in a defined contribution SERP (DC SERP). In addition, effective January 1, 2010, Washington Gas established a non-funded defined benefit restoration plan (DB restoration) for the purpose of providing supplemental pension and pension-related benefits to a select group of management employees. There are rabbi trusts associated with the DB SERP and DB restoration plans that were funded pursuant to the Merger Agreement. The rabbi trusts can be used to make payments to the participants or the payments can be made from operating funds. At December 31, 2018, the rabbi trust balance associated with these two plans was $60.8 million. $20.2 million was recorded in “Current Assets-Other” and $40.6 million was recorded in “Deferred Charges and Other Assets - Other”, along with other rabbi trust balances. Washington Gas accounts for the qualified pension plan, DB SERP and DB restoration plans under the provisions of ASC Topic 715, Compensation-Retirement Benefits.
Washington Gas offers defined-contribution savings plans to all eligible employees. These plans allow participants to defer on a pre-tax or after-tax basis, a portion of their salaries for investment in various alternatives. We make matching contributions to the amounts contributed $1.1 million, $5.0 million, $4.6 million and $4.4 million during the three months ended December 31, 2018 and fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. All employees not earning benefits in the qualified pension plan receive an employer provided supplemental contribution ranging from 4% to 6% depending on years of service. Total supplemental contributions to the plan were $0.7 million, $2.7 million, $2.2 million and $1.9 million during the three months ended December 31, 2018 and fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Washington Gas provides certain healthcare and life insurance benefits for retired employees of Washington Gas and certain employees of WGL subsidiaries. Substantially all employees of Washington Gas may become eligible for such benefits if they attain retirement status while working for Washington Gas. For eligible retirees and dependents not yet receiving Medicare benefits, Washington Gas provides medical, prescription drug and dental benefits through Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) or Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) plans, through the Washington Gas Light Company Retiree Medical Plan (Retiree Medical Plan). For Medicare-eligible retirees age 65 and older, eligible retirees and dependents participate in a special tax-free HRA plan effective January 1, 2015. Participating retirees and dependents receive an annual subsidy to help purchase supplemental medical, prescription drug and dental coverage in the marketplace. As part of the new HRA plan, participants who enroll in a Medicare Part D prescription drug plan and meet the threshold for Medicare catastrophic prescription drug coverage will be eligible for an additional reimbursement of their out-of-pocket prescription drug costs in excess of the threshold. Washington Gas accounts for healthcare and life insurance benefits under the provisions of ASC Topic 715.
On September 25, 2015, the Retiree Medical Plan was amended to limit the aggregate cost of applicable employer-sponsored coverage, thereby avoiding the 40% excise tax enacted by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. The resolution, which was effective September 30, 2015 applies to plan years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, and includes a limit of $11,850 per participant, with a maximum limit of $30,950 for family coverage. This amendment resulted in a prior service credit of $26.1 million.
Almost all costs associated with Washington Gas’ defined benefit post-retirement plans have historically been, and are expected to be, recovered through Washington Gas’ rates. Therefore, in accordance with ASC Topic 980 and ASC Topic 715, Washington Gas established a regulatory asset/liability for the substantial majority of the unrecognized costs/income associated with its defined benefit post-retirement plans. To the extent these amounts will not be recovered through Washington Gas’ rates, they are recorded directly to “Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes.”
Obligations and Assets

87

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Washington Gas uses a measurement date of December 31, 2018 for its pension and retiree health care and life insurance benefits plans upon the changing of fiscal years. Previously, Washington Gas used a measurement date of September 30. The following table provides certain information about Washington Gas’ post-retirement benefits:
 
Post-Retirement Benefits
 
      Pension Benefits(a)
 
Health and Life Benefits
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
Fiscal Year Ended September 30,
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
Fiscal Year Ended September 30,
(In millions)

2018
2018
2017
 
2018
2018
2017
Change in projected benefit obligation(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of period
$
989.8

$
1,047.5

$
1,069.3

 
$
283.3

$
309.0

$
324.3

Service cost
3.0

14.9

16.5

 
1.3

5.3

5.8

Interest cost
10.6

39.6

38.4

 
3.0

11.7

11.7

Change in plan benefits
0.2



 


1.1

Actuarial loss (gain)
(17.3
)
(65.2
)
(28.2
)
 
(6.2
)
(28.7
)
(18.9
)
Retiree contributions and rebates



 
0.9

1.9

1.8

Benefits paid
(14.5
)
(47.0
)
(48.5
)
 
(4.4
)
(15.9
)
(16.8
)
Projected benefit obligation at end of period(b)
$
971.8

$
989.8

$
1,047.5

 
$
277.9

$
283.3

$
309.0

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of period
$
863.9

$
872.5

$
850.0

 
$
569.3

$
540.5

$
505.0

Actual return on plan assets
(42.3
)
38.8

68.6

 
(32.0
)
43.0

48.1

Company contributions
0.4

1.8

4.4

 
1.3

5.0

8.2

Retiree contributions and rebates



 
0.9

1.9

1.8

Expenses
(0.5
)
(2.2
)
(2.0
)
 
(6.3
)
(5.2
)
(5.8
)
Benefits paid
(14.5
)
(47.0
)
(48.5
)
 
(4.4
)
(15.9
)
(16.8
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of period
$
807.0

$
863.9

$
872.5

 
$
528.8

$
569.3

$
540.5

Funded status at end of period
$
(164.8
)
$
(125.9
)
$
(175.0
)
 
$
250.9

$
286.0

$
231.5

Allocation to affiliates
$
(1.6
)
$
(1.3
)
$
(1.7
)
 
$
1.4

$
1.7

$
1.2

Adjusted funded status at end of period
(163.2
)
(124.6
)
(173.3
)
 
249.5

284.3

230.3

Total amounts recognized on balance sheet
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-current asset
$

$

$

 
$
249.5

$
284.3

$
230.3

Current liability
(20.2
)
(20.2
)
(6.5
)
 



Non-current liability
(143.0
)
(104.4
)
(166.8
)
 



Total recognized
$
(163.2
)
$
(124.6
)
$
(173.3
)
 
$
249.5

$
284.3

$
230.3

(a)The DB SERP and DB Restoration, included in pension benefits in the table above, does not include the amounts funded in rabbi trust.
(b)For the Health and Life Benefits, the change in projected benefit obligation represents the accumulated benefit obligation.
The following table provides the projected benefit obligation (PBO) and accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) for the qualified pension plan, DB SERP and DB Restoration at December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017.
Projected and accumulated benefit obligation
 
Qualified Pension Plan
DB SERP
DB Restoration
 
December 31,
September 30,
December 31,
September 30,
December 31,
September 30,
(In millions)

2018
2018
2017
2018
2018
2017
2018
2018
2017
Projected benefit obligation
$
906.2

$
923.6

$
983.1

$
61.5

$
62.2

$
60.2

$
4.1

$
4.0

$
4.2

Accumulated benefit obligation
$
847.1

$
859.1

$
905.8

$
59.8

$
60.7

$
57.5

$
3.2

$
3.0

$
3.0

Amounts Recognized in Regulatory Assets/Liabilities and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

88

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

The following table provides amounts recorded to regulatory assets, regulatory liabilities and accumulated other comprehensive loss/(income) at December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017:
Unrecognized Costs/Income Recorded on the Balance Sheet
 
Pension Benefits
Health and Life Benefits
 
December 31,
September 30,
December 31,
September 30,
(In millions)

2018
2018
2017
2018
2018
2017
Actuarial net loss (gain)
$
96.1

$
61.0

$
136.1

$
(26.0
)
$
(64.5
)
$
(21.8
)
Prior service cost (credit)
1.0

0.9

1.2

(102.8
)
(107.2
)
(124.9
)
Total(a)
$
97.1

$
61.9

$
137.3

$
(128.8
)
$
(171.7
)
$
(146.7
)
Regulatory asset (liability)(b)
$
80.8

$
47.9

$
118.8

$
(121.1
)
$
(159.4
)
$
(136.4
)
Pre-tax accumulated other comprehensive loss (income)(c)
15.9

13.7

17.7

(6.9
)
(11.2
)
(9.5
)
Total
$
96.7

$
61.6

$
136.5

$
(128.0
)
$
(170.6
)
$
(145.9
)
(a)Pension benefits include amounts allocated to affiliates of $0.4 million, $0.3 million and $0.8 million at December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively; Health and Life Benefits includes amounts allocated to affiliates of $0.8 million, $1.1 million, and $0.8 million at December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(b)The regulatory liability recorded on our balance sheet at September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 is net of a deferred income tax benefit of $0.2 million and $2.2 million, respectively. There is no deferred income tax benefit at December 31, 2018.
(c)The total amount of accumulated other comprehensive loss recorded on our balance sheets at December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 is net of an income tax benefit of $2.4 million, $0.7 million and $3.6 million, respectively.
The following table provides amounts that are included in regulatory assets/liabilities and accumulated other comprehensive loss associated with our unrecognized pension and other post-retirement benefit costs that were recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost before allocations to affiliates and capital during the three months ending December 31, 2018 and the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018.
Amounts Recognized During the Three Months Ended December 31, 2018
  
 
Regulatory assets/liabilities
 
Accumulated other
comprehensive income (loss)
(In millions)
 
  Pension   
  Benefits   
 
Health and  
Life Benefits  
 
Pension      
Benefits      
 
Health and   
Life Benefits   
Actuarial net loss
 
$
1.0

 
$

 
$
0.4

 
$

Prior service cost (credit)
 
0.1

 
(4.1
)
 

 
(0.3
)
Total
 
$
1.1

 
$
(4.1
)
 
$
0.4

 
$
(0.3
)
The following table provides amounts that are included in regulatory assets/liabilities and accumulated other comprehensive loss associated with our unrecognized pension and other post-retirement benefit costs that are expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost before allocations to affiliates and capital during 2019.
Amounts to be Recognized During Calendar Year 2019
  
Regulatory assets/liabilities
 
Accumulated other
comprehensive loss
(In millions)
  Pension   
  Benefits   
 
Health and   
Life Benefits   
 
Pension      
Benefits      
 
Health and   
Life Benefits   
Actuarial net loss
$
3.4

 
$

 
$
1.7

 
$

Prior service cost (credit)
0.1

 
(15.0
)
 
0.2

 
(0.8
)
Total
$
3.5

 
$
(15.0
)
 
$
1.9

 
$
(0.8
)
Washington Gas also expects a partial settlement of the DB SERP to occur in first quarter of 2019, which will result in an estimated $4.1 million loss.
Realized and unrealized gains and losses for assets under Washington Gas’ post-retirement benefit plans are spread over a period of five years. Each year, 20% of the prior five years’ asset gains and losses are recognized. The market-related value of assets is equal to the market value of assets less the following percentages of prior years’ realized and unrealized gains and losses on equities: 80% of the prior year, 60% of the second prior year, 40% of the third prior year and 20% of the fourth prior year.
Net Periodic Benefit Cost

89

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

The components of the net periodic benefit costs (income) for three months ended December 31, 2018, and the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 related to pension and other post-retirement benefits were as follows:
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Costs (Income)
 
Pension Benefits
Health and Life Benefits
 
Three months ended December 31,
Year Ended September 30,
Three months ended December 31,
Year Ended September 30,
(In millions)

2018
2018
2017
2016
2018
2018
2017
2016
Service cost
$
3.0

$
14.9

$
16.5

$
14.2

$
1.3

$
5.3

$
5.8

$
4.6

Interest cost
10.6

39.6

38.4

41.3

3.0

11.7

11.7

13.1

Expected return on plan assets
(10.9
)
(42.3
)
(41.0
)
(40.9
)
(6.1
)
(23.7
)
(22.1
)
(20.4
)
Recognized prior service cost (credit)
0.1

0.3

0.3

0.3

(4.4
)
(17.6
)
(17.7
)
(17.7
)
Recognized actuarial loss
1.4

15.6

22.0

16.9



1.9

1.2

Net periodic benefit cost (income)
4.2

28.1

36.2

31.8

(6.2
)
(24.3
)
(20.4
)
(19.2
)
Allocation to affiliates
(0.4
)
(4.2
)
(2.9
)
(1.9
)
0.8

3.1

1.4

1.1

    Adjusted net periodic benefit cost (income)
3.8

23.9

33.3

29.9

(5.4
)
(21.2
)
(19.0
)
(18.1
)
Amount allocated to construction projects(a)
(0.6
)
(4.7
)
(6.4
)
(5.6
)
(0.2
)
4.0

4.6

4.1

Amount deferred as regulatory asset (liability)-net allocations
1.5

5.9

6.9

7.1




(0.2
)
Amount charged (credited) to expense
$
4.7

$
25.1

$
33.8

$
31.4

$
(5.6
)
$
(17.2
)
$
(14.4
)
$
(14.2
)
(a)On October 1, 2018, Washington Gas prospectively adopted ASU 2017-07. As a result, only the service cost component of net periodic benefit costs (income) is eligible for capitalization.
Amounts included in the line item “Amount deferred as regulatory asset/liability-net,” as shown in the table above, represent the amortization of previously unrecovered costs of the applicable pension benefits or the health and life benefits as approved in the District of Columbia through 2019.
On October 1, 2018, Washington Gas adopted ASU 2017-07. This standard requires entities to report the service cost component in the same financial statement line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are to be presented separately from service cost and outside of operating income. Washington Gas includes the other components in "Other Income (expense)-net" on the three months ended December 31, 2018 Statement of Income. In addition, only the service cost component of net benefit cost is eligible for capitalization. Changes to the presentation of service costs and other components of net benefit cost were applied retrospectively. As a result of the retrospective adoption, we reclassified $11.3 million, $3.9 million and $3.6 million, respectively, of net periodic benefit income from "Operation and maintenance" expense to "Other income (expense)-net" on the September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 Statement of Income. Changes in capitalization practices were implemented prospectively.
Assumptions
The weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit obligations and net periodic benefit costs were as follows: 
Benefit Obligations Assumptions
  
Pension Benefits
Health and Life Benefits  
 
Three months ended December 31,
Fiscal Year ended September 30,
Three months ended December 31,
Fiscal Year ended September 30,
 
2018
2018
2017
2016
2018
2018
2017
2016
Discount rate(a)
4.30%-4.40%
4.30%-4.40%
3.60%-3.90%
3.40%-3.70%
4.40
%
4.40
%
3.90
%
3.70
%
Rate of compensation increase
3.50%-4.10%
3.50%-4.10%
3.50%-4.10%
3.50%-4.10%
4.10
%
4.10
%
4.10
%
4.10
%
(a)The increase in the discount rate in the three months ended December 31, 2018 and fiscal year 2018 compared to prior years primarily reflects the increase in long-term interest rates.

90

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Net Periodic Benefit Cost Assumptions
  
 
Pension Benefits
Health and Life Benefits
 
Three months ended December 31,
Year ended September 30,
Three months ended December 31,
Year ended September 30,
 
2018
2018
2017
2016
2018
2018
2017
2016
Discount rate(a) 
4.30%-4.40%

3.60%-3.90%

3.40%-3.70%

4.10%-4.50%

4.40
%
3.90
%
3.70
%
4.50
%
Expected long-term return on plan assets(b) 
5.75
%
5.75
%
5.75
%
6.00
%
5.25
%
5.50
%
5.50
%
5.75
%
Rate of compensation increase(c) 
3.50%-4.10%

3.50%-4.10%

3.50%-4.10%

3.50%-4.10%

4.10
%
4.10
%
4.10
%
4.10
%
(a) The changes in the discount rates over the last three fiscal years primarily reflect the changes in long-term interest rates.
(b) For health and life benefits, the expected returns for certain funds may be lower due to certain portions of income that are subject to an assumed income tax rate of 42.2%.
(c) The changes in the rate of compensation reflects the best estimates of actual future compensation levels including consideration of general price levels, productivity, seniority, promotion, and other factors such as inflation rates.
Discount Rate
Washington Gas determines the discount rate based on a portfolio of high quality fixed-income investments (AA- as assigned by Standard & Poor’s or Aa3 as assigned by Moody’s or better) whose cash flows would cover our expected benefit payments.
Expected long-term return on plan assets
Washington Gas determines the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets by averaging the expected earnings for the target asset portfolio. In developing the expected rate of return assumption, Washington Gas evaluates an analysis of historical actual performance and long-term return projections, which gives consideration to our asset mix and anticipated length of obligation of our plan.
Mortality Assumptions
On October 27, 2014, the SOA published updated mortality tables for U.S. plans (RP-2014) and an updated improvement scale (MP-2014), which both reflect improved longevity. The SOA also issued updated improvement scales each year thereafter, of which the latest is MP-2018. The RP-2014 mortality table and MP-2018 improvement scale were used to determine the benefit obligation as of December 31, 2018. The benefit obligations as of September 30, 2018 and 2017 were determined using the RP-2014 mortality tables and a modified improvement scale. We modified the MP-2014 improvement scale to (a) adjust the ultimate long-term rate of mortality improvement from 1.00% to 0.75% per annum up to age 85 trending down to 0% between age 85 and age 115; and (b) shorten the convergence period from short term to ultimate rates of improvement from the 20-year period to a 15-year period. 
Healthcare cost trend
Washington Gas assumed the healthcare cost trend rates related to the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation as of December 31, 2018, for non-Medicare eligible retirees, to be 6.5% for calendar year 2019. Washington Gas expects the trend rate to decrease to 2.1% in calendar year 2020 and remain at that level thereafter. 
Healthcare Trend
(In millions)
One Percentage-Point 
Increase 
 
One Percentage-Point
Decrease 
Increase (decrease) total service and interest cost components
$
0.2

 
$
(0.1
)
Increase (decrease) post-retirement benefit obligation
$
5.2

 
$
(4.6
)
For Medicare eligible retirees age 65 and older that will receive a subsidy each year as a benefit from the HRA plan, Washington Gas assumed no increase to the annual subsidy in calendar years 2018 and 2019 and a 3.0% increase thereafter in order to approximate possible future increases to the stipend. While the plan terms do not guarantee increases to the stipend, Washington Gas intends to review the stipend annually.
Investment Policies and Strategies
The investment objective of the qualified pension, healthcare, and life insurance benefit plans (“Plan” or “Plans”) is to allocate each Plan’s assets to appropriate investment asset classes (asset categories) so that the benefit obligations of each Plan are adequately funded, consistent with appropriate risk tolerance guidelines for the Plans’ and Washington Gas’

91

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

tolerance for risk. Washington Gas' portion of retired employee healthcare and life insurance benefits obligation is funded through two trusts: (i) the Washington Gas Light Company Post Retirement Benefit Master Trust for Retired Previously Union-Eligible Employees ("union-eligible trust") and (ii) the Washington Gas Light Company Post Retirement Benefit Master Trust for Retired Management Employees ("management trust").
In order to best achieve the investment objectives for each Plan, strategic allocation targets and ranges are established that control exposure to selected investment asset classes. Target qualified pension plan trust asset allocations are 32% U.S. Equities, 8% International Equities, 5% Real Estate and 55% Fixed Income. Target asset class allocations for the union-eligible and management trusts were modified during August 2018. At December 31, 2018, target union-eligible trust asset class allocations are 40% U.S. Large-Cap Equities and 60% Fixed Income and target management trust asset class allocations are 50% U.S. Large-Cap Equities and 50% Fixed Income. Actual asset balances are reviewed monthly and allowed to range within plus or minus 5% or less of the target allocations. Assets are generally rebalanced to target allocations before actual amounts fall below or rise above the allowable ranges.
Asset/liability modeling (ALM) is used to test the benefits and risks of several potential strategic asset allocation mixes. Simulated investment performance results based on assumptions about expected return, volatility, and correlation characteristics of the selected asset classes are tested for their effects on contributions, pension expense, PBO funded status, and downside Value at Risk metrics over a ten-year planning time horizon. Important outcomes from past ALM studies include decisions to increase fixed income exposure, lengthen the duration of those fixed income assets and implement a dynamic asset allocation strategy that allows for the de-risking of the qualified pension plan portfolio over time. The dynamic asset allocation strategy resulted in a qualified pension plan portfolio de-risking during May 2017 when Fixed Income and U.S. Equities exposures were increased and reduced, respectively.
The most recent qualified pension plan ALM study was completed during February 2018. An outcome of the 2018 ALM study was that the dynamic asset allocation strategy was adjusted so that the target fixed income allocation percentage will be increased by 10% (versus a 5% increase previously) for each 5% improvement in the qualified pension plan’s funded ratio, as measured by an investment consultant. The 2018 ALM study did not result in any other significant changes to investment strategy.
Significant amounts of each various Plan's assets are managed by the same financial institution. Each Plan has a high exposure to U.S. based investments. There are no other significant risk concentrations related to investments in any entity, industry, country, commodity, or investment fund.
Commingled funds are employed in the management of qualified pension plan, management trust, and union-eligible trust assets. In addition, a publicly offerable mutual fund and separately managed portfolios are employed in the management of a qualified pension plan trust. The management trust also utilizes a separately managed portfolio.
U.S. and international equity assets are diversified across sectors, industries, and investment styles. Fixed income assets are primarily diversified across U.S. government and investment grade corporate debt instruments, with some exposure to foreign sovereign debt and minor exposure to non-investment-grade securities. Real estate is diversified geographically across the U.S. by property type.
The qualified pension plan’s investment policy allows the use of futures, options, and other derivatives for purposes of reducing portfolio risk and as a low-cost option for gaining market exposure, but derivatives may not be used for leverage. The qualified pension plan’s investment policy prohibits investments in Washington Gas securities. The prohibition applies to separately managed portfolios but does not apply to any commingled fund investments.
The following tables present the fair value of the pension plan assets and health and life insurance plan assets by asset category as of December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

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Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Pension Plan Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
% of   
($ In millions)
Level 1  
Level 2    
Level 3        
Total     
 
Total   
At December 31, 2018
  
  
  
  
 
  
Cash and cash equivalents
$
0.7

$

$

$
0.7

 
0.1
 %
Equity securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred Securities

1.9


1.9

 
0.2

Fixed income securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasuries

133.2


133.2

 
16.5

U.S. Corporate Debt

216.4


216.4

 
26.8

U.S. Agency Obligations and Government Sponsored Entities

27.5


27.5

 
3.4

Asset-Backed Securities

0.5


0.5

 
0.1

Municipalities

8.3


8.3

 
1.0

Non-U.S. Corporate Debt

46.7


46.7

 
5.8

  Other(a)

4.9


4.9

 
0.6

Mutual Funds(b)
36.4



36.4

 
4.5

Derivatives(c)

6.8


6.8

 
0.8

Total investments in the fair value hierarchy
$
37.1

$
446.2

$

$
483.3

 
59.8
 %
Investments measured at net asset value using the NAV practical expedient(d)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commingled Funds and Pooled Separate Accounts(e)
 
 
 
289.6

 
35.9
 %
Private Equity/Limited Partnership(f)
 
 
 
35.3

 
4.4
 %
Total fair value of plan investments
 
 
 
808.2

 
100.1
 %
Net receivable (payable)(g)
 
 
 
(1.2
)
 
(0.1
)
Total plan assets at fair value (h)
 
 
 
$
807.0

 
100.0
 %


93

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Pension Plan Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
% of   
($ In millions)
Level 1  
Level 2    
Level 3        
Total     
 
Total   
At September 30, 2018
  
  
  
  
 
  
Cash and cash equivalents
$
2.2

$

$

$
2.2

 
0.3
%
Equity securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred Securities

2.1


2.1

 
0.2

Fixed income securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasuries

127.6


127.6

 
14.8

U.S. Corporate Debt

227.8


227.8

 
26.4

U.S. Agency Obligations and Government Sponsored Entities

28.3


28.3

 
3.3

Asset-Backed Securities

0.5


0.5

 
0.1

Municipalities

8.3


8.3

 
1.0

Non-U.S. Corporate Debt

47.1


47.1

 
5.5

  Other(a)

5.2


5.2

 
0.6

Mutual Funds(b)
42.4



42.4

 
4.9

Derivatives(c)

1.1


1.1

 
0.1

Total investments in the fair value hierarchy
$
44.6

$
448.0

$

$
492.6

 
57.2
%
Investments measured at net asset value using the NAV practical expedient(d)
 
 
 
 
 


Commingled Funds and Pooled Separate Accounts(e)
 
 
 
329.3

 
38.0
%
Private Equity/Limited Partnership(f)
 
 
 
39.1

 
4.5
%
Total fair value of plan investments
 
 
 
861.0

 
99.7
%
Net receivable(g)
 
 
 
2.9

 
0.3

Total plan assets at fair value (i)
 
 
 
$
863.9

 
100.0
%

 

94

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Pension Plan Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
% of
($ In millions)
Level 1  
Level 2   
Level 3       
Total   
 
Total
At September 30, 2017
  
  
  
  
 
  
Cash and cash equivalents
$
0.7

$

$

$
0.7

 
0.1
 %
Equity securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred Securities

0.6


0.6

 
0.1

Fixed income securities
 
 
 

 
 
U.S. Treasuries

140.9


140.9

 
16.2

U.S. Corporate Debt

232.3


232.3

 
26.6

U.S. Agency Obligations and Government Sponsored Entities

20.0


20.0

 
2.3

Asset-Backed Securities

2.0


2.0

 
0.2

Municipalities

14.9


14.9

 
1.7

Non-U.S. Corporate Debt

48.1


48.1

 
5.5

Repurchase Agreement(i)
 
3.7

 
3.7

 
0.4

Other(a)

6.7


6.7

 
0.8

Mutual Funds(b)
41.4



41.4

 
4.7

Derivatives(c)

1.9


1.9

 
0.2

Total investments in the fair value hierarchy
$
42.1

$
471.1

$

$
513.2

 
58.8
 %
Investments measured at net asset value using the NAV practical expedient(d)
 
 
 


 


Commingled Funds and Pooled Separate Accounts(e)

 
 
 
$
324.4

 
37.2
 %
Private Equity/Limited Partnership(f)
 
 
 
$
37.6

 
4.3
 %
Total fair value of plan investments

 
 
 
875.2


100.3
 %
Net payable(g)
 
 
 
(2.7
)
 
(0.3
)
Total plan assets at fair value
 
 
 
$
872.5

 
100.0
 %
(a) This category primarily includes non-U.S. government bonds as of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 and 2017.
(b) At December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 and 2017, the investment in a mutual fund consisted primarily of common stock of non-U.S. based companies.
(c)At December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 and 2017, this category included a combination of long-term U.S. Treasury interest rate future contracts, currency forwards, currency option interest rate swaps, and put and call options on both interest rate swaps and credit default swap index products.
(d) In accordance with ASC Topic 820, these investments are measured at fair value using NAV per share as a practical expedient and, therefore, have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliations of the fair value hierarchy to the statements of net assets available for plan benefits.
(e) As of December 31, 2018 investments in commingled funds and a pooled separate account consisted of approximately 89% common stock U.S companies; 9% income producing properties located in the United States; and 1% short-term money market investments. As of September 30, 2018 and 2017, investments in commingled funds and a pooled separate account consisted of approximately 90% common stock U.S companies; 8% income producing properties located in the United States; and 2% short-term money market investments.
(f)At December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 and 2017, investments in a private equity/limited partnership consisted of common stock of international companies.
(g) At December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 and 2017, this net payable primarily represents pending trades for investments purchased net of pending trades for investments sold and interest receivable.
(h) This table does not include rabbi trust investments located in "Current Assets-Other" and "Deferred Charges and Other Assets-Other" on our balance sheets. Refer to Note 14— Fair Value Measurements for fair value of rabbi trust investments.
(i) This category includes Treasury Bills with a pre-commitment from the counterparty to repurchase the same securities on the next business day at an agreed-upon price.



95

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Healthcare and Life Insurance Plan Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
% of  
($ In millions)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total  
 
Total  
At December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
$
3.2

$

$

$
3.2

 
0.6
%
Fixed Income Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S Agency Obligations

1.9


1.9

 
0.4

U.S. Treasuries

51.2


51.2

 
9.7

U.S. Corporate Debt

51.6


51.6

 
9.8

Municipalities

4.5


4.5

 
0.8

Non-U.S. Corporate Debt

8.5


8.5

 
1.6

  Other(a)

3.3


3.3

 
0.6

Total investments in the fair value hierarchy

$
3.2

$
121.0

$

$
124.2

 
23.5
%
Investments measured at net asset value using the NAV practical expedient(b)

 
 
 
 
 
 
Commingled Funds(c)
 
 
 
403.3

 
76.3
%
Total fair value of plan investments
 
 
 
527.5

 
99.8
%
Net receivable(d)
 
 
 
1.3

 
0.2

Total plan assets at fair value
 
 
 
$
528.8

 
100.0
%


96

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Healthcare and Life Insurance Plan Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
% of  
($ In millions)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total  
 
Total  
At September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
$
2.9

$

$

$
2.9

 
0.5
%
Fixed Income Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S Agency Obligations

1.9


1.9

 
0.3

U.S. Treasuries

50.1


50.1

 
8.8

U.S. Corporate Debt

55.0


55.0

 
9.7

Municipalities

4.7


4.7

 
0.8

Non-U.S. Corporate Debt

9.1


9.1

 
1.6

  Other(a)

3.4


3.4

 
0.6

Total investments in the fair value hierarchy

$
2.9

$
124.2

$

$
127.1

 
22.3
%
Investments measured at net asset value using the NAV practical expedient(b)

 
 
 
 
 
 
Commingled Funds(c)
 
 
 
441.6

 
77.6
%
Total fair value of plan investments
 
 
 
568.7

 
99.9
%
Net receivable(d)
 
 
 
0.6

 
0.1

Total plan assets at fair value
 
 
 
$
569.3

 
100.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
$
2.6

$

$

$
2.6

 
0.5
%
Fixed Income Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S Agency Obligations

1.7


1.7

 
0.3

U.S. Treasuries

36.0


36.0

 
6.7

U.S. Corporate Debt

41.9


41.9

 
7.8

Municipalities

3.6


3.6

 
0.7

Non-U.S. Corporate Debt

7.2


7.2

 
1.3

Other(a)

2.8


2.8

 
0.5

Total investments in the fair value hierarchy

$
2.6

$
93.2

$

$
95.8

 
17.8
%
Investments measured at net asset value using the NAV practical expedient(b)

 
 
 
 
 
 
Commingled Funds(c)

 
 
 
444.0

 
82.1
%
Total fair value of plan investments

 
 
 
539.8

 
99.9
%
Net receivable(d)

 
 
 
0.7

 
0.1

Total plan assets at fair value
 
 
 
$
540.5

 
100.0
%
(a) At December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 and 2017, this category consisted primarily of non-U.S. government bonds.
(b) In accordance with ASC Topic 820, these investments are measured at fair value using Net Asset Value (NAV) per share as a practical expedient and, therefore, have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliations of the fair value hierarchy to the statements of net assets available for plan benefits.
(c) At December 31, 2018, investments held by commingled funds in which the plan invests consisted of 54% of common stock of large-cap U.S. companies, 20% of US Govt fixed income securities and 26% corporate bonds. At September 30, 2018, investments held by commingled funds in which the plan invests consisted primarily of 58% of common stock of large-cap U.S. companies, 17% of U.S. Government fixed income securities and 25% of corporate bonds. At September 30, 2017, investments held by commingled funds in which the plan invests consisted primarily of 67% of common stock of large-cap U.S. companies,13% of U.S. Government fixed income securities and 20% of corporate bonds.
(d) At December 31,2018 and September 30, 2018 and 2017, this net receivable primarily represents pending trades for investments sold and interest receivable net of pending trades for investments purchased.
Valuation Methods
Equity securities are traded on a securities exchange and are valued at the closing quoted market price as of the balance sheet date.
Mutual funds are valued at the quoted net asset value (NAV) per share, which is computed as of the close of business on the balance sheet date. Mutual funds with a publicly quoted NAV per share are classified as Level 1.

97

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Commingled funds and pooled separate accounts are valued at the quoted NAV per unit, computed as of the close of business on the balance sheet date and are not classified in the fair value hierarchy.
The Private Equity/Limited Partnership funds is valued at the quoted NAV, which is computed monthly and allocated based on ownership interest in partners’ capital and are not classified in the fair value hierarchy.
Fixed income securities are valued using pricing models that consider various observable inputs such as benchmark yields, reported trades, broker quotes and issuer spreads to determine fair value.
The Plans may engage in repurchase transactions. Generally, in accordance with the terms of a repurchase agreement, the Plans take possession of Treasury Bills in exchange for cash and the counterparty is obligated to repurchase, and the Plan to resell, the same securities at an agreed-upon price and time. The repurchase agreements have a one-day maturity and a fair value equal to the Plan’s cash outlay at the time the agreement is executed.
Benefit Contribution
For the qualified pension plan, Washington Gas’ funding policy is to contribute an amount sufficient to satisfy the minimum annual funding requirements under the Pension Protection Act. Any contributions above the minimum annual funding requirements would be limited to amounts that are deductible under appropriate tax law. For the healthcare and life insurance benefit plans, Washington Gas’ funding policy is to contribute amounts that are collected from ratepayers.
During the three months ended December 31, 2018, Washington Gas did not contribute to its qualified pension but did contribute $0.5 million to its DB SERP plan. During calendar year 2019, Washington Gas does not expect to make a contribution to its qualified pension plan and expects to contribute $20.2 million to its DB SERP, which is expected to be funded by the rabbi trust. During the three months ended December 31, 2018, Washington Gas contributed $1.3 million to its health and life insurance benefit plans. Washington Gas does not expect to make a contribution to its health and life insurance benefit plans during calendar year 2019.
Expected Benefit Payments
Expected benefit payments, including benefits attributable to estimated future employee service, which are expected to be paid over the next ten calendar years are as follows: 
Expected Benefit Payments
(In millions)
Pension 
Benefits 
 
Health and 
Life Benefits 
2019
$
67.5

 
$
16.3

2020
53.4

 
15.7

2021
54.6

 
15.8

2022
57.7

 
15.9

2023
56.1

 
15.9

2024—2028
291.2

 
81.1

Regulatory Matters
A significant portion of the estimated pension and post-retirement medical and life insurance benefits apply to our regulated activities. Each regulatory commission having jurisdiction over Washington Gas requires it to fund amounts reflected in rates for post-retirement medical and life insurance benefits into irrevocable trusts.
District of Columbia Jurisdiction
The PSC of DC has approved a level of rates sufficient to recover annual costs associated with the qualified pension and other post-retirement benefits. Expenses of the SERP allocable to the District of Columbia are not recovered through rates. On May 15, 2013, the PSC of DC issued an order providing for recovery of unrecovered costs for pension and other post-retirement benefits as of the effective date of new rates. On March 3, 2017, the Commission issued an order that continued the amortization for prior unrecovered pension and other post-retirement benefits through 2019.
Maryland Jurisdiction
In Washington Gas’ most recent rate case that was finalized in December 2018, the PSC of MD denied recovery through rates of the expenses of the SERP, resulting in a reclassification of $2.9 million from "Regulatory assets" to "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" on the balance sheet. Prior to December 2018, the PSC of MD approved 50% recovery through rates of the SERP expenses. The PSC of MD has approved a level of rates sufficient to recover pension and other post-retirement benefit costs as determined under GAAP.

98

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements


Virginia Jurisdiction
On September 28, 1995, the SCC of VA issued a generic order that allowed Washington Gas to recover most costs determined under GAAP for post-retirement medical and life insurance benefits in rates over twenty years. The SCC of VA, however, set a forty-year recovery period of the transition obligation. As prescribed by GAAP, Washington Gas amortizes these costs over a twenty-year period. With the exception of the transition obligation, the SCC of VA has approved a level of rates sufficient to recover annual costs for all pension and other post-retirement medical and life insurance benefit costs determined under GAAP.
NOTE 10. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
 
Stock-Based Compensation for Key Employees
We have stock-based awards outstanding in the form of performance units and restricted units. In March 2016, WGL adopted a shareholder-approved Omnibus Plan (2016 Plan) to replace, on a prospective basis, the Omnibus Incentive Plan (2007 Plan). Stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, deferred stock as a bonus or awards in lieu of obligations, dividend equivalents, other stock-based awards and cash awards may be granted under the 2016 Plan. Effective upon the Merger with AltaGas, WGL no longer has common stock outstanding and no new awards will be issued in WGL stock.
Description of Current Awards
Washington Gas has stock-based awards outstanding in the form of performance units and restricted units. Performance units have a three-year vesting period, are settled in cash and are accounted for as liability awards. Restricted units have annual vesting over the three-year period, are settled in cash and are accounted for as deferred compensation under ASC 710.
Performance Units
Performance units earned pursuant to terms of the grant are paid in cash and are valued at $1.00 per performance unit.
A portion of the performance units vest from zero to 200 percent of the target award based on our return on equity ratio achieved during the performance period, which is a performance condition under ASC Topic 718 (ROE Award). The resulting payout is also adjusted from 80 to 120 percent by a modifier based on AltaGas' total shareholder return relative to a selected peer group of companies (TSR Modifier), which is a market condition under ASC Topic 718.
A portion of the performance units vest from zero to 200 percent of the target award based on our three-year adjusted funds from operation compounded growth during the performance period, which is a performance condition under ASC Topic 718 (AFFO Award). The resulting payout if also adjusted by a TSR Modifier.
Our performance units are accounted for as liability awards under ASC 718 as they only settle in cash; therefore, we measure and record compensation expense for these awards based on their fair value at the end of each period until their vesting date. The percentage of the fair value that is accrued as compensation expense at the end of each period equals the percentage of the requisite service that has been rendered at that date. Consequently, fluctuations in earnings may result.
Restricted Units
Restricted units earned pursuant to terms of the grant are paid in cash at the end of each year and are valued at $1.00 per restricted unit.
One third of the restricted units vest at the end of each year in the three-year period if AltaGas pays a dividend during that period.
Our restricted units are accounted for under ASC 710 as they only settle in cash and do not have a market condition; therefore, we measure and record compensation expense for these awards based on the probable payment at the end of each period. The percentage of the probable payment that is accrued as compensation expense at the end of each period equals the percentage of the requisite service that has been rendered at that date.
The following tables summarize information regarding performance unit and restricted unit activity during the three months ended December 31, 2018.

99

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Performance Unit Activity
  
Three Months Ended December 31, 2018  
  
Number of Units
 
Non-vested and outstanding, beginning of the quarter

 
Granted
5,934,828

 
Settled

 
Canceled/forfeited

 
Non-vested and outstanding, end of year
5,934,828

Restricted Unit Activity
  
Three Months Ended December 31, 2018  
  
Number of Units
Non-vested and outstanding, beginning of the quarter

Granted
2,253,585

Settled

Canceled/forfeited

Non-vested and outstanding, end of year
2,253,585

For the three months ended December 31, 2018, we recognized $0.3 million compensation expense related to the performance units and restricted units. As of December 31, 2018, total unrecognized compensation expense related to the current stock-based awards is $6.5 million, which will be recognized over a period of 2.75 years. As of December 31, 2018, we recorded a deferred liability of $0.7 million related to the grant in “Deferred Credits-other”.
Description of Prior Awards
Prior to the Merger with AltaGas, Washington Gas had stock-based awards outstanding in the form of performance shares and performance units. All stock-based awards outstanding had a three-year vesting period. Performance shares were accounted for as equity awards, and performance units were accounted for as liability awards as they were settled in cash. Both awards were subject to certain market or performance conditions and provided for accelerated vesting upon a change in control of WGL under certain circumstances. Upon the Merger with AltaGas, the awards granted in fiscal years 2017 and 2016 were accelerated and became fully vested. The awards granted in fiscal year 2018 were converted to a fixed cash amount and still require vesting over the three-year period. See the Modification section below for a more detailed discussion of the impact.
For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, we recognized $15.8 million compensation expense, of which $7.7 million related to the modification event described below. A $4.9 million income tax benefit was related to the compensation expense.
For the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we recognized stock-based compensation expense of $12.2 million and $10.1 million, respectively, and related income tax benefits of $6.1 million and $4.5 million, respectively.
Performance Shares
For performance shares granted in fiscal years 2017 and 2016, half of the performance shares vested from zero to 200 percent of the target award based on WGL's total shareholder return relative to a selected peer group of companies, which is a market condition under ASC Topic 718 (TSR Award). The remaining half of the performance shares granted in fiscal years 2017 and 2016 vested if our non-GAAP operating earnings per share on a diluted basis exceed dividends paid per share of common stock during the performance period, which is a performance condition under ASC Topic 718 (Dividend Coverage Award).
For performance shares granted in fiscal year 2018, half of the performance shares were ROE Awards. The remaining half of the performance shares granted in fiscal year 2018 were Dividend Coverage Awards.
We recognized compensation expense related to performance shares over the three-year requisite service period. Compensation expense for performance shares that vest based on the satisfaction of a performance condition was recognized for awards that ultimately vest and was adjusted to the actual outcome of the performance condition. Compensation expense for performance shares that vest based on the satisfaction of a market condition was recognized at the grant date fair value if the requisite service is rendered, but is not adjusted to reflect the ultimate achievement of the market condition. The fair value of

100

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

each performance share that vests based on the satisfaction of a market condition was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model at the grant date.
The total intrinsic value of performance shares vested during the year ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $16.7 million and $9.9 million, respectively.
Performance Units
Performance units earned pursuant to terms of the grant were paid in cash and valued at $1.00 per performance unit.
For performance units granted in fiscal years 2017 and 2016, half of the performance units were TSR Awards and half were ROE Awards. All the performance units granted in fiscal year 2018 were ROE Awards.
Our performance units were liability awards as they only settled in cash; therefore, we measured and recorded compensation expense for these awards based on their fair value at the end of each period until their vesting date. The percentage of the fair value that was accrued as compensation expense at the end of each period equaled the percentage of the requisite service that had been rendered at that date. Consequently, fluctuations in earnings could result, that did not occur under the accounting requirements for our performance shares.
The fair value of each performance unit that vests based on the satisfaction of a market condition was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value of each performance unit that vests based on the satisfaction of a performance condition was $1.00. The amount of total compensation cost to be recognized for these performance units was a function of this fair value and the number of awards vested as a result of the performance condition being met and the requisite service provided.
As of September 30, 2017, we recorded a current and deferred liability of $16.6 million, related to our performance units. The current liability was recorded in "Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities-other" in the amount of $8.5 million at September 30, 2017. The deferred liability was recorded in “Deferred Credits-other” in the amount of $8.1 million, at September 30, 2017. As of September 30, 2018, there was no liability recorded related to our ongoing performance units.
During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, we paid $6.7 million in cash to settle performance unit awards. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, we paid an additional $8.5 million in cash to settle performance unit awards that vested before the Merger. There were no such settlements during the three months ended December 31, 2018.
Modification Event
Upon the Merger with AltaGas, the vesting for the stock-based awards granted in fiscal years 2017 and 2016 was accelerated and the awards were paid in cash, with no additional service required. All performance shares were converted into cash at a value of $88.25 per share. All performance units remained at a value of $1.00 per unit. The TSR Awards were paid at the greater of actual total shareholder return performance or the target award value. The ROE Awards and Dividend Coverage Awards were paid at the target award value. Any dividend equivalents for the performance share awards were also paid in cash. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, we paid $30.0 million in cash to settle the fiscal year 2017 and 2016 awards that were accelerated.
The stock-based awards granted in fiscal year 2018 were converted to a fixed cash amount at the target award level, and still require vesting in accordance with the original three-year period, except for certain employees who may have a change in control event and accelerate vesting. All performance shares were converted into cash at a value of $88.25 per share. All performance units remained at a value of $1.00 per unit. These awards will be accounted for under ASC Topic 710 for the remaining service period. For the three months ended December 31, 2018, we recognized compensation expense of $1.0 million for the fiscal year 2018 grant. As of December 31, 2018, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to these awards was $2.7 million, which will be recognized ratably through September 30, 2020, adjusted for forfeitures or accelerated vesting as a result of a change in control event. As of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, we recorded a deferred liability of $3.7 million and $3.1 million, respectively, related to the grant in “Deferred Credits-other” and a current liability of $2.9 million and $2.2 million, respectively, in "Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities-other".
Stock Grants to Directors
Prior to the Merger with AltaGas, non-employee directors received a portion of their annual retainer fee in the form of WGL common stock through the Directors’ Stock Compensation Plan. Up to 270,000 shares of common stock were available under the plan. Shares granted to directors were approximately 9,000, 10,000 and 13,000 for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For those years, the weighted average fair value of the stock on the grant dates was $85.84, $76.28, and $62.99, respectively. Shares awarded to the participants; (i) vest immediately and cannot be forfeited; (ii) may be sold or transferred (subject to WGL's stock ownership guidelines) and (iii) have voting and dividend rights. For each of the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, WGL recognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock grants of $0.8 million. No new common stock awards will be granted to directors.


101

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

NOTE 11. ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
 
We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations related to environmental matters. These laws and regulations may require expenditures over a long-time frame to control environmental effects. Almost all of the environmental liabilities we have recorded are for costs expected to be incurred to remediate sites where we or a predecessor affiliate operated MGPs. Estimates of liabilities for environmental response costs are difficult to determine with precision because of the various factors that can affect their ultimate level. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following:
the complexity of the site;
changes in environmental laws and regulations at the federal, state and local levels;
the number of regulatory agencies or other parties involved;
new technology that renders previous technology obsolete or experience with existing technology that proves ineffective;
the level of remediation required; and
variations between the estimated and actual period of time that must be dedicated to respond to an environmentally-contaminated site.
Washington Gas has identified up to ten sites where it or its predecessors may have operated MGPs. Washington Gas last used any such plant in 1984. In connection with these operations, we are aware that coal tar and certain other by-products of the gas manufacturing process are present at or near some former sites and may be present at others.
At December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, Washington Gas reported a liability of $11.3 million, $10.2 million and $7.7 million, respectively, on an undiscounted basis related to future environmental response costs. These estimates principally include the minimum liabilities associated with a range of environmental response costs expected to be incurred. At December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, Washington Gas estimated the maximum liability associated with all of its sites to be approximately $29.4 million, $27.3 million and $24.0 million, respectively. The estimates were determined by Washington Gas’ environmental experts, based on experience in remediating MGP sites and advice from legal counsel and environmental consultants. The variation between the recorded and estimated maximum liability primarily results from differences in the number of years that will be required to perform environmental response processes and the extent of remediation that may be required.
Washington Gas is currently remediating its East Station property, which is adjacent to the Anacostia River, including ground water pump and treat, tar recovery, soil encapsulation and other treatment. Washington Gas is conducting a remedial investigation and feasibility study under a 2012 consent decree with the District of Columbia and the federal government and additional remediation may be required. In addition, manufactured gas waste was discovered at an adjoining property, a parcel of land adjacent to East Station. Washington Gas has agreed to work with the owners of the adjoining property to perform a site investigation, ground water sampling, and report on the contamination at the site pursuant to oversight by DOEE.
Washington Gas received a letter in February 2016 from the District of Columbia and National Park Service regarding the Anacostia River Sediment Project, indicating that the District of Columbia is conducting a separate remedial investigation and feasibility study of the Anacostia River to determine if and what cleanup measures may be required and to prepare a natural resource damage assessment. The sediment project draft remedial investigation report issued on March 30, 2018 identifies East Station as one of seventeen potential environmental cleanup sites. We are not able to estimate the total amount of potential damages or timing associated with the District of Columbia's environmental investigation on the Anacostia River at this time. While an allocation method has not been established, Washington Gas has accrued an amount for study costs based on a potential range of estimates.
Regulatory orders issued by the PSC of MD allow Washington Gas to recover the costs associated with the sites applicable to Maryland over the period ending in 2025. Rate orders issued by the PSC of DC allow Washington Gas a three-year recovery of prudently incurred environmental response costs and allow Washington Gas to defer additional costs incurred between rate cases. Regulatory orders from the SCC of VA have generally allowed the recovery of prudent environmental remediation costs to the extent they were included in the underlying financial data supporting an application for rate change.

102

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

At December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, Washington Gas reported a regulatory asset of $5.8 million, $5.0 million and $2.5 million, respectively, for the portion of environmental response costs that are expected to be recoverable in future rates.
NOTE 12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 
OPERATING LEASES
Minimum future rental payments under operating leases over the next five calendar years and thereafter are as follows:
Minimum Payments Under Operating Leases(a)
(In millions)
  
2019
$
3.0

2020
5.7

2021
5.3

2022
5.3

2023
5.4

Thereafter
50.8

Total
$
75.5

(a)During the year 2018, we moved our headquarter to the office located at 1000 Maine Ave., S.W. Washington, D.C. The operating lease of the previous office located at 101 Constitution Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. ended in August 2018.
Rent expense totaled $0.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and $5.8 million, $5.3 million and $5.4 million in fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Natural Gas Contracts—Minimum Commitments
At December 31, 2018, Washington Gas had service agreements with four pipeline companies that provide direct service for firm transportation and/or storage services. These agreements, which have expiration dates ranging from calendar years 2020 to 2044, require Washington Gas to pay fixed charges each month. Additionally, Washington Gas had agreements for other pipeline and peaking services with expiration dates ranging from 2020 to 2027. These agreements were entered into based on current estimates of growth of the Washington Gas system, together with other factors, such as current expectations of the timing and extent of unbundling initiatives in the Washington Gas service territory.
The following table summarizes the minimum contractual payments that Washington Gas will make under its pipeline transportation, storage and peaking contracts, as well as minimum contractual payments to purchase natural gas at prices based on market conditions during the next five calendar years and thereafter.
Washington Gas Contract Minimums
(In millions)
Pipeline
Contracts(a) 
 
Gas Purchase
Commitments(b) 
2019
$
373.1

 
$
459.2

2020
374.1

 
384.8

2021
366.3

 
362.0

2022
362.6

 
353.9

2023
362.1

 
339.4

Thereafter
1,209.6

 
2,695.7

Total
$
3,047.8

 
$
4,595.0

(a) Represents minimum payments for natural gas transportation, storage and peaking contracts that have expiration dates through calendar year 2044.
(b) Includes known and reasonably likely commitments to purchase natural gas. Cost estimates are based on forward market prices at December 31, 2018.
When a customer selects a third-party marketer to provide supply, Washington Gas generally assigns pipeline and storage capacity to unregulated third-party marketers to deliver gas to Washington Gas’ city gate. In order to provide the gas commodity to customers who do not select an unregulated third-party marketer, Washington Gas has a commodity acquisition plan to acquire the natural gas supply to serve the customers.

103

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

To the extent these commitments are to serve its customers, Washington Gas has rate provisions in each of its jurisdictions that would allow it to continue to recover these commitments in rates. Washington Gas also actively manages its supply portfolio to ensure its sales and supply obligations remain balanced. This reduces the likelihood that the contracted supply commitments would exceed supply obligations. However, to the extent Washington Gas were to determine that changes in regulation would cause it to discontinue recovery of these costs in rates, Washington Gas would be required to charge these costs to expense without any corresponding revenue recovery. If this occurred, depending upon the timing of the occurrence, the related impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows would likely be significant.
Silver Spring, Maryland Incident
Washington Gas continues to support the investigation by the NTSB into the August 10, 2016 explosion and fire at an apartment complex on Arliss Street in Silver Spring, Maryland, the cause of which has not been determined.  The NTSB has scheduled a board meeting, open to the public, on April 23, 2019, “to determine the probable cause” of the incident. A total of 40 civil actions related to the incident have been filed against WGL and Washington Gas in the Circuit Court for Montgomery County, Maryland. All of these suits seek unspecified damages for personal injury and/or property damage. The one action seeking class action status has been amended to assert property damage and loss of use claims. The trial date for the hearings has been scheduled for December 2, 2019. We maintain excess liability insurance coverage from highly-rated insurers, subject to a nominal self-insured retention. We believe that this coverage will be sufficient to cover any significant liability that may result from this incident. Management is unable to determine a range of potential losses that are reasonably possible of occurring and therefore we have not recorded a reserve associated with this incident. Washington Gas was invited by the NTSB to be a party to the investigation and in that capacity, has worked closely with the NTSB to help determine the cause of this incident.
Regulatory Contingencies
Certain legal and administrative proceedings incidental to our business, including regulatory contingencies, involve Washington Gas. In our opinion, we have recorded an adequate provision for probable losses or refunds to customers for regulatory contingencies related to these proceedings.
Application for Approval of Reduction of Distribution Rates
On January 12, 2018, Washington Gas filed applications to reduce customer rates in Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia to reflect the impact of the Tax Act, including both the impact of the re-measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities and reduction of the federal tax rate to 21%. Washington Gas began tracking the impact of the Tax Act on revenue requirements beginning January 1, 2018, recording all impacts to regulatory assets and liabilities. In Maryland, the PSC of MD approved the application for an annual reduction in Washington Gas’ distribution rates of $14.8 million, effective for bills rendered on or after February 1, 2018.
In Virginia, the application was dismissed on March 15, 2018 and Washington Gas filed a new general rate case in July 2018 incorporating the effects of the Tax Act. On June 29, 2018, the PSC of DC approved the settlement agreement, reflecting an annual reduction in Washington Gas’ distribution rates of $8.3 million, effective for service rendered on or after July 1, 2018. The settling parties were directed to file a joint proposal, by August 1, 2018, depicting the regulatory liability balance for the period January 1, 2018 through June 30, 2018, which were refunded to customers.
Washington Gas has recorded regulatory liabilities, representing the amounts owed to customers for reduced rates between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018 of $19.2 million for Virginia. Please refer to Note 8— Income taxes for more information.
Virginia Jurisdiction
Virginia Rate Case. On July 31, 2018, Washington Gas filed an application with the SCC of VA to increase its base rates for natural gas service by $37.6 million, which includes $14.7 million of revenue associated with natural gas pipeline replacement initiatives previously approved by the Commission and paid by customers through a monthly rider. Additionally, the requested revenue amount reflects a $16.3 million reduction for lower tax expense due to the implementation of the Tax Act and excludes any costs related to the acquisition of Washington Gas by AltaGas on July 6, 2018. At December 31, 2018, Washington Gas had accrued $19.2 million related to the Tax Act. Refer to Note 8-Income Taxes for a discussion of regulatory liabilities we have established related to tax reform and Note 18-Merger with AltaGas, Ltd. for a discussion of the merger. On August 23, 2018,

104

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

the Commission issued an Order setting a procedural schedule and appointing a Hearing Examiner. Interim rates became effective, subject to refund, for usage in the January 2019 billing cycle.
Financial Guarantees
At December 31, 2018, there were no guarantees to external parties.
MERGER RELATED COMMITMENTS
For a discussion of merger related commitments, refer to Note 18 - Merger with AltaGas Ltd. of the Notes to Financial Statements.

NOTE 13. DERIVATIVES
 
DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
Washington Gas enters into contracts that qualify as derivative instruments and are accounted for under ASC Topic 815. These derivative instruments are recorded at fair value on our balance sheets and Washington Gas does not currently designate any derivatives as hedges under ASC Topic 815. Washington Gas’ derivative instruments relate to: (i) Washington Gas’ asset optimization program; (ii) managing price risk associated with the purchase of gas to serve utility customers and (iii) managing interest rate risk.
Asset Optimization. Washington Gas optimizes the value of its long-term natural gas transportation and storage capacity resources during periods when these resources are not being used to physically serve utility customers. Specifically, Washington Gas utilizes its transportation capacity assets to benefit from favorable natural gas prices between different geographic locations and utilizes its storage capacity assets to benefit from favorable natural gas prices between different time periods. As part of this asset optimization program, Washington Gas enters into physical and financial derivative transactions in the form of forward, futures and option contracts with the primary objective of securing operating margins that Washington Gas will ultimately realize. The derivative transactions entered into under this program are subject to mark-to-market accounting treatment under ASC Topic 820.
Regulatory sharing mechanisms provide for the annual realized profit from these transactions to be shared between Washington Gas' shareholders and customers; therefore, changes in fair value are recorded through earnings, or as regulatory assets or liabilities to the extent that it is probable that realized gains and losses associated with these derivative transactions will be included in the rates charged to customers when they are realized. Unrealized gains and losses recorded to earnings may cause significant period-to-period volatility; this volatility does not change the operating margins that Washington Gas expects to ultimately realize from these transactions through the use of its storage and transportation capacity resources.
All physically and financially settled contracts under our asset optimization program are reported on a net basis in the statements of income in “Utility cost of gas.” Total net margins recorded to “Utility cost of gas” after sharing and management fees associated with all asset optimization transactions for the three months ended December 31, 2018 was a net gain of $1.1 million including an unrealized loss of $4.2 million. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, we recorded a net gain of $34.3 million including an unrealized gain of $10.4 million. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, we recorded a net gain of $82.9 million including an unrealized gain of $49.3 million. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a net gain of $43.8 million including an unrealized gain of $12.0 million.
Managing Price Risk. To manage price risk associated with acquiring natural gas supply for utility customers, Washington Gas enters into physical and financial derivative transactions in the form of forward, option and other contracts, as authorized by its regulators. Any gains and losses associated with these derivatives are recorded as regulatory liabilities or assets, respectively, to reflect the rate treatment for these economic hedging activities.
Managing Interest-Rate Risk. Washington Gas may utilize derivative instruments that are designed to minimize the risk of interest-rate volatility associated with planned issuances of debt securities. Any gains and losses associated with these types of derivatives are recorded as regulatory liabilities or assets, respectively, and amortized in accordance with regulatory requirements, typically over the life of the related debt.
Operations

105

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

 The following table presents the balance sheet classification for all derivative instruments as of December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017.  
Absolute Notional Amounts
of Open Positions on Derivative Instruments
Derivative transactions
 
Notional Amounts
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2018
September 30, 2018
September 30, 2017
Natural Gas (In millions of therms)
 
 
 
 
Asset optimization & trading
 
13,051.0

13,580.0

11,223.0

Other risk-management activities
 
1,072.0

1,066.0

1,181.0

The following table presents the balance sheet classification for all derivative instruments as of December 31, 2018, September 2018 and September 2017.
Balance Sheet Classification of Derivative Instruments(b)
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2018
Gross
Derivative
Assets
 
Gross
Derivative
Liabilities
 
Netting of
Collateral
 
Total(a)
Current Assets—Derivatives
$
25.7

 
$
(6.2
)
 
$

 
$
19.5

Deferred Charges and Other Assets—Derivatives
11.3

 

 

 
11.3

Current Liabilities—Derivatives
1.1

 
(21.4
)
 


 
(20.3
)
Deferred Credits—Derivatives

 
(116.8
)
 

 
(116.8
)
Total
$
38.1

 
$
(144.4
)
 
$

 
$
(106.3
)
As of September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current Assets—Derivatives
$
17.8

 
$
(0.4
)
 
$

 
$
17.4

Deferred Charges and Other Assets—Derivatives
8.7

 

 

 
8.7

Current Liabilities—Derivatives
2.6

 
(20.2
)
 
2.8

 
(14.8
)
Deferred Credits—Derivatives
(1.6
)
 
(102.6
)
 

 
(104.2
)
Total
$
27.5

 
$
(123.2
)
 
$
2.8

 
$
(92.9
)
As of September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current Assets—Derivatives
$
7.5

 
$
(2.4
)
 
$

 
$
5.1

Deferred Charges and Other Assets—Derivatives
16.5

 
(0.3
)
 

 
16.2

Current Liabilities—Derivatives

 
(30.3
)
 

 
(30.3
)
Deferred Credits—Derivatives

 
(112.3
)
 

 
(112.3
)
Total
$
24.0

 
$
(145.3
)
 
$

 
$
(121.3
)
(a) Washington Gas has elected to offset the fair value of recognized derivative instruments against the right to reclaim or the obligation to return collateral for derivative instruments executed under the same master netting arrangement in accordance with ASC Topic 815. All recognized derivative contracts and associated financial collateral subject to a master netting arrangement or similar that is eligible for offset under ASC Topic 815 have been presented net in the balance sheet.
(b) Washington Gas did not have derivative instruments outstanding that were designated as hedging instruments at December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018, or September 30, 2017.
 The following tables present all gains and losses associated with derivative instruments for the three months ended December 31, 2018, and the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

106

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Washington Gas Light Company Gains and (Losses) on Derivative Instruments
(In millions)

Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Fiscal Year Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Recorded to income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Utility cost of gas
(3.2
)
 
(2.1
)
 
50.1

 
12.1

Recorded to regulatory assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gas costs
(6.0
)
 
(7.6
)
 
77.2

 
13.9

  Other (a)

 

 

 
(7.3
)
Total
$
(9.2
)
 
$
(9.7
)
 
$
127.3

 
$
18.7

(a) Represents the settlement of Washington Gas' forward starting interest rate swap in September 2016.
Collateral
Washington Gas utilizes standardized master netting agreements, which facilitate the netting of cash flows into a single net exposure for a given counterparty. As part of these master netting agreements, cash, letters of credit and parent company guarantees may be required to be posted or obtained from counterparties in order to mitigate credit risk related to both derivatives and non-derivative positions. Under Washington Gas' offsetting policy, collateral balances are offset against the related counterparties’ derivative positions to the extent the application would not result in the over-collateralization of those derivative positions on the balance sheet.
The table below presents collateral not offset against derivative assets and liabilities at December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018, and September 30, 2017, respectively.
Collateral Not Offset Against Derivative Assets and Liabilities (In millions)
 
Collateral deposits posted with counterparties
 
Cash collateral held representing an obligation
December 31, 2018
$
7.4

 
$
0.2

September 30, 2018
10.6

 
2.7

September 30, 2017
$
3.7

 
$
0.1

Any collateral posted that is not offset against derivative assets and liabilities is included in “Other prepayments” in the accompanying balance sheets. Collateral received and not offset against derivative assets and liabilities is included in “Customer deposits and advance payments” in the accompanying balance sheets.
Certain derivative instruments of Washington Gas contain contract provisions that require collateral to be posted if the credit rating of Washington Gas falls below certain levels or if counterparty exposure to Washington Gas exceeds a certain level (credit-related contingent features). At December 31, 2018, September 30, 3018, and September 30, 2017, Washington Gas was not required to post collateral related to a derivative liability that contained a credit-related contingent feature.
The following table shows the aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-related contingent features that are in a liability position, as well as the maximum amount of collateral that would be required if the most intrusive credit-risk-related contingent features underlying these agreements were triggered on December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.

107

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Potential Collateral Requirements for Derivative Liabilities
with Credit-Risk-Contingent Features
(In millions)
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Derivative liabilities with credit-risk-contingent features
 
$
1.1

Maximum potential collateral requirements
 
1.0

September 30, 2018
 
 
Derivative liabilities with credit-risk-contingent features
 
$
0.4

Maximum potential collateral requirements
 
$
0.4

September 30, 2017
 
 
Derivative liabilities with credit-risk-contingent features
 
$
2.8

Maximum potential collateral requirements
 
2.8

We do not enter into derivative contracts for speculative purposes.
Concentration of Credit Risk
We are exposed to credit risk from derivative instruments with wholesale counterparties, which is represented by the fair value of these instruments at the reporting date. We actively monitor and work to minimize counterparty concentration risk through various practices. At December 31, 2018, three counterparties each represented over 10% of Washington Gas’ credit exposure to wholesale derivative counterparties for a total credit risk of $41.6 million.
NOTE 14. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
 
Recurring Basis
We measure the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities using a combination of the income and market approaches in accordance with ASC Topic 820. These financial assets and liabilities primarily consist of derivatives recorded on our balance sheet under ASC Topic 815 and short-term investments, commercial paper and long-term debt outstanding required to be disclosed at fair value. Under ASC Topic 820, fair value is defined as the exit price, representing the amount that would be received in the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To value our financial instruments, we use market data or assumptions that market participants would use, including assumptions about credit risk (both our own credit risk and the counterparty’s credit risk) and the risks inherent in the inputs to valuation.
We enter into derivative contracts in the futures and over-the-counter (OTC) wholesale and retail markets. These markets are the principal markets for the respective wholesale and retail contracts. Our relevant market participants are our existing counterparties and others who have participated in energy transactions at our delivery points. These participants have access to the same market data as Washington Gas. Valuations are generally based on pricing service data or indicative broker quotes depending on the market location. We measure the net credit exposure at the counterparty level where the right to set-off exists. The net exposure is determined using the mark-to-market exposure adjusted for collateral, letters of credit and parent guarantees. We use published default rates from Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services and Moody’s Investors Service as inputs for determining credit adjustments.
ASC Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC Topic 820 are described below:
Level 1.  Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy consists of assets or liabilities that are valued using observable inputs based upon unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the reporting date. Washington Gas did not have any Level 1 derivatives at December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017.
Level 2.  Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy consists of assets or liabilities that are valued using directly or indirectly observable inputs either corroborated with market data or based on exchange traded market data. Level 2 includes fair values based on industry-standard valuation techniques that consider various assumptions: (i) quoted forward prices, including the use of mid-market pricing within a bid/ask spread; (ii) discount rates; (iii) implied volatility and (iv) other economic factors.

108

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Substantially all of these assumptions are observable throughout the full term of the instrument, can be derived from observable data or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the relevant market. At December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, Level 2 financial assets and liabilities included energy-related physical and financial derivative transactions such as forward, option and other contracts for deliveries at active market locations, as well as our interest rate swaps.
Level 3.  Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy consists of assets or liabilities that are valued using significant unobservable inputs at the reporting date. These unobservable assumptions reflect our assumptions about estimates that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including natural gas basis prices and annualized volatilities of natural gas prices. A significant change to any one of these inputs in isolation could result in a significant upward or downward fluctuation in the fair value measurement. These inputs may be used with industry standard valuation methodologies that result in our best estimate of fair value for the assets or liabilities at the reporting date.
Our Risk Analysis and Mitigation (RA&M) Group determines the valuation policies and procedures. The RA&M Group reports to Washington Gas' Chief Financial Officer. In accordance with Washington Gas valuation policy, we may utilize a variety of valuation methodologies to determine the fair value of Level 3 derivative contracts, including internally developed valuation inputs and pricing models. The prices used in our valuations are corroborated using multiple pricing sources, and we periodically conduct assessments to determine whether each valuation model is appropriate for its intended purpose. The RA&M Group also evaluates changes in fair value measurements on a daily basis.
At December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, Level 3 derivative assets and liabilities included: (i) physical contracts valued at illiquid market locations with no observable market data; (ii) long-dated positions where observable pricing is not available over the majority of the life of the contract; (iii) contracts valued using historical spot price volatility assumptions and (iv) valuations using indicative broker quotes for inactive market locations.
 The following tables set forth financial instruments recorded at fair value as of December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. A financial instrument’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.

Fair Value Measurements Under the Fair Value Hierarchy
(In millions)
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
At December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural gas related derivatives
$

 
$
9.8


$
28.3

 
$
38.1

Total Assets
$

 
$
9.8

 
$
28.3

 
$
38.1

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural gas related derivatives
$

 
$
(9.5
)
 
$
(134.9
)
 
$
(144.4
)
Total Liabilities
$

 
$
(9.5
)
 
$
(134.9
)
 
$
(144.4
)
At September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural gas related derivatives
$

 
$
3.9

 
$
23.6

 
$
27.5

Total Assets
$

 
$
3.9

 
$
23.6

 
$
27.5

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural gas related derivatives
$

 
$
(5.5
)
 
$
(117.7
)
 
$
(123.2
)
Total Liabilities
$

 
$
(5.5
)
 
$
(117.7
)
 
$
(123.2
)
At September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural gas related derivatives
$

 
$
7.0

 
$
17.0

 
$
24.0

Total Assets
$

 
$
7.0

 
$
17.0

 
$
24.0

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural gas related derivatives
$

 
$
(5.7
)
 
$
(139.6
)
 
$
(145.3
)
Total Liabilities
$

 
$
(5.7
)
 
$
(139.6
)
 
$
(145.3
)

109

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

The following table includes quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of our Level 3 financial instruments and the respective fair values of the net derivative asset and liability positions, by contract type, as of December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017.
 
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
(In millions)
  
Net Fair Value
December 31, 2018
  
Valuation Techniques
  
Unobservable Inputs
  
Range
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural gas related derivatives
  
($106.6)
  
Discounted Cash Flow
  
Natural Gas Basis Price
(per dekatherm)
  
($1.028)-$5.34
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
Net Fair Value
September 30, 2018
  
  
  
  
  
  
Natural gas related derivatives
  
($94.1)
  
Discounted Cash Flow
  
Natural Gas Basis Price
(per dekatherm)
  
($1.003) - $3.886
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
Net Fair Value
September 30, 2017
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural gas related derivatives
  
($122.6)
  
Discounted Cash Flow
  
Natural Gas Basis Price
(per dekatherm)
  
($1.928) - $2.805
The following tables are a summary of the changes in the fair value of our derivative instruments that are measured at net fair value on a recurring basis in accordance with ASC Topic 820 using significant Level 3 inputs during the three months ended December 31, 2018, and the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.

110

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Reconciliation of Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Level 3 Inputs
(In millions)
Total - Natural Gas
Related
Derivatives
Three Months Ended December 31, 2018
 
Balance at October 1, 2018
$
(94.1
)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)
 
Recorded to income
(4.4
)
Recorded to regulatory assets—gas costs
(5.8
)
Transfers into Level 3

Transfers out of Level 3

Settlements
(2.3
)
Balance at December 31, 2018
$
(106.6
)
Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2018
 
Balance at October 1, 2017
$
(122.6
)
Balance at Realized and unrealized gains (losses)

Recorded to income
(4.5
)
Recorded to regulatory assets—gas costs
(10.0
)
Transfers into Level 3
(6.9
)
Transfers out of Level 3
8.9

Settlements
41.0

Balance at September 30, 2018
$
(94.1
)
Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2017
 
Balance at October 1, 2016
$
(251.6
)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)
 
Recorded to income
44.2

Recorded to regulatory assets—gas costs
69.7

Transfers into Level 3
(0.4
)
Transfers out of Level 3
(0.4
)
Settlements
15.9

Balance at September 30, 2017
$
(122.6
)
 Transfers between different levels of the fair value hierarchy may occur based on fluctuations in the valuation inputs and on the level of observable inputs used to value the instruments from period to period. It is our policy to show both transfers into and out of the different levels of the fair value hierarchy at the fair value as of the beginning of the period. Transfers out of Level 3 during the three months ended December 31, 2018, and fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 were due to valuations that experienced an increase in observable market inputs. Transfers into Level 3 during the three months ended December 31, 2018, and fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 were due to an increase in unobservable market inputs, primarily pricing points.

111

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

The table below sets forth the line items on the statements of income to which amounts are recorded for the three months ended December 31, 2018, and the fiscal years ending September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, related to fair value measurements using significant Level 3 inputs.
 
Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recorded to Income for Level 3 Measurements
(In millions)
Total - Natural Gas
Related Derivatives
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
Utility cost of gas
$(4.4)
Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2018
 
Utility cost of gas
$(4.5)
Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2017
 
Utility cost of gas
$44.2
Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2016
 
Utility cost of gas
$4.0
Unrealized gains (losses) attributable to derivative assets and liabilities measured using significant Level 3 inputs were recorded as follows for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, and September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively: 
 
Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recorded for Level 3 Measurements

(In millions)
Total - Natural Gas
Related Derivatives
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
Recorded to income
 
Utility cost of gas
$(4.0)
Recorded to regulatory assets—gas costs
(5.3)
Total
$(9.3)
Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2018
 
Recorded to income
 
Utility cost of gas
$2.3
Recorded to regulatory assets—gas costs
0.2
Total
$2.5
Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2017
 
Recorded to income
 
Utility cost of gas
$31.0
Recorded to regulatory assets—gas costs
51.0
Total
$82.0
Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2016
 
Recorded to income
 
Utility cost of gas
$0.3
Recorded to regulatory assets—gas costs
(2.6)
Total
$(2.3)
The following tables presents the carrying amounts recorded at amortized cost on Washington Gas' balance sheets and estimated fair values of our financial instruments at December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

112

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Washington Gas Light Company Fair Value of Financial Instruments
  
December 31, 2018
 
September 30, 2018
 
September 30, 2017
(In millions)
Carrying Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying Amount
 
Fair Value
Money market funds(a)
$
69.7

 
$
69.7

 
$
67.3

 
$
67.3

 
$
4.8

 
$
4.8

Commercial paper (b)
$
296.0

 
$
296.0

 
$
95.0

 
$
95.0

 
$
123.0

 
$
123.0

Project financing (b)
$
15.5

 
$
15.5

 
$
68.5

 
$
68.5

 
$
43.8

 
$
43.8

Current Maturities of Long-term Debt

$
50.0

 
$
50.0

 
$
50.0

 
$
50.0

 
$

 
$

Long-term debt(c)
$
1,035.0

 
$
1,096.3

 
$
1,084.9

 
$
1,120.2

 
$
1,134.5

 
$
1,271.0

(a) The balance as of December 31, 2018 includes $4.4 million money market funds located in "Cash and cash equivalents", $20.2 million rabbi trust investment located in "Current Assets-Other", and $45.1 million rabbi trust investments located in "Deferred Charges and Other Assets-Other" of the accompanying balance sheets; The balance as of September 30, 2018 includes $2.3 million money market funds located in "Cash and cash equivalents", $20.2 million rabbi trust investment located in "Current Assets-Other" and $44.8 million rabbi trust investments located in "Deferred Charges and Other Assets-Other" ; The balance as of September 2017 is located in "Cash and cash equivalents". The amounts in cash and cash equivalent may be offset by outstanding checks.
(b) Balance is located in "Notes payable and project financing" in the accompanying balance sheets.
(c) Includes adjustments for current maturities and unamortized discounts, as applicable.
Our money market funds are Level 1 valuations and their carrying amount approximates fair value. The maturity of our commercial paper outstanding at both December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 is under 30 days. Due to the short term nature of these notes, the carrying cost of our commercial paper approximates fair value using Level 2 inputs. Due to the nature of our project financing arrangements, the carrying cost approximates fair value using Level 2 inputs. Due to the short term nature of current maturities of long-term debt, the carrying cost approximates fair value using level 2 inputs, Washington Gas’ long-term debt is not actively traded. The fair value of long-term debt was estimated based on valuation techniques when observable market data is not available. Our long-term debt fair value measurement is classified as Level 3.
Non Recurring Basis
Washington Gas does not have financial instruments recorded at fair value on non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017.
NOTE 15. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
 
Related Party Transactions with AltaGas LTD.
As a subsidiary of AltaGas and effective with the close of the Merger on July 6, 2018, Washington Gas is charged a proportionate share of corporate governance and other shared services costs from AltaGas, primarily related to human resources, employee benefits, finance, legal, accounting, tax, information technology services, and office services. AltaGas charges Washington Gas for the total shared service costs and Washington Gas in turn allocates a portion of the costs to WGL’s other subsidiaries at the lower of cost or market. Washington Gas records a payable of the total shared service costs allocated to all WGL's subsidiaries in "Payable to associated companies" and a receivable of the shared service costs allocated to WGL’s other subsidiaries in “Receivables from associated companies” on the balance sheet.
As of December 31, 2018, Washington Gas recorded a receivable from associated companies of $0.6 million on the balance sheet related to the shared service costs allocated to WGL's subsidiaries, and $4.5 million net expenses included in "Operation and maintenance" of the statements of income for the three months ended December 31, 2018, reflecting the shared service cost allocated to Washington Gas. There is no payable balance related to the shared service cost as of December 31, 2018.
As of September 30, 2018, Washington Gas recorded a payable of $5.1 million and receivable of $1.1 million in the balance sheet, and $4.0 million net expenses for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. We did not have related transactions with AltaGas during the fiscal year 2017.
Effective upon the approval by SCC of Virginia on December 17, 2018, Washington Gas will provide accounting, legal, tax and other administrative and general support to various AltaGas entities. The services will begin in January 2019.


113

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Related Party Transactions with Other Affiliates
Washington Gas provides accounting, treasury, legal and other administrative and general support to WGL's subsidiaries, and files consolidated tax returns that include affiliated taxable transactions. Washington Gas bills its WGL's subsidiaries in accordance with regulatory requirements for the actual cost of providing these services, which approximates their market value. To the extent such billings are outstanding, they are reflected in “Receivables from associated companies” on Washington Gas’ balance sheets. Washington Gas assigns or allocates these costs directly to its affiliates and, therefore, does not recognize revenues or expenses associated with providing these services. Washington Gas believes that allocations based on broad measures of business activity are appropriate for allocating expenses resulting from common services. Affiliate entities are allocated a portion of common services based on a formula driven by appropriate indicators of activity, as approved by management.
In connection with billing for unregulated third-party marketers, including WGL Energy Services and with other miscellaneous billing processes, Washington Gas collects cash on behalf of affiliates and transfers the cash in a reasonable time period. Cash collected by Washington Gas on behalf of its affiliates but not yet transferred is recorded in “Payables to associated companies” on Washington Gas’ balance sheets.
Washington Gas previously obtained third-party project financing on behalf of the federal government to provide funds during the construction of certain energy management services projects entered into under Washington Gas' area-wide contract. In December 2016, WGL Energy Systems entered into an agreement to obtain third-party financing and receive funds directly from the third-party lender during the construction period associated with the related energy management service projects. Washington Gas continued to record a receivable in "Unbilled revenues" representing the government’s obligation and recorded an account payable to WGL Energy Systems in "Payable to associated companies" for the construction work performed for the same amount. Refer to Note 5-Short Term Debt of the Notes to Financial Statements for further discussions of the project financing.
As the subsidiary of WGL, Hampshire owns full and partial interests in underground natural gas storage facilities, including pipeline delivery facilities located in and around Hampshire County, West Virginia, and operates those facilities to serve Washington Gas, which purchases all of the storage services of Hampshire. Washington Gas includes the cost of these services in the bills sent to its customers and records the cost of the services in "Operation and maintenance" in its statements of income. Hampshire operates under a “pass-through” cost of service-based tariff approved by the FERC and adjusts its billing rates to Washington Gas on a periodic basis to account for changes in its investment in utility plant and associated expenses. During the three months ended December 31, 2018, Washington Gas recorded $1.7 million of expenses related to the cost of services provided by Hampshire in Washington Gas' Statements of Income. During the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, Washington Gas recorded $6.9 million, $6.8 million, and $6.4 million, respectively, of the expense for the services provided by Hampshire. The outstanding balance not cleared between Washington Gas and Hampshire at the end of the reporting period was recorded in "Receivables from associated companies" of Washington Gas' balance sheet.
The following table presents the receivables and payables from associated companies as of December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017.
Washington Gas Light Company
Receivables / Payables from Associated Companies
(In millions)
December 31, 2018
 
September 30, 2018
September 30, 2017
Receivables from associated companies(a)
$
4.2

 
$
1.1

$
32.4

Payables to associated companies(a)
$
95.2

 
$
16.4

$
94.8

(a)The receivables and payables do not include the transactions related to shared service cost billed from AltaGas.
Washington Gas provides gas balancing services related to storage, injections, withdrawals and deliveries to all energy marketers participating in the sale of natural gas on an unregulated basis through the customer choice programs that operate in its service territory. These balancing services include the sale of natural gas supply commodities related to various peaking arrangements contractually supplied to Washington Gas and then partially allocated and assigned by Washington Gas to the energy marketers, including WGL Energy Services. Washington Gas records revenues for these balancing services pursuant to tariffs approved by the appropriate regulatory bodies. The following table shows the amounts Washington Gas charged WGL Energy Services for balancing services.

114

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

Washington Gas - Gas Balancing Service Charges
 
Three Month Ended
December 31
Fiscal Years Ended September 30,
(In millions)
2018
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Gas balancing service charge
$
4.6

$
18.5

 
$
23.6

 
$
26.8

As a result of these balancing services, an imbalance is created for volumes of natural gas received by Washington Gas that are not equal to the volumes of natural gas delivered to customers of the energy marketers. Washington Gas recorded receivable from WGL Energy Services of $0.7 million, and payable of $1.5 million and $1.4 million at December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively, related to an imbalance in gas volumes. The receivable and payable are recorded in "Account receivable" and "Account payable and other accrued liabilities" on Washington Gas' balance sheet. Refer to Note 1—Accounting Policies of the Notes to Financial Statements for further discussion of these imbalance transactions.
Washington Gas participates in a purchase of receivables (POR) program as approved by the PSC of MD, whereby it purchases receivables from participating energy marketers at approved discount rates. In addition, WGL Energy Services participates in POR programs with certain Maryland, District of Columbia and Pennsylvania utilities, whereby it sells its receivables to various utilities, including Washington Gas, at approved discount rates. The receivables purchased by Washington Gas are included in “Accounts receivable” in the accompanying balance sheet. At December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, Washington Gas had balances of $6.4 million, $2.8 million and $3.2 million, respectively, of purchased receivables from WGL Energy Services. Additionally, Washington Gas expects to implement a program in the District of Columbia to participate in a POR program in January 2019.


NOTE 16. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
 
The following table shows the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for Washington Gas by component for the three months ended December 31, 2018, and the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017.
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component
  
Three Months Ended
December 31,
 
Fiscal Year Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
2018
 
2018
 
2017
Beginning Balance
$
(1,830
)
 
$
(4,522
)
 
$
(7,830
)
   Change in prior service cost (a)
(226
)
 
(675
)
 
(767
)
   Amortization of actuarial gain (loss) (a) 
(6,246
)
 
6,324

 
6,232

Current-period other comprehensive income (loss)
(6,472
)

5,649

 
5,465

Income tax expense (benefit) related to other comprehensive income (loss)
(1,675
)
 
2,957

 
2,157

Ending Balance
$
(6,627
)

$
(1,830
)
 
$
(4,522
)
(a) These accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost. Refer to Note 9—Pension and other post-retirement benefit plans for additional details.

115

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

NOTE 17. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
 
The following table details the changes in operating assets and liabilities from operating activities, cash payments that have been included in the determination of earnings and non-cash investing and financing activities:
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
Fiscal Year Ended September 30,
 
2018
2018
 
2017
 
2016
(In thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHANGES IN OPERATING ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable and unbilled revenues
$
(222,098
)
$
(13,557
)
 
$
(107,195
)
 
$
(67,681
)
Receivables from associated companies
(1,874
)
30,135

 
(18,563
)
 
(10,623
)
Gas costs and other regulatory assets/liabilities—net
40,028

27,994

 
3,430

 
(31,075
)
Storage gas
(2,550
)
(8,626
)
 
(10,280
)
 
12,016

Prepaid taxes
(9,461
)
5,618

 
(6,524
)
 
13,539

Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities
61,029

18,378

 
17,921

 
34,261

Payables to associated companies
20,662

(73,296
)
 
29,074

 
(2,853
)
Customer deposits and advance payments
(29,288
)
19,464

 
(16,742
)
 
(7,514
)
Accrued taxes
1,024

14,619

 
(4,831
)
 
5,980

Other current assets
(28
)
(14,605
)
 
(4,123
)
 
3,912

Other current liabilities
(121
)
154

 
280

 
(1,318
)
Deferred gas costs—net
(51,936
)
(8,306
)
 
2,467

 
(5,104
)
Deferred assets—other
483

(5,895
)
 
(15,088
)
 
(22,057
)
Deferred liabilities—other
(7,072
)
(21,499
)
 
(4,667
)
 
(56,865
)
Pension and other post-retirement benefits
(638
)
(14,521
)
 
(9,806
)
 
(10,251
)
Other—net

893

 
3,409

 
2,107

Changes in operating assets and liabilities
$
(201,840
)
$
(43,050
)
 
$
(141,238
)
 
$
(143,526
)
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income taxes paid (refunded)—net
$
3,782

$
(2,983
)
 
$

 
$
(19,004
)
Interest paid
$
4,982

$
57,036

 
$
50,539

 
$
40,972

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Extinguishment of project debt financing
$
(53,018
)
$
(28,312
)
 
$
(27,927
)
 
$

Capital expenditure accruals included in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities
$
33,245

$
53,367

 
$
37,049

 
$
43,687


The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within Washington Gas’ balance sheets that sums to the total of such amounts shown on the statements of cash flows.
(in thousands)
December 31, 2018
September 30, 2018
September 30, 2017
September 30, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents
$
6,082

$
1

$
1

$
1

Restricted cash included in Current assets-Other
$
20,207

$
20,207

$

$

Restricted cash included in Deferred Charges and Other Assets-Other
$
45,134

$
44,775

$

$

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows
$
71,423

$
64,983

$
1

$
1


Restricted cash included in "Current assets—Other" and "Deferred charges and other assets—Other" on the balance sheets represents amount of investment in rabbi trusts to fund deferred compensation, pension and other post-retirement benefits for certain management personnel and directors. The funds in the rabbi trusts can only be used to pay for plan participant benefits and other plan expenses such as investment fees or trustee fees. The funds are invested in money market funds at end of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018. We did not have any

116

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

restricted cash at end of September 30, 2017 and 2016. Refer to Note 9-Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans for further discussion of rabbi trusts.
NOTE 18. MERGER WITH ALTAGAS LTD.
 
On January 25, 2017, WGL entered into the Merger Agreement to combine with AltaGas. On July 6, 2018, the Merger was consummated with WGL becoming an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of AltaGas. In connection with the Merger, WGL established Wrangler SPE LLC, the SPE for the purposes of owning the common stock of Washington Gas in a special purpose bankruptcy remote entity. The SPE is a wholly owned subsidiary of WGL. Following the consummation of the Merger, all of Washington Gas’ outstanding shares of common stock are now owned by the SPE. The Merger had no effect on the Washington Gas preferred stock, which continues to be outstanding.
Merger Related Costs
The following table summarizes pre-tax merger commitments, legal expense, acceleration of stock-based compensation, and other merger related costs (collectively referred to as merger related costs) that we recorded in connection with the Merger. For the three months ended December 31, 2018, Washington Gas recorded merger related costs of $3.3 million in “Operation and maintenance” on Washington Gas' Statements of Income. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, Washington Gas recorded merger related costs of $13.5 million in "Other income (expense)—net" and $186.7 million in “Operation and maintenance” on Washington Gas' Statements of Income.
MERGER RELATED COSTS
(in millions)
Three months ended December 31, 2018
Fiscal year ended September 30, 2018
Merger commitments (a)
$
0.4

$
139.6

Property plant & equipment impairment (b)

38.0

Key employee retention payments

10.5

Acceleration of stock-based compensation(c)
 

5.4

Severance costs(d)
2.9

6.7

Total
$
3.3

$
200.2

(a) See the Merger Commitments table below for details of merger related commitments.
(b) Net property, plant and equipment impairment recorded in connection with an agreement not to seek recovery of certain costs incurred under the Formal Case 1027 mechanical coupling program.
(c) See Note 10-Stock-Based Compensation for further discussion of the acceleration of incentive compensation.
(d) Severance costs are related to the retirement of senior executives following the merger.
Merger Commitments
Approval of the Merger across all jurisdictions was conditioned upon AltaGas and WGL agreeing to certain financial commitments including: customer bill credits, funding for low-income weatherization and energy efficiency initiatives, public safety programs, energy educational programs, gas expansion fund contributions, workplace development initiatives, charitable contributions, and other required commitments. The commitments have been, and will be, funded by AltaGas within various timeframes from 30 days to 10 years after the merger close. In addition, the commitments related to Maryland are subject to a Most Favored Nation (MFN) provision that may change the amount or nature of the commitments. The following table lists total commitments, the amounts paid, and future expected payments as of December 31, 2018.

117

Washington Gas Light Company
Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

MERGER COMMITMENTS
Commitment
 (Amount in millions)

Total Commitment
Amount
Amount Paid
Expected Future Payments
Three months ended December 31, 2018
FY 2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024-2027
Customer bill credits
$
56.8

$

$
56.8

$

$

$

$

$

$

Gas expansion fund contributions
34.2

30.3


3.9


 
 
 
 
Energy customer or education programs
22.8


22.8







Charitable contributions
13.5

0.8

0.4

2.8

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

3.5

Work place development initiatives
7.8



3.8

3.8

0.1

0.1

0.1


Low-income weatherization and energy efficiency initiatives
4.2



2.1

2.1





Public safety programs
0.7



0.7






Total merger commitments
$
140.0

$
31.1

$
80.0

$
13.3

$
7.4

$
1.6

$
1.6

$
1.6

$
3.5

The following additional commitments by Washington Gas will have an impact on our consolidated financial statements when the transactions are incurred in the future:
1)
Hiring of three damage prevention trainers and community outreach in each jurisdiction for a total of $2.4 million over 5 years;
2)
Investment of up to $70.0 million over a 10-year period to further extend natural gas service to areas within Washington Gas' service territory, which will be incorporated into Washington Gas's ongoing capital plan;
3)
Spending $8.0 million on leak mitigation and reducing leak backlogs within 3 years after the Merger close; and
4) Development of 15MW of either electric grid energy storage or Tier 1 renewable resources within 5 years.
In addition, there are a number of operational commitments that will have an impact on the ongoing business of Washington Gas, including reductions of leak backlogs, conducting a root cause analysis related to customer service, increasing supplier diversity, achieving synergy savings benefits, developing protocols for moving meters from inside to outside customers’ premises, as well as reporting and tracking related to all the commitments.
Other Merger Related Items
Pursuant to the Merger agreement, Washington Gas contributed $66.7 million, which was funded by AltaGas, to rabbi trusts formed to fully satisfy certain outstanding employee benefit obligations immediately prior to the Merger close. See Note 9 —Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans for further discussion of the rabbi trusts.


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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (continued)
Notes to Financial Statements

NOTE 19. TRANSITION PERIOD COMPARATIVE DATA
 
The following table presents certain financial information for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.
  
Three Months Ended December 31,
$ In thousands
2018
 
2017
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
OPERATING REVENUES
$
402,101

 
$
377,470

OPERATING EXPENSES
 
 
 
Utility cost of gas
156,641

 
124,745

Operation and maintenance
102,728

 
82,372

Depreciation and amortization
34,948

 
33,646

General taxes and other assessments
38,552

 
39,983

Total Operating Expenses
332,869

 
280,746

OPERATING INCOME
69,232

 
96,724

Other income (expense) — net
3,494

 
1,029

Interest expense
15,706

 
14,973

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES
57,020

 
82,780

INCOME TAX EXPENSE
7,847

 
24,854

NET INCOME
$
49,173

 
$
57,926

Dividends on preferred stock
330

 
330

NET INCOME APPLICABLE TO COMMON STOCK
$
48,843

 
$
57,596


NOTE 20. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Unaudited)
 
All adjustments necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the quarterly information provided below. Due to the seasonal nature of our business, we report substantial variations in operations on a quarterly basis.
 
Quarter Ended
(In thousands)
 
March 31
 
June 30
 
September 30(a)
 
December 31
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating revenues
 
$
532,040

 
$
199,512

 
$
139,041

 
$
402,101

Operating income (loss)
 
$
148,978

 
$
(6,649
)
 
$
(225,462
)
 
69,232

Net income (loss)
 
$
108,084

 
$
(11,499
)
 
$
(181,153
)
 
$
49,173

Net income (loss) applicable to common stock
 
$
107,754

 
$
(11,829
)
 
$
(181,483
)
 
$
48,843

2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating revenues
 
$
475,021

 
$
203,186

 
$
154,775

 
$
377,470

Operating income (loss)
 
$
164,876

 
$
10,482

 
$
(13,000
)
 
$
96,724

Net income (loss)
 
$
93,610

 
$
(1,671
)
 
$
(15,608
)
 
$
57,926

Net income (loss) applicable to common stock
 
$
93,280

 
$
(2,001
)
 
$
(15,938
)
 
$
57,596

(a)During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, Washington Gas recorded $200.2 million of merger related costs due to the Merger with AltaGas.
 




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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholder and Board of Directors of Washington Gas Light Company
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Washington Gas Light Company ("the Company") as of December 31, 2018 and the related statements of income, comprehensive income, common shareholder’s equity and cash flows for three months ended December 31, 2018, the related notes, and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2018 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the three months ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.


/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as Washington Gas' auditor since 2018.

Tysons, Virginia
March 1, 2019


 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the shareholder and the Board of Directors of Washington Gas Light Company
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets and statements of capitalization of Washington Gas Light Company ("Washington Gas") as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, the related statements of income, comprehensive income, common shareholder’s equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2018, the related notes, and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the 2018, 2017, and 2016 financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Washington Gas as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the accompanying 2018, 2017, and 2016 financial statements have been retrospectively adjusted for the adoption of ASU 2017-07, Compensation - Retirement Benefits.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of Washington Gas’ management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on Washington Gas’ financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to Washington Gas in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Washington Gas is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of Washington Gas’ internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.


/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

McLean, Virginia
November 19, 2018 (March 1, 2019 as to Note 1).
We began serving as Washington Gas' auditor in 2002. In 2018 we became the predecessor auditor.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
 
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Senior management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Washington Gas, evaluated the effectiveness of Washington Gas’ disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2018. Based on this evaluation, the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that Washington Gas’ disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2018.
MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management of Washington Gas is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Washington Gas’ internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of controls, material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Accordingly, even internal controls determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Furthermore, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that such controls may become inadequate due to changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management has assessed the effectiveness of Washington Gas’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 based upon the criteria set forth in the Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on its assessment, management has concluded that Washington Gas maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018.
This transition report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of Washington Gas’ registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit Washington Gas to provide only this management’s report in this transition report on Form 10-K.
CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
There have been no changes in the internal control over financial reporting of Washington Gas during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of Washington Gas.
 

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
 
None.


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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE OF THE REGISTRANT
 
Directors of Washington Gas Light Company
chapmana03.jpg Adrian P. Chapman
Age: 61
Washington Gas Director Since: July 2018
Board Committees: N/A
Adrian P. Chapman is President and Chief Executive Officer of Washington Gas.
Bringing more than 36 years of leadership experience in the energy industry, Mr. Chapman has driven operational success and sustained growth in a variety of management and executive roles at the company throughout his career with one of the nation’s premier energy companies. As President and CEO of Washington Gas, he is responsible for overseeing all functions and activities of the regulated natural gas utility such as operations, customer service, engineering, construction, field operations, safety, rates, gas acquisition, information technology, and human resources.
Mr. Chapman also serves in leadership roles with other AltaGas energy entities, including as Executive Vice President at AltaGas Services (U.S.) Inc., President and CEO of AltaGas Utility Holdings (U.S.) Inc., and, as noted above, President and CEO of WGL Holdings, Inc.
Prior to being appointed to these executive positions in July 2018, Mr. Chapman served as President and Chief Operating Officer of WGL Holdings, Inc. and Washington Gas from October 1, 2009 until the close of the Merger. Before his term as COO, he held a range of executive management roles and led several teams that contributed to the company’s development, including Vice President of Operations, Regulatory Affairs and Energy Acquisition, Manager of Interruptible Customer Sales, Manager of Economic Analysis, and Director of Regulatory Affairs.
Mr. Chapman is the Chair of the Board of Directors of the Southern Gas Association, is a member of the Board of Directors of the American Gas Association and past chair of the AGA Rate and Strategic Issues Committee. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of the Virginia Early Childhood Foundation. He is a past member of the Governor of Maryland’s Workforce Investment Board and past Chairman of the Board of LEAD Virginia and a graduate of the LEAD Virginia Class of 2006, a statewide leadership program. Mr. Chapman is also the Goodwill of Greater Washington Board Chair and past Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Northern Virginia Chamber of Commerce.
Mr. Chapman has been a director of Washington Gas since July 2018. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from the College of William and Mary in Virginia and his Master of Arts degree in Economics from George Mason University.
Particular experience, attributes or skills that qualify director for Board membership:
item10pyimage2a01.jpg
Leadership Experience
With over 36 years of energy industry experience at several levels of executive and senior management, Mr. Chapman is well positioned to lead our management team and provide essential insight and guidance to the Board on the day-to-day operations of the Company. Mr. Chapman’s service on the boards of local non-profit and charitable organizations provides a crucial connection between the Company and the communities we serve.


item10pyimage3a01.jpg
Risk Management/Assessment
Mr. Chapman’s financial background in the energy industry contributes to his skills in risk assessment, mitigation, compliance, and internal controls.
.

item10pyimage5a01.jpg
Strategic Planning
Through Mr. Chapman’s experience in executive management and his considerable involvement in civic, community and charitable activities with a focus in the Northern Virginia area, Mr. Chapman has gained significant strategic planning, operational and corporate governance insights.


item10pyimage6a01.jpg
Industry Experience
Mr. Chapman’s extensive energy experience and comprehensive understanding of many aspects of the natural gas industry provides the Board with invaluable insight.




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randycrawfordblackandwhite.jpgRandall L. Crawford
Age: 56
Director Since: December 2018
Board Committees: Human Resources Committee
Randall L. Crawford serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer of AltaGas Ltd., the indirect parent company of Washington Gas. In his role, Mr. Crawford leads the development and execution of AltaGas’ strategic plan. With a focus on midstream and U.S. utilities, he is overseeing the reshaping of AltaGas and the optimization of its businesses to drive AltaGas through the next phase of growth and value creation.
Mr. Crawford is a seasoned executive with more than 30 years of experience in the natural gas industry. Prior to joining AltaGas, from 2007 to February 2017, Mr. Crawford was Senior Vice President and President, Midstream and Commercial with EQT Corporation, a premier U.S. integrated gas company. In this role, he led the company’s ambitious growth strategy in the Marcellus natural gas play and was also responsible for overseeing all EQT's commercial, regulatory, operations, and project development functions of EQT Marketing, EQT Gathering Inc., Equitrans Interstate Pipeline and Equitable Gas Company. In addition, he held progressively senior roles at EQT’s regulated gas utility, including serving as its President. He was also Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of EQT Midstream Partners from 2013 to 2017. Just prior to joining AltaGas, Mr. Crawford enjoyed a brief retirement. With his long track record of success and ability to drive top-tier performance, coupled with his experience in the base businesses that form the foundation of AltaGas’ growth strategy, Mr. Crawford is well-positioned to lead the next chapter of growth for AltaGas.

Mr. Crawford previously served as a director for the American Gas Association, the Energy Association of Pennsylvania, the West Virginia Oil and Natural Gas Association and the Interstate Natural Gas Association of America. He is a director of the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh Foundation, a member of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Council, and a past West Virginia Wesleyan College Trustee.
Particular experience, attributes or skills that qualify director for Board membership:
item10pyimage2a01.jpg
Leadership Experience
Mr. Crawford brings more than three decades of experience in the energy industry, having served in numerous leadership roles contributing to the growth of the companies he served.
item10pyimage3a01.jpg
Risk Management/Assessment
Mr. Crawford’s leadership experience in the energy industry contributes to his skills in risk assessment, management, mitigation, and compliance.
item10pyimage5a01.jpg
Strategic Planning
Having successfully overseen the growth of energy companies, Mr. Crawford brings a valuable set of experiences to the board. In addition, his considerable involvement in industry associations and civic organizations provide him with significant governance insights and knowledge of industry best-practices.


item10pyimage6a01.jpg
Industry Experience
Mr. Crawford’s deep experience working in the natural gas industry provides the board with valuable insights.


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item10pyimage9a01.jpg James W. Dyke, Jr.
Age: 72
Director Since: September 2003
Board Committees: Governance & Environment, Health and Safety Committee (Chair), Human Resources Committee
James W. Dyke, Jr. retired on March 31, 2013 after 20 years as a partner in the Virginia law firm of McGuireWoods LLP, where he specialized in corporate, education, voting rights, government relations and municipal law. On April 8, 2013, he became a Senior Adviser to McGuireWoods Consulting LLC. In addition to his legal career, Mr. Dyke has extensive professional experience in government and public relations. Among other appointments, he served as Secretary of Education for the Commonwealth of Virginia from 1990 to 1993 and as Domestic Policy Adviser to former Vice President Walter Mondale. Mr. Dyke has assumed leadership positions in several business and community organizations, including serving as former Chairman of the Fairfax County, Virginia Chamber of Commerce, the Northern Virginia Business Roundtable and the Emerging Business Forum. During 2010, Mr. Dyke was also Chair of the Greater Washington Board of Trade and he is a former member of the board of directors of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) and the Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB).
Mr. Dyke has been a director of Washington Gas since September 2003. Mr. Dyke has B.A. and J.D. degrees from Howard University. In addition, he holds honorary degrees from St. Paul’s College, Virginia State University, the University of Richmond, Randolph-Macon College and the Northern Virginia Community College.
Particular experience, attributes or skills that qualify director for Board membership:
item10pyimage2a01.jpg
Leadership Experience
Mr. Dyke has over 35 years of legal experience and significant leadership positions and deep-rooted affiliations with a diverse array of business and philanthropic organizations in the Washington, DC metropolitan area.

item10pyimage3a01.jpg
Risk Management/Assessment
Mr. Dyke’s legal expertise contributes to his skills in the areas of risk management, compliance, internal controls, legislative and administrative issues and general corporate transactions.

item10pyimage4a01.jpg
Government Experience
Mr. Dyke has significant governmental experience nationally and in the Commonwealth of Virginia that enable him to bring invaluable insight to the Board.

item10pyimage5a01.jpg
Strategic Planning
Mr. Dyke lives and works in WGL’s operating territory and has held leadership positions with several local non-profit organizations and, as a result, has significant community ties within the region. In addition, through his extensive involvement in civic, community and charitable activities, Mr. Dyke has gained additional strategic planning and corporate governance insights.


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item10pyimage16.jpg Linda R. Gooden
Age: 65
Director Since: April 2013
Board Committees: Human Resources Committee (Chair), Audit Committee
Other Public Company Boards: Automatic Data Processing, Inc.; General Motors Co.; The Home Depot, Inc.
Linda R. Gooden retired in 2013 as Executive Vice President of Lockheed Martin Corp.’s Information Systems & Global Solutions, a $9 billion business with 30,000 employees that provides integrated information technology solutions, systems and services globally to civil, defense, intelligence and other government customers, after more than 34 years with the company. Ms. Gooden was responsible for establishing and managing the first major contractor cyber center in Maryland. She led the development of cyber solutions for federal defense, intelligence, and commercial customers.
Ms. Gooden has been inducted into the prestigious Career Communications Hall of Fame. She was named one of Fortune’s 50 Most Powerful Women in Business for three consecutive years and one of the 100 Most Powerful Executives in Corporate America by Black Enterprise magazine in 2009. In 2010, Ms. Gooden was appointed by U.S. President Barack Obama to the National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee.
Ms. Gooden serves on the boards of: the American Heart Association; the Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association International; TechAmerica; the University Systems of Maryland Board of Regents; Automatic Data Processing, Inc.; General Motors Co.; and The Home Depot, Inc.
Ms. Gooden has been a director of Washington Gas since April 2013. Ms. Gooden has a B.A. degree in Computer Science from Youngstown State and a B.A. degree in Business Administration from the University of Maryland. She also has an M.B.A. degree from the University of Maryland. Ms. Gooden also holds a Certificate in Cybersecurity Oversight, issued by the CERT Division of the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University in 2018.
Particular experience, attributes or skills that qualify director for Board membership:
item10pyimage2a01.jpg
Leadership Experience
Ms. Gooden’s experience as a senior executive officer of a Fortune 100 company demonstrates her leadership capability and general business acumen.
.

item10pyimage3a01.jpg
Risk Management/Assessment
In addition to her deep understanding of operations and strategy, Ms. Gooden has sophisticated risk management, cyber-security and information technology experience that is extremely valuable to the decision-making processes of the Board.

item10pyimage4a01.jpg
Government Experience
Ms. Gooden has experience as a presidential appointee to the National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee.

item10pyimage5a01.jpg
Strategic Planning
Ms. Gooden provides the Board with extensive experience in operations and strategic planning. Ms. Gooden’s experience also demonstrates her extensive knowledge of governance and complex financial issues faced by public companies.

item10pyimage8a01.jpg
High Level Financial Literacy
Ms. Gooden provides the Board with extensive experience in corporate finance.


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item10pyimage17.jpg Dale S. Rosenthal
Age: 62
Director Since: October 2014
Board Committees: Audit Committee (Chair)
Dale S. Rosenthal was Division President of Clark Financial Services Group until the end of 2017, where she set strategy for Clark’s entry into the alternative energy space, leveraging Clark Construction’s core turnkey construction competence into alternative energy development, finance, and management. She was Clark’s Chief Financial Officer for eight years, leading all of the financial functions of Clark, a multi-billion dollar company. She served on the board of directors of the Strathmore Foundation for the Performing Arts and the Greater Washington Board of Trade. She is a member of the Cornell University Board of Trustees.
Ms. Rosenthal has been a director of Washington Gas since October 2014. She has a J.D. and M.B.A. from Harvard University and a B.A. in Economics from Cornell University.
Particular experience, attributes or skills that qualify director for Board membership:
item10pyimage2a01.jpg
Leadership Experience
Ms. Rosenthal brings many years of senior management and new business development experience in both the private and non-profit sectors to the Board.

item10pyimage3a01.jpg
Risk Management/Assessment
Ms. Rosenthal’s financial and legal background in the construction industry contributes to her skills in risk assessment, mitigation, compliance, and internal controls.

item10pyimage5a01.jpg
Strategic Planning
Ms. Rosenthal’s formal business training, extensive experience in business development and experience as a strategist in the alternative energy sector provide her with significant strategic planning skills.

item10pyimage6a01.jpg
Industry Experience
Ms. Rosenthal brings significant business expertise in the alternative energy sector.

item10pyimage8a01.jpg
High Level Financial Literacy
Ms. Rosenthal has managed financial budgeting and reporting in corporate and non-profit organizations.


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jackstarkbiophoto2a01.jpg John (Jack) F. Stark, Chairman of the Board
Age: 68
Director Since: July 2018
Board Committees: Governance & Environment, Health and Safety Committee, Audit Committee
Other Public Company Boards: TC Pipelines GP, Inc.
Jack F. Stark served as Chief Financial Officer of Imergy Power Systems, an energy storage systems company, from December 2013 to July 2016.1 He was the CFO of BrightSource Energy Inc., a provider of technology for use in large-scale solar thermal power plants, from May 2007 to November 2013. Prior to 2007, he held the following positions: CFO of Silicon Valley Bancshares Financial Group; Vice-President of Business Operations and Technology at Itron Inc.; Senior Vice-President and CFO at Silicon Energy Corporation and Senior Vice-President and CFO of GATX Capital. Mr. Stark also held senior management roles at PG&E Corporation for over 20 years where he was involved with financial activities, energy risk management, contract and regulatory negotiations and gas supply operations.
Mr. Stark also serves on the board of directors of AltaGas Services (U.S.) Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of AltaGas Ltd., and AltaGas Utility Holdings (U.S.) Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of AltaGas Services (U.S.) Inc. Mr. Stark is on the board of directors of TC Pipelines LP, a subsidiary of TransCanada Corporation. From February 2018 to January 2019, he served on the board of directors of Greenlots, Inc., a supplier of technology for electric vehicle charging. From November 2015 to October 2017, he served on the board of directors of TerraForm Power, Inc. and TerraForm Global, Inc.
Mr. Stark has been a director of Washington Gas since July 2018. Mr. Stark earned a Bachelor of Arts in Economics and Masters in Economics from the University of California, Santa Barbara. He also holds an M.B.A. in Finance from the University of California, Berkeley.
Particular experience, attributes or skills that qualify director for Board membership:
item10pyimage2a01.jpg
Leadership Experience
Mr. Stark brings over three decades of experience in the finance and energy industries, having served as chief financial officer and a senior executive at several energy and gas companies.


item10pyimage6a01.jpg
Industry Experience
Mr. Stark brings significant business expertise in the finance and energy sectors.
item10pyimage3a01.jpg
Risk Management/Assessment
Mr. Stark’s financial and business background in the energy industry and his significant leadership experience contribute to his skills in risk assessment, mitigation, compliance, and internal controls, making him an important adviser to the Board and the Company.


item10pyimage5a01.jpg
Strategic Planning
Mr. Stark serves a key leadership role on the Board and provides the Board with extensive experience in operations and strategic planning. With his financial background and experience, Mr. Stark demonstrates his extensive knowledge of governance and complex financial issues faced by public companies.

item10pyimage8a01.jpg
High Level Financial Literacy
Mr. Stark has a significant level of financial literacy, having served as chief financial officer of several companies.

(1) Imergy Power Systems entered into insolvency proceedings in 2016.

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debbiesteinblackandwhite.jpgDeborah S. Stein

Age: 58
Director Since: January 2019
Board Committees: Governance & Environment, Health and Safety Committee
Other Public Company Boards: Trican Well Service Ltd. (TSX), Parkland Fuel Corporation (TSX), NuVista Energy Ltd. (TSX)
In addition to her role on the Board of Washington Gas, Deborah S. Stein has served as a director for several Toronto Stock Exchange listed issuers since 2016. From 2005 until her retirement in 2016, Ms. Stein served as Chief Financial Officer of AltaGas Ltd. She also held the position of Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary of AltaGas Utility Group Inc. from 2005 to 2006. She was also a Trustee of the Calgary Zoological Society and is Past Chair of the Board of Financial Executives International, Canada. Prior to joining AltaGas, Ms. Stein spent five years at TransCanada Corporation. In her early career, she led finance functions as Director of Finance at Wendy’s Restaurants of Canada and Controller of Paramount Canada’s Wonderland.

Ms. Stein has been a director of Washington Gas since January 2019. She holds a designation from the Institute of Corporate Directors, FCA, FCPA, and Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics (Honors).
Particular experience, attributes or skills that qualify director for Board membership:
item10pyimage2a01.jpg
Leadership Experience
Ms. Stein has more than 10 years of experience managing and leading the financial operations of an energy infrastructure company.

item10pyimage3a01.jpg
Risk Management/Assessment
Ms. Stein’s leadership experience managing the financial operations of a publicly traded company contributes to her skills in risk assessment, mitigation, compliance, and internal controls.


item10pyimage5a01.jpg
Strategic Planning
Ms. Stein’s executive and board experience in the energy industry and her broad knowledge of financing allows her to make many positive contributions to the company’s financial management and planning.


item10pyimage6a01.jpg
Industry Experience
Ms. Stein has significant financial experience in the energy industry, enabling her to provide the board with important perspectives.


item10pyimage8a01.jpg
High Level Financial Literacy
Ms. Stein has a high degree of financial literacy and a broad knowledge of corporate finance. Her financial expertise traces back to her university days and she holds advanced designations recognizing her skills and knowledge.



Executive Officers of Washington Gas
Information related to the Executive Officers of Washington Gas is included in Part I of this Form 10-KT.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our executive officers and directors to file reports of securities ownership and changes in such ownership with the SEC. Based on our records and information, we believe that all persons required to file such forms have done so during the Transition Period.

Code of Conduct
The Company has adopted a code of conduct that applies to each of the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer. The Company is also subject to the AltaGas Code of Business Ethics. The code of conduct and the Code of Business Ethics are available on Washington Gas’ website at www.washingtongas.com, under “Corporate Information”/“Governance”. The code of conduct and Code of Business Ethics are also available in print to any person, without charge, upon written request to Corporate Secretary, Washington Gas Light Company, 1000 Maine Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20024.


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Shareholder Recommendations
There have been no material changes to the procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to the Washington Gas Board of Directors. The Governance & Environment, Health and Safety Committee will consider director nominees recommended by shareholders. Notice of such recommendation should be sent in writing to the Chairman of the Governance & Environment, Health and Safety Committee, c/o the Corporate Secretary of Washington Gas, 1000 Maine Ave., SW, Washington DC 20024. The recommendation must identify the writer as a shareholder of Washington Gas and provide sufficient detail for the Governance & Environment, Health and Safety Committee to consider the recommended individual’s qualifications. The Governance & Environment, Health and Safety Committee will evaluate the qualifications of candidates recommended by shareholders using the same criteria as used for other Board candidates. The recommendation must be timely and include all information specified in our bylaws.
Audit Committee
Washington Gas has a separately-designated standing Audit Committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act. The Audit Committee members are: Dale S. Rosenthal (Chair), Linda R. Gooden and Jack F. Stark. Each member of the Audit Committee is independent under the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and the Company's own independence standards, which generally mirror those found in the NYSE Listed Company Manual but do not include the heightened NYSE independence requirements for audit committee or compensation committee service. The Board has determined that each member of the Audit Committee meets the qualifications of an “audit committee financial expert,” as that term is defined by rules of the SEC.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
 
HR Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
The HR Committee of Washington Gas currently is composed of two independent, non-employee directors and one non-independent director. During the Transition Period, no current or former member of the Washington Gas HR Committee was an officer or employee of WGL Holdings or any of its subsidiaries. During the Transition Period, compensation decisions related to WGL Holdings were handled by the WGL Holdings Board of Directors. Vincent L. Ammann, Jr., who is a director of WGL Holdings, currently serves as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of each of WGL Holdings and Washington Gas, while Mr. Chapman, who serves as President and Chief Executive Officer of each of WGL Holdings and Washington Gas, serves as a director of each of WGL Holdings and Washington Gas. Other than compensation received for their executive roles, Messrs. Chapman and Ammann have no transactions reportable pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K.

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HUMAN RESOURCES COMMITTEE REPORT OF WASHINGTON GAS*
The following Compensation Discussion and Analysis section has been prepared by the management of Washington Gas. Washington Gas is responsible for the Compensation Discussion and Analysis and for the disclosure controls relating to executive compensation. The Compensation Discussion and Analysis is not a report or disclosure of the HR Committee.
The HR Committee has reviewed and discussed with management the Compensation Discussion and Analysis section of this Form 10-KT. Based upon this review and its discussions, the HR Committee recommended to the Board that the following Compensation Discussion and Analysis section be included in this Form 10-KT.

HUMAN RESOURCES COMMITTEE
Linda R. Gooden (Chair)
Randall L. Crawford
James W. Dyke, Jr.


* Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in any of Washington Gas’ filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, as amended, that might incorporate other filings with the SEC, including this Form 10-KT, in whole or in part, the Human Resources Committee Report shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any such filings.






















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COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
This Compensation Discussion and Analysis (“CD&A”) provides information about the principles underlying our executive compensation programs and the key executive compensation decisions that were made for the three-month transitional period ended December 31, 2018 (the “Transition Period”) and certain compensation decisions made for the 15-month performance period which includes the Transition Period and the 12-month fiscal year beginning on January 1, 2019 (FY2019), including the most important factors relevant to those decisions. Previously, our fiscal year was a 12-month period ending on September 30 of each year. We refer to the three-month transition period as “Transition Period” and identify the 2018 transition period in the charts and tables in the CD&A as “2018T.”
This CD&A is intended to provide additional context and background for the compensation earned by and awarded to the following officers, whom we refer to as the Named Executive Officers, or NEOs, for the Transition Period, as reported in the Summary Compensation Table that follows this discussion:
Name
Title
Adrian P. Chapman
President and Chief Executive Officer
Vincent L. Ammann, Jr.
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Luanne S. Gutermuth
Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer
Douglas A. Staebler
Senior Vice President - Utility Operations
Marcellous P. Frye, Jr.
Vice President - Economic Development and Strategy
Leslie T. Thornton
Former Senior Vice President and Merger Transition Counsel
Decisions of the HR Committee relating to the compensation of the Named Executive Officers were, and are, made on the basis of the Named Executive Officers’ contributions to, and the performance of, Washington Gas primarily. With respect to the corporate goals for the short-term incentive program, certain goals take into account the performance of WGL Holdings, Inc., Washington Gas’ intermediate parent company. With respect to long-term incentive award grants made during the Transition Period, for Messrs. Chapman and Ammann and Ms. Gutermuth, the performance of Washington Gas’ ultimate parent company, AltaGas, is also a factor. References in this Compensation Discussion and Analysis to “Washington Gas,” “we,” “us,” and “our” are to Washington Gas, unless specifically indicated otherwise.

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Transition Period Named Executive Officer Pay in General
Program Highlights
Our Transition Period executive compensation program was market-based, performance-oriented and reasonable as evidenced by the following:
l
Our pay philosophy is conservative.
 
 
 
 
 
 
o
Our Transition Period program reflects minimal increases from pay opportunities prior to the Merger, which were targeted at the size-adjusted 50th percentile of the utilities marketplace. Use of a utilities market rather than general industry results in lower market benchmarks. The HR Committee’s consultant size-adjusted the market data to be appropriate to our revenue size relative to the total compensation peer group.
 
 
 
 
o
Executive perquisites are few and low-value.
 
 
 
l
Our short-term incentive (“STI”) program is regarded favorably by our regulators.
 
 
 
o
The plan pays a maximum of 150% of target.
 
 
 
 
o
The Transition Period is part of the 15-month performance period that extends from October 1, 2018 through December 31, 2019. The short-term incentive for this 15-month performance period will be paid in two installments. The first installment will be paid in March 2019, and the second and final payment will be made in March 2020. In order to comply with the merger commitment to maintain compensation and benefits, in the aggregate, at a level at least as favorable as before the merger, we have established this payment schedule to avoid employees experiencing more than 12 months between short-term incentive payments. The Transition Period payment made in March 2019 will be a three-month payment at target, or 25% of an annualized payment at target. The payment made in March 2020 will be based on the final results of the 15-month performance period, net of the March 2019 Transition Period payment.
 
 
 
 
o
Our STI design, which uses several performance measures (15 for FY 2019), has achieved favorable regulatory treatment due to its focus on the delivery of safe, reliable and reasonably priced natural gas service to customers. We believe that favorable regulatory treatment reflects the fact that our plan adds value for all of our stakeholders, including shareholders.
 
 
 
l
Our long-term incentive (“LTI”) plan is entirely performance-based.
 
 
 
 
o
Transition Period grants of long-term incentives are in the form of performance units and restricted units:
1) Performance units are earned based on a) WGL Holdings’ 3-year consolidated return on equity compared to the weighted average return on equity authorized by our three regulatory commissions and b) WGL Holdings’ 3-year compounded adjusted funds from operations (AFFO) growth. (For Messrs. Chapman and Ammann and Ms. Gutermuth, these performance units will be based on the AFFO growth of AltaGas.) The payouts are then modified by AltaGas’ relative total shareholder return (“TSR”) performance.
 2) Restricted units are earned over time provided that AltaGas pays a dividend to shareholders during the applicable performance period.
 
 
 
 
o
We have not granted solely time-based restricted stock since 1996 or stock options since 2006.
Response to Shareholder Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation
Prior to the Merger, each year at Washington Gas’ annual meeting, shareholders have had the opportunity to cast an advisory vote to approve our executive compensation program (a “say-on-pay” vote). Historically the Joint HR Committee of WGL Holdings and Washington Gas has considered the outcome of the shareholder advisory vote when making decisions relating to the compensation of our Named Executive Officers and our executive compensation program design, structure and policies. In August 2018, Washington Gas held a shareholder meeting where 99% of its outstanding voting equity securities were voted in favor of the compensation of our NEOs, suggesting strong shareholder support for the philosophy, design and structure of our executive compensation program. The HR Committee will continue to consider the results of any shareholder advisory votes on executive compensation when making decisions about our executive compensation program.




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What We Pay and Why: Elements of Compensation
For the Transition Period, we had three main elements of direct compensation: base salary, annual incentive and long-term incentive compensation. The majority of target direct compensation opportunity for our Named Executive Officers was performance-based and not guaranteed. We also provided various retirement and benefit programs and modest business-related perquisites.

Pay Element
Detail
Goals
Base Salary
Fixed base of cash compensation
Attract and retain talent
Annual Incentives
Performance based and not guaranteed1
Drive achievement of business results on an annual basis

Recognize individuals based on their contributions
Long-Term Incentives
Cash performance units and performance-vested restricted units

Entirely performance-based and not guaranteed
Tie executive incentives to WGL Holdings’ ROE results compared to the utility’s weighted average authorized ROE, AFFO growth and AltaGas relative TSR performance

Retain key talent
Welfare Benefits
Includes medical, dental, disability, life insurance and executive severance plans

Named Executive Officers generally participate in the same benefit plans as the broader employee population
Provide a safety net to protect against financial catastrophes that can result from illness, disability or death
Perquisites
We believe the benefit Washington Gas receives from providing perquisites significantly outweighs the cost of providing them
Additional detail and the business rationale for each perquisite are described on later in this CD&A
Retirement Programs
Includes pension plans, retirement savings plans and deferred compensation plans

For additional details, see “Retirement Benefits” later in this CD&A
Provide for basic retirement needs and serve as an additional means to attract and retain employees
1 Annual incentive paid at target for Transition Period.
Objectives of Executive Compensation Program
Our Transition Period executive compensation program was intended to achieve the following fundamental objectives:
attract and retain qualified executives
focus executives’ attention on specific strategic and operating objectives of Washington Gas;
align executives’ interests with the long-term interests of Washington Gas’ owners; and
align management’s interests with the customers of Washington Gas by rewarding the provision of safe and reliable gas delivery to customers at a reasonable cost.
To accomplish these objectives, the HR Committee provided the Named Executive Officers competitive total compensation opportunities in terms of amount and design.
Elements of Executive Compensation Program
Each element of the executive compensation program is structured to help achieve one or more of the compensation objectives described above. Decisions with respect to one element of pay generally do not impact other elements of pay.
There is no pre-established policy or target for the allocation between short-term and long-term compensation. Rather, the HR Committee used market data and its business judgment to determine the appropriate level and mix of incentive compensation.


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Analysis
Key Analytic Tools
The HR Committee used specific analytic tools and business judgment to form recommendations and decisions regarding Transition Period executive compensation matters. To facilitate the HR Committee’s decision-making process for the Transition Period, the HR Committee’s independent executive compensation adviser, Meridian Compensation Partners, LLC (“Meridian” or the “adviser”), prepared an executive compensation market study, compensation tally sheets for each executive, an incentives risk evaluation and information on executive compensation trends. These materials were delivered to the HR Committee members in advance of HR Committee meetings and were the subject of discussion between HR Committee members and the adviser.
Human Resources Committee Decisions
The HR Committee sets compensation for the Chief Executive Officer and makes compensation recommendations to the full Board for the other Named Executive Officers and certain other senior executives. The following describes the basis on which the HR Committee made decisions and recommendations for the Transition Period.
Market Data and Total Compensation Peer Groups
In support of compensation decisions, the adviser collected and analyzed comprehensive market data on base salary, short- and long-term incentives and the sum of those components.
To develop market information for our executive officers, including the Named Executive Officers, the adviser determined 50th percentile compensation opportunities for comparable positions at comparable utilities of comparable revenue size, using statistical techniques to adjust the market data to be appropriate for our particular revenue size. The adviser used regression analysis based on revenues to size-adjust the data. The elements of pay were benchmarked both individually and in total to the same peer companies.
The total compensation peer group used in the market study that supported our Transition Period pay decisions is shown below. The list is subject to change each year depending on the availability of the companies’ data through Aon’s Total Compensation Measurement database (used by the adviser for the Transition Period), and the continued appropriateness of the companies. All companies were chosen because they are utility companies in a size range reasonably near Washington Gas.
2018T TOTAL COMPENSATION PEER GROUP
ALLETE, Inc.
 
NiSource Inc.
 
SCANA Corporation
Alliant Energy Corporation
 
MGE Energy, Inc.
 
Southwest Gas Holdings, Inc.
Ameren Corporation
 
New Jersey Resources Corporation
 
Spire Inc.
Black Hills Corporation
 
OGE Energy Corporation
 
WEC Energy Group, Inc.
Cleco Corporate Holdings
 
Pinnacle West Capital Corporation
 
Vectren Corporation
CMS Energy Corporation
 
PNM Resources, Inc.
 
 
Market Percentile for Target Pay and Pay Changes for the Transition Period
Target pay opportunities of the Named Executive Officers and our other executive officers in prior years were set at a level approximately equal to the size-adjusted 50th percentile of the utility market for officers of similar experience and responsibility. Program design created the opportunity for each officer to achieve, exceed or fall short of total target compensation through incentive pay, providing an incentive to achieve higher levels of performance. We believe this practice also aligns the interests of the officers of Washington Gas and Washington Gas with the interests of investors, customers and the communities in which our business operates.
In the process of the Merger, Mr. Chapman, our President and CEO, and Mr. Ammann, our Executive Vice President and CFO, were offered retention agreements that incorporated increases in pay opportunities for Messrs. Chapman and Ammann. No changes were made to the base salaries of Messrs. Chapman or Ammann during the Transition Period. For other executives, Mr. Chapman made specific recommendations for Transition Period salary and target incentives, considering current pay levels, the data provided by the HR Committee’s adviser on industry compensation levels, the scope of each Named Executive Officer’s role, and the Named Executive Officer’s sustained individual performance, results and time in position. These recommendations were presented to the HR Committee for discussion and recommendation to the Board at the September 17, 2018 HR Committee meeting and were effective October 1, 2018.

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Transition Period target pay opportunities for all executive officers were established based on considerations of market data, existing pay levels and internal pay equity; that is, the relationship between target award opportunities of the Named Executive Officers and those of other officers at the same level in Washington Gas.
The HR Committee met with its adviser in executive session at that meeting to consider Mr. Chapman’s base salary and target incentives for the Transition Period, which it has sole authority to approve. As a result of the recent compensation adjustment at the time of the Merger and his promotion to President and CEO, the HR Committee determined that no adjustment was necessary for Mr. Chapman’s target pay opportunity for the Transition Period.
The base salary that was paid to each Named Executive Officer for the Transition Period is the amount reported for such officer in column (c) of the Summary Compensation Table that appears later in this Form 10-KT. STI target opportunities and the target payout for performance units and performance-vested restricted units under the LTI program are reflected in column (d) of the Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table that appears later in this Form 10-KT.
Short-Term Incentive Compensation
Purpose of Short-Term Incentives
The STI program is designed to reward the level of performance of officers of Washington Gas. We choose to pay it to encourage higher annual corporate and individual performance.
Short-Term Incentive Awards
Transition Period STI target percentages of base salary were as set forth in the table below and are multiplied by each Named Executive Officer’s base salary at October 1, 2018.
Named Executive Officer
 
Target Short-Term Incentive
Compensation as
Percent of Base Salary

Chapman
 
85
%
Ammann
 
70
%
Gutermuth
 
60
%
Staebler
 
55
%
Frye
 
50
%
Thornton
 
55
%
As mentioned above, the three-month 2018 transition period is part of the 15-month performance period that runs from October 1, 2018 through December 31, 2019. Messrs. Chapman, Ammann, Staebler and Frye and Ms. Gutermuth will be eligible to receive a Transition Period pro rata bonus payment at target for the Transition Period. Most of the corporate goals for the year ending December 31, 2019 are 15-month goals and include the Transition Period as discussed later in this CD&A.
The amounts of STI awards relating to the Transition Period will be paid in March 2019 and are set forth under column (d) of the Summary Compensation Table in this Form 10-KT, entitled Bonus.
Clawback Policy - Forfeiture and Recoupment of Short-Term Incentives
We have a Forfeiture and Recoupment Policy to recoup short-term incentive awards paid to certain officers of Washington Gas and its affiliates, including the Named Executive Officers, under certain circumstances. Pursuant to this policy, the Board, upon the recommendation of the HR Committee, if applicable, may direct that all or a portion of any STI payout made to these officers be recovered if such payout was based on materially inaccurate financial statements or any other materially inaccurate performance metric criteria.
The Board of Washington Gas or the HR Committee, as applicable, will determine whether such recovery will be effectuated by: (i) seeking repayment from the officer, (ii) reducing the amount that would otherwise be payable to the officer under any compensatory plan, program or arrangement maintained by Washington Gas, (iii) withholding payment of future increases in compensation (including the payment of any discretionary bonus amount) or grants of compensatory awards that would otherwise have been made in accordance with Washington Gas’ otherwise applicable compensation practices, or (iv) any combination of the foregoing. In each instance in which the potential for recovery of STI exists, Washington Gas will not seek recovery after a period of 24 months following the first public issuance or filing with the SEC (whichever occurs first) of a financial report containing the materially inaccurate statement or reporting the achievement of the performance metric that is later deemed to have been materially inaccurate.

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Long-Term Incentive Compensation
Purpose of Long-Term Incentive Awards
The long-term incentive program was redesigned for the Transition Period because Washington Gas does not have independently traded public common stock. Whereas the prior program granted a combination of performance units and performance shares, the Transition Period program is solely based on units as further described below.
80% of the Named Executive Officer awards are performance units to be earned based on performance against ROE Ratio and Adjusted Funds from Operations (AFFO) goals on an equally weighted basis. Participants will have the ability to earn 0% - 200% of the target number of units based on achievement of the ROE Ratio and AFFO goals. The number of units earned will then have the ability to be modified +/- 20% based on the relative TSR performance of AltaGas stock against comparator groups. The maximum payout opportunity cannot exceed 200% of target even when including the modifier. Performance units will vest on the third anniversary of the grant date.
20% of the Named Executive Officer awards are in the form of restricted units. One-third of the restricted units granted will vest on each of October 1, 2019, October 1, 2020, and October 1, 2021 assuming AltaGas pays a dividend over the 12- month period prior to each vesting date. If AltaGas does not pay a dividend during each year of the performance period, the restricted units which would have otherwise vested will be forfeited.
This mix preserves the performance-based nature of the program and its economic value, while recognizing that Washington Gas does not have any independently traded public stock. We choose to provide long-term incentive opportunities to achieve the following goals:
Align executives’ interests with shareholder interests.
Maintain consistency with market practice.
Encourage retention through vesting provisions.
Award Size Determinations
Transition Period LTI target percentages of base salary were as set forth in the table below and are multiplied by each Named Executive Officer’s base salary at October 1, 2018. Transition Period target award values were not prorated for the Transition Period.
Named Executive Officer
 
Long Term Incentive Compensation as Percent of Base Salary
Chapman
 
180
%
Ammann
 
130
%
Gutermuth
 
110
%
Staebler
 
100
%
Frye
 
90
%
Thornton
 
--1

1 Given her pending retirement, Ms. Thornton did not receive an LTI award for the Transition Period.
To arrive at the actual award size for performance units and restricted units, we divided the executive officer’s target value applicable to performance units and restricted units by the value of one performance unit or restricted unit, as appropriate, on the date of grant. The value of a performance unit and restricted unit was $1.
Performance Unit Awards
Eighty percent of the value of the LTI grant for the Transition Period was granted as performance units. The performance units will be paid out at the end of the performance period (October 1, 2018 - September 30, 2021) if certain long-term performance criteria are achieved and the Named Executive Officer remains an employee. In the event of the Named Executive Officer’s retirement during the performance period, awards will be prorated based on the number of months worked in the performance period. If the Named Executive Officer leaves Washington Gas before the performance period ends for any other

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reason, he or she will forfeit any payouts for the performance period. Upon death or disability, however, the HR Committee has discretion to prorate awards based on the number of months worked in the performance period. For information on the impacts of a change in control to performance units, please see the section entitled “Severance/Change in Control Provisions” below.
The value of the performance unit grants will be driven by two factors for each award type. Half of the cash performance units can be earned based on WGL Holdings’ ROE ratio and the relative TSR performance of AltaGas. The other half of the cash performance units can be earned based on WGL Holdings’ AFFO growth and the relative TSR performance of AltaGas. In the case of Messrs. Chapman, Ammann and Ms. Gutermuth only, the cash performance units earned based on AFFO growth are tied to the AFFO growth of AltaGas specifically. The number of performance units earned is first multiplied by either the ROE adjustment factor or AFFO growth factor and then by the AltaGas Performance Factor, as defined further below.
ROE Ratio Factor:
ROE ratio is calculated as follows:
ROE Ratio  =
Average consolidated non-GAAP ROE
 
Weighted average utility authorized ROE
Average consolidated non-GAAP ROE is the average of actual consolidated non-GAAP ROE for the three fiscal years in the performance period. Consolidated non-GAAP ROE for each fiscal year is calculated as non-GAAP operating earnings divided by average non-GAAP equity. Average non-GAAP equity for any fiscal year is equal to the average of common equity at the end of that year and at the end of the prior year, in each case, as adjusted for after-tax non-GAAP adjustments. The weighted average utility authorized ROE is the weighted average ROE allowed by Washington Gas’ three regulatory commissions in the District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia.
ROE Ratio Performance
ROE Ratio Factor
Maximum
200%
Target
100%
Threshold
50%
Less than Threshold
0%
Payout for performance that does not fall directly on one of the points listed in the left column will be interpolated between the points listed in the columns on a straight-line basis.
In the event of an internal reorganization of WGL Holdings, Washington Gas or AltaGas, or other corporate event that would cause a material change to the constituent components of the WGL Holdings, Washington Gas or AltaGas or a disposal of a significant portion of assets, measurement of actual results for ROE and the ROE Ratio target for the performance period shall be adjusted accordingly such that the measurement of both actual results and the target are consistently calculated over the performance period. The adjustments will be approved by the Washington Gas Light Company Board of Directors.
AFFO Growth Factor:
AFFO (Adjusted Funds From Operations) Growth Factor will be based on WGL Holdings’ AFFO compound annual growth rate over the performance period as compared to preset targets. These targets will be set during the first half of the 2019 calendar year.
The determination of AFFO Compound Annual Growth is described below.

AFFO Compound =     [AFFO from Ending Period ^ (1/3)] Minus 1.0
Annual Growth         AFFO from Beginning Period

“AFFO from Ending Period” is AFFO for the period from October 1, 2020 through September 30, 2021.

“AFFO from Beginning Period” is AFFO for the period from October 1, 2017 through September 30, 2018.
In the case of Messrs. Chapman, Ammann and Ms. Gutermuth only, the AFFO growth metric is based on the AFFO growth of AltaGas specifically and is based on AFFO growth per share.

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AFFO Compound Growth* Performance of WGL
AFFO Growth Factor
Maximum
200%
Target
100%
Threshold
50%
Less than Threshold
0%
*AFFO Compound Growth Per Share of AltaGas for Messrs. Chapman and Ammann and for Ms. Gutermuth.
Payout for performance that does not fall directly on one of the points listed in the left column will be interpolated between the points listed in the columns on a straight-line basis.
In the event of an internal reorganization of WGL Holdings, Washington Gas or AltaGas, or other corporate event that would cause a material change to the constituent components of the WGL Holdings, Washington Gas or AltaGas Ltd. or a disposal of a significant portion of assets, measurement of actual results for AFFO and the AFFO Compound Growth Performance target for the performance period shall be adjusted accordingly such that the measurement of both actual results and the target are consistently calculated over the performance period. The adjustments will be approved by the Washington Gas Light Company Board of Directors.
AltaGas Performance Factor:
The AltaGas Performance Factor is based on AltaGas’ TSR compared to the following two groups in equal weighting: (i) the S&P/TSX Composite Index (excluding organizations with market capitalization less than $2 billion), and (ii) the AltaGas Peer Group set out in the most recent AltaGas information circular prior to the end of the performance period.
TSR Calculation:
Total Shareholder Return  =
Change in Stock Price + Dividends Paid
 
Beginning Stock Price
Beginning stock price is calculated as the average of the closing prices as reported on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) for the 20 trading days ending immediately prior to the first calendar day of the performance period. Ending stock price is calculated as the average closing price for the last 20 trading days of the performance period.
The AltaGas Performance Factor will be determined based on AltaGas’ percent rank against each of the comparator groups.
Percent Rank
AltaGas Performance Factor
75th Percentile or Above
120%
50th Percentile
100%
Below 25th Percentile
80%
Payout for performance that does not fall directly on one of the points listed in the left column will be interpolated between the points listed in the columns on a straight-line basis.
Restricted Unit Awards
Twenty percent of the value of the LTI grant for the Transition Period was granted as restricted units. One-third of the units granted will vest on each of the first three anniversary dates of the grant assuming AltaGas pays a dividend over the 12-month period prior to each vesting date. If AltaGas does not pay a dividend during each year of the performance period, the restricted units that would have otherwise vested will be forfeited. In the event of the Named Executive Officer’s retirement during the performance period, awards will be prorated based on the number of months worked in the performance period. If the Named Executive Officer leaves Washington Gas before the performance period ends for any other reason, he or she will forfeit any payouts for the performance period. Upon death or disability, however, the HR Committee has discretion to prorate awards based on the number of months worked in the performance period. For information on the impacts of a change in control to performance-based restricted units, please see the section entitled “Severance/Change in Control Protections” below.


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Retirement Benefits
Retirement benefits are designed to reward continued service. We choose to offer them to provide post-employment security to our employees and because they are an essential part of a total compensation package that is competitive with those offered by other companies, particularly other gas and electric utilities.
We provide retirement benefits to the Named Executive Officers under the terms of qualified and non-qualified defined-benefit and defined-contribution retirement plans. Retirement benefit programs available to the Named Executive Officers are:
tax-qualified employee benefit plans that are available to our employees, including the Washington Gas Light Company Savings Plan (which we refer to, together with the Washington Gas Light Company Capital Appreciation Plan/ Union Employees’ Savings Plan, as the “401(k) Plans”), and the Washington Gas Light Company Employees’ Pension Plan (the “Pension Plan”);
the defined benefit Washington Gas Light Company Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“DB SERP”);
the Washington Gas Light Company Defined Contribution Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“DC SERP”);
the Washington Gas Light Company Defined Contribution Restoration Plan (the “Defined Contribution Restoration Plan” or “DC Restoration Plan”); and
the Washington Gas Light Company Defined Benefit Restoration Plan (the “Defined Benefit Restoration Plan” or “DB Restoration Plan”).
The 401(k) Plans are tax-qualified retirement plans in which the Named Executive Officers participate on the same terms as our other participating employees. Officers who do not participate in the Pension Plan receive an enhanced benefit under our 401(k) Plans.
The Pension Plan is a tax-qualified, non-contributory pension plan covering active employees (including certain executive officers) and vested former employees of Washington Gas and certain affiliates hired before July 1, 2009. Effective July 1, 2009, the Pension Plan was closed to new management employee entrants. Each of the Named Executive Officers, except for Ms. Thornton, participates in the Pension Plan.
The DB SERP is a defined benefit plan that allows accrual of a higher benefit than the qualified plan. This plan was intended to allow us to: (i) attract mid-career executive hires by replacing foregone pension benefits at former employers, and (ii) be competitive with pensions provided to executives at peer companies, aiding in the retention of our executive officers. The DB SERP was closed to new participants on December 31, 2009.
On December 18, 2009, the DC SERP was adopted. Employees hired or promoted after December 31, 2009 are eligible to participate in the DC SERP. Employees who were executives on December 31, 2009 had the option either to remain in the DB SERP or to join the DC SERP. Closing the DB SERP to new participants and creating the DC SERP enabled Washington Gas to: (i) reduce its risk, (ii) provide greater predictability of its long-term financial obligations, and (iii) align executive compensation with prevailing market practices. On December 19, 2009, the Board also adopted the Defined Benefit Restoration Plan and the Defined Contribution Restoration Plan. The Defined Benefit Restoration Plan provides supplemental pension benefits to employees selected by the Board of Directors who are not participants in the DB SERP. The Defined Contribution Restoration Plan provides supplemental retirement benefits to employees who are not participants in the DB SERP and whose base salary exceeds the limit set forth in Section 401(a)(17) of the Internal Revenue Code. The benefits provided under the DC SERP were designed to be at the market median and competitive with those offered by other gas and electric utilities.
Messrs. Chapman, Ammann, Staebler and Frye participate in the DB SERP. Ms. Gutermuth and Ms. Thornton (prior to her retirement) participate in the DC SERP and DC Restoration, and Ms. Gutermuth also participates in the DB Restoration.
The DB SERP, DC SERP, DB Restoration and DC Restoration each include “clawback” provisions that require a participant to forfeit benefit payments under certain circumstances. Under this clawback provision, if a plan participant willfully performs any act or willfully fails to perform any act, and such act or such failure to act may result in material discredit or substantial detriment to Washington Gas, then upon a majority vote of the Board, the participant (and his or her surviving spouse or other beneficiary) will forfeit any benefit payments owing on and after a date fixed by the Board. After this fixed date, Washington Gas will have no further obligation under the plan to the participant, his or her spouse or any beneficiary. Also, under the clawback provision, if a participant has received a lump-sum benefit, the participant or the beneficiary would be required to return a proportionate share of that lump sum payment to Washington Gas.

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See “Pension and Other Retirement Benefits” later in this Form 10-KT for a discussion of other aspects of the Pension Plan, the DB SERP, the DC SERP, the Defined Benefit Restoration Plan and the Defined Contribution Restoration Plan.
Severance/Change in Control Protections
Pursuant to the WGL Holdings, Inc. and Washington Gas Light Company Change in Control Severance Plan for Certain Executives (the “CIC Plan”), certain executive officers are entitled to limited severance benefits in the event of a change in control of WGL Holdings or Washington Gas, including the Merger. These benefits include a cash severance benefit equal to a pro-rata STI payment and two or three years’ worth of target-level compensation upon the occurrence of both a change in control and either: (i) an involuntary termination of employment or (ii) a voluntary termination with good reason (commonly referred to as a “double-trigger”). Certain executives who were previously participating in the CIC Plan have waived all or part of their CIC benefits as part of a retention agreement.
Change-in-control severance provisions were designed to reward executives for remaining employed with us during a time when their prospects for continued employment following a corporate transaction may be uncertain. We chose to provide such protections so that executives would remain with Washington Gas and focused on shareholders’ and customers’ interests during the change in control. This strategy served to retain a stable executive team during the transition process.
Because historically the Named Executive Officers did not have employment agreements that provided for fixed positions or duties, fixed base salaries or actual or target annual bonuses, a “good reason” termination severance trigger was appropriate to prevent potential acquirers from having an incentive to cause voluntary termination of a Named Executive Officer’s employment to avoid paying any severance benefits at all. The “good reason” termination severance trigger under the CIC Plan included material demotions and material reductions in salary and annual bonus opportunities.
In addition to the CIC Plan, all LTI grants outstanding at the Merger, including grants made in early FY2018, reflected double-trigger vesting upon a change in control. LTI grants awarded during the Transition Period contain a similar change in control provision, but it could only be triggered by a change in control of Washington Gas or WGL Holdings subsequent to the Merger.
For executive officers that were first covered by the CIC Plan prior to January 1, 2011 (including all of the Named Executive Officers except for Ms. Thornton), the CIC Plan provided that, if a change in control payment exceeds the limit for deductible payments under Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code by 10% or more, reimbursement will be made for the full amount of any excise taxes (but not income taxes) imposed, and for all taxes due on the amount of that reimbursement. This provision was intended to preserve the level of change in control severance protections determined to be appropriate. Pursuant to an amendment to the CIC Plan on November 12, 2015, the excise tax reimbursement provisions would have expired on September 30, 2018 unless a change in control transaction had occurred or was then pending. Given that the Merger took place on July 6, 2018, the new provision was moot for that transaction.
The CIC Plan remains in effect for two years with respect to the Merger.
See “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control - Change in Control Severance Plan for Certain Executives” later in this Form 10-KT for a discussion of the other aspects of the CIC Plan.
Perquisites
Our limited perquisites are not designed to reward any particular performance or behavior. We choose to provide them to Named Executive Officers only when the perquisite provides competitive value and promotes retention of executives.
We have a program of income tax, estate and financial planning services for our executive officers. We pay the actual cost of these services provided to the executive officer up to a pre-determined ceiling. We also pay the cost of certain other perquisites for executive officers, including parking at our offices, a vehicle allowance, and an annual physical examination. Benefits available to the Named Executive Officers are noted in the footnotes to the Summary Compensation Table. The values of perquisites provided to each Named Executive Officer in the Transition Period are included as a component of the figure that is reported in Column (i) of the Summary Compensation Table in this Form 10-KT.
Employment/Retention Agreements
We entered into various employment, retention or termination agreements with certain executives at or shortly after the Merger.

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Chapman Agreement
On July 6, 2018, WGL appointed Mr. Chapman Chief Executive Officer of each of WGL and Washington Gas. In connection with his appointments, Mr. Chapman entered into a letter agreement with Washington Gas which provides for an annual salary of $630,000, a target STI opportunity of 85% of salary and an expected LTI award grant value of 180% of his then-current salary. In connection with the agreement, Mr. Chapman received a retention bonus of $3,059,500 in exchange for relinquishing certain severance rights he had under the CIC Severance Plan.

Ammann Agreement
On July 6, 2018, WGL appointed Mr. Ammann Executive Vice President of WGL and Washington Gas, respectively. Mr. Ammann also retained his title as Chief Financial Officer of each of WGL and Washington Gas. In connection with his appointments, Mr. Ammann entered into a letter agreement with Washington Gas, as amended November 16, 2018, which provides for an annual salary of $525,000, a target STI opportunity of 70% of salary and an expected LTI award grant value of 130% of his then-current salary. In connection with the agreement, Mr. Ammann received a retention bonus of $2,348,200 in exchange for relinquishing certain severance rights he had under the CIC Severance Plan.

Gutermuth Agreement
On July 6, 2018, WGL appointed Ms. Gutermuth Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer of WGL and Washington Gas. On July 11, 2018, Ms. Gutermuth entered into a letter agreement with Washington Gas which provided for an annual salary of $479,000, a target STI opportunity of 60% of salary and an expected LTI award grant value of 110% of her then-current salary. In connection with the agreement, Ms. Gutermuth received a retention bonus of $1,557,800, payable in two annual installments, in exchange for relinquishing certain severance rights she had under the CIC Severance Plan.

Thornton Agreement
On December 5, 2018, Ms. Thornton, who served as Senior Vice President and Merger Transition Counsel until November 30, 2018, entered into a Separation Agreement and General Release, which provides that Ms. Thornton’s resignation constitutes a “Good Reason Resignation” under the CIC Severance Plan. In connection with her Good Reason Resignation, Ms. Thornton received, under the CIC Severance Plan, the following: (i) a cash severance payment of $1,892,550 (which was downwardly adjusted to remain under the limit for deductible payments under Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code in accordance with her agreement and the Company’s CIC Severance Plan), which amount equals the sum of (A) three (3) times the sum of her base salary and target short-term incentive; (ii) continued medical and dental coverage under the Company’s plan(s) for the 18-month period following her resignation date (at the Company’s cost) and a medical and dental benefit continuation payment to cover the cost of such coverage for the next 18-month period, together with additional cash payments to compensate Ms. Thornton for any income taxes payable in connection with such medical and dental benefits; and (iii) reimbursement for up to $25,000 in outplacement services. Additionally, pursuant to the terms set forth in the Company Disclosure Schedules to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 25, 2017 between WGL Holdings, Inc. and AltaGas Ltd. (the “Merger Agreement”), the vesting of Ms. Thornton’s Post-Signing Company Equity Awards (as defined in the Merger Agreement) was accelerated upon her resignation.

Staebler Agreement
On August 1, 2018, Mr. Staebler entered into a letter agreement with Washington Gas providing him the opportunity to earn a special cash retention bonus payable in two equal annual installments totaling $732,000.00, subject to certain conditions and contingencies.

Frye Agreement
On August 1, 2018, Mr. Frye entered into a letter agreement with Washington Gas providing him the opportunity to earn a special cash retention bonus payable in two equal annual installments totaling $676,800 subject to certain conditions and contingencies.


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FY2019 Compensation
No target compensation adjustments were made for the Named Executive Officers for FY2019 as compared to the Transition Period.
FY2019 Short-Term Incentive Compensation
The FY2019 short-term incentive design will be essentially the same as for FY2018 as described in our Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 20, 2018. Payouts will depend on the achievement of corporate and individual performance goals, will range from 0% - 150% of target opportunity using a similar scale as in FY2018, and will maintain all 13 corporate FY2018 performance factors. These performance factors are consistent with the performance factors historically used by the Company and as described in our Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 20, 2018. Two additional factors have been added to measure achievement of predetermined Merger commitment goals and supply chain savings. Most of the goals will be measured on a 15-month basis (October 1, 2018 - December 31, 2019). Where the calculation of 15-months results is not practical or meaningful (e.g., Utility ROE), a goal will be measured on a 12-month basis (January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019).
At its December 14, 2018 meeting, the Board approved FY2019 performance goals and targets that will govern payouts under the plan. The corporate performance goals making up our FY2019 corporate scorecard recognize that investors in a regulated utility achieve their investing objectives when customers are well-served through reliable, efficient operations. Washington Gas’ FY2019 performance goals include multiple metrics in several corporate performance categories related to: rewarding investors, safe delivery, customer value, performance improvement, supplier diversity, sustainability, employer of choice, reliable supply, achievement of Merger commitment goals and supply chain savings. As noted above, for FY2019, the Board approved a formulaic calculation for the Corporate Factor, involving the assignment of specific weightings for each corporate scorecard goal. Under this methodology, each scorecard goal is assigned a specific percentage weighting, which collectively total 100%. An indicative corporate factor is then determined as follows (using straight line interpolation between the values indicated):
Percent met or exceeded (by weighting)
 
Indicative Corporate Factor
At least 95%
 
1.5
70%
 
1.0
50%
 
0.6
Less than 50%
 
0
In most cases, the indicative corporate factor will be the Corporate Factor. However, the HR Committee retains discretion to reduce the Corporate Factor (including to set the Corporate Factor at zero) as it deems appropriate. The HR Committee might exercise this negative discretion, for example, if Washington Gas’ financial performance for the fiscal year was significantly below expectations or if Washington Gas’ performance was otherwise substantially below expectations in a way that was not adequately reflected by the application of this methodology.
The corporate scorecard goals measure the results of short-term activities that drive the long-term strategic objectives of Washington Gas. The performance targets are intended to challenge Washington Gas and its executive officers to achieve significant accomplishments in each of these areas.
Timing of Compensation
We granted Transition Period LTI awards effective October 1, 2018, the first day of the Transition Period. Awards for Messrs. Chapman and Ammann and Ms. Gutermuth were effective December 17, 2018. Short-term incentive payouts for the 15-month performance period will be made in March 2020. In order to comply with the merger commitment to maintain employee compensation and benefits, in aggregate, at least as favorable as they were prior to the Merger, the Company will pay a first installment of the incentive for this 15-month period incentive in March 2019 following the end of the Transition Period. The purpose of this Transition Period incentive payment is to avoid more than 12 months between incentive payments to employees. The Transition Period payment made in March 2019 will be a three-month payment at target, or 25% of an annualized payment at target. The payment made in March 2020 will be based on the results of the 15-month performance period, net of the March 2019 Transition Period payment. The HR Committee has the discretion to make awards at any time.
Following is a discussion of the timing of compensation decisions for the Transition Period:
Base salary changes for the Transition Period were determined at the September 17, 2018 HR Committee meeting and the September 18, 2018 Board meeting and implemented on October 1, 2018;

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Performance unit and restricted unit grants were approved at the September 17, 2018 HR Committee meeting for grants effective on October 1, 2018 (or December 17, 2018 in the case of Messrs. Chapman and Ammann and Ms. Gutermuth); and
Transition Period STI payments for the Transition Period were approved at the HR Committee meeting held on January 29, 2019 and the Board meeting held on February 21, 2019.
Impact of Prior Compensation
Amounts realizable from prior compensation did not serve to increase or decrease Transition Period compensation amounts.
Factors Considered in Decisions to Increase or Decrease Compensation Materially
As described above, existing pay levels, market data, retention needs, performance and internal pay equity have been the primary factors considered in decisions to increase or decrease compensation opportunities materially. Corporate performance and individual performances are the primary factors in determining the ultimate value of those compensation opportunities.
Role of Executive Officers
Mr. Chapman, our President and CEO, recommended to the HR Committee the compensation opportunities for the other Named Executive Officers. Mr. Chapman was not involved in determining his own compensation. None of the other Named Executive Officers had any role in determining their executive compensation.
Compensation Risk Evaluation
For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, Meridian conducted an update of a risk evaluation of Washington Gas’ compensation policies and practices for all employees, including executives. Meridian has updated the risk evaluation every year since it was first conducted in 2011. Management reviewed the evaluation results with the HR Committee and Meridian. The goal of the evaluation was to identify any features of Washington Gas’ compensation policies and practices that could encourage excessive risk-taking. The evaluation utilized a process that inventoried existing incentive plans and their salient features and examined design and administrative features of these plans to determine risk-aggravating or risk-mitigating factors.
In order to focus employees on performance objectives that promote the best interests of Washington Gas and its shareholders, short-term and long-term incentive-based compensation is linked to the achievement of measurable financial and business goals and, in the case of short-term incentives, individual performance goals. The risk evaluation conducted by Meridian found that these arrangements are coupled with compensation design elements and other controls that discourage business decision-making focused solely on compensation consequences, and thus mitigate risk.
Based on the results of the 2018 evaluation and the consistency of our Transition Period compensation program, we believe that our executive compensation program reflects an appropriate mix of compensation elements and balances current and long-term performance objectives, cash and equity compensation, and risks and rewards associated with executive roles. The following features of our executive incentive compensation program illustrate this point:
Our performance goals and objectives reflect a balanced mix of performance measures to avoid excessive weight on a certain goal or performance measure;
Our annual and long-term incentives provide a defined and capped range of payout opportunities;
Total direct compensation levels are heavily weighted towards long-term, incentive awards with vesting schedules that fully materialize over a number of years; and
Long-term incentive awards are granted annually so executives always have unvested awards that could decrease significantly in value if our business is not managed for the long term.
Based on the above combination of program features, we believe that: (i) our executives are encouraged to manage Washington Gas in a prudent manner, and (ii) our incentive programs are not designed in a manner to encourage our senior business leaders to take risks that are inconsistent with the best interests of Washington Gas’ customers, shareholder and other stakeholders.
CEO PAY RATIO
As required by Section 953(b) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and Item 402(u) of Regulation S-K, we are providing the following information about the relationship of the median Transition Period total compensation of all of our employees and the Transition Period total compensation of our CEO, Mr. Chapman. For the

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Transition Period, the median of the annual total compensation of all employees of Washington Gas (other than Mr. Chapman) was $28,204. The total compensation of Mr. Chapman was $2,143,549, which reflects his total Transition Period compensation as reported in the Summary Compensation Table for the Transition Period included elsewhere in this Form 10-KT. Based on this information, for the Transition Period, the ratio of the annual total compensation of Mr. Chapman to the median of the Transition Period total compensation of all employees of Washington Gas (other than Mr. Chapman) was 76 to 1.
The ratio of the Transition Period total compensation of Mr. Chapman to the median of the total compensation of all employees of Washington Gas (other than Mr. Chapman) presented above is a reasonable estimate calculated in a manner consistent with Item 402(u) of Regulation S-K. This ratio is not comparable to the ratios reported by other public companies, because each company uses its own assumptions, methodologies and estimates when computing the ratios.
To identify the median of the total compensation of all our employees, as well as to determine the total compensation of our median employee and Mr. Chapman, we took the following steps:
We determined that, as of December 31, 2018, our employee population consisted of approximately 1,559 individuals, with all of these individuals located in the United States. This population consisted of our full-time, part-time, and temporary employees, and does not include any independent contractors that we have engaged.
To identify the median employee from our employee population, we compared the amount of total compensation (consisting of salaries and overtime) of our employees as reflected in our payroll records as of December 31, 2018. We identified our median employee using this compensation measure, which was consistently applied to all employees included in the calculation.
Once we identified our median employee, we combined all of the elements of such employee’s compensation for the Transition Period in accordance with the requirements of Item 402(c)(2)(x) of Regulation S-K, resulting in Transition Period total compensation of $28,204.
For the Transition Period total compensation of Mr. Chapman, we used the amount reported in the “Total” column (column (j)) of our 2018T Summary Compensation Table included in this Form 10-KT.
This information is being provided for compliance purposes. Neither the HR Committee, which oversees executive compensation, nor the management of Washington Gas used the pay ratio measure in making any compensation decisions.

COMPENSATION OF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The following tables and related footnotes and discussion present information about compensation for the Named Executive Officers. The “Summary Compensation Table” on the next page quantifies the value of the different forms of compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid to Named Executive Officers in FY 2016, FY 2017, FY 2018 and 2018T.
The Summary Compensation Table should be read in conjunction with the tables and narrative descriptions that follow. The “Grants of Plan-Based Awards in 2018T” table and the description of the material terms of the performance shares and performance units granted in 2018T that follows it provide information regarding the long-term equity incentives awarded to Named Executive Officers that are reported in the Summary Compensation Table.
The “Pension and Other Retirement Benefits” and “Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation” tables and the related description of the material terms of the retirement plans describe each Named Executive Officer’s retirement benefits and deferred compensation to provide context to the amounts listed in the Summary Compensation Table.












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Summary Compensation Table for 2018T
The following table presents information about compensation for the Named Executive Officers. It includes compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to the Named Executive Officers during FY 2016, FY 2017, FY 2018 and 2018T.
Name and Principal Position(1) (a)
Fiscal
Year
(b)
 
Salary
(c)

 
Bonus(2)
(d)

 
Stock
Awards(3)
(e)

 
Non-Equity
Incentive
Compensation(4)
($) (g)

 
Change in
Pension Value
and
Non-qualified
Deferred
Compensation
Earnings(5)
($) (h)

 
All Other
Compensation(6)
($) (i)

 
Total
($) (j)

Adrian P. Chapman
2018T
 
$
158,795

 
$
134,975

 
$
1,279,152

 
$

 
$
561,509

 
$
9,118

 
$
2,143,549

President and Chief
2018
 
$
588,873

 
$
3,059,500

 
$
1,040,388

 
$
534,742

 
$
258,258

 
$
1,246,947

 
$
6,728,708

Executive Officer
2017
 
$
561,000

 
$
65,000

 
$
1,085,482

 
$
453,000

 
$
378,650

 
$
38,450

 
$
2,581,582

 
2016
 
$
556,000

 
$

 
$
1,084,302

 
$
542,000

 
$
1,432,814

 
$
39,331

 
$
3,654,447

Vincent L. Ammann, Jr.
2018T
 
$
132,329

 
$
92,630

 
$
769,860

 
$

 
$
380,968

 
$
4,921

 
$
1,380,708

Executive Vice President
2018
 
$
494,364

 
$
2,348,200

 
$
629,171

 
$
356,779

 
$
418,322

 
$
758,380

 
$
5,005,216

and Chief Financial Officer
2017
 
$
470,000

 
$
40,000

 
$
656,840

 
$
315,000

 
$
688,096

 
$
31,115

 
$
2,201,051

 
2016
 
$
465,000

 
$

 
$
655,034

 
$
329,000

 
$
1,016,318

 
$
30,513

 
$
2,495,865

Luanne S. Gutermuth
2018T
 
$
121,995

 
$
73,197

 
$
600,547

 
$

 
$
51,892

 
$
29,675

 
$
877,305

Executive Vice President and
2018
 
$
479,000

 
$

 
$
526,828

 
$
339,491

 
$
28,221

 
$
714,629

 
$
2,088,169

and Chief Administrative Officer
2017
 
$
465,000

 
$
35,000

 
$
549,954

 
$
322,000

 
$
240,638

 
$
95,710

 
$
1,708,302

 
2016
 
$
450,000

 
$

 
$
536,352

 
$
290,000

 
$
396,861

 
$
83,187

 
$
1,756,400

Douglas A. Staebler(7) 
2018T
 
$
100,822

 
$
55,452

 
$
451,200

 
$

 
$
209,592

 
$
5,167

 
$
822,233

Senior Vice President -
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 
 


 


Utility Operations

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marcellous P. Frye, Jr.(7)
2018T
 
$
95,529

 
$
47,764

 
$
384,761

 
$

 
$
137,232

 
$
3,530

 
$
668,816

Vice President - Economic
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 
 


 


Development and Strategy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Leslie T. Thornton
2018T
 
$
68,019

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,403,037

 
$
1,471,056

Former Senior Vice President and Merger
2018
 
$
407,000

 
$

 
$
447,654

 
$
242,038

 
$

 
$
638,557

 
$
1,735,249

Transition Counsel
2017
 
$
395,000

 
$
35,000

 
$
467,187

 
$
223,000

 
$

 
$
117,437

 
$
1,237,624

 
2016
 
$
390,000

 
$

 
$
464,855

 
$
276,000

 
$

 
$
112,182

 
$
1,243,037


(1)The principal positions shown are as of February 15, 2019. Please note that column (f) “Option Awards” has been omitted in accordance with SEC rules because no such compensation was awarded to, earned by, or paid to the Named Executive Officers during 2018T, FY 2018, FY 2017 or FY 2016.
(2)Bonus consists of a pro-rated short-term incentive payment paid at target to the executive.
(3)For 2018T, stock awards consist of performance units and restricted units. For a description of the vesting conditions of performance units and restricted units, see “Long-Term Incentive Compensation” in the CD&A. For prior years, stock awards consist of performance shares and performance units. Vesting conditions of prior year awards are discussed in the Washington Gas Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 filed with the SEC on November 20, 2018. These amounts represent the aggregate grant date fair value of the long-term incentive awards computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. The amounts in column (e) include the aggregate grant date fair values for all long-term incentive awards granted in each year. The aggregate grant date fair values of the awards in column (e), assuming that maximum payouts are achieved, are as follows: 2018T: Mr. Chapman - $2,041,200; Mr. Ammann - $1,228,500; Ms. Gutermuth - $958,320; Mr. Staebler - $720,000; and Mr. Frye - $613,980. For FY2018, Mr. Chapman - $1,820,681; Mr. Ammann - $1,101,057; Ms. Gutermuth - $921,966; and Ms. Thornton - $783,405. For FY 2017: Mr. Chapman - $1,918,534; Mr. Ammann - $1,160,943; Ms. Gutermuth - $972,001; and Ms. Thornton - $825,714. For FY 2016: Mr. Chapman - $1,918,433; Mr. Ammann - $1,158,916; Ms. Gutermuth - $948,944; and Ms. Thornton - $822,444. For a discussion of the assumptions and methodologies used to calculate the amounts in column (e), see the discussions of current awards and prior year awards contained in Note 10 (Stock-Based Compensation) to the Washington Gas Financial Statements, included elsewhere in this Form 10-KT. The actual amount ultimately realized by a Named Executive Officer from the disclosed awards listed under column (e) will likely vary based on a number of factors, including our actual operating performance, stock price fluctuations, and differences from the valuation assumptions used and the timing of applicable vesting. For information regarding the treatment of stock awards pursuant to the Merger, please refer to the discussion of prior year awards contained in Note 10 (Stock-Based Compensation) to the Washington Gas Financial Statements, included elsewhere in this Form 10-KT.
(4)The amounts shown in column (g) constitute the prior year short-term incentive payouts made to the Named Executive Officers as described in the Washington Gas Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 filed with the SEC on November 20, 2018.
(5)Column (h) reflects pension accruals for the officers, except for Ms. Thornton. Ms. Thornton is not a participant in the Pension Plan. There are no above market or preferential earnings on compensation deferred on a basis that is not tax-qualified, including such earnings on non-qualified contribution plans.

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The pension accrual amounts represent the difference in present value (measured at the respective fiscal year-end dates shown in the table) based on assumptions shown in the text following the “Pension and Other Retirement Benefits” table set forth later in this Form 10-KT.
(6)The amounts in column (i) represent the values of perquisites and matching contributions under the 401(k) Plan and, with respect to Mses. Gutermuth and Thornton, the amount of company contributions under the DC SERP and the Defined Contribution Restoration Plan. The value of perquisites is set forth in the “Perquisites” table. Also included in column (i) is the additional value realized by each Named Executive Officer related to the acceleration of the officer's 2016 and 2017 long-term incentive awards, which is calculated as the difference between the originally reported grant date fair value of the award and the amount paid out to the individual upon the close of the Merger and, for purposes of the Summary Compensation Table, includes dividend equivalents. The Named Executive Officers received the following amounts as additional value realized in connection with the acceleration of the 2016 and 2017 awards: Mr. Chapman - $1,202,558; Mr. Ammann - $727,311; Ms. Gutermuth - $604,353; and Ms. Thornton - $516,906. The following Named Executive Officers received the following amounts as matching contributions under the 401(k) Plan during 2018T: Mr. Chapman - $0; Mr. Ammann - $0; Ms. Gutermuth - $0; Mr. Staebler - $0; Mr. Frye - $0; and Ms. Thornton - $0. The following Named Executive Officers received the following amounts as matching contributions under the 401(k) Plan during FY 2018: Mr. Chapman - $10,671; Mr. Ammann - $11,000; Ms. Gutermuth - $11,000; and Ms. Thornton - $9,421. The following Named Executive Officers received the following amounts as matching contributions under the 401(k) Plan during FY 2017: Mr. Chapman - $10,357; Mr. Ammann - $10,800; Ms. Gutermuth - $10,800; and Ms. Thornton - $10,800. The following Named Executive Officers received the following amounts as matching contributions under the 401(k) Plan during FY 2016: Mr. Chapman - $10,302; Mr. Ammann - $10,600; Ms. Gutermuth - $10,600; and Ms. Thornton - $10,600. The company contributions to the DC SERP and the Defined Contribution Restoration Plan for Ms. Gutermuth were $24,982 for 2018T, $69,374 for FY2018, $61,328 for FY 2017 and $50,634 for FY 2016. The company contributions to the DC SERP, the Defined Contribution Restoration Plan and the enhanced benefit under the 401(k) Plan for Ms. Thornton were $20,971 for 2018T, $91,690 in FY2018, $87,201 in FY 2017 and $82,708 in FY 2016. In addition to the foregoing items, the amount reported for Ms. Thornton includes amounts paid or payable to her in connection with change in control severance benefits ($1,379,510).
(7) Messrs. Staebler and Frye were not Named Executive Officers prior to 2018T.

Perquisites
We have a program of income tax, estate and financial planning services for our executive officers. We pay the actual cost of these services provided to the executive up to a pre-determined ceiling depending on the level of the executive officer. The highest amount provided to any executive under the income tax, estate and financial planning program is $10,000 per year. We also pay the cost of certain other perquisites for executive officers, including: parking at our headquarters building, a vehicle allowance, and an annual physical examination. The Named Executive Officers also have limited ability to obtain company tickets to sporting and entertainment events for personal use, for which there is no incremental cost to the company.
The following table sets forth the incremental value of perquisites for the Named Executive Officers in 2018T included in the “All Other Compensation” column (i) of the Summary Compensation Table above.
2018T INCREMENTAL COST OF PERQUISITES PROVIDED TO NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Name and Principal Position
Fiscal Year
Tax and Financial Counseling
($)

 
Vehicle Allowance
($)

 
Parking
($)

 
Physical
($)

 
 Insurance
($)

 
Tax Gross-up
($)

 
Total
($)

Adrian P. Chapman
2018T
$
3,308

 
$
2,100

 
$
1,200

 
$

 
$
600

 
$
1,910

 
$
9,118

President and Chief
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Officer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vincent L. Ammann, Jr.
2018T
$

 
$
2,100

 
$
1,200

 
$

 
$
600

 
$
1,021

 
$
4,921

Senior Vice President and
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Luanne S. Gutermuth
2018T
$

 
$
2,100

 
$
1,020

 
$

 
$
600

 
$
973

 
$
4,693

Senior Vice President, Shared
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Services and Chief Human
Resources Officer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Douglas A. Staebler
2018T
$

 
$
2,100

 
$
1,020

 
$

 
$
588

 
$
1,459

 
$
5,167

Senior Vice President -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Utility Operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marcellous P. Frye, Jr.
2018T
$

 
$
2,100

 
$
1,020

 
$

 
$

 
$
410

 
$
3,530

Vice President - Economic
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Development and Strategy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Leslie T. Thornton
2018T
$

 
$
1,400

 
$
800

 
$

 
$
356

 
$

 
$
2,556

Former Senior Vice President
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
and Merger Transition Counsel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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The amounts set forth in the “tax gross-up” column in the above table represent the amount of taxes paid by Washington Gas on behalf of officers relating to life insurance coverage with benefits in excess of $50,000. We provide the executive officers (and all employees) life insurance equal to one times the employees’ salary. Under the Internal Revenue Code, the cost of the first $50,000 of life insurance paid by us is not taxable income to the employee. However, the premium we paid for insurance in excess of $50,000 is taxable income (imputed income) to the employee. Washington Gas “grosses up” the income of the Named Executive Officers for the taxes on this imputed income (i.e., we pay the taxes for the Named Executive Officers on this imputed income). The imputed income amount and the amount of the tax gross-up are both taxable income to the Named Executive Officer. The amounts under the column entitled, “Insurance” in the above table represent the premiums paid by Washington Gas for the respective Named Executive Officer’s long-term care and imputed income for life insurance.































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Grants of Plan-Based Awards in 2018T
The following Grants of Plan-Based Awards table sets forth information concerning the range of short-term incentive opportunities and opportunities under grants of performance units and restricted units to our Named Executive Officers during 2018T. The grants in the following table were made under the 2016 Plan.
 
 
 
Estimated Future Payouts Under
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards
(1)
Name (a)
 
Grant Date
(b)
Threshold(2)  
($) (c)
 
Target
($) (c
)
 
Maximum
($) (e)
Adrian P. Chapman
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term Incentive
 
N/A
$
187,425

 
$
535,500

 
$
803,250

ROE Performance Units
 
12/17/2018
$
181,440

 
$
453,600

 
$
907,200

AFFO Performance Units
 
12/17/2018
$
181,440

 
$
453,600

 
$
907,200

Restricted Units
 
12/17/2018
$
226,800

 
$
226,800

 
$
226,800

Vincent L. Ammann, Jr.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term Incentive
 
N/A
$
128,625

 
$
367,500

 
$
551,250

ROE Performance Units
 
12/17/2018
$
109,200

 
$
273,000

 
$
546,000

AFFO Performance Units
 
12/17/2018
$
109,200

 
$
273,000

 
$
546,000

Restricted Units
 
12/17/2018
$
136,500

 
$
136,500

 
$
136,500

Luanne S. Gutermuth
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term Incentive
 
N/A
$
101,640

 
$
290,400

 
$
435,600

ROE Performance Units
 
12/17/2018
$
85,184

 
$
212,960

 
$
425,920

AFFO Performance Units
 
12/17/2018
$
85,184

 
$
212,960

 
$
425,920

Restricted Units
 
12/17/2018
$
106,480

 
$
106,480

 
$
106,480

Douglas A. Staebler
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term Incentive
 
N/A
$
77,000

 
$
220,000

 
$
330,000

ROE Performance Units
 
10/1/2018
$
64,000

 
$
160,000

 
$
320,000

AFFO Performance Units
 
10/1/2018
$
64,000

 
$
160,000

 
$
320,000

Restricted Units
 
10/1/2018
$
80,000

 
$
80,000

 
$
80,000

Marcellous P. Frye, Jr.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term Incentive
 
N/A
$
66,325

 
$
189,500

 
$
284,250

ROE Performance Units
 
10/1/2018
$
54,576

 
$
136,440

 
$
272,880

AFFO Performance Units
 
10/1/2018
$
54,576

 
$
136,440

 
$
272,880

Restricted Units
 
10/1/2018
$
68,220

 
$
68,220

 
$
68,220

Leslie T. Thornton
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term Incentive
 
N/A
 
 
 
 
 
ROE Performance Units
 
N/A
 
 
 
 
 
AFFO Performance Units
 
N/A
 
 
 
 
 
Restricted Units
 
N/A
 
 
 
 
 


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Note that columns (f), (g) and (h) under "Estimated Future Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards and columns (i) “All Other Stock Awards,” (j) “All Other Option Awards: Number of Securities,” and (k) “Exercise Price of Option Awards,” have been omitted in accordance with SEC rules because no such compensation was awarded to, earned by, or paid to the Named Executive Officers during 2018T.
No consideration was paid by any of the Named Executive Officers for the awards listed in the “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” table.

(1)Amounts in these columns represent the threshold, target and maximum payouts under our short-term incentive program based on FY 2019 performance, and the threshold, target and maximum payouts under our performance unit and restricted unit program for the 36-month performance period from October 1, 2018 through September 30, 2021.
(2)Threshold payout for non-equity incentive awards (as it relates to performance units) reflect payout amounts if the ROE Ratio achieved is 90%, the Compounded AFFO Growth achieved is 50%, and the TSR Modifier achieved is 80%. Threshold payout for non-equity incentive awards (as it relates to short-term incentive awards) equal to 35% of the target award and are based on the minimum individual factor and corporate factors for which a payout will be made. Although performance unit grants are considered equity incentive plan awards, the estimated future payouts under these grants are included in these columns because awards are denominated in dollars and paid out in cash, rather than shares of stock.
Options
WGL has not granted stock options since October 1, 2006 because WGL’s compensation program changed to eliminate granting stock options and to begin granting performance shares and performance units, and none of the Named Executive Officers owned stock options during 2018T.
Outstanding Equity Awards at 2018T Period End
The Outstanding Equity Awards at Year End table has been omitted from this Form 10-KT because all equity awards outstanding at the time of the Merger were either vested upon close of the Merger or were converted to cash awards. No equity awards were outstanding as of the end of the Transition Period.
Stock Vested in 2018T
The Stock Vested table has been omitted from this Form 10-KT because all equity awards outstanding at the time of the Merger were either vested upon close of the Merger or were converted to cash awards. As the company no longer has equity awards outstanding, no stock vested during the Transition Period.

Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation
The following table presents information regarding the contributions to and earnings on the Named Executive Officers’ deferred compensation balances during 2018T, and also shows the total deferred amounts for the Named Executive Officers at the end of 2018T.
Name (a)
 
Plan
 
Executive
Contributions
in Last Quarter (b)

 
Registrant Contributions in
Last Quarter ($) (c)

 
Aggregate
Earnings in
Last Quarter ($) (d)

 
Aggregate
Withdrawals / Distributions ($) (e)

 
Aggregate
Balance at
Last Quarter ($) (f)

Adrian P. Chapman
 
n/a
 

 

 

 

 

Vincent L. Ammann, Jr.
 
n/a
 

 

 

 

 

Luanne S. Gutermuth(1)
 
DC SERP/ DC Restoration
 

 
$
24,983

 
$
(34,204
)
 

 
$
471,314

Douglas A. Staebler
 
n/a
 

 

 

 

 

Marcellous P. Frye, Jr.
 
n/a
 

 

 

 

 

Leslie T. Thornton (2)
 
DC SERP/ DC Restoration
 
 
 
$
20,971

 
$
(20,771
)
 
 
 
$
452,598


(1)Ms. Gutermuth received the indicated amounts as a participant in the DC SERP and the DC Restoration Plan. The terms of these plans are described under the “Pension and Other Retirement Benefits” section of this Form 10-KT. The amount indicated under column (f) reflects the $435,755 in the DC SERP, in which Ms. Gutermuth was 100% vested as of the end of 2018T, and $35,560 in the DC Restoration Plan, in which Ms. Gutermuth was 100% vested as of the end of 2018T.
(2)Ms. Thornton received the indicated amounts as a participant in the DC SERP and the DC Restoration Plan. The terms of these plans are described under the “Pension and Other Retirement Benefits” section of this Form 10-KT. The amount indicated under column (f) reflects $390,454 in the DC SERP, in which Ms. Thornton was 100% vested as of the end of 2018T, and $62,144 in the DC Restoration Plan, in which Ms. Thornton was 100% vested as of the end of 2018T.







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Pension and Other Retirement Benefits
The following table and related discussion describes the present value of accumulated benefits payable under the Pension Plan (a qualified plan), the DB SERP (a non-qualified plan) and the Defined Benefit Restoration Plan (a non-qualified plan).
Name (a)
 
Plan Name
(b)
 
Number of Years
Credited Service
(#) (c)
 
Present Value of
Accumulated Benefit
($) (d)

Adrian P. Chapman
 
Pension Plan
 
37.0
 
$
1,523,505

 
 
DB SERP
 
30.0
 
$
7,083,730

Vincent L. Ammann, Jr.
 
Pension Plan
 
15.0
 
$
642,237

 
 
DB SERP
 
30.0
 
$
5,063,090

Luanne S. Gutermuth
 
Pension Plan
 
20.5
 
$
816,594

 
 
DB Restoration
 
20.5
 
$
634,516

Douglas A. Staebler
 
Pension Plan
 
13.5
 
$
562,291

 
 
DB SERP
 
28.5
 
$
3,353,531

Marcellous P. Frye, Jr.
 
Pension Plan
 
13.5
 
$
405,646

 
 
DB SERP
 
26.5
 
$
2,180,107

Prior to her retirement, Ms. Thornton was not a participant under the Pension Plan, the DB SERP or the DB Restoration plan.
The following actuarial assumptions were used in determining the amounts set forth in the “Pension and Other Retirement Benefits” table:
Measurement Date
 
December 31, 2018

September 30, 2018

 
September 30, 2017

Discount Rate
 
 
 
 
 
DB SERP and DB Restoration
 
4.30
%
4.30
%
 
3.60
%
Pension Plan
 
4.40
%
4.40
%
 
3.90
%
Pre-retirement Mortality
 
None

None

 
None

Post-retirement Mortality
 
The sex distinct RP-2014 Healthy Annuitant and Employee mortality tables with a base year of 2006 as published by the Society of Actuaries in October 2014, with generational mortality improvements projected forward from 2006 using the sex distinct MP-2018 mortality improvement scales

RP-2014 mortality tables with a base year of 2006 projected using the MP-2014 mortality improvement scale, adjusted to converge over 15 years to an ultimate rate of 0.75% at age 85, grading to 0% at age 115 in 2022

 
RP-2014 mortality tables with a base year of 2006 projected using the MP-2014 mortality improvement scale, adjusted to converge over 15 years to an ultimate rate of 0.75% at age 85, grading to 0% at age 115 in 2022

Retirement Age
 
65

65

 
65

Payment Form
 
 
 
 
 
Amount Earned After 12/31/2004 for DB
 
Actual 409A Lump Sum Election

Actual 409A Lump Sum Election

 
Actual 409A Lump Sum Election

SERP and DB Restoration
 
Reflecting a 2.10% Interest Rate

Reflecting a 2.10% Interest Rate

 
Reflecting a 2.10% Interest Rate

Qualified Pension Plan and Pre-409A DB SERP
 
Qualified Joint & Survivor Annuity

Qualified Joint & Survivor Annuity

 
Qualified Joint & Survivor Annuity

For a discussion of the assumptions and methodologies used to calculate the amounts reported in the “Pension and Other Retirement Benefits” table above, see the discussion contained in Note 9 (Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans) to Washington Gas' Consolidated Financial Statements, and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included as part this Form 10-KT.
Summary of Retirement Benefits
Washington Gas provides retirement benefits to the Named Executive Officers under the terms of qualified and non-qualified defined-benefit and defined-contribution retirement plans.
Retirement benefits provide post-employment security to our employees. As of the end of 2018T, the following primary retirement benefit programs were available to the Named Executive Officers:
the 401(k) Plan, a tax-qualified defined-contribution plan in which the Named Executive Officers participate on the same terms as our other participating employees;
the Pension Plan, a tax-qualified, non-contributory pension plan covering all active employees (including executive officers) and vested former employees of Washington Gas;

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the DB SERP, a non-qualified defined-benefit retirement plan which provides the Named Executive Officers a benefit up to 60% of the individual’s final average compensation, as determined under that plan;
the DC SERP, a non-qualified defined-contribution retirement plan;
the Defined Benefit Restoration Plan, a non-qualified defined-benefit retirement plan; and
the Defined Contribution Restoration Plan, a non-qualified defined-contribution retirement plan.
Pension Plan and 401(k) Plans
Each Named Executive Officer participates in the Pension Plan, except for Ms. Thornton. The Pension Plan is a tax-qualified, non-contributory pension plan covering active employees (including certain executive officers) and vested former employees of Washington Gas and certain affiliates. The Pension Plan is now closed to new entrants. Participation in the Pension Plan was closed: (i) to employees hired on or after January 1, 2009 who are covered under the collective bargaining agreements with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters and Office and Professional Employees International Union Local 2, (ii) to management employees first hired on or after July 1, 2009, (iii) to Hampshire Gas Company employees first hired on or after January 1, 2010, and (iv) to employees first hired on or after January 1, 2010 who are covered by the collective bargaining agreement between Washington Gas and the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Local 1900. Instead of Pension Plan benefits, employees hired after the aforementioned dates receive an enhanced benefit in the form of an employer contribution under the 401(k) Plans. This enhanced benefit provides a company contribution between 4%-6% of base compensation (depending on length of service) to subject employees. Executive officers receive this benefit on the same terms as our other participating employees. Ms. Thornton joined the company after 2009 and therefore receives the enhanced 401(k) plan benefit.
The Pension Plan provides an unreduced retirement benefit at termination of employment at the normal retirement age of 65. A participant must have five years of accredited service under the Pension Plan to vest in a pension benefit. The Pension Plan accrued benefit is calculated using a formula based on accredited service and highest three years (High Three) of average compensation. High Three average compensation is the average of the employee’s rate of annual basic compensation on December 31 of each of three calendar years of accredited service preceding that reflects the employee’s highest compensation prior to the employee’s normal retirement date, early or disability retirement date, actual date of retirement or date of termination of employment, whichever is applicable. Annual basic compensation consists of the regular annual salary or wages of an employee, excluding bonuses, compensation for overtime or other extra or special compensation, but including commissions, bonuses and other forms of incentive compensation paid to salesmen. The rate of High Three average compensation is multiplied by the percentage rate that applies to the participant’s years of accredited service. Bargaining units representing certain Washington Gas employees have negotiated different percentages for their members. A change was made to the formula for calculating the retirement benefit for management employees and for employees covered by the collective bargaining agreement with the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Local 1900 who retire on or after January 1, 2010 and for employees covered by Office and Professional Employees International Union Local 2 who retire on or after January 1, 2009. The retirement benefit for these employees will be determined by using the average of the retiree’s highest three years of earnings, rather than the average of the retiree’s last three years of earnings. The benefit for the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Local 96 is still based on the employees last three years of final average compensation.
An early retirement benefit, discounted for age, is available to employees at age 55 with five years of accredited service. Employees age 55 or older having any combination of age and accredited service that equals 90 or more and employees with 30 years of accredited service may retire early without discounting their pension for age. As of the date of this Form 10-KT, of the Named Executive Officers, Mr. Chapman, our President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Ammann, our Chief Financial Officer, Ms. Gutermuth, our Chief Administrative Officer, and Mr. Staebler, our Senior Vice President - Utility Operations, are eligible to receive an early retirement benefit.
The normal form of pension benefit is a joint and survivor annuity for an employee with an eligible spouse and a single-life annuity for an unmarried employee. Participants may elect among various payment options that will be the actuarial equivalent of the normal form of retirement benefit. There is no lump sum optional form of payment under the current Pension Plan.
Defined Benefit Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan
Each Named Executive Officer, except Mses. Gutermuth and Thornton, participates in the DB SERP, which is a non-qualified, unfunded defined benefit retirement plan. The purpose of the DB SERP is to provide an additional incentive to attract and retain key employees designated by the Board. The Board of Washington Gas designates participants in the DB SERP.
The DB SERP provides a retirement benefit that supplements the benefit payable under the Pension Plan. The benefit amount is based on years of benefit service and the average of the participant’s highest rates of annual basic compensation, including any short-term incentive awards, on December 31 of the three years out of the final five years of the participant’s service as a participant. Benefit service under the DB SERP consists of years of accredited service under the Pension Plan, plus the number

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of years of plan service under the DB SERP, to a maximum of 30 years. There is a vesting schedule for the benefit that varies depending upon the point in time the individual became a participant in the DB SERP.
At normal retirement, the DB SERP participant is entitled to an annual benefit equal to the participant’s vested percentage of an amount equal to 2% of final average compensation multiplied by the number of years of benefit service, reduced by the amount of the normal retirement benefit paid under the Pension Plan and the amount of any other supplemental pension benefit provided by Washington Gas. Participants in the CIC Plan, described elsewhere in this Form 10-KT, may earn extra years of benefit service under the DB SERP in certain events of termination following a change in control, up to the maximum of 30 years of benefit service.
The DB SERP provides an unreduced retirement benefit at termination of employment at the normal retirement age of 65.
An early retirement benefit, discounted for age, is available to participants at age 55 with 10 years of benefit service. As of the date of this Form 10-KT, the three of the four Named Executive Officers who participate in the DB SERP, Mr. Chapman, our President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Ammann, our Chief Financial Officer, and Mr. Staebler, our Senior Vice President - Utility Operations, are eligible to receive an early retirement benefit under the DB SERP.
A participant in the DB SERP can elect the same forms of benefit available under the Pension Plan, and in addition can elect a lump sum payment form. For DB SERP benefits earned through December 31, 2004, the lump sum amount is limited to the amount of the benefit attributable to short-term incentive compensation. For benefits earned on and after January 1, 2005, participants may elect a lump sum benefit in any percentage.
The lump sum amount is an actuarial determination based on the participant’s life expectancy discounted using the yield on the zero-coupon U.S. Treasury security with maturity equal to the maturity of each year’s payment. The lump sum shall equal the sum of the discounted payments.
The DB SERP is unfunded. Accordingly, all benefits constitute an unfunded contractual payment obligation of the company and a participant's right to receive payments under the DB SERP will be no greater than the right of an unsecured general creditor of the company.
Defined Contribution Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan
The DC SERP provides supplemental retirement benefits to executive officers who: (i) are not participants in the DB SERP; and (ii) are selected by the Board to participate in the DC SERP. Subject to certain conditions, the DC SERP provides the following benefits to participating employees: (i) a company credit equal to 6% of total pay (base salary and incentive pay); (ii) matching credit equal to 4% of annual short-term incentive pay only; and (iii) for employees who do not participate in the Pension Plan, an incentive credit equal to 4-6% of annual short-term incentive pay only depending on years of service. Benefits will be credited each pay period to a bookkeeping account maintained on behalf of the participant. Participant accounts will be credited with notional earnings and reduced for notional losses based upon the performance of investment alternatives selected by participants. Benefits will be paid in a lump sum upon the participant’s termination of employment or disability (whichever occurs first). The DC SERP is unfunded. Accordingly, all benefits constitute an unfunded contractual payment obligation of the company and a participant’s right to receive payments under the DC SERP will be no greater than the right of an unsecured general creditor of the company. Mses. Gutermuth and Thornton are participants in the DC SERP, and Ms. Thornton receives the additional incentive credit for employees who do not participate in the Pension Plan.
Defined Contribution Restoration Plan
The Defined Contribution Restoration Plan provides supplemental retirement benefits to employees: (i) who are not participants in the DB SERP; and (ii) whose base pay exceeds the limit set forth under Section 401(a)(17) of the Internal Revenue Code (i.e., $270,000 in 2017). Subject to certain conditions, the Defined Contribution Restoration Plan provides the following benefits to participating employees: (i) a base pay matching credit equal to 4% of the portion of the participant’s base pay only that exceeds the limit in Section 401(a)(17) of the Internal Revenue Code, and (ii) for employees who do not participate in the Pension Plan, a base pay restoration credit equal to 4-6% of the portion of the participant’s base pay only that exceeds the limit Section 401(a) (17) of the Internal Revenue Code. The actual percentage is based on years of service. Benefits are credited each pay period to a bookkeeping account maintained on behalf of the participant.
Participant accounts are credited with notional earnings and reduced for notional losses based upon the performance of investment alternatives selected by participants. Participants generally will be 100% vested in their Defined Contribution Restoration Plan benefits at all times except in the case of certain terminations of employment. Benefits will be paid in a lump sum upon a participant’s termination of employment or disability (whichever occurs first). The Defined Contribution Restoration Plan is unfunded. Accordingly, all benefits constitute an unfunded contractual payment obligation of the company and a participant’s right to receive payments under the Defined Contribution Restoration Plan will be no greater than the right of an unsecured general creditor of the company. Mses. Gutermuth and Thornton are participants in the Defined Contribution Restoration Plan.

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Defined Benefit Restoration Plan
The Defined Benefit Restoration Plan provides supplemental retirement benefits to employees designated by the Board of Washington Gas who are not also participants in the DB SERP. The Defined Benefit Restoration Plan provides a retirement benefit that supplements the benefit payable under the Pension Plan. With certain exceptions, benefits under the plan vest over five years. Ms. Gutermuth is a participant in the Defined Benefit Restoration Plan.
At normal retirement, the Defined Benefit Restoration Plan participant is entitled to an annual benefit equal to the benefit under the Pension Plan, calculated (i) by including annual incentive compensation in the definition of final average compensation, (ii) based on the final three calendar years of accredited service, and (iii) without regard to the limits on compensation set forth in Section 401(a)(17) of the Internal Revenue Code; and then reduced by the amount of the normal retirement benefit paid under the Pension Plan.
The Defined Benefit Restoration Plan provides an unreduced retirement benefit at termination of employment at the normal retirement age of 65. An early retirement benefit, discounted for age, is available to vested participants at age 55.
In general, a participant in the Defined Benefit Restoration Plan can elect the same forms of benefit available under the Pension Plan, and in addition can elect a lump sum payment form. The Defined Benefit Restoration Plan is unfunded. Accordingly, all benefits constitute an unfunded contractual payment obligation of the company and a participant’s right to receive payments under the Defined Benefit Restoration Plan will be no greater than the right of an unsecured general creditor of the company.
Rabbi Trusts

Prior to the Merger closing, Washington Gas established rabbi trusts for the DB SERP, DC SERP, DB Restoration, and DC Restoration Plans.  Immediately prior to the closing, Washington Gas contributed funds to these trusts sufficient to fully satisfy all then outstanding benefit obligations under such plans.  These trusts remain subject to the claims of the general creditors of Washington Gas.
POTENTIAL PAYMENTS UPON TERMINATION OR CHANGE IN CONTROL
Change in Control Severance Plan for Certain Executives
Each of the Named Executive Officers listed in the Summary Compensation Table in this Form 10-KT participated in the CIC Plan prior to the Merger. Change in control protections under that Plan provided severance pay and, in some situations, vesting or payment of long-term incentive awards, upon the Merger. The change in control provisions under the CIC Plan were effective during the period of one year prior to, and two years following, a change in control of WGL or Washington Gas. The CIC Plan incorporated the definition of a change in control as defined in the Change in Control Policy (“CIC Policy”). The Merger qualified as a Change in Control.
    
For the two years following a change in control, the Named Executive Officers are entitled to compensation (base salary, annual incentives, savings and retirement plans, welfare benefit plans, expenses, fringe benefits, office and vacation) consistent with that in place prior to the change in control or available after the change in control if more beneficial. Annual base salary is defined as the amount equal to the highest base salary rate in effect during the period beginning 12 months immediately preceding a change in control and ending on the date of the Named Executive Officer’s termination. The annual incentive bonus is equal to each executive’s target annual bonus for the fiscal year in which the Named Executive Officer’s employment is terminated.

As part of individual agreements entered into in connection with the Merger, certain CIC benefits were waived by Messrs. Chapman, Ammann and Ms. Gutermuth (see discussion under “Employment/Retention Agreements" earlier in this Form 10-KT). CIC benefits remaining at the end of the Transition Period were those detailed below, in the event the Named Executive Officer is terminated during the effective period for reasons other than cause, death or disability, or if the Named Executive Officer resigns for good reason:

for Messrs. Staebler and Frye, salary replacement benefits equal to the sum of the executive’s annual base salary plus annual target incentive bonus multiplied by two, net of any retention payment that has already been received;
for Messrs. Staebler and Frye, the product of the executive’s annual bonus and a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the current fiscal year through the termination date, and the denominator of which is 365;
medical and dental replacement benefits for three years for Messrs. Chapman and Ammann; and such benefits for two years for Ms. Gutermuth and Messrs. Staebler and Frye;

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an additional three years of benefit service under the DB SERP for Messrs. Chapman, Ammann, and two years for Messrs. Staebler and Frye provided, in no event shall such additional service, when added to the executive’s DB SERP benefit service, exceed the maximum of 30 years (Ms. Gutermuth does not participate in the DB SERP; her benefits under the DC SERP and the DB Restoration were 100% vested upon the Merger);
for Messrs. Staebler and Frye, outplacement services of up to $25,000; provided that such services are incurred by the executive within 12 months of his or her termination.

Ms. Thornton received payout of her CIC benefits upon her retirement and is no longer eligible for further payments.
If a change in control payment exceeds the limit for deductible payments under Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code by 10% or more, reimbursement will be made for the full amount of any excise taxes imposed on severance payments and any other payments under Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code and for all taxes due on the amount of that reimbursement. This excise tax gross-up provision was intended to preserve the level of change in control severance protections determined to be appropriate. On November 17, 2010, the Board eliminated the reimbursement by the company of excise taxes imposed on such severance payments for any executive officers that become covered by the terms of the CIC Plan on or after January 1, 2011.
As part of the Merger, all outstanding FY2016 and FY2017 awards were vested and paid shortly after the Merger and FY2018 awards were converted to a dollar value. With the exception of Ms. Thornton's FY2018 award, which will be paid in 2019, the FY2018 converted awards remain outstanding and subject to double-trigger vesting upon termination within the effective period. In the case of Messrs. Chapman and Ammann, however, they are each entitled to full acceleration and payout of their FY2018 awards upon any termination of employment. Additionally, in the case of another change in control (other than the Merger), each of the other NEOs, other than Ms. Thornton, would be entitled to full acceleration and payout of their FY2018 awards upon termination of employment. Together, the CIC Plan and the CIC Policy provide that a “qualified termination” triggers the receipt of severance benefits. Generally, a “qualified termination” of a participant in the CIC Plan means an involuntary termination of the participant (other than as a result of death, disability or for cause) or any termination of employment by the participant in the CIC Plan that is not initiated by the company and that is caused by any one or more of the following events, if such event occurs during the change in control effective period:

assignment to the participant, without his or her consent, of duties inconsistent in any material respect with the executive’s then current position or duties (including, for Messrs. Chapman and Ammann, not having their current position at the most senior resulting entity following the change in control), or any other action by the company which would cause him or her to violate ethical or professional obligations, or which results in a significant diminution in such position or duties;
the participant, without his or her consent, being required to relocate to a principal place of employment that is both more than 35 miles from his or her existing principal place of employment, and farther from the participant’s current residence than his or her existing principal place of employment;
the company materially reduces, without his or her consent, the participant’s base salary rate or target bonus opportunity, or materially reduces the aggregate value of other incentives and retirement opportunity, or fails to allow the participant to participate in all welfare benefit plans, incentive, savings and retirement plan, fringe benefit plans and vacation benefits applicable to other senior executives; or
the company fails to obtain a satisfactory agreement from any successor entity to assume and agree to perform the company’s obligations to the Named Executive Officer under the CIC Plan.
 
A Named Executive Officer will not be able to receive severance benefits for a qualified termination if the executive continues in employment with the company for more than 90 days following the later of the occurrence or knowledge of an event or events that would constitute a qualified termination. Also, the Named Executive Officer will not be entitled to receive severance benefits under the CIC Plan if the Named Executive Officer’s employment with the company terminates because of a change in control and the Named Executive Officer accepts employment, or has the opportunity to continue employment, with a successor entity (other than under terms and conditions which would constitute a qualified termination).
The severance benefits available under the CIC Plan are not additive or cumulative to severance or termination benefits that a Named Executive Officer might also be entitled to receive under the terms of any other arrangement or agreement with the company. As a condition of participating in the CIC Plan, the Named Executive Officer must expressly agree that the CIC Plan supersedes all prior plans or agreements providing for severance benefits.
The following table lists the amounts the Named Executive Officers were eligible to receive from the company under the CIC Plan as a result of the Merger and subsequent employment and retention agreements if the Named Executive Officer’s

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employment was terminated either involuntarily without cause or as a result of a good reason termination effective as of December 31, 2018. The amounts would be payable in a single lump sum and, to the extent required to comply with Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code, would not be paid to the Named Executive Officer prior to the date that is six months from the date of termination.


INCREMENTAL PAYMENTS DUE TO CHANGE IN CONTROL
(Assuming termination of employment on December 31, 2018)
Payments Due to Change In Control
 
 Chapman
 
 Ammann
 
Gutermuth
 
Staebler
 
Frye
Cash severance(1)
 
$

 
$

 
$
1,557,800

 
$
1,240,000

 
$
1,137,000

Additional value due to vesting of FY2018 converted cash units
 
$
1,065,409

 
$
644,302

 
$
539,496

 
$
374,856

 
$
346,582

Additional SERP amount due to service credits(2)
 
$

 
$
244,912

 
$

 
$
387,511

 
$
304,541

Medical and dental continuation (estimate)
 
$
50,964

 
$
50,964

 
$
52,108

 
$
52,108

 
$
52,108

Outplacement (maximum)
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
25,000

 
$
25,000

Excise tax gross up or cutback to avoid excise tax (rounded)(3)

 
$

 
$
(111,000
)
 
$
1,460,000

 
$
(257,000
)
 
$
1,445,000

TOTAL - AltaGas Merger related
 
$
1,116,373

)
$
829,178

 
$
3,609,404

 
$
1,822,475

 
$
3,310,231

Payments due to Termination in Connection with Add'l Change in Control
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Add'l value due to vesting of 2018T LTI awards
 
$
1,134,000

 
$
682,500

 
$
532,400

 
$
400,000

 
$
341,100

(1) For Ms. Gutermuth, represents accelerated payment of the retention bonus included as part of her post-Merger retention agreement.
(2) DB SERP calculations were made using a 4.3% discount rate.
(3) Excise tax gross-up or reduction to avoid excise tax.
**Ms. Thornton is omitted from the table above as she terminated her employment on November 30, 2018 and was not eligible for CIC payments on December 31, 2018.
Incremental Payments Due to Other Terminations
Other than the CIC Plan which remains in effect for two years with respect to the Merger, the company has no employment contracts and no guaranteed severances for terminations other than related to the Merger effective period.
DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
Cash compensation for non-employee directors’ service on the Board of Washington Gas during the Transition Period consisted of a cash retainer. Management directors do not receive compensation for their service as directors.
Director Annual Retainer
Non-employee directors of Washington Gas receive a $175,000 annual cash retainer (paid quarterly in arrears), which is paid by Washington Gas. The Washington Gas Board Chairman receives an additional $25,000 per year for his service as Chairman of the Board. Directors were offered the opportunity to receive all or a portion of their cash compensation on a deferred basis under the WGL Holdings and Washington Gas Deferred Compensation Plan for Outside Directors, which is described below under the heading “Director Deferred Compensation Plan.”
 The table below presents information regarding the total compensation paid to non-employee directors of Washington Gas during the Transition Period.

COMPENSATION PAID TO DIRECTORS IN 2018T

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Name (a)
 
Fees Earned
or Paid in Cash
($) (b)

 
Total
($) (h)

James W. Dyke, Jr.
 
$
43,750

 
$
43,750

Linda R. Gooden
 
$
43,750

 
$
43,750

Dale S. Rosenthal
 
$
43,750

 
$
43,750

John (Jack) F. Stark
 
$
50,000

 
$
50,000

Deborah S. Stein(1)
 
$

 
$


Columns (c) "Stock Awards", (d) “Option Awards”, (e) “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation”, (f) "Change in Pension Value and Non-qualified Deferred Compensation Earnings" and (g) “All Other Compensation” have been omitted in accordance with SEC rules because no such compensation was awarded to, earned by, or paid to directors during 2018T. None of Adrian Chapman, Randall Crawford, John Lowe or Phillip Knoll, each of whom served on the Washington Gas Board during 2018T, received compensation for their Board service.

(1) Joined the Washington Gas Board on January 1, 2019.

Non-Employee Director Compensation Decisions
Non-employee directors are compensated in accordance with the terms of our director compensation program.
Following consummation of the Merger, non-employee directors of Washington Gas are paid an annual cash retainer of $175,000 paid quarterly in arrears. The Chairman of the Board receives an additional annual cash retainer of $25,000.
The Board may take action at any time to amend the amount or type of compensation it receives. A director who is employed by WGL or AltaGas does not receive compensation for his or her role as a director. Other than conducting the director pay review discussed above, Meridian has no role in determining the compensation of the Board.
Director Deferred Compensation Plan
Non-employee directors of Washington Gas are eligible to defer up to 100% of their cash compensation under the WGL Holdings and Washington Gas Light Company Deferred Compensation Plan for Outside Directors, as amended and restated (the “Director Deferred Compensation Plan”). Deferrals are set at percentage increments of 10%. Interest is earned on deferred cash amounts, compounded quarterly.
The interest rate on cash amounts deferred on or after January 1, 2013 is equal to the weighted average interest rate of all of the outstanding debt of WGL and its subsidiaries, including Washington Gas, because, in any one year, the liability that WGL and Washington Gas has to directors is a consolidation of fees deferred over a number of years by directors. Therefore, the funds displace other long-term borrowings that WGL and Washington Gas would have otherwise utilized. The interest rate earned on compensation deferred after January 1, 2013 is determined on January 1 each year. The applicable interest rate for calendar year 2019 is 4.11%. The interest rate on amounts that were deferred prior to January 1, 2013 is equal to the weekly average yield to maturity for 10-year U.S. Government fixed interest rate securities issued at the time of the deferral, with a minimum rate of 8% per year.
Directors may elect to defer distribution of their compensation for a minimum period of one year following the end of the year in which compensation is deferred or until the director’s retirement from the Board. Deferred compensation may be distributed earlier than the time period specified by a director in the event of the director’s retirement, disability, death or upon the occurrence of a severe financial hardship. Directors may elect to receive payment of deferred amounts in a lump sum or, for cash awards only, in equal annual installments up to a ten-year period. Directors must elect the time and method of distribution at the same time they submit a deferral application. Payments commence within 30 days of the event that triggers payout. 
The amount of early withdrawals or accelerated payments made in connection with a severe financial hardship is limited in accordance with applicable tax laws. The administrator of the Director Deferred Compensation Plan has the sole discretion to determine whether such an early withdrawal or accelerated payment in the event of a severe financial hardship will be permitted.
Donations to Civic Organizations and Charities
Washington Gas has a long-standing tradition of supporting charitable and civic organizations within the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area by contributing financial donations and employee volunteer resources. None of these donations in the Transition Period were made in the name of a director of Washington Gas.

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Appendix A
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures (Unaudited)
The tables below reconcile operating earnings (loss) to GAAP net income (loss) applicable to common stock and adjusted EBIT to EBIT. Management believes that operating earnings (loss) and adjusted EBIT provide a meaningful representation of our earnings from ongoing operations. These measures facilitate analysis by providing consistent and comparable measures to help management, investors and analysts better understand and evaluate our operating results and performance trends, and assist in analyzing period-to-period comparisons. Additionally, we use these non-GAAP measures to report to the board of directors and to evaluate management’s performance.
To derive our non-GAAP measures, we adjust for the accounting recognition of certain transactions (non-GAAP adjustments) based on at least one of the following criteria:
To better match the accounting recognition of transactions with their economics;
To better align with regulatory view/recognition;
To eliminate the effects of:
i.
Significant out of period adjustments;
ii.
Other significant items that may obscure historical earnings comparisons and are not indicative of performance trends; and
iii.
For adjusted EBIT, other items which may obscure segment comparisons.
There are limits in using operating earnings (loss) and adjusted EBIT to analyze our results as they are not prepared in accordance with GAAP and may be different than non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies. In addition, using operating earnings (loss) and adjusted EBIT to analyze our results may have limited value as they exclude certain items that may have a material impact on our reported financial results. We compensate for these limitations by providing investors with the attached reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.
The following tables represent the reconciliation of non-GAAP operating earnings to GAAP net income (loss) applicable to common stock:
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
Fiscal Year Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
2018
2018
2017
2016
Operating earnings (loss)
$
60,642

$
127,314

$
106,816

$
109,434

Non-GAAP adjustments(1)
(14,560
)
(200,037
)
39,079

3,905

Income tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments(2)
4,004

51,792

(15,423
)
(1,545
)
Re-measurement impact of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
(1,243
)
(7,031
)


Net income (loss) applicable to common stock
$
48,843

$
(27,962
)
$
130,472

$
111,794


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(1)Refer to the reconciliations of adjusted EBIT to EBIT below for further details on our non-GAAP adjustments. Note that non-GAAP adjustments associated with interest expense or income taxes are shown separately and are not included in the reconciliation from adjusted EBIT to EBIT.
(2)Non-GAAP adjustments are presented on a gross basis and the income tax effects of those adjustments are presented separately. The income tax effects of non-GAAP adjustments, both current and deferred, are calculated based on the applicable composite tax rate for each period presented, with the exception of transactions not subject to income taxes.
The following table presents a reconciliation of adjusted EBIT to EBIT. EBIT is defined as earnings before interest and taxes. Items we do not include in EBIT are interest expense, dividends on preferred stock, and income taxes.
 
Three months ended December 31,
Fiscal Year Ended September 30
 
2018
2018
2017
2016
(In thousands)
 
 
 
 
Adjusted EBIT
$
90,502

$
206,036

$
224,760

$
222,319

Non-GAAP adjustments:
 
 
 
 
Unrealized mark-to-market valuations on energy-related derivatives(a)
(4,200
)
10,379

49,338

11,951

Storage optimization program(b)

(3,429
)
1,496

(376
)
DC weather impact(c)
(152
)
(2,710
)
(11,755
)
(9,392
)
Merger related costs(d)
(7,405
)
(26,661
)


Merger commitments(e)
(350
)
(139,647
)


Regulatory asset write off(f)
(2,453
)



Asset impairment(g)

(37,969
)
 
 
Net insurance proceeds(h)



1,722

Total non-GAAP adjustments
$
(14,560
)
$
(200,037
)
$
39,079

$
3,905

EBIT
$
75,942

$
5,999

$
263,839

$
226,224

(a) Adjustments to eliminate unrealized mark-to-market gains (losses) for our energy-related derivatives. With the exception of certain transactions related to the optimization of system capacity assets as discussed in footnote (b) below, when these derivatives settle, the realized economic impact is reflected in our non-GAAP results, as we are only removing interim unrealized mark-to-market amounts.
(b) Adjustments to shift the timing of storage optimization margins from the periods recognized for GAAP purposes to the periods in which such margins are recognized for regulatory sharing purposes. In addition, lower-of-cost or market adjustments related to system and non-system storage optimization are eliminated for non-GAAP reporting because the margins will be recognized for regulatory purposes when the withdrawals are made at the unadjusted historical cost of storage inventory.
(c) Eliminates the estimated financial effects of warm or cold weather in the District of Columbia, as measured consistent with our regulatory tariff. Washington Gas has regulatory weather protection mechanisms in Maryland and Virginia designed to neutralize the estimated financial effects of weather. Utilization of normal weather is an industry standard, and it is our practice to evaluate our rate-regulated revenues by utilizing normal weather and to provide estimates and guidance on the basis of normal weather.
(d) Adjustment to eliminate external transaction costs and other allocated, nonrecurring costs associated with the Merger Agreement with AltaGas.
(e) Represents Regulatory Commitments incurred due to the Merger with AltaGas.
(f) Write off of a regulatory asset denied recovery in the most recent Maryland rate case.
(g) Represents an impairment of PP&E in connection with an agreement not to seek recovery of certain costs incurred under the Formal Case 1027 mechanical coupling program.
(h)Represents the net proceeds of an environmental insurance policy, net of regulatory sharing. The adjustment includes $0.9 million related to prior periods of fiscal year 2016.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
 
EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION
The equity compensation plan table has been omitted from this Form 10-KT. As of the end of the Transition Period, no common stock of Washington Gas was authorized for issuance under any equity compensation plans.

Security Ownership of Management and Certain Beneficial Owners
As of the filing of this Form 10-KT, Washington Gas had outstanding 46,479,536 shares of common stock, all of which were owned by Wrangler SPE LLC.
As of the filing of this Form 10-KT, Washington Gas had outstanding the following shares of preferred stock:

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150,000 shares of Serial Preferred Stock, $4.80 Series;
70,600 shares of Serial Preferred Stock, $4.25 Series; and
60,000 shares of Serial Preferred Stock, $5.00 Series.
To the knowledge of Washington Gas, based on the most recent publicly available information at the time of the preparation of this Form 10-KT, no person was the beneficial owner of more than five percent of the shares outstanding of any series of preferred stock.
As of the filing of this Form 10-KT, no shares of common stock or preferred stock of Washington Gas were held by any director or executive officer of Washington Gas.
Washington Gas is unaware of any arrangement the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of Washington Gas.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
 
Policies and Procedures for Review, Approval or Ratification of Related-Person Transactions
Our policies and procedures for the review, approval or ratification of related person transactions are set forth in our Related Person Transactions Policy. In summary, a related person transaction is a consummated or currently proposed transaction in which we were or are to be a participant and the amount involved exceeds $120,000, and in which a related person (i.e., any director, executive officer, nominee for director, beneficial owner of more than 5% of our common stock, or any member of the immediate family of such person) has or will have a direct or indirect material interest.
The Governance & Environment, Health and Safety Committee is responsible for reviewing and approving all material transactions with any related person. This obligation is set forth in the Governance & Environment, Health and Safety Committee charter.
To identify related party transactions, each year we submit and require our directors and officers to complete director and officer questionnaires identifying any transactions with us in which the officer or director or their family members have an interest. We also distribute questionnaires to directors, executive officers and others within the company to identify related party transactions for purposes of meeting accounting and disclosure requirements under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 850. We review related party transactions due to the potential for a conflict of interest. A conflict of interest occurs when an individual’s private interest interferes, or appears to interfere, in any way with the company’s interests. Our code of conduct requires all directors, officers and employees who may have a potential or apparent conflict of interest to notify their supervisor or the company’s Compliance Officer.
We expect our directors, officers and employees to act and make decisions that are in the Company’s best interests and we encourage them to avoid situations that present a conflict between our interests and their own personal interests. Our directors, officers and employees are prohibited from taking any action that may make it difficult for them to perform their duties, responsibilities and services to the company in an objective and fair manner. In addition, we are prohibited from extending personal loans to, or guaranteeing the personal obligations of, any director or officer.
Material Related Person Transactions Since Beginning of Transition Period
There were no material related person transactions since the beginning of the Transition Period where Washington Gas was a participant in the transaction and no transactions were considered or reviewed for approval in connection with our Related Person Transactions Policy. Deborah S. Stein, who joined the Washington Gas Board of Directors on January 1, 2019, is a former executive officer of AltaGas and, as such, receives a monthly pension benefit paid to her by AltaGas in the amount of approximately Cdn$12,000 per month. Ms. Stein is entitled to receive this monthly payment until she reaches the age of 70. The monthly payment is not conditioned upon, or otherwise related to, her service on the Washington Gas Board of Directors. The payment of her pension by AltaGas is not subject to review under the Washington Gas Related Person Transactions policy.
Director Independence
The Washington Gas Board has determined that Messrs. Stark and Dyke and Mses. Gooden and Rosenthal are each independent pursuant to the guidelines set forth by the NYSE. In determining independence, the Board considered the specific criteria for independence as set forth in the company's Director Independence Standards, available at www.washingtongas.com, and also the facts and circumstances of any other relationships of individual directors with Washington Gas or its affiliates. In addition, all members of the Washington Gas Audit Committee are independent. Messrs. Stark and Dyke are independent members of the Governance & Environment, Health and Safety Committee. Ms. Gooden and Mr. Dyke are independent members of the Human Resources Committee.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
 
2018T, FY 2018 AND FY 2017 AUDIT FIRM FEE SUMMARY
Aggregate fees billed by (a) Deloitte & Touche LLP (“Deloitte”), the company’s independent public accounting firm for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, for services rendered with respect to the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and (b) Ernst & Young LLP ("EY"), the company's independent registered public accounting firm for the Transition Period, for services rendered with respect to the Transition Period, respectfully, are below.
 
2018T

 
FY 2018

 
FY 2017

Audit Fees(1)
$
642,479

 
$
1,709,225

 
$
1,335,278

Audit Related Fees(2)
$

 
$

 
$
102,000

Tax Fees(3)
$

 
$
370,064

 
$
240,490

All Other Fees(4)
$

 
$
13,670

 
$
14,388

TOTAL FEES
$
642,479

 
$
2,092,959

 
$
1,692,156

Services Provided by Deloitte and EY
All services rendered by Deloitte and EY are permissible under applicable laws and regulations and were pre-approved by the Audit Committee or by the Chair of the Audit Committee by delegated authority as required by law. The fees paid to Deloitte and EY for services listed in the above table are described in the categories listed below.

(1)Audit Fees - These are fees for professional services performed by (a) Deloitte for the audit of the company’s annual financial statements and review of financial statements included in the company’s quarterly filings on Form 10-Q, and services that are normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and (b) EY for the audit of the company's Transition Period financial statements and services that are normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements, during the Transition Period ended December 31, 2018.

(2)Audit Related Fees - These are fees for services performed by (a) Deloitte related to the audit of the company’s annual financial statements for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. EY did not bill the Company any audit-related fees for the Transition Period ended December 31, 2018.

(3)Tax Fees - These are fees for professional services performed by Deloitte with respect to tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. In each case, this includes review of tax returns for the Company. EY did not bill the Company for any tax services during the Transition Period ended December 31, 2018.

(4)All Other Fees - These are fees for other permissible work performed by (a) Deloitte during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. EY did not bill the Company for any such fees during the Transition Period ended December 31, 2018.
These services are actively monitored (as to both spending level and work content) by the Washington Gas Audit Committee to maintain the appropriate objectivity and independence in Deloitte’s core work, which is the audit of the company’s consolidated financial statements and the assessment of internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Pre-Approval Policy for Audit and Non-Audit Services
In accordance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, all audit and non-audit services provided to the company by its independent public accounting firm must be pre-approved by the appropriate Audit Committee. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 permits each Audit Committee to delegate to one of its members the authority to approve audit and non-audit services by the company’s independent public accounting firm when the Audit Committee is not in session. Each Audit Committee has adopted a policy that allows the Chair of the Audit Committee to approve audit-related services provided by the company’s independent public accounting firm between meetings of the Audit Committee if the fees for the services do not exceed $100,000. The Chair of the Audit Committee will report as soon as possible to the other Audit Committee members if the Chair is required to use this delegated authority between Audit Committee meetings. However, under each policy, the entire Audit Committee must approve any non-audit related services to be provided by the company’s independent public accounting firm prior to the provision of such services. All services reported in the preceding schedule for FY 2018 and FY 2017 were pre-approved by either the full Audit Committees or by the Chair of the appropriate Audit Committee, by delegated authority.


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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
 
Financial Statement Schedules
(a)(1)
All of the financial statements and financial statement schedules filed as a part of the transition report on Form 10-KT are included in Item 8.
(a)(2)
Schedule II should be read in conjunction with the financial statements in this report. Schedules not included herein have been omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
Schedule/
Exhibit      
  
Description
 
 
II
  
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016.
 
 
(a)(3)
  
Exhibits
 
 
 
  
Exhibits Filed Herewith:
 
 
 
 
Separation Agreement and General Release entered into by and between Leslie T. Thornton, and Washington Gas Light Company, dated December 5, 2018.*
 
 
 
 
Retention Letter Agreement for Marcellous P. Frye, Jr., Vice President - Business Services and Public Policy and Washington Gas Light Company, dated August 1, 2018.*
 
 
 
 
Retention Letter Agreement for Douglas A. Staebler, Senior Vice President - Utility Operations and Washington Gas Light Company, dated August 1, 2018.*
 
 
 
  
Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP
 
 
  
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP
 
 
 
  
Power of Attorney for Washington Gas Light Company
 
 
 
  
Certification of Adrian P. Chapman, the President and Chief Executive Officer of Washington Gas Light Company, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
  
Certification of Vincent L. Ammann, Jr., the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Washington Gas Light Company, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
  
Certification of Adrian P. Chapman, the President and Chief Executive Officer, and Vincent L. Ammann, Jr., the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
101.INS
  
XBRL Instance Document
 
 
101.SCH
  
XBRL Schema Document
 
 
101.CAL
  
XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
101.LAB
  
XBRL Labels Linkbase Document
 
 
101.PRE
  
XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
 
 
101.DEF
  
XBRL Definition Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
* Designates a compensatory plan or arrangement.

Schedule/
Exhibit      
  
Description

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Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (continued)


 
 
 
  
Exhibits Incorporated by Reference:
 
 
3
  
Articles of Incorporation & Bylaws:
 
 
  
Washington Gas Light Company Charter (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4 to Registration Statement on Washington Gas Light Company's Form S-3 filed July 21, 1995).
 
 
 
Bylaws of Washington Gas Light Company, as amended effective July 6, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Washington Gas Light Company’s Form 8-K filed July 12, 2018).
 
 
4
  
Instruments Defining the Rights of Security Holders including Indentures:
 
 
4.1
  
Indenture, dated September 1, 1991 between Washington Gas Light Company and The Bank of New York, as Trustee, regarding issuance of unsecured notes (incorporated by reference to an exhibit to Washington Gas Light Company's Form 8-K filed September 19, 1991).
 
 
4.2
  
Supplemental Indenture, dated September 1, 1993 between Washington Gas Light Company and The Bank of New York, as Trustee, regarding the addition of a new section to the Indenture dated September 1, 1991 (incorporated by reference to an exhibit to Washington Gas Light Company's Form 8-K filed September 10, 1993).
 
 
 
 
Terms Agreement, dated September 13, 2016, between Washington Gas Light Company, MUFG Securities Americas Inc., Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, BB&T Securities, LLC, TD Securities (USA) LLC and The Williams Capital Group, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to Washington Gas Light Company's Form 8-K filed September 19, 2016).
 
 
 
 
Terms Agreement, dated September 13, 2017, between Washington Gas Light Company, MUFG Securities Americas Inc. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to Washington Gas Light Company's Form 8-K filed September 19, 2017).
 
 
10
  
Material Contracts
 
 
 
 
  
Other Services Contracts
 
 
  
Master Services Agreement, effective June 19, 2007, with Accenture LLP, related to business process outsourcing, and service technology enhancements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to WGL Holdings, Inc.'s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2007 filed August 9, 2007). Portions of this exhibit were omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
 
 
  
Management Contracts, Compensatory Plans or Arrangements with Executive Officers and Directors
 
 
 
  
Washington Gas Light Company Defined Contribution Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Washington Gas Light Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2009 filed February 5, 2010).*
 
 
  
Washington Gas Light Company Defined Contribution Restoration Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Washington Gas Light Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2009 filed February 5, 2010).*
 
 
  
Washington Gas Light Company Defined Benefit Restoration Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Washington Gas Light Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2009 filed February 5, 2010).*
 
 
  
WGL Holdings, Inc. and Washington Gas Light Company Change in Control Severance Plan for Certain Executives, as amended on September 24, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to WGL Holdings, Inc.'s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2008 filed December 1, 2008).*
 
 
 
 
Amendment 2015-1 to the WGL Holdings, Inc. and Washington Gas Light Company Change in Control Severance Plan for Certain Executives, dated November 12, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to WGL Holdings, Inc.'s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2015 filed February 5, 2016).*
 
 
 
 
WGL Holdings, Inc. and Washington Gas Light Company Change in Control Policy, dated December 15, 2006, as amended September 22, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to WGL Holdings, Inc.'s Form 8-K filed on January 20, 2016).*
 
 

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Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (continued)


  
Washington Gas Light Company Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, amended and restated effective January 1, 2005, as further amended on September 24, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Washington Gas Light Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2008 filed December 1, 2008).*
 
 
 
 
WGL Holdings, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix B of WGL Holdings, Inc.’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed January 20, 2016).*
 
 
 
WGL Holdings, Inc. and Washington Gas Light Company Deferred Compensation Plan for Outside Directors, adopted December 18, 1985, and amended as of November 1, 2000 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to WGL Holdings, Inc.'s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2001 filed December 20, 2001).*
 
 
 
 
Form of ROE Performance Units (FY 2018 Series) Award under WGL Holdings, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to WGL Holdings, Inc.'s Form 8-K filed September 29, 2017).*
 
 
 
 
Form of Dividend Coverage Performance Shares (FY 2018 Series) Award under WGL Holdings, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to WGL Holdings, Inc.'s Form 8-K filed September 29, 2017).*
 
 
 
 
Form of ROE Performance Shares (FY 2018 Series) Award under WGL Holdings, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to WGL Holdings, Inc.'s Form 8-K filed September 29, 2017).*
 
 
 
 
Form of Return on Equity Performance Unit Award Agreement (FY 2019 Series) under WGL Holdings, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Washington Gas' Form 8-K filed December 28, 2018).*
 
 
 
 
Form of Return on Equity Performance Unit Award Agreement (FY 2019-A Series) under WGL Holdings, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Washington Gas' Form 8-K filed December 28, 2018).*
 
 
 
 
Form of Adjusted Funds from Operations Performance Units Award Agreement (FY 2019 Series) under WGL Holdings, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Washington Gas' Form 8-K filed December 28, 2018).*
 
 
 
 
Form of Adjusted Funds from Operations Performance Units Award Agreement (FY 2019-A Series) under WGL Holdings, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Washington Gas' Form 8-K filed December 28, 2018).*
 
 
 
 
Form of Restricted Units Award Agreement (FY 2019 Series) under WGL Holdings, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Washington Gas' Form 8-K filed December 28, 2018).*
 
 
 
 
Form of Restricted Units Award Agreement (FY 2019-A Series) under WGL Holdings, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Washington Gas' Form 8-K filed December 28, 2018).*
 
 
 
 
Separation Agreement and General Release entered into by and between Terry D. McCallister, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Washington Gas Light Company, dated July 6, 2018. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.55 to Washington Gas Light Company Form 10-K filed November 20, 2018).*
 
 
 
 
Service Agreement entered into by and between Terry D. McCallister and Washington Gas Light Company, dated July 6, 2018. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.56 to Washington Gas Light Company Form 10-K filed November 20, 2018).*
 
 
 
 
Terms of Employment and Retention for Adrian P. Chapman, Chief Executive Officer and President, dated July 6, 2018. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.57 to Washington Gas Light Company Form 10-K filed November 20, 2018).*
 
 
 
 
Terms of Employment and Retention for Vincent L. Ammann, Jr., Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, dated July 6, 2018. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.58 to Washington Gas Light Company Form 10-K filed November 20, 2018).*
 
 
 
 
Terms of Employment and Retention for Luanne Gutermuth, Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer, dated July 9, 2018. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.59 to Washington Gas Light Company Form 10-K filed November 20, 2018).*
 
 
 

165


Washington Gas Light Company
Part IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (continued)


 
Change in Control Severance Plan Agreement for Leslie T. Thornton, dated July 5, 2018. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.60 to Washington Gas Light Company Form 10-K filed November 20, 2018).*
 
 
 
 
Terms of Employment and Retention for William R. Ford, Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer, dated July 6, 2018. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to Washington Gas Light Company Form 10-K filed November 20, 2018).*
 
 
 
 
Amendment to Terms of Employment and Retention for Vincent L. Ammann, Jr., Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, dated November 16, 2018. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.62 to Washington Gas Light Company Form 10-K filed November 20, 2018).*
 
 
 
 
 
Securities Distribution Agreements
 
 
 
 
Distribution Agreement, dated September 10, 2015, by and among Washington Gas Light Company and BB&T Capital Markets, a division of BB&T Securities, LLC, Mitsubishi UFJ Securities (USA), Inc., TD Securities (USA) LLC, The Williams Capital Group, L.P., U.S. Bancorp Investments, Inc., Wells Fargo Securities, LLC and RBC Capital Markets, LLC, relating to the issuance and sale by Washington Gas Light Company of up to $600,000,000 aggregate principal amount of Medium-Term Notes, Series K (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Washington Gas Light Company's Form 8-K filed September 16, 2015).
 
 
 
 
Distribution Agreement, dated January 8, 2019, by and among Washington Gas Light Company and BB&T Capital Markets, a division of BB&T Securities, LLC, as agent, relating to the issuance and sale from time to time of up to $725,000,000 aggregate principal amount of the Company's Medium-Term Notes, Series L (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to Washington Gas Light Company's Form 8-K filed January 14, 2019).
 
 
 
 
  
Debt and Credit Agreements
 
 
 
 
Note Purchase Agreement, dated December 15, 2014, between the Washington Gas Light Company, New York Life Insurance and Annuity Corporation and New York Life Insurance Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Washington Gas Light Company's Form 8-K filed December 17, 2014).
 
 
  
Note Purchase Agreement dated November 2, 2009, entered into by and among Washington Gas Light Company and certain purchasers, for the issuance and sale by Washington Gas Light Company of $50 million of 4.76% notes due November 1, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Washington Gas Light Company's Form 8-K filed November 6, 2009).
 
 
  
Form of Note issued in connection with the Note Purchase Agreement dated November 2, 2009, by and among Washington Gas Light Company and certain purchasers, regarding the issuance and sale by Washington Gas Light Company of $50 million of 4.76% notes due November 1, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Washington Gas Light Company's Form 8-K filed November 6, 2009).
 
 
 
First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated December 19, 2014, between Washington Gas Light Company, the lenders party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent for the Lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Washington Gas Light Company's Form 8-K filed December 19, 2014).
 
 
 
  
Credit Agreement dated as of April 3, 2012 among Washington Gas Light Company, the lenders parties thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent; The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. as syndication agent; Branch Banking and Trust Company and TD Bank, N.A., as documentation agents; and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., BB&T Capital Markets and TD Bank, N.A. as joint lead arrangers and joint book runners (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to WGL Holdings, Inc.'s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012 filed May 3, 2012).
 
 
 
  
Second Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of June 23, 2017, among Washington Light Company, the lenders party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent for the Lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Washington Gas Light Company's Form 8-K filed June 29, 2017).
 
 
 
 
Third Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated May 16, 2018, between Washington Gas Light Company, the lenders party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent for the lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Washington Gas Light Company’s Form 8-K filed May 22, 2018).
 
 
 
 
Stockholder Agreement, dated as of July 6, 2018, between Washington Gas Light Company and Wrangler SPE LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to WGL Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K filed July 12, 2018).
 
 
 
16
  
Letter re change in certifying accountant
 
 
 

166


Washington Gas Light Company
Part IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (continued)


 
Letter from Deloitte & Touche LLP, dated October 12, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 16.1 to Washington Gas Light Company form 8-K filed October 15, 2018).
 
 
 
18
  
Letter re change in accounting principles
 
 
 
 
Preferability Letter Regarding Change in Accounting Principles for Washington Gas (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 18.2 to WGL Holdings, Inc.'s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 filed February 8, 2018).
 
 
 
 
  
* Designates a compensatory plan or arrangement.

167

Washington Gas Light Company
Part IV


Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves
Three Months Ended December 31, 2018, and Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016
  
 
Balance at
Additions Charged To
 
Balance at
  
 
Beginning
Costs and
Other
 
End of
(In thousands)
 
of Period
Expenses(a)
Accounts(b)
Deductions(c)

Period
Three Months Ended December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Deducted from Assets in the Balance Sheet:
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
 
$
29,622

$
5,902

$
581

$
6,644

$
29,461

2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Deducted from Assets in the Balance Sheet:
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
 
$
23,741

$
19,946

$
1,409

$
15,474

$
29,622

2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Deducted from Assets in the Balance Sheet:
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
 
$
20,220

$
14,320

$
1,821

$
12,620

$
23,741

2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Deducted from Assets in the Balance Sheet:
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
 
$
19,254

$
10,946

$
3,806

$
13,786

$
20,220

(a)Represent the amount of bad debt expense recorded to the income statement.
(b)Recoveries on receivables previously written off as uncollectible and unclaimed customer deposits, overpayments, etc. non refundable.
(c) Includes deductions for accounts charged-off.





168

Washington Gas Light Company
Part IV

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
 
Not Applicable.


169




SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
WASHINGTON GAS LIGHT COMPANY
 
/s/ Vincent L. Ammann, Jr.
Vincent L. Ammann, Jr.
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer

Date: March 1, 2019
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

170




Signature
 
Title
 
Date             
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Adrian P. Chapman
 
President and Chief Executive Officer and Director
 
March 1, 2019
(Adrian P. Chapman)
 
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Vincent L. Ammann, Jr.
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
March 1, 2019
(Vincent L. Ammann, Jr.)
 
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ William R. Ford
 
Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
 
March 1, 2019
(William R. Ford)
 
(Principal Accounting Officer)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Chairman of the Board
 
March 1, 2019
(John F. Stark)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Director
 
March 1, 2019
(James W. Dyke, Jr.)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Director
 
March 1, 2019
(Linda R. Gooden)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Director
 
March 1, 2019
(Randall L. Crawford)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Director
 
March 1, 2019
(Deborah S. Stein)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Director
 
March 1, 2019
(Dale S. Rosenthal)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Vincent L. Ammann, Jr.
 
 
 
March 1, 2019
(Vincent L. Ammann, Jr.)
 
 
 
 
Attorney-in-Fact
 
 
 
 


171